The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to explore the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/γAl2O3 and...The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to explore the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/γAl2O3 and Pd/γAl2O3 disc burners were situated in the combustion domain and the experiments were performed under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (ø) of 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners were inspected via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along the flames. The RSM considers the effect of the two operating parameters explicitly (r), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (x), axial distance along the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and finds the predicted maximum temperature and the corresponding process variables. Also the RSM has been employed to elucidate such effects in the three and two dimensions and displays the location of the predicted maximum temperature.展开更多
Modeling, predictive and generalization capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been performed to assess the thermal structure of the experimentally studied cat...Modeling, predictive and generalization capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been performed to assess the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Pd/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> disc burners were located in the combustion domain and the experiments were accomplished under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (<i><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ø</span></span></i>) of 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners w<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">as</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> scrutinized via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along with the flames. The RSM and ANN methods investigated the effect of the two operating parameters namely (<i>r</i>), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (<i>x</i>), axial distance along with the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and predicted the corresponding temperatures beside predicting the maximum temperature and the corresponding input process variables. A three</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">layered Feed Forward Neural Network was developed in conjugation with the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid (tansig) transfer function and an optimized topology of 2:10:1 (input neurons:hidden neurons:output neurons). Also the ANN method has been exploited to illustrate </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">effects of coded <i>R</i> and <i>X</i> input variables on the response in the three and two dimensions and to locate the predicted maximum temperature. The results indicated the superiority of ANN in the prediction capability as the ranges of & F_Ratio are 0.9181</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9809 & 634.5</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 3528.8 for RSM method compared to 0.9857</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9951 & 7636.4</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 24</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">028.4 for ANN method beside lower values </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">for error analysis terms.</span>展开更多
The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- ...The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- tack during the separation of uranium and plutonium from fission products of FBTR mixed carbide fuel reprocessing solution. DBP is the major degradation product of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Amount of DBP formed in the lean organic streams of different fuel burn-up FBTR carbide fuel reprocessing solutions were analyzed by Gas Chromatographic technique. The method is based on the preparation of diazo methane and conversion of non-volatile Di-n-butyl phosphate in to volatile and stable derivatives by the action of diazomethane and then determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). A calibration graph was made for DBP over a concentration in the range from 200 to 1800 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.99587 and RSD 1.2%. The degraded 30% TBP-NPH solvent loaded with heavy metal ions like uranium was analyzed after repeated use and results are compared with standard ion chromatographic technique. A column comparison study to select of proper gas chromatographic column for the separation of DBP from other components in a single aliquot of injection is also examined.展开更多
文摘The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to explore the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/γAl2O3 and Pd/γAl2O3 disc burners were situated in the combustion domain and the experiments were performed under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (ø) of 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners were inspected via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along the flames. The RSM considers the effect of the two operating parameters explicitly (r), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (x), axial distance along the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and finds the predicted maximum temperature and the corresponding process variables. Also the RSM has been employed to elucidate such effects in the three and two dimensions and displays the location of the predicted maximum temperature.
文摘Modeling, predictive and generalization capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been performed to assess the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Pd/<i>γ</i>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> disc burners were located in the combustion domain and the experiments were accomplished under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (<i><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ø</span></span></i>) of 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners w<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">as</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> scrutinized via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along with the flames. The RSM and ANN methods investigated the effect of the two operating parameters namely (<i>r</i>), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (<i>x</i>), axial distance along with the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and predicted the corresponding temperatures beside predicting the maximum temperature and the corresponding input process variables. A three</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">layered Feed Forward Neural Network was developed in conjugation with the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid (tansig) transfer function and an optimized topology of 2:10:1 (input neurons:hidden neurons:output neurons). Also the ANN method has been exploited to illustrate </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">effects of coded <i>R</i> and <i>X</i> input variables on the response in the three and two dimensions and to locate the predicted maximum temperature. The results indicated the superiority of ANN in the prediction capability as the ranges of & F_Ratio are 0.9181</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9809 & 634.5</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 3528.8 for RSM method compared to 0.9857</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 0.9951 & 7636.4</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">- 24</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">028.4 for ANN method beside lower values </span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">for error analysis terms.</span>
文摘The present work describes the amount of Di-n- butyl phosphate (DBP) produced when PUREX solvent (30%tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixed with 70% hydrocarbon diluent) is exposed to intensive radiolytic and chemical at- tack during the separation of uranium and plutonium from fission products of FBTR mixed carbide fuel reprocessing solution. DBP is the major degradation product of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Amount of DBP formed in the lean organic streams of different fuel burn-up FBTR carbide fuel reprocessing solutions were analyzed by Gas Chromatographic technique. The method is based on the preparation of diazo methane and conversion of non-volatile Di-n-butyl phosphate in to volatile and stable derivatives by the action of diazomethane and then determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). A calibration graph was made for DBP over a concentration in the range from 200 to 1800 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.99587 and RSD 1.2%. The degraded 30% TBP-NPH solvent loaded with heavy metal ions like uranium was analyzed after repeated use and results are compared with standard ion chromatographic technique. A column comparison study to select of proper gas chromatographic column for the separation of DBP from other components in a single aliquot of injection is also examined.
