Reading Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea was an exciting journey for me.The novel tells the story of Professor Aronnax,his servant Conseil,and the harpooner(捕鲸人)Ned Land,who are taken captive...Reading Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea was an exciting journey for me.The novel tells the story of Professor Aronnax,his servant Conseil,and the harpooner(捕鲸人)Ned Land,who are taken captive by the mysterious Captain Nemo aboard his advanced submarine,the Nautilus.As I followed their underwater adventures,I was amazed by Vernes detailed descriptions of the ocean and its creatures,which made the story come alive.展开更多
The Chinese Football Association Super League （CSL） has broken yet another record. Indeed, the league＇s record recruitment budget of 388 million euros （$342.76 million） yeas broken this season. In 2018, more than...The Chinese Football Association Super League （CSL） has broken yet another record. Indeed, the league＇s record recruitment budget of 388 million euros （$342.76 million） yeas broken this season. In 2018, more than 470 million euros （$415.19 million） have been spent on retaining the best football stars that have come to China in recent years, as well as on attracting even more talented footballers.展开更多
1 With no famous coaches and only a small number of professional players,an amateur soccer league in Jiangsu Province has caught people's attention,mostly because of local fans'great passion and humorous talk.
Objective As the core unit of the limbic system,the hippocampus is involved in the regulation of higher neural activity by integrating emotional encoding and memory storage functions.In the pathological process of epi...Objective As the core unit of the limbic system,the hippocampus is involved in the regulation of higher neural activity by integrating emotional encoding and memory storage functions.In the pathological process of epilepsy,structural remodeling and functional disorders in this region have become the focus of research,and the existing evidence mostly focuses on hippocampal sclerosis,a typical neurodegenerative change.However,there is still a lack of systematic analysis of the pathological subtypes under the International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE)classification system in cross-scale molecular events such as epigenetic regulation and microbiome-brain axis.By integrating clinical cohort data and experimental model evidence,this article focuses on the association characteristics between hippocampal sclerosis subtypes and seizure patterns,and reveals the formation of abnormal hippocampal network and the cascading effect of abnormal hippocampus-related neurotransmitters in the formation of epileptogenic network.The study found that specific pathological subtypes showed a significant correspondence with seizure frequency and drug sensitivity,suggesting that hippocampal sclerosis drives epilepsy progression through multidimensional molecular events.In the future,it is necessary to combine spatial transcriptome and targeted metabolomics technology to analyze the cell interaction network in the hippocampal microenvironment,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of subtype-specific antiepileptic strategies.展开更多
Three market forces play into the hands of American professional sports franchises, which are leagues, cities and monopoly power. In consideration of the American professional franchises, this paper studies how teams ...Three market forces play into the hands of American professional sports franchises, which are leagues, cities and monopoly power. In consideration of the American professional franchises, this paper studies how teams exploit the three market forces and achieve the optimal revenue.展开更多
The research on ecosystem service values(ESVs)estimation in arid region is weak.We took the Alxa League of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,an extreme arid region,as an example and constructed an equivalent c...The research on ecosystem service values(ESVs)estimation in arid region is weak.We took the Alxa League of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,an extreme arid region,as an example and constructed an equivalent coefficient method to assess its ESVs from 1975 to 2015,by determining the standard unit of ESVs and the basic equivalent of the value of different ecosystem services per unit area based on the regional characteristics,literature research,expert knowledge and land use data.The results show that the ESVs first decreased from 83170.4 million yuan(RMB)in 1975 to 82337.8 million yuan(RMB)in 2000 and then increased to84033.6 million yuan(RMB)in 2015,and the ESV of sparse grassland and desert account for about 33%and 29%of the total ESVs,respectively.Among the four service types,the regulating services,support services,supply services and cultural services account for66.5%,22.8%,6.0%and 4.7%,respectively.The changes of ESVs in Alxa League are determined by the socio-economic development and ecological changes.This study provides a new method to estimate the ESVs in arid region by integrating existing methods and regional characteristics,such as the cost of water for arid ecosystems.展开更多
This paper introduces Soccer League Competition (SLC) algorithm as a new optimization technique for solving nonlinear systems of equations. Fundamental ideas of the method are inspired from soccer leagues and based on...This paper introduces Soccer League Competition (SLC) algorithm as a new optimization technique for solving nonlinear systems of equations. Fundamental ideas of the method are inspired from soccer leagues and based on the competitions among teams and players. Like other meta-heuristic methods, the proposed technique starts with an initial population. Population individuals called players are in two types: fixed players and substitutes that all together form some teams. The competition among teams to take the possession of the top ranked positions in the league table and the internal competitions between players in each team for personal improvements results in the convergence of population individuals to the global optimum. Results of applying the proposed algorithm in solving nonlinear systems of equations demonstrate that SLC converges to the answer more accurately and rapidly in comparison with other Meta-heuristic and Newton-type methods.展开更多
In this paper, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we have measured the technical efficiency of cricket teams in the Indian Premier League. Taking the data for the 2009 season, the input used by the teams is ap...In this paper, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we have measured the technical efficiency of cricket teams in the Indian Premier League. Taking the data for the 2009 season, the input used by the teams is approached by the total expenses which include players’ wage bill and wage of the support staff and other miscellaneous expenses. Output is measured by the points awarded, net run rate, profit and revenues. Efficiency scores are highly correlated with the performance in the league with a few exception, and when decomposing inefficiency into technical inefficiency and scale inefficiency it can be shown that the largest part of inefficiency can be explained by suboptimal scale of production and ineffficient transformation of inputs into outputs.展开更多
Sports analytics have benefited immensely from the growth and popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning.These techniques enable sports analysts to evaluate player performance more effectively.A litera...Sports analytics have benefited immensely from the growth and popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning.These techniques enable sports analysts to evaluate player performance more effectively.A literature review of player performance evaluation methods shows the need to develop a new performance evaluation index for Twenty20(T20)cricket.A novel framework was proposed to evaluate batsman strength based on individual performance,role in the team,and team interactions.Traditionally,proposed ranking systems are derived from static networks,that is,the aggregation of game results over time.However,the scores of the players(or teams)fluctuate over time.Intuitively,defeating a renowned player during peak performance is more rewarding than defeating the same player during other periods.To account for this,we propose a new method and apply it to the T20 format Indian Premier League.The method serves three main purposes:First,it creates a new performance index for players to rank them more accurately and effectively.Second,the players are clustered based on their expertise.In the third phase,a social network analysis approach is applied to visualize and analyze crickets as a network to gain better insights into players’team interactions.This novel approach is a helpful index for sports coaches,analysts,cricket fans,and managers to evaluate player performance and rank for future aspects.展开更多
Time：September 11-15,2016Venue：Prague,Czech RepublicEmail：prague@epilepsycongress.orgWebsite：http：//www.epilepsyprague2016.orgThe 12th European Congress on Epileptology（ECE）will take place in Prague,Czech Repub...Time：September 11-15,2016Venue：Prague,Czech RepublicEmail：prague@epilepsycongress.orgWebsite：http：//www.epilepsyprague2016.orgThe 12th European Congress on Epileptology（ECE）will take place in Prague,Czech Republic on September 11-15,2016.The congress is now a landmark in the epilepsy community agenda and the Prague 2016 promises to be innovative and engaging.展开更多
The ulnar collateral ligament(UCL) is a vital structure to the overhead athlete,especially the baseball pitcher.For reasons not completely understood,UCL injurieshave become increasingly more common in major league ba...The ulnar collateral ligament(UCL) is a vital structure to the overhead athlete,especially the baseball pitcher.For reasons not completely understood,UCL injurieshave become increasingly more common in major league baseball(MLB) pitchers over the past 10 years.UCL reconstruction(UCLR) is the current gold standard of treatment for these injuries in MLB pitchers who wish to return to sport(RTS) at a high level and who have failed a course of non-operative treatment.Results following UCLR in MLB pitchers have been encouraging,with multiple RTS rates now cited at greater than 80%.Unfortunately,with the rising number of UCLR,there has also been a spike in the number of revision UCLR in MLB pitchers.Similar to primary UCLR,the etiology of the increase in revision UCLR,aside from an increase in the number of pitchers who have undergone a primary UCLR,remains elusive.The current literature has attempted to address several questions including those surrounding surgical technique(method of exposure,graft choice,management of the ulnar nerve,concomitant elbow arthroscopy,etc.),post-operative rehabilitation strategies,and timing of RTS following UCLR.While some questions have been answered,many remain unknown.The literature surrounding UCLR in MLB pitchers will be reviewed,and future directions regarding this injury in these high level athletes will be discussed.展开更多
China’s senior leader DengXiaoping told visiting RomanianPresident Nicolae Ceausescu onOctober 17 in Beijing that aSino-Soviet summit might takeplace next year.The Philippines and the UnitedStates signed an agreement...China’s senior leader DengXiaoping told visiting RomanianPresident Nicolae Ceausescu onOctober 17 in Beijing that aSino-Soviet summit might takeplace next year.The Philippines and the UnitedStates signed an agreement inWashington on October 17 whichallowed the United States tomaintain its military bases inthe Philippines until 1991 inreturn for 962 million US dollarAmerican aid over the final twoyears of the pact.展开更多
In october 26,1989,Professor Fu Beibing died of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with acute exacerbation at 4:08 p. m.,at the age of 78. Professor Fu had been one of the most distinguished Chinese surgeons of this era. He...In october 26,1989,Professor Fu Beibing died of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with acute exacerbation at 4:08 p. m.,at the age of 78. Professor Fu had been one of the most distinguished Chinese surgeons of this era. He served succesively as the surgeon in-chief and chairman of展开更多
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries represent detrimental injuries in the National Football League(NFL).A significant portion of these injuries often occur in preseason exhibitions.The Coronavirus disea...BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries represent detrimental injuries in the National Football League(NFL).A significant portion of these injuries often occur in preseason exhibitions.The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic presented a unique disruption to preseason NFL football with the cancelation of all preseason games.AIM To compare the incidence of ACL tears through the first eight weeks of the NFL season in 2020 to the mean incidence over the previous 5 seasons(2015-2019)and determine if there was any change in incidence with the elimination of the preseason.METHODS NFL players who suffered ACL tears during the preseason and first eight weeks of the NFL season from 2015-2020 were identified.The number of ACL injuries for the 2015-2019 seasons was compared to the 2020 season for four different timeframes.For each analysis,the cumulative number of ACL injuries to that time point was used to calculate the percent difference for descriptive analysis.Additionally,the number of teams with at least one player suffering an ACL tear were identified and compared using Chi-Squared testing.Finally,a cumulative relative risk was calculated for each week played.RESULTS There were 14 ACL tears through the first four games of the 2020 season,a 118.8%(14 vs 6.4)increase in comparison to the 5-year average over the first 4 regular season weeks of 2015-2019.However,when accounting for injuries occurring during the preseason from 2015-2019,there were 18.6%(14 vs 17.2)fewer total ACL injuries through regular season week 4 with no significant difference in percentage of teams impacted when these preseason injuries were accounted for P=0.394.Results were similar(19 vs 17.2)over 8 total games played(whether regular season or preseason),and over 8 regular season games(P=0.196,P=0.600).CONCLUSION The elimination of the NFL preseason resulted in a higher rate of injuries during the first 4 games of the regular season.However,these increases are offset by the injuries typically sustained during the preseason.This suggests there may be front-loading of injuries over the course of an NFL season,such that players may be more prone to injury when the intensity of play suddenly increases,whether in the preseason or regular season.展开更多
The authors use data from fight logs during the 2016-2017 regular National Hockey League (NHL) season to test for a difference in the proportion of games with and without fights for each of the thirty NHL teams. Only ...The authors use data from fight logs during the 2016-2017 regular National Hockey League (NHL) season to test for a difference in the proportion of games with and without fights for each of the thirty NHL teams. Only one team (Toronto Maple Leafs) was more likely to be involved in a fight at a home game than at an away game. Teams that fought proportionally more often in the second half of the season made the playoffs;teams that fought significantly less often did not. And, long distance air travel (flights involving more than 1000 miles or trips that required crossing at least one time zone) resulted in disproportionately more games with fights for eight different NHL teams.展开更多
文摘Reading Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea was an exciting journey for me.The novel tells the story of Professor Aronnax,his servant Conseil,and the harpooner(捕鲸人)Ned Land,who are taken captive by the mysterious Captain Nemo aboard his advanced submarine,the Nautilus.As I followed their underwater adventures,I was amazed by Vernes detailed descriptions of the ocean and its creatures,which made the story come alive.
文摘The Chinese Football Association Super League （CSL） has broken yet another record. Indeed, the league＇s record recruitment budget of 388 million euros （$342.76 million） yeas broken this season. In 2018, more than 470 million euros （$415.19 million） have been spent on retaining the best football stars that have come to China in recent years, as well as on attracting even more talented footballers.
文摘1 With no famous coaches and only a small number of professional players,an amateur soccer league in Jiangsu Province has caught people's attention,mostly because of local fans'great passion and humorous talk.
文摘Objective As the core unit of the limbic system,the hippocampus is involved in the regulation of higher neural activity by integrating emotional encoding and memory storage functions.In the pathological process of epilepsy,structural remodeling and functional disorders in this region have become the focus of research,and the existing evidence mostly focuses on hippocampal sclerosis,a typical neurodegenerative change.However,there is still a lack of systematic analysis of the pathological subtypes under the International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE)classification system in cross-scale molecular events such as epigenetic regulation and microbiome-brain axis.By integrating clinical cohort data and experimental model evidence,this article focuses on the association characteristics between hippocampal sclerosis subtypes and seizure patterns,and reveals the formation of abnormal hippocampal network and the cascading effect of abnormal hippocampus-related neurotransmitters in the formation of epileptogenic network.The study found that specific pathological subtypes showed a significant correspondence with seizure frequency and drug sensitivity,suggesting that hippocampal sclerosis drives epilepsy progression through multidimensional molecular events.In the future,it is necessary to combine spatial transcriptome and targeted metabolomics technology to analyze the cell interaction network in the hippocampal microenvironment,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of subtype-specific antiepileptic strategies.
文摘Three market forces play into the hands of American professional sports franchises, which are leagues, cities and monopoly power. In consideration of the American professional franchises, this paper studies how teams exploit the three market forces and achieve the optimal revenue.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC0500201,2016YFC0501001)the Key Laboratory Cooperative Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601036)。
文摘The research on ecosystem service values(ESVs)estimation in arid region is weak.We took the Alxa League of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,an extreme arid region,as an example and constructed an equivalent coefficient method to assess its ESVs from 1975 to 2015,by determining the standard unit of ESVs and the basic equivalent of the value of different ecosystem services per unit area based on the regional characteristics,literature research,expert knowledge and land use data.The results show that the ESVs first decreased from 83170.4 million yuan(RMB)in 1975 to 82337.8 million yuan(RMB)in 2000 and then increased to84033.6 million yuan(RMB)in 2015,and the ESV of sparse grassland and desert account for about 33%and 29%of the total ESVs,respectively.Among the four service types,the regulating services,support services,supply services and cultural services account for66.5%,22.8%,6.0%and 4.7%,respectively.The changes of ESVs in Alxa League are determined by the socio-economic development and ecological changes.This study provides a new method to estimate the ESVs in arid region by integrating existing methods and regional characteristics,such as the cost of water for arid ecosystems.
文摘This paper introduces Soccer League Competition (SLC) algorithm as a new optimization technique for solving nonlinear systems of equations. Fundamental ideas of the method are inspired from soccer leagues and based on the competitions among teams and players. Like other meta-heuristic methods, the proposed technique starts with an initial population. Population individuals called players are in two types: fixed players and substitutes that all together form some teams. The competition among teams to take the possession of the top ranked positions in the league table and the internal competitions between players in each team for personal improvements results in the convergence of population individuals to the global optimum. Results of applying the proposed algorithm in solving nonlinear systems of equations demonstrate that SLC converges to the answer more accurately and rapidly in comparison with other Meta-heuristic and Newton-type methods.
文摘In this paper, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we have measured the technical efficiency of cricket teams in the Indian Premier League. Taking the data for the 2009 season, the input used by the teams is approached by the total expenses which include players’ wage bill and wage of the support staff and other miscellaneous expenses. Output is measured by the points awarded, net run rate, profit and revenues. Efficiency scores are highly correlated with the performance in the league with a few exception, and when decomposing inefficiency into technical inefficiency and scale inefficiency it can be shown that the largest part of inefficiency can be explained by suboptimal scale of production and ineffficient transformation of inputs into outputs.
文摘Sports analytics have benefited immensely from the growth and popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning.These techniques enable sports analysts to evaluate player performance more effectively.A literature review of player performance evaluation methods shows the need to develop a new performance evaluation index for Twenty20(T20)cricket.A novel framework was proposed to evaluate batsman strength based on individual performance,role in the team,and team interactions.Traditionally,proposed ranking systems are derived from static networks,that is,the aggregation of game results over time.However,the scores of the players(or teams)fluctuate over time.Intuitively,defeating a renowned player during peak performance is more rewarding than defeating the same player during other periods.To account for this,we propose a new method and apply it to the T20 format Indian Premier League.The method serves three main purposes:First,it creates a new performance index for players to rank them more accurately and effectively.Second,the players are clustered based on their expertise.In the third phase,a social network analysis approach is applied to visualize and analyze crickets as a network to gain better insights into players’team interactions.This novel approach is a helpful index for sports coaches,analysts,cricket fans,and managers to evaluate player performance and rank for future aspects.
文摘Time：September 11-15,2016Venue：Prague,Czech RepublicEmail：prague@epilepsycongress.orgWebsite：http：//www.epilepsyprague2016.orgThe 12th European Congress on Epileptology（ECE）will take place in Prague,Czech Republic on September 11-15,2016.The congress is now a landmark in the epilepsy community agenda and the Prague 2016 promises to be innovative and engaging.
文摘The ulnar collateral ligament(UCL) is a vital structure to the overhead athlete,especially the baseball pitcher.For reasons not completely understood,UCL injurieshave become increasingly more common in major league baseball(MLB) pitchers over the past 10 years.UCL reconstruction(UCLR) is the current gold standard of treatment for these injuries in MLB pitchers who wish to return to sport(RTS) at a high level and who have failed a course of non-operative treatment.Results following UCLR in MLB pitchers have been encouraging,with multiple RTS rates now cited at greater than 80%.Unfortunately,with the rising number of UCLR,there has also been a spike in the number of revision UCLR in MLB pitchers.Similar to primary UCLR,the etiology of the increase in revision UCLR,aside from an increase in the number of pitchers who have undergone a primary UCLR,remains elusive.The current literature has attempted to address several questions including those surrounding surgical technique(method of exposure,graft choice,management of the ulnar nerve,concomitant elbow arthroscopy,etc.),post-operative rehabilitation strategies,and timing of RTS following UCLR.While some questions have been answered,many remain unknown.The literature surrounding UCLR in MLB pitchers will be reviewed,and future directions regarding this injury in these high level athletes will be discussed.
文摘China’s senior leader DengXiaoping told visiting RomanianPresident Nicolae Ceausescu onOctober 17 in Beijing that aSino-Soviet summit might takeplace next year.The Philippines and the UnitedStates signed an agreement inWashington on October 17 whichallowed the United States tomaintain its military bases inthe Philippines until 1991 inreturn for 962 million US dollarAmerican aid over the final twoyears of the pact.
文摘In october 26,1989,Professor Fu Beibing died of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with acute exacerbation at 4:08 p. m.,at the age of 78. Professor Fu had been one of the most distinguished Chinese surgeons of this era. He served succesively as the surgeon in-chief and chairman of
文摘BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries represent detrimental injuries in the National Football League(NFL).A significant portion of these injuries often occur in preseason exhibitions.The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic presented a unique disruption to preseason NFL football with the cancelation of all preseason games.AIM To compare the incidence of ACL tears through the first eight weeks of the NFL season in 2020 to the mean incidence over the previous 5 seasons(2015-2019)and determine if there was any change in incidence with the elimination of the preseason.METHODS NFL players who suffered ACL tears during the preseason and first eight weeks of the NFL season from 2015-2020 were identified.The number of ACL injuries for the 2015-2019 seasons was compared to the 2020 season for four different timeframes.For each analysis,the cumulative number of ACL injuries to that time point was used to calculate the percent difference for descriptive analysis.Additionally,the number of teams with at least one player suffering an ACL tear were identified and compared using Chi-Squared testing.Finally,a cumulative relative risk was calculated for each week played.RESULTS There were 14 ACL tears through the first four games of the 2020 season,a 118.8%(14 vs 6.4)increase in comparison to the 5-year average over the first 4 regular season weeks of 2015-2019.However,when accounting for injuries occurring during the preseason from 2015-2019,there were 18.6%(14 vs 17.2)fewer total ACL injuries through regular season week 4 with no significant difference in percentage of teams impacted when these preseason injuries were accounted for P=0.394.Results were similar(19 vs 17.2)over 8 total games played(whether regular season or preseason),and over 8 regular season games(P=0.196,P=0.600).CONCLUSION The elimination of the NFL preseason resulted in a higher rate of injuries during the first 4 games of the regular season.However,these increases are offset by the injuries typically sustained during the preseason.This suggests there may be front-loading of injuries over the course of an NFL season,such that players may be more prone to injury when the intensity of play suddenly increases,whether in the preseason or regular season.
文摘The authors use data from fight logs during the 2016-2017 regular National Hockey League (NHL) season to test for a difference in the proportion of games with and without fights for each of the thirty NHL teams. Only one team (Toronto Maple Leafs) was more likely to be involved in a fight at a home game than at an away game. Teams that fought proportionally more often in the second half of the season made the playoffs;teams that fought significantly less often did not. And, long distance air travel (flights involving more than 1000 miles or trips that required crossing at least one time zone) resulted in disproportionately more games with fights for eight different NHL teams.
