Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, P...Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, PEG-mediated transformation of protoplast of L. edodes was studied. Mixed with PEG-purified plasmid DNA, the protoplasts of L. edodes were treated with PEG solution and cultured on CYM regeneration plate containing 40 mug/mL bialaphos. Bialaphos-resistant and GUS-positive transformants were obtained using this transformation system. Although the transformation efficiency was relatively low, the protocols release large expenses on expensive instrument and restriction enzymes, providing a simple and economical method for mushroom breeding at the molecular level.展开更多
An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform...An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.展开更多
Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the prot...Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.展开更多
Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were...Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.展开更多
The interaction between sucrose, yeast extract and initial pH was investigated to optimize critical medium components for mycelium biomass and production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Lentinus squarrosulus using Respo...The interaction between sucrose, yeast extract and initial pH was investigated to optimize critical medium components for mycelium biomass and production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Lentinus squarrosulus using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was applied and a polynomial regression model with quadratic term was used to analyse the experimental data using analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA analysis showed that the model was very significant (p Lentinus squarrosulus are as follows: sucrose concentration 114.61 g/L, yeast extract 1.62 g/L and initial pH of 5.81;sucrose concentration 115.8 g/L, yeast extract of 3.39 g/L and initial pH of 6.44 respectively.展开更多
Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. is an emerging tropical white rot basidiomycete, with nutritional and medicinal benefits. Low levels of commercial cultivation of the mushrooms limit their availability for use as food and ...Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. is an emerging tropical white rot basidiomycete, with nutritional and medicinal benefits. Low levels of commercial cultivation of the mushrooms limit their availability for use as food and medicine. Mycelia from submerged fermentation are a suitable alternative to the mushroom from L. squarrosulus. Three strains, 340, 339 and 218, were studied to determine optimum growth conditions for mycelia mass and crude exo-polysaccharides (CEPS) production. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial structure. Nutrients involving 8 carbon and 8 nitrogen sources were screened, and concentrations of the best sources were optimized. Optimized nutrients, interaction between strains and other parameters such as agitation and medium volume were investigated to obtain optimum fermentation conditions for biomass and CEPS production. Biomass yield varied among strains depending on carbon or nitrogen nutrient sources. Starch and yeast extract at 30 and 25 g/L were identified as the most important nutrients in mycelia and CEPS production. Nutrient optimization resulted in a 3-fold increase in mycelia mass: 12.8, 10.0 and 15.3 g/L in strains 340, 339 and 218 respectively. There was a significant interaction between strain, agitation, and volume (p p = 0.02). Static conditions favored more polysaccharide production. Optimized fermentation conditions resulted in very high increase in biomass: 238.1, 266.9 and 185.0 g/L in strains 340, 339 and 218 respectively. Results obtained could be useful in modeling fermentation systems for large-scale production of mycelia mass, CEPS and other bio-products from L. squarrosulus.展开更多
Various crude extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium and culture broth were prepared for antioxidant studies, glucan and carbohydrate compound analysis. Crude extract from ethanol, cold and hot water extr...Various crude extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium and culture broth were prepared for antioxidant studies, glucan and carbohydrate compound analysis. Crude extract from ethanol, cold and hot water extraction was tested on several complementary test systems namely DPPH free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid oxidation, total phenolic compound, total flavonoid compound, total carbohydrate content and total glucan compositions. The antioxidant activity of the crude extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium and culture broth was determined by 2,2’ diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and β-carotene linoleic acid assay. Crude extracted from culture broth EPS EE recorded the highest radical scavenging effects at 20 mg/mL (85%) which is closer to the control antioxidants (ascorbic acid 97%;BHT 92.4%;BHA 93.6%). Both the ethanol extract (IPS EE and EPS EE) exhibited the highest β-carotene linoleic acid oxidation by recording IC50 values of 0.6 and 0.65 mg/mL respectively. IPS EE (0.59 mg/g) and EPS WE (0.58 mg/g) showed high flavonoid content whereas total phenol content was high in EPS WE (0.85 mg/g) and IPS EE (0.84 mg/g). Total carbohydrate concentrations were high in IPS HWE and IPS CWE with 19.1 and 16.3 mg/mL respectively and these data correlate with the β-glucan content in both extracts. The highest β-glucan content found in IPS CWE and IPS HWE were 12.2 and 11.4% w/w respectively.展开更多
Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol...Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solutions with or without urea showed two turning points corresponding to the dynamic contact concentration c_s andthe overlap concentration c~* of the polymer. The values of c_s and c~* were found to be 1×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) and 1.1×10^(-2) g cm^(-3),respectively, for L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions. The two critical concentrations of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/LNaOH aqueous solutions were also found to be 1.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) fbr c_s and 9.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) for c~* from the concentrationdependence of phenanthrene fluorescence intensities. The overlap concentration c~* of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueoussolutions was lower than that of polystyrene with same molecular weight in benzene, owing to the fact that polysaccharidetends to undergo aggregation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A normal viscosity behavior of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L urea/0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions can still be observed in an extremely low concentration range at 25℃.展开更多
Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-gluc...Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.展开更多
Bioremediation is an eco-compatible and economical approach to counter textile dye menace. The isolated Lentinus squarrosulus AF5 was assessed for decolourization of textile azo dyes, and had shown ~93%, 88% and 70% d...Bioremediation is an eco-compatible and economical approach to counter textile dye menace. The isolated Lentinus squarrosulus AF5 was assessed for decolourization of textile azo dyes, and had shown ~93%, 88% and 70% decolorization of Reactive blue 160 (RB160), Reactive black 5 (RB5) and Amido black 10B (AB10B) respectively. Further analysis using UV-vis, HPLC, and FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR had shown the degradation of the dyes. Toxicity analysis of the metabolites was performed using seed germination and plant growth on two agriculturally important plants Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as well as cytotoxicity analysis using the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The dye mix appeared inhibitory for seed germination (20% - 40%), whereas metabolites were non-inhibitory for germination. Treatment of HaCaT cells with of dye mix and metabolites led into 45% and ~100% of cell viability of HaCaT cells respectively. Therefore, metabolites following degradation of the dye mix were observed to be non-toxic.展开更多
Lentinus squarrosulus(Mont.)Singer:an edible macro-fungus is reported from the moist temperate Himalayan forests of Pakistan.The sample was studied based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analys...Lentinus squarrosulus(Mont.)Singer:an edible macro-fungus is reported from the moist temperate Himalayan forests of Pakistan.The sample was studied based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analyses of the ITS region.Studies based on morpho-anatomical and molecular data are consistent with formerly reported specimens.Lentinus squarrosulus represents the first report for Pakistan.展开更多
Exclusively Brazilian, the Caatinga biome has been thus far a place of very few studies on the Basidiomycetes fungi. Due to its semiarid climate, fungi found in the region are likely to carry lignolytic enzymes which ...Exclusively Brazilian, the Caatinga biome has been thus far a place of very few studies on the Basidiomycetes fungi. Due to its semiarid climate, fungi found in the region are likely to carry lignolytic enzymes which hold biotechnological potential to be used in industrial processes of agro-industrial residue bioconversion. This study performed a response surface statistical planning to optimize the secretion of enzymes such as laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) by Lentinus crinitus. Three variables were under analysis: different concentrations of barley and cassava residue, pH and temperature. MnP enzyme showed the highest enzymatic activity rate (23.5 IU/L). Additionally, MnP had the best results of enzyme secretion for substrate composition of 50% barley and 50% cassava, at pH 7 and temperature at 28°C for a 28-day incubation period. However, further studies are pivotal to test the efficiency in lignin bioconversion by the enzymes synthesized in this work and also to establish their usage pattern on a large scale.展开更多
Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP...Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP)or polyethylene(PE)packaging were employed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms on the post-harvested quality of L.edodes.Compared with PE packaging,PP packaging could maintain good storage quality and membrane integrity of L.edodes by reducing oxidative damage,which might be related to the significantly decreased relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content at the later stage of storage.Also,PP packaging could improve the antioxidant ability and inhibit the production of H_(2)O_(2)by the decreased catalase and increased superoxide dismutase content.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase,as the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropane,increased at the later storage of PP-packaged L.edodes.It helped the synthesis of phenolic substances and lignin accumulation.These results indicated PP packaging could be an effective material for maintaining the postharvest storage quality of L.edodes,which might be related to the antioxidant system and phenylpropane pathway.展开更多
The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentin...The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentinus Edodes(LE)(0-10%)as a“clean-label”ingredient were investigated.Specifically,the color changes induced by the LE addition were not visually obvious.The 4%-10%LE addition could enhance the water holding capacity,gel strength,hardness,total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate of the samples.The cooking loss was at good levels with 6%-8%LE and negatively related to gel strength by Pearson correlation analysis.The rheological characteristics,immobilize water distribution,microstructure varied with the LE addition,and 6%addition amount was their important turning point.The total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate were positively correlated with the amounts of LE,and the minimal lipid and protein oxidation was observed at 6%-8%LE.Besides,LE addition enhanced salty and umami tastes and enriched the alcohols,aldehydes and ketones of samples.As a result,the moderate addition of LE could improve the quality of carp surimi and LE had potential to be a“clean-label”ingredient in carp surimi.展开更多
Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes)fermentation broth,enriched with bioactive compounds,has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage.This study systematically evaluated the...Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes)fermentation broth,enriched with bioactive compounds,has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage.This study systematically evaluated the antioxidant capacity in vitro and hepatoprotective effects in vivo of a sequential multi-microbial fermentation broth(MMF)utilizing Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.In vitro assays demon-strated that MMF possesses potent,concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity,with a notable Oxygen radical absorption capacity half-life of 6.83 h.Furthermore,MMF significantly enhanced the viability of NRK cells(up to 124.91%at 1.25 mg/mL)and offered protection against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.In vivo,the administration of MMF to alcohol-treated mice effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cy-tokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),restored hepatic antioxidant enzymes(GSH,CAT),and normalized malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.Histopathological analysis verified MMF’s protective effects on liver and gastric tissues,mitigating alcohol-induced structural damage.Serum lipid profiles(LDL,LDL-C,TC)were improved,highlighting MMF’s dual role in alleviating oxidative injury and modulating lipid metabolism.These findings highlight the potential of multi-strain fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of shiitake-derived compounds,providing a foundation for the development of functional foods targeting alcohol-related disorders.展开更多
Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom a...Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom alcohol)to enhance the mushroom aroma of the MPs.Among the three UFAs tested,linoleic acid(LA)exhibited the strongest promoting effect on 1-octen-3-ol,resulting in a 1-octen-3-ol content of 74.57±1.48μg/L in MPs.When LA was co-heated with L-cysteine and/or xylose,a synergistic effect was observed between LA and L-cysteine,leading to the highest 1-octen-3-ol content of 211.29±3.62μg/L in LA-L-cysteine-xylose system.The enzymatic hydrolysate of commercial safflower seed oil was further used as an alternative source of LA to fortify the typical mushroom flavor.The incorporation of 25%safflower seed oil hydrolysate was recommended to enhance the 1-octen-3-ol production(133.09±8.74μg/L)in MPs.These findings provide new ideas for enhancing the mushroom aroma,offering potential applications in flavor design and food processing.展开更多
Mushroom polysaccharides are natural macromolecules that could regulate biological life activities.Two new polysaccharides(TS-P and LE-P)were extracted from Trametes sanguinea and wild Lentinus edodes.The results of t...Mushroom polysaccharides are natural macromolecules that could regulate biological life activities.Two new polysaccharides(TS-P and LE-P)were extracted from Trametes sanguinea and wild Lentinus edodes.The results of the structural appraisal showed that both TS-P and LE-P had glucose and galactose as their main monosaccharide components.The main chain of TS-P consisted of(1→4)-α-D-Glcp and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with(4→6)-β-D-Manp and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains;and the main chain of LE-P consists of(1→4)-α-D-Galp,(1→6)-α-D-Galp,(1→4)-β-D-Glcp,and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with the(1→4)-β-D-Arap and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains.The in vitro activity of immunoreactivity results showed that the proliferative effect of TS-P and LE-P on macrophages was concentration-dependent over a range of concentrations,and both showed the best proliferation effect of 143.50%and 38.09%,respectively,at a concentration of 20μg/mL.The anti-tumor results showed that the best inhibition of gastric cancer cells was achieved when the concentration of TS-P and LE-P was both 10μg/mL,and the inhibition rates were 76.08%and 42.24%,respectively.The effect of F-actin on the cytoskeleton of MFC cells labeled with fluorescein-FITC showed that both polysaccharides significantly reduced the fluorescent expression of F-actin in MFC cells.TS-P containing higher(1→4)-glycosidic bonds and mannose has stronger immunoreactivity and antitumor activity than LE-P in vitro.These findings provide valuable insights for the development of polysaccharide-based therapeutics.展开更多
Selenium(Se)is a necessary micronutrient,while Se-deficiency is common in most areas worldwide.Developing dietary Se-supplements can address this issue.Se-enriched Lentinus edodes are good sources of natural Sepolysac...Selenium(Se)is a necessary micronutrient,while Se-deficiency is common in most areas worldwide.Developing dietary Se-supplements can address this issue.Se-enriched Lentinus edodes are good sources of natural Sepolysaccharides that are promising dietary Se-supplements.However,Se-polysaccharides from Se-enriched Lentinus edodes(Se-P-LE)fruit body via enzymatic-extraction(EE)have only been sparsely studied.Thus,the EE of Se-P-LE was optimized via Box-Behnken and uniform test,and the physicochemical and bio-functional properties of Se-P-LE were investigated herein.The results showed that the optimized EE conditions were:extracting temperature of 45℃,pH of 4.5,time of 85 min and a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 mL/g.The addition amount of cellulase,papain and pectinase were 0.80,0.65 and 0.8 g/100 g samples,respectively.Under this condition,Se-P-LE yield was 18.16±0.10%,and the Se content of Se-P-LE was 29.51±0.23μg/100 g.Characterization of Se-P-LE showed that Se-P-LE were Se-conjugated polysaccharides with pyranoglycan andβ-glycosidic linkages.Se-P-LE were composed of 8 monosaccharides with shear-thinning properties and microcrystalline/amorphous structures.The bioactivities assays showed that Se-P-LE displayed a higher DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate than ordinary polysaccharides.Besides,Se-P-LE significantly reduced mRNA expression and levels of pro-inflammation factors(NO,IL-6/1βand TNF-α)caused by LPS in RAW264.7 cell line.展开更多
To investigate the potential use of Lentinus edodes （L. edodes） residue for Cd^2＋ adsorption, poly alcohol Na alginate （PVA） was applied to immobilize it. The parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosa...To investigate the potential use of Lentinus edodes （L. edodes） residue for Cd^2＋ adsorption, poly alcohol Na alginate （PVA） was applied to immobilize it. The parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and coexisting metal ions were studied. The suitable pH for immobilized L. edodes was 4-7 wider than that for raw L. edodes （pH 6-7）. In the presence of Pb^2＋ concentration varying from 0 to 30mg.L^-1, the Cd^2＋ adsorption ratios declined by 6.71% and 47.45% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. While, with the coexisting ion Cu2＋ concentration varied from 0 to 30 mg.L^-1, the Cd^2＋ adsorption ratios declined by 12.97% and 50.56% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The Cd^2＋ adsorption isotherms in singlemetal and dual-metal solutions were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freuxldlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The Cd^2＋ adsorption capacities （qm） in single-metal solution were 6.448 mg.L^-1 and 2.832 mg.L^-1 for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The qm of immobilized L. edodes were 1.850 mg Cd. gl in Cd^2＋ ＋ Pb^2＋ solution and 3.961mg Cd.g^-1 in Cd^2＋ ＋ Cu^2＋ solution, respectively. The Cd^2＋ adsorption processes subjected to both adsorbents follow pseudo-second-order model. Mechanism study showed the functional group of L. edodes was -OH, -NH, -CO, and PVA played an important role in metal adsorbing. Mining wastewater treatment test showed that PVA-SA-immobilized L. edodes was effective in mixed pollutant treatment even for wastewater containing metal ions in very low concentration.展开更多
文摘Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, PEG-mediated transformation of protoplast of L. edodes was studied. Mixed with PEG-purified plasmid DNA, the protoplasts of L. edodes were treated with PEG solution and cultured on CYM regeneration plate containing 40 mug/mL bialaphos. Bialaphos-resistant and GUS-positive transformants were obtained using this transformation system. Although the transformation efficiency was relatively low, the protocols release large expenses on expensive instrument and restriction enzymes, providing a simple and economical method for mushroom breeding at the molecular level.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,2011AA100805-2)the Project from Chongqing Science and Technology Committee(CSTC2011AC1010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271825)
文摘An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20074025).
文摘Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606701)。
文摘Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.
文摘The interaction between sucrose, yeast extract and initial pH was investigated to optimize critical medium components for mycelium biomass and production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Lentinus squarrosulus using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was applied and a polynomial regression model with quadratic term was used to analyse the experimental data using analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA analysis showed that the model was very significant (p Lentinus squarrosulus are as follows: sucrose concentration 114.61 g/L, yeast extract 1.62 g/L and initial pH of 5.81;sucrose concentration 115.8 g/L, yeast extract of 3.39 g/L and initial pH of 6.44 respectively.
文摘Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. is an emerging tropical white rot basidiomycete, with nutritional and medicinal benefits. Low levels of commercial cultivation of the mushrooms limit their availability for use as food and medicine. Mycelia from submerged fermentation are a suitable alternative to the mushroom from L. squarrosulus. Three strains, 340, 339 and 218, were studied to determine optimum growth conditions for mycelia mass and crude exo-polysaccharides (CEPS) production. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial structure. Nutrients involving 8 carbon and 8 nitrogen sources were screened, and concentrations of the best sources were optimized. Optimized nutrients, interaction between strains and other parameters such as agitation and medium volume were investigated to obtain optimum fermentation conditions for biomass and CEPS production. Biomass yield varied among strains depending on carbon or nitrogen nutrient sources. Starch and yeast extract at 30 and 25 g/L were identified as the most important nutrients in mycelia and CEPS production. Nutrient optimization resulted in a 3-fold increase in mycelia mass: 12.8, 10.0 and 15.3 g/L in strains 340, 339 and 218 respectively. There was a significant interaction between strain, agitation, and volume (p p = 0.02). Static conditions favored more polysaccharide production. Optimized fermentation conditions resulted in very high increase in biomass: 238.1, 266.9 and 185.0 g/L in strains 340, 339 and 218 respectively. Results obtained could be useful in modeling fermentation systems for large-scale production of mycelia mass, CEPS and other bio-products from L. squarrosulus.
文摘Various crude extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium and culture broth were prepared for antioxidant studies, glucan and carbohydrate compound analysis. Crude extract from ethanol, cold and hot water extraction was tested on several complementary test systems namely DPPH free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid oxidation, total phenolic compound, total flavonoid compound, total carbohydrate content and total glucan compositions. The antioxidant activity of the crude extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium and culture broth was determined by 2,2’ diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and β-carotene linoleic acid assay. Crude extracted from culture broth EPS EE recorded the highest radical scavenging effects at 20 mg/mL (85%) which is closer to the control antioxidants (ascorbic acid 97%;BHT 92.4%;BHA 93.6%). Both the ethanol extract (IPS EE and EPS EE) exhibited the highest β-carotene linoleic acid oxidation by recording IC50 values of 0.6 and 0.65 mg/mL respectively. IPS EE (0.59 mg/g) and EPS WE (0.58 mg/g) showed high flavonoid content whereas total phenol content was high in EPS WE (0.85 mg/g) and IPS EE (0.84 mg/g). Total carbohydrate concentrations were high in IPS HWE and IPS CWE with 19.1 and 16.3 mg/mL respectively and these data correlate with the β-glucan content in both extracts. The highest β-glucan content found in IPS CWE and IPS HWE were 12.2 and 11.4% w/w respectively.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29374170) and the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong Government Earmarked Grant (CUHK 4161/99M).
文摘Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solutions with or without urea showed two turning points corresponding to the dynamic contact concentration c_s andthe overlap concentration c~* of the polymer. The values of c_s and c~* were found to be 1×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) and 1.1×10^(-2) g cm^(-3),respectively, for L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions. The two critical concentrations of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/LNaOH aqueous solutions were also found to be 1.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) fbr c_s and 9.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) for c~* from the concentrationdependence of phenanthrene fluorescence intensities. The overlap concentration c~* of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueoussolutions was lower than that of polystyrene with same molecular weight in benzene, owing to the fact that polysaccharidetends to undergo aggregation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A normal viscosity behavior of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L urea/0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions can still be observed in an extremely low concentration range at 25℃.
基金supported by the Shanghai Lithy One-Health Group Technology Co.,Ltd.,Project(114-KH210230A)。
文摘Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.
文摘Bioremediation is an eco-compatible and economical approach to counter textile dye menace. The isolated Lentinus squarrosulus AF5 was assessed for decolourization of textile azo dyes, and had shown ~93%, 88% and 70% decolorization of Reactive blue 160 (RB160), Reactive black 5 (RB5) and Amido black 10B (AB10B) respectively. Further analysis using UV-vis, HPLC, and FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR had shown the degradation of the dyes. Toxicity analysis of the metabolites was performed using seed germination and plant growth on two agriculturally important plants Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as well as cytotoxicity analysis using the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The dye mix appeared inhibitory for seed germination (20% - 40%), whereas metabolites were non-inhibitory for germination. Treatment of HaCaT cells with of dye mix and metabolites led into 45% and ~100% of cell viability of HaCaT cells respectively. Therefore, metabolites following degradation of the dye mix were observed to be non-toxic.
文摘Lentinus squarrosulus(Mont.)Singer:an edible macro-fungus is reported from the moist temperate Himalayan forests of Pakistan.The sample was studied based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analyses of the ITS region.Studies based on morpho-anatomical and molecular data are consistent with formerly reported specimens.Lentinus squarrosulus represents the first report for Pakistan.
文摘Exclusively Brazilian, the Caatinga biome has been thus far a place of very few studies on the Basidiomycetes fungi. Due to its semiarid climate, fungi found in the region are likely to carry lignolytic enzymes which hold biotechnological potential to be used in industrial processes of agro-industrial residue bioconversion. This study performed a response surface statistical planning to optimize the secretion of enzymes such as laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) by Lentinus crinitus. Three variables were under analysis: different concentrations of barley and cassava residue, pH and temperature. MnP enzyme showed the highest enzymatic activity rate (23.5 IU/L). Additionally, MnP had the best results of enzyme secretion for substrate composition of 50% barley and 50% cassava, at pH 7 and temperature at 28°C for a 28-day incubation period. However, further studies are pivotal to test the efficiency in lignin bioconversion by the enzymes synthesized in this work and also to establish their usage pattern on a large scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001811,32302631,31772020)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011834).
文摘Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP)or polyethylene(PE)packaging were employed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms on the post-harvested quality of L.edodes.Compared with PE packaging,PP packaging could maintain good storage quality and membrane integrity of L.edodes by reducing oxidative damage,which might be related to the significantly decreased relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content at the later stage of storage.Also,PP packaging could improve the antioxidant ability and inhibit the production of H_(2)O_(2)by the decreased catalase and increased superoxide dismutase content.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase,as the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropane,increased at the later storage of PP-packaged L.edodes.It helped the synthesis of phenolic substances and lignin accumulation.These results indicated PP packaging could be an effective material for maintaining the postharvest storage quality of L.edodes,which might be related to the antioxidant system and phenylpropane pathway.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801508)Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(No.LJKMZ20220876).
文摘The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentinus Edodes(LE)(0-10%)as a“clean-label”ingredient were investigated.Specifically,the color changes induced by the LE addition were not visually obvious.The 4%-10%LE addition could enhance the water holding capacity,gel strength,hardness,total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate of the samples.The cooking loss was at good levels with 6%-8%LE and negatively related to gel strength by Pearson correlation analysis.The rheological characteristics,immobilize water distribution,microstructure varied with the LE addition,and 6%addition amount was their important turning point.The total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate were positively correlated with the amounts of LE,and the minimal lipid and protein oxidation was observed at 6%-8%LE.Besides,LE addition enhanced salty and umami tastes and enriched the alcohols,aldehydes and ketones of samples.As a result,the moderate addition of LE could improve the quality of carp surimi and LE had potential to be a“clean-label”ingredient in carp surimi.
基金supported by the Project on Research and Development of Cistanche Precision Nutrition Products(2025RCR008)the Project of PNTD Innovation Research Institute for Nutrition and Health Based on Homology of Medicine and Food(2025PNTD 001).
文摘Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes)fermentation broth,enriched with bioactive compounds,has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage.This study systematically evaluated the antioxidant capacity in vitro and hepatoprotective effects in vivo of a sequential multi-microbial fermentation broth(MMF)utilizing Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.In vitro assays demon-strated that MMF possesses potent,concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity,with a notable Oxygen radical absorption capacity half-life of 6.83 h.Furthermore,MMF significantly enhanced the viability of NRK cells(up to 124.91%at 1.25 mg/mL)and offered protection against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.In vivo,the administration of MMF to alcohol-treated mice effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cy-tokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),restored hepatic antioxidant enzymes(GSH,CAT),and normalized malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.Histopathological analysis verified MMF’s protective effects on liver and gastric tissues,mitigating alcohol-induced structural damage.Serum lipid profiles(LDL,LDL-C,TC)were improved,highlighting MMF’s dual role in alleviating oxidative injury and modulating lipid metabolism.These findings highlight the potential of multi-strain fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of shiitake-derived compounds,providing a foundation for the development of functional foods targeting alcohol-related disorders.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technology Program of Anhui Province(202423l10050061)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom alcohol)to enhance the mushroom aroma of the MPs.Among the three UFAs tested,linoleic acid(LA)exhibited the strongest promoting effect on 1-octen-3-ol,resulting in a 1-octen-3-ol content of 74.57±1.48μg/L in MPs.When LA was co-heated with L-cysteine and/or xylose,a synergistic effect was observed between LA and L-cysteine,leading to the highest 1-octen-3-ol content of 211.29±3.62μg/L in LA-L-cysteine-xylose system.The enzymatic hydrolysate of commercial safflower seed oil was further used as an alternative source of LA to fortify the typical mushroom flavor.The incorporation of 25%safflower seed oil hydrolysate was recommended to enhance the 1-octen-3-ol production(133.09±8.74μg/L)in MPs.These findings provide new ideas for enhancing the mushroom aroma,offering potential applications in flavor design and food processing.
基金supported by the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Project(2022NSFSC0107,2022NZZJ0003,22ZYZFSF0009 and 23ZHSF0082)the Dazhou city-school cooperation project(2021-S05)the open project of Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Drugs(210023-01SZ).
文摘Mushroom polysaccharides are natural macromolecules that could regulate biological life activities.Two new polysaccharides(TS-P and LE-P)were extracted from Trametes sanguinea and wild Lentinus edodes.The results of the structural appraisal showed that both TS-P and LE-P had glucose and galactose as their main monosaccharide components.The main chain of TS-P consisted of(1→4)-α-D-Glcp and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with(4→6)-β-D-Manp and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains;and the main chain of LE-P consists of(1→4)-α-D-Galp,(1→6)-α-D-Galp,(1→4)-β-D-Glcp,and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with the(1→4)-β-D-Arap and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains.The in vitro activity of immunoreactivity results showed that the proliferative effect of TS-P and LE-P on macrophages was concentration-dependent over a range of concentrations,and both showed the best proliferation effect of 143.50%and 38.09%,respectively,at a concentration of 20μg/mL.The anti-tumor results showed that the best inhibition of gastric cancer cells was achieved when the concentration of TS-P and LE-P was both 10μg/mL,and the inhibition rates were 76.08%and 42.24%,respectively.The effect of F-actin on the cytoskeleton of MFC cells labeled with fluorescein-FITC showed that both polysaccharides significantly reduced the fluorescent expression of F-actin in MFC cells.TS-P containing higher(1→4)-glycosidic bonds and mannose has stronger immunoreactivity and antitumor activity than LE-P in vitro.These findings provide valuable insights for the development of polysaccharide-based therapeutics.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160565)Scientific Research Plan Projects of Shaanxi Educa-tion Department,China(21JK0469)+3 种基金Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province,China(2016TZC-N-1-3)Senior Talent Foundation of An Kang University,China(2021AYQDZR04)Crosswise Research Foundation(2017AYHY021)Key Research Plan(2022AYZD01)of An Kang University,China.
文摘Selenium(Se)is a necessary micronutrient,while Se-deficiency is common in most areas worldwide.Developing dietary Se-supplements can address this issue.Se-enriched Lentinus edodes are good sources of natural Sepolysaccharides that are promising dietary Se-supplements.However,Se-polysaccharides from Se-enriched Lentinus edodes(Se-P-LE)fruit body via enzymatic-extraction(EE)have only been sparsely studied.Thus,the EE of Se-P-LE was optimized via Box-Behnken and uniform test,and the physicochemical and bio-functional properties of Se-P-LE were investigated herein.The results showed that the optimized EE conditions were:extracting temperature of 45℃,pH of 4.5,time of 85 min and a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 mL/g.The addition amount of cellulase,papain and pectinase were 0.80,0.65 and 0.8 g/100 g samples,respectively.Under this condition,Se-P-LE yield was 18.16±0.10%,and the Se content of Se-P-LE was 29.51±0.23μg/100 g.Characterization of Se-P-LE showed that Se-P-LE were Se-conjugated polysaccharides with pyranoglycan andβ-glycosidic linkages.Se-P-LE were composed of 8 monosaccharides with shear-thinning properties and microcrystalline/amorphous structures.The bioactivities assays showed that Se-P-LE displayed a higher DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate than ordinary polysaccharides.Besides,Se-P-LE significantly reduced mRNA expression and levels of pro-inflammation factors(NO,IL-6/1βand TNF-α)caused by LPS in RAW264.7 cell line.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40871111） and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Application of immobilized edible fungus residue in electroplating wastewater treatment： a case study in Beijing City Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘To investigate the potential use of Lentinus edodes （L. edodes） residue for Cd^2＋ adsorption, poly alcohol Na alginate （PVA） was applied to immobilize it. The parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and coexisting metal ions were studied. The suitable pH for immobilized L. edodes was 4-7 wider than that for raw L. edodes （pH 6-7）. In the presence of Pb^2＋ concentration varying from 0 to 30mg.L^-1, the Cd^2＋ adsorption ratios declined by 6.71% and 47.45% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. While, with the coexisting ion Cu2＋ concentration varied from 0 to 30 mg.L^-1, the Cd^2＋ adsorption ratios declined by 12.97% and 50.56% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The Cd^2＋ adsorption isotherms in singlemetal and dual-metal solutions were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freuxldlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The Cd^2＋ adsorption capacities （qm） in single-metal solution were 6.448 mg.L^-1 and 2.832 mg.L^-1 for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The qm of immobilized L. edodes were 1.850 mg Cd. gl in Cd^2＋ ＋ Pb^2＋ solution and 3.961mg Cd.g^-1 in Cd^2＋ ＋ Cu^2＋ solution, respectively. The Cd^2＋ adsorption processes subjected to both adsorbents follow pseudo-second-order model. Mechanism study showed the functional group of L. edodes was -OH, -NH, -CO, and PVA played an important role in metal adsorbing. Mining wastewater treatment test showed that PVA-SA-immobilized L. edodes was effective in mixed pollutant treatment even for wastewater containing metal ions in very low concentration.
