The pattern of built heritage provides insights into spatial organisation principles,revealing recurring traits among buildings of a similar type.Such constructions illuminate how building components are aligned and i...The pattern of built heritage provides insights into spatial organisation principles,revealing recurring traits among buildings of a similar type.Such constructions illuminate how building components are aligned and interconnected to embody a unified design ethos.However,well-preserved instances of a sequential series of similar buildings that were built in the same period based on historical evidence are rarely located.Thus,the Sultani Mosques,a prominent collection of mosques built in Iran between 1806 and 1840 under King Fath-Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty’s auspices,are particularly noteworthy,attracting scholarly attention from figures such as Ritter,Hillenbrand,and Scarce for their distinctive spatial organisation of architectural elements such as iwans,domes,naves,and courtyards.To comprehensively study the shared spatial organisation concept within these mosques through a comparative study,this research aimed to verify the spatial layout using analytical techniques such as space syntax and layout-based justified graphs.By juxtaposing these graphs and depth values,this research elucidated the spatial integration and privacy delineation within these religious structures.Moreover,an examination of layout-based graphs and immersive three-dimensional assessments reinforced and confirmed the prevailing layout configuration.The research findings reveal a cohesive architectural concept in Sultani mosques,as multifaceted accessibility was emphasised,and spatial layouts were structured to facilitate movement and interactions.Qajar architects likely established a consistent design approach across these mosques,integrating essential elements while accommodating educational spaces.When schools were included,courtyard dynamics were reshaped,which impacted spatial connections and access routes.Variations in building division configurations,vault spans,and spatial relations tailored to local contexts highlight the unique design and spatial value of each mosque.Preserving these spatial relationships in restoration efforts is crucial for maintaining the intrinsic spatial language and historical design significance of these mosques.展开更多
A novel scalable model for multi-finger RF MOSFETs modeling is presented.All the parasitic components, including gate resistance,substrate resistance and wiring capacitance,are directly determined from the layout.This...A novel scalable model for multi-finger RF MOSFETs modeling is presented.All the parasitic components, including gate resistance,substrate resistance and wiring capacitance,are directly determined from the layout.This model is further verified using a standard 0.13μm RF CMOS process with nMOSFETs of different numbers of gate fingers,with the per gate width fixed at 2.5μm and the gate length at 0.13μm.Excellent agreement between measured and simulated S-parameters from 100 MHz to 20 GHz demonstrate the validity of this model.展开更多
文摘The pattern of built heritage provides insights into spatial organisation principles,revealing recurring traits among buildings of a similar type.Such constructions illuminate how building components are aligned and interconnected to embody a unified design ethos.However,well-preserved instances of a sequential series of similar buildings that were built in the same period based on historical evidence are rarely located.Thus,the Sultani Mosques,a prominent collection of mosques built in Iran between 1806 and 1840 under King Fath-Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty’s auspices,are particularly noteworthy,attracting scholarly attention from figures such as Ritter,Hillenbrand,and Scarce for their distinctive spatial organisation of architectural elements such as iwans,domes,naves,and courtyards.To comprehensively study the shared spatial organisation concept within these mosques through a comparative study,this research aimed to verify the spatial layout using analytical techniques such as space syntax and layout-based justified graphs.By juxtaposing these graphs and depth values,this research elucidated the spatial integration and privacy delineation within these religious structures.Moreover,an examination of layout-based graphs and immersive three-dimensional assessments reinforced and confirmed the prevailing layout configuration.The research findings reveal a cohesive architectural concept in Sultani mosques,as multifaceted accessibility was emphasised,and spatial layouts were structured to facilitate movement and interactions.Qajar architects likely established a consistent design approach across these mosques,integrating essential elements while accommodating educational spaces.When schools were included,courtyard dynamics were reshaped,which impacted spatial connections and access routes.Variations in building division configurations,vault spans,and spatial relations tailored to local contexts highlight the unique design and spatial value of each mosque.Preserving these spatial relationships in restoration efforts is crucial for maintaining the intrinsic spatial language and historical design significance of these mosques.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60706002)the Scientific and Technologic Cooperation Foundation of the Yangtze River Delta Area of China(Nos.08515810103,2008C16017)
文摘A novel scalable model for multi-finger RF MOSFETs modeling is presented.All the parasitic components, including gate resistance,substrate resistance and wiring capacitance,are directly determined from the layout.This model is further verified using a standard 0.13μm RF CMOS process with nMOSFETs of different numbers of gate fingers,with the per gate width fixed at 2.5μm and the gate length at 0.13μm.Excellent agreement between measured and simulated S-parameters from 100 MHz to 20 GHz demonstrate the validity of this model.
