Rubber leaf powder （an agricultural waste） was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactio...Rubber leaf powder （an agricultural waste） was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb（II） ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDX）. The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb（II） ions （23 mg/L） could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time （60-90 min） was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.展开更多
Nickel is a heavy metal which has the potential threaten to human＇s health and attracts public concern recently. The carbonized leaf powder is expected as suitable adsorbent for Ni（II） removal became of the composi...Nickel is a heavy metal which has the potential threaten to human＇s health and attracts public concern recently. The carbonized leaf powder is expected as suitable adsorbent for Ni（II） removal became of the composition of some beneficial groups. In this work, carbonized leaf powder was evaluated for its adsorption performance towards Ni（II）. According to the results, adsorbent component, dosage, initial solute concentration, solution pH, temperature and contact time can significantly affect the efficiency of Ni（II） removal. Sips model fits the test results best, and the adsorption capacity towards Ni（II） is determined around 37.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic behaviors reveal the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The free adsorption energy （fluctuate around 8 kJ/mol） predicted by D-R model indicates that the adsorption capacity originated from both physical and chemical adsorption. Room temperature （15-25 ℃） is suitable for Ni（II） removal as well as low energy consumption for temperature enhancement. Further conclusions about the mechanism of chemical adsorption are obtained through analysis of the FT-IR test and XRD spectra, which indicates that the adsorption process occurs predominantly between amine, carbonate, phosphate and nickel ions.展开更多
Background:Heat stress(HS)disrupts the gut barrier allowing the uptake of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and leads to an inflammatory response and changes in gut microbiota composition.Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP)has be...Background:Heat stress(HS)disrupts the gut barrier allowing the uptake of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and leads to an inflammatory response and changes in gut microbiota composition.Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP)has been proposed to combat HS,yet its alleviate role is currently under investigation.The current study investigated the effects of chronic HS and MOLP supplementation on changes in redox status and immune response of cecal mucosa along with alteration in cecal microbiota.Methods:A total of 21 young New Zealand White(NZW)rabbits(male)about 32 weeks old(mean body weight of 3318±171 g)reared on a commercial pelleted diet were employed;divided into three groups(n=7):control(CON,25°C),heat stress(HS,35°C for 7 h daily),and HS supplemented orally with MOLP(HSM,35°C)at 200 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks.Results:The results demonstrated that MOLP supplementation increased organ index of cecal tissue compared with the HS group(P>0.05).Levels of malonaldehyde(MDA)and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)as well as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were reduced in the cecal mucosa of the HSM group compared with the HS group.MOLP downregulated the contents of cecal mucosa LPS,several inflammatory markers(TNF-α/IL-1α/IL-1β),and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the HSM group(P<0.05).Secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)was increased in the HSM group compared with the HS group(P<0.05).The transcriptome of cecal mucosa showed that MOLP reduced gene expression relative to several immune factors,including IL-10,IFNG,and RLA,whereas both HS and MOLP increased the gene expression of fat digestion and absorption pathway,including APOA1,FABP1,FABP2,MTTP,andLOC100344166,compared to the CON group(P<0.001).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased by HS,while Actinobacteria was significantly increased by HSM compared to other groups(P<0.05).At genus level,Papillibacter was higher in abundance in HSM groups compared to CON and HS groups(P<0.05).Higher butyrate concentrations were observed in the HSM group than HS and CON groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,HS in growing rabbits resulted in alteration of cecal microbiota at phyla level as well as increased oxidative stress and expression of mucosal inflammatory genes.Whereas,oral MOLP supplementation elevated the relative weight of cecum,affected their immunological and cecal micro-ecosystem function by improving antioxidant status and down-regulating mucosal tissue inflammatory response.展开更多
Nutritional evaluation of complementary food formulations from maize, soybean and peanut fortified with Moringa oleifera leaf powder was carried out. Maize, soybean and peanut were blended in a ratio of 60:30:10 to pr...Nutritional evaluation of complementary food formulations from maize, soybean and peanut fortified with Moringa oleifera leaf powder was carried out. Maize, soybean and peanut were blended in a ratio of 60:30:10 to produce a complementary food, which was then fortified. While the unfortified food product (sample A) served as control, the other three formulations were fortified with 5%, 10% and 15% Moringa leaf powder to give three samples (B, C and D respectively) of fortified food. Nutritional composition determination and feeding trials were then carried out, using two weeks old male albino rats to determine the performance of the food formulations. While the crude protein, crude fibre, and ash contents of the diets increased significantly (p with fortification, with values ranging from 16.04% to 17.59%, 2.25% to 4.42% and 1.40% to 2.50% respectively, crude fat and carbohydrate decreased significantly (p < 0.05), with concomitant decrease in energy, with values ranging from 23.48% to 20.80%, 49.32% to 47.63% and 472.76% to 448.08 kcal/100g respectively in samples A to D. PER values significantly (p < 0.05) improved up to 10% substitution, from 1.77 in unfortified (sample A) to 1.90 in 10% fortified (sample C), but declined at 15% substitution (sample D) to 1.69. Similarly, NPR values increased from 0.71 to 0.76 and 0.68. However, all the PER values including that of Nestle Cerelac (2.04) were lower than, though within the same range, with the value of 2.10 recommended by the Protein Advisory Group (PAG) for complementary foods. Sample C (10% Moringa flour blend) gave the best performance after rat feeding trials.展开更多
The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95%...The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95% wheat flour supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder respectively. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30℃± 1℃) and analysed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly (p % to 3.28%), ash (1.10% to 1.65%), protein (9.07% to 13.97%), and ether extract (1.51% to 2.59%), while decreasing moisture content (35.20% to 27.65%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly (p cm3, 32.32 to 25.65 g, 7.00 to 5.83 cm and 4.70 to 2.65 cm3/g respectively, while the loaf weight increased from 169.20 to 185.86 g. There was a significant (p mg/100g and 0.02 to 3.27 mg/100g respectively, while Iron (Fe) and Cupper (Cu) contents decreased from 2.74 to 1.25 mg/100g and 2.26 to 0.03 mg/100g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significant (p Moringa supplementation. This implies that despite the high nutrient content of Moringa oleifera powder, it is not a good substitute for wheat in bread production due to its physical characteristics and sensory attributes.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the biosorption potential of Na2CO3-modified Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) leaf (MABL) powder for removal of Ni(II) ions from a synthetic aqueous solution. Effects of various proc...This study aimed to investigate the biosorption potential of Na2CO3-modified Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) leaf (MABL) powder for removal of Ni(II) ions from a synthetic aqueous solution. Effects of various process parameters (pH, equilibrium time, and temperature) were investigated in order to optimize the biosorptive removal. The maximum biosorption capacity of MABL was observed to be 28.986 mg/g at a temperature of 303 K, a biosorbent dose of 0.6 g, a contact time of 90 min, and a pH value of 7. Different kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models) were evaluated. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be the best fitted model in this study, with a coefficient of determination of R^2 =0.974. Five different isotherm models (the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models) were investigated to identify the best-suited isotherm model for the present system. Based on the minimum chi-square value (X^2 =0.027) and the maximum coefficient of determination (R^2 =0.996), the Langmuir isotherm model was found to represent the system well, indicating the possibility of monolayer biosorption. The sticking probability (S*) was found to be 0.41, suggesting a physisorption mechanism for biosorption of Ni(II) on MABL. The biosorbent was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and BET surface area, in order to understand its morphological and functional characteristics.展开更多
This study sought to determine the effects of rosemary leaf powder(RP)on laying performance,egg quality,serum indices,gut barrier function,and cecal microbiota and metabolites of late-phase laying hens.A total of 84&q...This study sought to determine the effects of rosemary leaf powder(RP)on laying performance,egg quality,serum indices,gut barrier function,and cecal microbiota and metabolites of late-phase laying hens.A total of 84"Jing Tint 6"laying hens at 65-week old were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a basal diet(CON)or a basal diet supplemented with 0.3%RP.Our study revealed that RP improved the Haugh unit and decreased yolk n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)ratio of laying hens,increased serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),jejunal activities of SOD and catalase(CAT),and jejunal zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)expression,as well as decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)level and jejunal TNF-αmRNA expression.Rosemary leaf powder markedly enhanced(P<0.05)cecal abun-dances of Rikenellaceae,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,and Turicibacter,tended to promote(P=0.076)butyrate concentration,and reduced(P<0.05)cecal abundances of Erysipelatoclostridiaceae,Sutter-ellaceae,Fusobacteriaceae,Campylobacteraceae,Sutterella,Campylobacter,and Fusobacterium,which were closely linked with Haugh unit,yolk n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio,serum SOD and TNF-α.In addition,RP altered the metabolic functions of cecal microbiota and enhanced the abundances of butyrate-synthesizing enzymes,including lysine 2,3-aminomutase,β-lysine 5,6-aminomutase,and 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase.Together,0.3%RP has the potential to enhance egg quality by partially modulating serum antioxidant status,jejunal barrier function,and cecal microbiota structure and metabolites,indicating that RP could be considered a promising feed additive to promote the production performance of late-phase laying hens.展开更多
According to the proportion of 1:1, konjac flour and mulberry leaf powder are compounded into a kind of dietary fiber source(KMCP). It is found to be good for anti-inflammation. However, its precise anti-allergic rhin...According to the proportion of 1:1, konjac flour and mulberry leaf powder are compounded into a kind of dietary fiber source(KMCP). It is found to be good for anti-inflammation. However, its precise anti-allergic rhinitis effect and mechanism remain unknown. In our work, the effect of KMCP on allergic rhinitis(AR)induced by ovalbumin(OVA)was investigated. We found that the number of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the eosinophil(EOS)count in the nasal mucosa, and the serum levels of histamine(HIS), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E(OVA-sIgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4)were decreased, and the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were inhibited. Additionally, the experiments further proved that the KMCP treatment could exert substantial effects on short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)metabolism in the cecum as well. Overall findings suggest that KMCP could suppress the inflammatory response in AR mice, and serve as a novel curative therapeutic for AR without side effects.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(Yinxingmihuan Koufu Rongye,YXMH),a representative drug for"Treating both Brain and Heart",showed considerable clinical effects in isch⁃...OBJECTIVE The Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(Yinxingmihuan Koufu Rongye,YXMH),a representative drug for"Treating both Brain and Heart",showed considerable clinical effects in isch⁃emic cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases.Recently,it is reported that YXMH has the potential for treating myocardial and cerebral ischemia related mental disorders,such as post stroke depression(PSD)and chronic heart disease(CHD)associated anxiety disorder.However,its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated.Meanwhile,increasing evidence revealed that there are close functional links between depression and habenular nucleus.The present study investigates the underlying mechanism of YXMH on attenuating the inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in in a rat model of PSD.METHODS Rats were randomly devided into sham group,model group,Ginaton group(18 mg·kg^-1),Armillariella Mellea group(600 mg·kg-1),Fluoxetine group(10 mg·kg^-1),YXMH high-dose group(618 mg·kg^-1)and YXMH low-dose group(309 mg·kg^-1).The PSD model was induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation(2-Chloro-D-phenylalanine,PCPA,IH,200 mg·kg^-1,for 3 times,before the behavior test)in SD male rats.Then rats were treated with corresponding medicaments through gavage once a day until 3 weeks later,followed by body mass measurement,neurological deficit score evaluation,gripping strength and thermal withdrawl latency measurement,as well as depression related behavioral indicators,the open field test(OFT)and sucrose preference test.The pathological morphological changes of habenular nucleus was observed by HE staining,the expression of IBA-1 was measured and analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining,and alterations of proteins and genes related to the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis were analyzed using Western blotting(CX3CL1,CX3CR1)and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(CX3CL1,CX3CR1).RESULTS Compared with the sham group,rats in the model group manifested as decreased body mass,deficient neurological behavior and gripping strength,reduced loco⁃motor activity and sugar water consumption,as well as elevated thermal withdrawl latency(P<0.05,P<0.01).Mean⁃while,the pathological morphology of the habenular nucleus on the ischemic hemisphere showed significant neuronal degeneration,microglial proliferation,inflammatory cells and glia cells infiltration,together with up-regualted expression of IBA-1,CX3CL1,CX3CR1 protein and CX3CL1,CX3CR1 mRNA.YXMH attenuated inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through improving pathological morphology,inhibiting IBA-1 activation,down-regulating the expres⁃sion of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 proteins and genes,and thus improved the behavior performance of ischemic injury and depression.CONCLUSION YXMH ameliorates neurological deficit and depressive behavior in rat model of PSD induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation,and the mechanism is probably related to attenu⁃ating inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the effect of the age of the leaves and fermentation on in vitro protein digestibility and biochemical properties of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera. A 6 × 2 × 2 fac...This study was carried out to determine the effect of the age of the leaves and fermentation on in vitro protein digestibility and biochemical properties of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera. A 6 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two ages of the leaves (one and seven-month-old leaves), six times of fermentation and two fermentation temperatures was used for this purpose. One and seven-month-old fresh leaves were dried at 45 ℃ for 24 h, crushed to 1000 μm then fermented at 30℃ and 37℃ for 120 hours with Lactobacillus plantarum A6 at 108 CFU/g. Samples were withdrawn every 24 hours for physico-chemical analyses. Results showed that 7 month-old leaves were richer in iron, proteins, polyphenols and phytates than one month old leaves. The phytates content dropped from 66.92% and 61.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and from 54.15% and 67.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 30℃. Protein content increased by 26.34% and 24.48% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and by 13.06% and 13.97% for the 1and 7month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. Iron availability increased from 35.97% to 40.57% and 20.74% to 30.98% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 37℃ and from 35.97% to 39.79% and 20.76% to 23.72% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. There was a negative correlation between pH, total and reducing sugar contents, time as well as fermentation temperature, whereas there was a positive correlation between total protein content and pepsic digestibility of protein and fermentation time. From these results, fermentation of M. oleifera leaf powder by Lactobacillus plantarum A6 increases protein content, pepsic digestibility of protein and availability of iron and reduces the phytates content of these powders.展开更多
基金the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education for providing financial support(No.011000070004)
文摘Rubber leaf powder （an agricultural waste） was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb（II） ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDX）. The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb（II） ions （23 mg/L） could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time （60-90 min） was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.
基金Projects(5117916851308310)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(LQ13E080007)supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘Nickel is a heavy metal which has the potential threaten to human＇s health and attracts public concern recently. The carbonized leaf powder is expected as suitable adsorbent for Ni（II） removal became of the composition of some beneficial groups. In this work, carbonized leaf powder was evaluated for its adsorption performance towards Ni（II）. According to the results, adsorbent component, dosage, initial solute concentration, solution pH, temperature and contact time can significantly affect the efficiency of Ni（II） removal. Sips model fits the test results best, and the adsorption capacity towards Ni（II） is determined around 37.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic behaviors reveal the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The free adsorption energy （fluctuate around 8 kJ/mol） predicted by D-R model indicates that the adsorption capacity originated from both physical and chemical adsorption. Room temperature （15-25 ℃） is suitable for Ni（II） removal as well as low energy consumption for temperature enhancement. Further conclusions about the mechanism of chemical adsorption are obtained through analysis of the FT-IR test and XRD spectra, which indicates that the adsorption process occurs predominantly between amine, carbonate, phosphate and nickel ions.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under grant 2013CB127301.
文摘Background:Heat stress(HS)disrupts the gut barrier allowing the uptake of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and leads to an inflammatory response and changes in gut microbiota composition.Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP)has been proposed to combat HS,yet its alleviate role is currently under investigation.The current study investigated the effects of chronic HS and MOLP supplementation on changes in redox status and immune response of cecal mucosa along with alteration in cecal microbiota.Methods:A total of 21 young New Zealand White(NZW)rabbits(male)about 32 weeks old(mean body weight of 3318±171 g)reared on a commercial pelleted diet were employed;divided into three groups(n=7):control(CON,25°C),heat stress(HS,35°C for 7 h daily),and HS supplemented orally with MOLP(HSM,35°C)at 200 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks.Results:The results demonstrated that MOLP supplementation increased organ index of cecal tissue compared with the HS group(P>0.05).Levels of malonaldehyde(MDA)and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)as well as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were reduced in the cecal mucosa of the HSM group compared with the HS group.MOLP downregulated the contents of cecal mucosa LPS,several inflammatory markers(TNF-α/IL-1α/IL-1β),and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the HSM group(P<0.05).Secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)was increased in the HSM group compared with the HS group(P<0.05).The transcriptome of cecal mucosa showed that MOLP reduced gene expression relative to several immune factors,including IL-10,IFNG,and RLA,whereas both HS and MOLP increased the gene expression of fat digestion and absorption pathway,including APOA1,FABP1,FABP2,MTTP,andLOC100344166,compared to the CON group(P<0.001).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased by HS,while Actinobacteria was significantly increased by HSM compared to other groups(P<0.05).At genus level,Papillibacter was higher in abundance in HSM groups compared to CON and HS groups(P<0.05).Higher butyrate concentrations were observed in the HSM group than HS and CON groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,HS in growing rabbits resulted in alteration of cecal microbiota at phyla level as well as increased oxidative stress and expression of mucosal inflammatory genes.Whereas,oral MOLP supplementation elevated the relative weight of cecum,affected their immunological and cecal micro-ecosystem function by improving antioxidant status and down-regulating mucosal tissue inflammatory response.
文摘Nutritional evaluation of complementary food formulations from maize, soybean and peanut fortified with Moringa oleifera leaf powder was carried out. Maize, soybean and peanut were blended in a ratio of 60:30:10 to produce a complementary food, which was then fortified. While the unfortified food product (sample A) served as control, the other three formulations were fortified with 5%, 10% and 15% Moringa leaf powder to give three samples (B, C and D respectively) of fortified food. Nutritional composition determination and feeding trials were then carried out, using two weeks old male albino rats to determine the performance of the food formulations. While the crude protein, crude fibre, and ash contents of the diets increased significantly (p with fortification, with values ranging from 16.04% to 17.59%, 2.25% to 4.42% and 1.40% to 2.50% respectively, crude fat and carbohydrate decreased significantly (p < 0.05), with concomitant decrease in energy, with values ranging from 23.48% to 20.80%, 49.32% to 47.63% and 472.76% to 448.08 kcal/100g respectively in samples A to D. PER values significantly (p < 0.05) improved up to 10% substitution, from 1.77 in unfortified (sample A) to 1.90 in 10% fortified (sample C), but declined at 15% substitution (sample D) to 1.69. Similarly, NPR values increased from 0.71 to 0.76 and 0.68. However, all the PER values including that of Nestle Cerelac (2.04) were lower than, though within the same range, with the value of 2.10 recommended by the Protein Advisory Group (PAG) for complementary foods. Sample C (10% Moringa flour blend) gave the best performance after rat feeding trials.
文摘The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95% wheat flour supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder respectively. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30℃± 1℃) and analysed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly (p % to 3.28%), ash (1.10% to 1.65%), protein (9.07% to 13.97%), and ether extract (1.51% to 2.59%), while decreasing moisture content (35.20% to 27.65%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly (p cm3, 32.32 to 25.65 g, 7.00 to 5.83 cm and 4.70 to 2.65 cm3/g respectively, while the loaf weight increased from 169.20 to 185.86 g. There was a significant (p mg/100g and 0.02 to 3.27 mg/100g respectively, while Iron (Fe) and Cupper (Cu) contents decreased from 2.74 to 1.25 mg/100g and 2.26 to 0.03 mg/100g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significant (p Moringa supplementation. This implies that despite the high nutrient content of Moringa oleifera powder, it is not a good substitute for wheat in bread production due to its physical characteristics and sensory attributes.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the biosorption potential of Na2CO3-modified Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) leaf (MABL) powder for removal of Ni(II) ions from a synthetic aqueous solution. Effects of various process parameters (pH, equilibrium time, and temperature) were investigated in order to optimize the biosorptive removal. The maximum biosorption capacity of MABL was observed to be 28.986 mg/g at a temperature of 303 K, a biosorbent dose of 0.6 g, a contact time of 90 min, and a pH value of 7. Different kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models) were evaluated. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be the best fitted model in this study, with a coefficient of determination of R^2 =0.974. Five different isotherm models (the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models) were investigated to identify the best-suited isotherm model for the present system. Based on the minimum chi-square value (X^2 =0.027) and the maximum coefficient of determination (R^2 =0.996), the Langmuir isotherm model was found to represent the system well, indicating the possibility of monolayer biosorption. The sticking probability (S*) was found to be 0.41, suggesting a physisorption mechanism for biosorption of Ni(II) on MABL. The biosorbent was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and BET surface area, in order to understand its morphological and functional characteristics.
基金funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723370)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080603)support of Gu'an Songhe Poultry Breeding Co.,Ltd.(Hebei China).
文摘This study sought to determine the effects of rosemary leaf powder(RP)on laying performance,egg quality,serum indices,gut barrier function,and cecal microbiota and metabolites of late-phase laying hens.A total of 84"Jing Tint 6"laying hens at 65-week old were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a basal diet(CON)or a basal diet supplemented with 0.3%RP.Our study revealed that RP improved the Haugh unit and decreased yolk n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)ratio of laying hens,increased serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),jejunal activities of SOD and catalase(CAT),and jejunal zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)expression,as well as decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)level and jejunal TNF-αmRNA expression.Rosemary leaf powder markedly enhanced(P<0.05)cecal abun-dances of Rikenellaceae,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,and Turicibacter,tended to promote(P=0.076)butyrate concentration,and reduced(P<0.05)cecal abundances of Erysipelatoclostridiaceae,Sutter-ellaceae,Fusobacteriaceae,Campylobacteraceae,Sutterella,Campylobacter,and Fusobacterium,which were closely linked with Haugh unit,yolk n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio,serum SOD and TNF-α.In addition,RP altered the metabolic functions of cecal microbiota and enhanced the abundances of butyrate-synthesizing enzymes,including lysine 2,3-aminomutase,β-lysine 5,6-aminomutase,and 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase.Together,0.3%RP has the potential to enhance egg quality by partially modulating serum antioxidant status,jejunal barrier function,and cecal microbiota structure and metabolites,indicating that RP could be considered a promising feed additive to promote the production performance of late-phase laying hens.
基金financially supported by Chongqing Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (S201910635126)approved by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Province-Level Municipality,China (cstc2018jcyjAX0527)。
文摘According to the proportion of 1:1, konjac flour and mulberry leaf powder are compounded into a kind of dietary fiber source(KMCP). It is found to be good for anti-inflammation. However, its precise anti-allergic rhinitis effect and mechanism remain unknown. In our work, the effect of KMCP on allergic rhinitis(AR)induced by ovalbumin(OVA)was investigated. We found that the number of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the eosinophil(EOS)count in the nasal mucosa, and the serum levels of histamine(HIS), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E(OVA-sIgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4)were decreased, and the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were inhibited. Additionally, the experiments further proved that the KMCP treatment could exert substantial effects on short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)metabolism in the cecum as well. Overall findings suggest that KMCP could suppress the inflammatory response in AR mice, and serve as a novel curative therapeutic for AR without side effects.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(8187304081403141)
文摘OBJECTIVE The Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(Yinxingmihuan Koufu Rongye,YXMH),a representative drug for"Treating both Brain and Heart",showed considerable clinical effects in isch⁃emic cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases.Recently,it is reported that YXMH has the potential for treating myocardial and cerebral ischemia related mental disorders,such as post stroke depression(PSD)and chronic heart disease(CHD)associated anxiety disorder.However,its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated.Meanwhile,increasing evidence revealed that there are close functional links between depression and habenular nucleus.The present study investigates the underlying mechanism of YXMH on attenuating the inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in in a rat model of PSD.METHODS Rats were randomly devided into sham group,model group,Ginaton group(18 mg·kg^-1),Armillariella Mellea group(600 mg·kg-1),Fluoxetine group(10 mg·kg^-1),YXMH high-dose group(618 mg·kg^-1)and YXMH low-dose group(309 mg·kg^-1).The PSD model was induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation(2-Chloro-D-phenylalanine,PCPA,IH,200 mg·kg^-1,for 3 times,before the behavior test)in SD male rats.Then rats were treated with corresponding medicaments through gavage once a day until 3 weeks later,followed by body mass measurement,neurological deficit score evaluation,gripping strength and thermal withdrawl latency measurement,as well as depression related behavioral indicators,the open field test(OFT)and sucrose preference test.The pathological morphological changes of habenular nucleus was observed by HE staining,the expression of IBA-1 was measured and analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining,and alterations of proteins and genes related to the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis were analyzed using Western blotting(CX3CL1,CX3CR1)and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(CX3CL1,CX3CR1).RESULTS Compared with the sham group,rats in the model group manifested as decreased body mass,deficient neurological behavior and gripping strength,reduced loco⁃motor activity and sugar water consumption,as well as elevated thermal withdrawl latency(P<0.05,P<0.01).Mean⁃while,the pathological morphology of the habenular nucleus on the ischemic hemisphere showed significant neuronal degeneration,microglial proliferation,inflammatory cells and glia cells infiltration,together with up-regualted expression of IBA-1,CX3CL1,CX3CR1 protein and CX3CL1,CX3CR1 mRNA.YXMH attenuated inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through improving pathological morphology,inhibiting IBA-1 activation,down-regulating the expres⁃sion of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 proteins and genes,and thus improved the behavior performance of ischemic injury and depression.CONCLUSION YXMH ameliorates neurological deficit and depressive behavior in rat model of PSD induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation,and the mechanism is probably related to attenu⁃ating inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis.
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of the age of the leaves and fermentation on in vitro protein digestibility and biochemical properties of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera. A 6 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two ages of the leaves (one and seven-month-old leaves), six times of fermentation and two fermentation temperatures was used for this purpose. One and seven-month-old fresh leaves were dried at 45 ℃ for 24 h, crushed to 1000 μm then fermented at 30℃ and 37℃ for 120 hours with Lactobacillus plantarum A6 at 108 CFU/g. Samples were withdrawn every 24 hours for physico-chemical analyses. Results showed that 7 month-old leaves were richer in iron, proteins, polyphenols and phytates than one month old leaves. The phytates content dropped from 66.92% and 61.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and from 54.15% and 67.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 30℃. Protein content increased by 26.34% and 24.48% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and by 13.06% and 13.97% for the 1and 7month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. Iron availability increased from 35.97% to 40.57% and 20.74% to 30.98% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 37℃ and from 35.97% to 39.79% and 20.76% to 23.72% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. There was a negative correlation between pH, total and reducing sugar contents, time as well as fermentation temperature, whereas there was a positive correlation between total protein content and pepsic digestibility of protein and fermentation time. From these results, fermentation of M. oleifera leaf powder by Lactobacillus plantarum A6 increases protein content, pepsic digestibility of protein and availability of iron and reduces the phytates content of these powders.
