This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical...This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical-legal analysis of key legislation,policies,and judicial interpretations,the research demonstrates how colonial border regulations-primarily designed for imperial control-have been selectively preserved,modified,or replaced to serve post-independence imperatives.Findings reveal that 62%of colonial border management mechanisms persisted verbatim in post-colonial legislation,while regional variations created overlapping“legal border zones”with differential adaptation rates.The study identifies a significant shift from administrative boundaries toward securitized frontiers,with a 217%increase in religious and ethnic identifiers in post-1947 border legislation.This legal evolution reflects broader tensions between decolonization aspirations and inherited governance structures,creating what Cons(2016)terms“sensitive spaces”where exceptional legal regimes continue to operate.The research contributes to understanding how post-colonial states navigate the paradox of maintaining sovereignty through legal instruments originally designed for imperial control,with implications for borderland populations who experience persistent“legal liminality”despite constitutional protections.展开更多
It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted princip...It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted principle of least action enables time asymmetry and time flow as a generation of action and redefines useful energy as an information system which implements a form of acting information. This is demonstrated using a basic formula, originally applied for time symmetry/energy conservation considerations, relating time asymmetry (which is conventionally denied but here expressly allowed), to energy behaviour. The results derived then explained that a dynamic energy is driving time asymmetry. It is doing it by decreasing the information content of useful energy, thus generating action and entropy increase, explaining action-time as an information phenomenon. Thermodynamic laws follow directly. The formalism derived readily explains what energy is, why it is conserved (1st law of thermodynamics), why entropy increases (2nd law) and that maximum entropy production within the restraints of the system controls self-organized processes of non-linear irreversible thermodynamics. The general significance of the principle of least action arises from its role of controlling the action generating oriented time of nature. These results contrast with present understanding of time neutrality and clock-time, which are here considered a source of paradoxes, intellectual contradictions and dead-end roads in models explaining nature and the universe.展开更多
This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that...This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that are related and unrelated to symmetric information. In addition, some exact solutions with particular forms are obtained according to the method of conservation laws. These particular solutions are different from the group-invariant solutions.展开更多
Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genet...Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.展开更多
In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and re...In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and reduce the corresponding(2+1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to(1+1)-dimensional counterparts with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional derivative.Then,we obtain the power series solutions of the reduced equations,prove their convergence and analyze their dynamic behavior graphically.In addition,the conservation laws for all the obtained Lie symmetries are constructed using the new conservation theorem and the generalization of Noether operators.展开更多
Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulati...Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulations of the United States,the European Union,Japan and China.Then,the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation were analyzed.Results and Conclusion The Chinese pharmacovigilance legislation has such problems as nontransparent formulation process,poor dynamic adaptability,insufficient use of the attention mechanism,fragmentation of laws and regulations,and poor connection of laws and regulations,which should be optimized.It is recommended to carry out theoretical and methodological research on pharmacovigilance legislation to provide practical guidance for optimizing pharmacovigilance legislation with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian system...The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems is given.Secondly,the relationship between the integrating factors and conservation laws is studied,and the conservation theorems of Herglotz type Birkhoff's equations and their inverse theorems are established.Thirdly,two types of generalized Killing equations for calculating integrating factors are given.Finally,as an example,a linear damped oscillator is taken.This example can be transformed into a Herglotz type Birkhoffian system.The resulting conservation theorems are used to find the conserved quantities for this example.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the medication laws of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome in Guanling Autonomous County Hospital ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the medication laws of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome in Guanling Autonomous County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.[Methods]Prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)were retrieved from the TCM family of the hospital,traditional Chinese medical doctor Wu Zhongli,in the period from November 2023 to April 2024.Microsoft Excel 2007 was employed to set up an information table of TCM prescriptions,and the age,gender,herbal properties,efficacy categories and the frequency of use were analyzed to explore the medication laws of TCM in the hospital for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome.[Results]Among the 259 TCM prescriptions included,152 kinds of TCM decoction pieces were used.The decoction pieces were mainly warm in nature,and decoction pieces cold in nature took the second place.The flavors of the herbs were mostly sweet,bitter and pungent.Most of them were attributive to the spleen,stomach meridian and lung meridians,and the herbs were mainly used for tonifying deficiency and regulating qi.The herbs with higher frequency of use included Radix Glycyrrhiza,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,poria,and Angelicae Sinensis Radix,the main effects of which are replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel.[Conclusions]Chinese medicine treatment of IBS with spleen deficiency in hospitals is mainly based on replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel,and Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction is commonly used in clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation with modifications.展开更多
This paper examines the enduring impact of Jean-Baptiste Say’s A Treatise on Political Economy on classical economic theory and modern economic policy.It highlights Say’s Law,which posits that supply creates its own...This paper examines the enduring impact of Jean-Baptiste Say’s A Treatise on Political Economy on classical economic theory and modern economic policy.It highlights Say’s Law,which posits that supply creates its own demand,challenging mercantilist views and emphasizing the intrinsic link between production and consumption.The paper also discusses Say’s vision of the entrepreneur as a catalyst for economic growth through innovation and resource allocation,distinguishing him from his contemporaries.It also explores his concept of self-regulating markets,tracing its origins to Adam Smith and its development through Say’s work,which suggests that individual actions in pursuit of self-interest lead to efficient resource allocation without significant government intervention.The paper acknowledges the critiques on Say’s Law,particularly during economic downturns,and the subsequent rise of Keynesian economics,which advocates government intervention to stimulate demand.Finally,it reflects on Say’s legacy,including his influence on subsequent economic thought,and the global application of his principles in various economic policies.The paper concludes that Say’s insights,while contested and flawed,remain important to understand market economies and shaping economic policy in the face of contemporary challenges.展开更多
The precise characterization of hypersonic glide vehicle(HGV) maneuver laws in complex flight scenarios still faces challenges. Non-stationary changes in flight state due to abrupt changes in maneuver modes place high...The precise characterization of hypersonic glide vehicle(HGV) maneuver laws in complex flight scenarios still faces challenges. Non-stationary changes in flight state due to abrupt changes in maneuver modes place high demands on the accuracy of modeling methods. To address this issue, a novel maneuver laws modeling and analysis method based on higher order multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition(HMDMD) is proposed in this work. A joint time-space-frequency decomposition of the vehicle's state sequence in the complex flight scenario is achieved with the higher order Koopman assumption and standard multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition, and an approximate dynamic model is established. The maneuver laws can be reconstructed and analyzed with extracted multi-scale spatiotemporal modes with clear physical meaning. Based on the dynamic model of HGV, two flight scenarios are established with constant angle of attack and complex maneuver laws, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the maneuver laws obtained using the HMDMD method are highly consistent with those derived from the real dynamic model, the modeling accuracy is better than other common modeling methods, and the method has strong interpretability.展开更多
Hyperbolic conservation laws arise in the context of continuum physics,and are mathematically presented in differential form and understood in the distributional(weak)sense.The formal application of the Gauss-Green th...Hyperbolic conservation laws arise in the context of continuum physics,and are mathematically presented in differential form and understood in the distributional(weak)sense.The formal application of the Gauss-Green theorem results in integral balance laws,in which the concept of flux plays a central role.This paper addresses the spacetime viewpoint of the flux regularity,providing a rigorous treatment of integral balance laws.The established Lipschitz regularity of fluxes(over time intervals)leads to a consistent flux approximation.Thus,fully discrete finite volume schemes of high order may be consistently justified with reference to the spacetime integral balance laws.展开更多
Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by t...Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by their apparent particle size and structure(density and morphology).Substantial researches have been conducted regarding the effect of floc characteristics on particle settling and water treatment.However,the influence of floc characteristics on flotation has not been widely studied.Based on the floc formation and flocculation flotation,this study reviews the fundamental physical characteristics of flocs from the perspectives of floc particle size and structure,summarizing the interaction between floc particle size and structure.Moreover,it thoroughly discusses the effect of floc particle size and structure on floc floatability,further revealing the influence of floc characteristics on bubble collision and adhesion and elucidating the mechanisms of interaction between flocs and bubbles.Thus,it is observed that floc particle size is not the only factor influencing flocculation flotation.Within the appropriate apparent particle size range,flocs with a compact structure exhibit higher efficiency in bubble collision and adhesion during flotation,thereby resulting in enhanced flotation performance.This study aims to provide a reference for flocculation flotation,targeting the development of more efficient and refined flocculation flotation processes in the future.展开更多
Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relati...Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.展开更多
In this article,we explore the famous Selkov–Schnakenberg(SS)system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)for Lie symmetry analysis,self-adjointness,and conservation laws.Moreover,miscellaneous sol...In this article,we explore the famous Selkov–Schnakenberg(SS)system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)for Lie symmetry analysis,self-adjointness,and conservation laws.Moreover,miscellaneous soliton solutions like dark,bright,periodic,rational,Jacobian elliptic function,Weierstrass elliptic function,and hyperbolic solutions of the SS system will be achieved by a well-known technique called sub-ordinary differential equations.All these results are displayed graphically by 3D,2D,and contour plots.展开更多
In this paper,two different methods for calculating the conservation laws are used,these are the direct construction of conservation laws and the conservation theorem proposed by Ibragimov.Using these two methods,we o...In this paper,two different methods for calculating the conservation laws are used,these are the direct construction of conservation laws and the conservation theorem proposed by Ibragimov.Using these two methods,we obtain the conservation laws of the Gardner equation,Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation and Hirota-Satsuma equation,respectively.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory(HWENO)method based on the dimension by dimension framework to solve hyperbolic conservation laws.It can maintain the high accuracy ...In this paper,we propose a finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory(HWENO)method based on the dimension by dimension framework to solve hyperbolic conservation laws.It can maintain the high accuracy in the smooth region and obtain the high resolution solution when the discontinuity appears,and it is compact which will be good for giving the numerical boundary conditions.Furthermore,it avoids complicated least square procedure when we implement the genuine two dimensional(2D)finite volume HWENO reconstruction,and it can be regarded as a generalization of the one dimensional(1D)HWENO method.Extensive numerical tests are performed to verify the high resolution and high accuracy of the scheme.展开更多
Cost-effective multilevel techniques for homogeneous hyperbolic conservation laws are very successful in reducing the computational cost associated to high resolution shock capturing numerical schemes.Because they do ...Cost-effective multilevel techniques for homogeneous hyperbolic conservation laws are very successful in reducing the computational cost associated to high resolution shock capturing numerical schemes.Because they do not involve any special data structure,and do not induce savings in memory requirements,they are easily implemented on existing codes and are recommended for 1D and 2D simulations when intensive testing is required.The multilevel technique can also be applied to balance laws,but in this case,numerical errors may be induced by the technique.We present a series of numerical tests that point out that the use of monotonicity-preserving interpolatory techniques eliminates the numerical errors observed when using the usual 4-point centered Lagrange interpolation,and leads to a more robust multilevel code for balance laws,while maintaining the efficiency rates observed forhyperbolic conservation laws.展开更多
In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results a...In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results apply to all nonlinear scalar conservation laws and to nonlinear hyperbolic systems of two equations.展开更多
In the present article we study the generalized laws of importation and crossmigrativity based on(D,N)-implications.On the one hand,we consider the generalized law of importation I(T(x,α),y)=I(x,J(α,y)),when T is co...In the present article we study the generalized laws of importation and crossmigrativity based on(D,N)-implications.On the one hand,we consider the generalized law of importation I(T(x,α),y)=I(x,J(α,y)),when T is concretized as a fuzzy conjunction C,I and J are concretized as(D,N)-implications generated by a fuzzy disjunction D and a fuzzy negation N.On the other hand,we discuss the cross-migrativity of fuzzy disjunctions over fuzzy implications,that is,I(x,D(y,z))=D(y,I(x,z)),where I is a fuzzy implication,D is a fuzzy disjunction.In addition,we study the relationship between the(α-)cross-migrative of(I,D)and the(α-)cross-law of importation(I,ID,N,C).展开更多
文摘This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical-legal analysis of key legislation,policies,and judicial interpretations,the research demonstrates how colonial border regulations-primarily designed for imperial control-have been selectively preserved,modified,or replaced to serve post-independence imperatives.Findings reveal that 62%of colonial border management mechanisms persisted verbatim in post-colonial legislation,while regional variations created overlapping“legal border zones”with differential adaptation rates.The study identifies a significant shift from administrative boundaries toward securitized frontiers,with a 217%increase in religious and ethnic identifiers in post-1947 border legislation.This legal evolution reflects broader tensions between decolonization aspirations and inherited governance structures,creating what Cons(2016)terms“sensitive spaces”where exceptional legal regimes continue to operate.The research contributes to understanding how post-colonial states navigate the paradox of maintaining sovereignty through legal instruments originally designed for imperial control,with implications for borderland populations who experience persistent“legal liminality”despite constitutional protections.
文摘It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted principle of least action enables time asymmetry and time flow as a generation of action and redefines useful energy as an information system which implements a form of acting information. This is demonstrated using a basic formula, originally applied for time symmetry/energy conservation considerations, relating time asymmetry (which is conventionally denied but here expressly allowed), to energy behaviour. The results derived then explained that a dynamic energy is driving time asymmetry. It is doing it by decreasing the information content of useful energy, thus generating action and entropy increase, explaining action-time as an information phenomenon. Thermodynamic laws follow directly. The formalism derived readily explains what energy is, why it is conserved (1st law of thermodynamics), why entropy increases (2nd law) and that maximum entropy production within the restraints of the system controls self-organized processes of non-linear irreversible thermodynamics. The general significance of the principle of least action arises from its role of controlling the action generating oriented time of nature. These results contrast with present understanding of time neutrality and clock-time, which are here considered a source of paradoxes, intellectual contradictions and dead-end roads in models explaining nature and the universe.
文摘This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that are related and unrelated to symmetric information. In addition, some exact solutions with particular forms are obtained according to the method of conservation laws. These particular solutions are different from the group-invariant solutions.
文摘Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.
基金supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72031009).
文摘In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and reduce the corresponding(2+1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to(1+1)-dimensional counterparts with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional derivative.Then,we obtain the power series solutions of the reduced equations,prove their convergence and analyze their dynamic behavior graphically.In addition,the conservation laws for all the obtained Lie symmetries are constructed using the new conservation theorem and the generalization of Noether operators.
文摘Objective To analyze the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation,and to provide some suggestions for improving it.Methods Relevant literature at home and abroad were studied to compare the laws and regulations of the United States,the European Union,Japan and China.Then,the problems of China’s pharmacovigilance legislation were analyzed.Results and Conclusion The Chinese pharmacovigilance legislation has such problems as nontransparent formulation process,poor dynamic adaptability,insufficient use of the attention mechanism,fragmentation of laws and regulations,and poor connection of laws and regulations,which should be optimized.It is recommended to carry out theoretical and methodological research on pharmacovigilance legislation to provide practical guidance for optimizing pharmacovigilance legislation with Chinese characteristics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272248)。
文摘The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems is given.Secondly,the relationship between the integrating factors and conservation laws is studied,and the conservation theorems of Herglotz type Birkhoff's equations and their inverse theorems are established.Thirdly,two types of generalized Killing equations for calculating integrating factors are given.Finally,as an example,a linear damped oscillator is taken.This example can be transformed into a Herglotz type Birkhoffian system.The resulting conservation theorems are used to find the conserved quantities for this example.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the medication laws of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome in Guanling Autonomous County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.[Methods]Prescriptions for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)were retrieved from the TCM family of the hospital,traditional Chinese medical doctor Wu Zhongli,in the period from November 2023 to April 2024.Microsoft Excel 2007 was employed to set up an information table of TCM prescriptions,and the age,gender,herbal properties,efficacy categories and the frequency of use were analyzed to explore the medication laws of TCM in the hospital for the treatment of spleen-deficiency irritable bowel syndrome.[Results]Among the 259 TCM prescriptions included,152 kinds of TCM decoction pieces were used.The decoction pieces were mainly warm in nature,and decoction pieces cold in nature took the second place.The flavors of the herbs were mostly sweet,bitter and pungent.Most of them were attributive to the spleen,stomach meridian and lung meridians,and the herbs were mainly used for tonifying deficiency and regulating qi.The herbs with higher frequency of use included Radix Glycyrrhiza,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,poria,and Angelicae Sinensis Radix,the main effects of which are replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel.[Conclusions]Chinese medicine treatment of IBS with spleen deficiency in hospitals is mainly based on replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen,activating qi and eliminating phlegm,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,and relaxing bowel,and Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction is commonly used in clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation with modifications.
文摘This paper examines the enduring impact of Jean-Baptiste Say’s A Treatise on Political Economy on classical economic theory and modern economic policy.It highlights Say’s Law,which posits that supply creates its own demand,challenging mercantilist views and emphasizing the intrinsic link between production and consumption.The paper also discusses Say’s vision of the entrepreneur as a catalyst for economic growth through innovation and resource allocation,distinguishing him from his contemporaries.It also explores his concept of self-regulating markets,tracing its origins to Adam Smith and its development through Say’s work,which suggests that individual actions in pursuit of self-interest lead to efficient resource allocation without significant government intervention.The paper acknowledges the critiques on Say’s Law,particularly during economic downturns,and the subsequent rise of Keynesian economics,which advocates government intervention to stimulate demand.Finally,it reflects on Say’s legacy,including his influence on subsequent economic thought,and the global application of his principles in various economic policies.The paper concludes that Say’s insights,while contested and flawed,remain important to understand market economies and shaping economic policy in the face of contemporary challenges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12302056)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF:GZC20233445。
文摘The precise characterization of hypersonic glide vehicle(HGV) maneuver laws in complex flight scenarios still faces challenges. Non-stationary changes in flight state due to abrupt changes in maneuver modes place high demands on the accuracy of modeling methods. To address this issue, a novel maneuver laws modeling and analysis method based on higher order multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition(HMDMD) is proposed in this work. A joint time-space-frequency decomposition of the vehicle's state sequence in the complex flight scenario is achieved with the higher order Koopman assumption and standard multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition, and an approximate dynamic model is established. The maneuver laws can be reconstructed and analyzed with extracted multi-scale spatiotemporal modes with clear physical meaning. Based on the dynamic model of HGV, two flight scenarios are established with constant angle of attack and complex maneuver laws, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the maneuver laws obtained using the HMDMD method are highly consistent with those derived from the real dynamic model, the modeling accuracy is better than other common modeling methods, and the method has strong interpretability.
基金supported by the NSFC(Nos.11771054,12072042,91852207)the Sino-German Research Group Project(No.GZ1465)the National Key Project GJXM92579.
文摘Hyperbolic conservation laws arise in the context of continuum physics,and are mathematically presented in differential form and understood in the distributional(weak)sense.The formal application of the Gauss-Green theorem results in integral balance laws,in which the concept of flux plays a central role.This paper addresses the spacetime viewpoint of the flux regularity,providing a rigorous treatment of integral balance laws.The established Lipschitz regularity of fluxes(over time intervals)leads to a consistent flux approximation.Thus,fully discrete finite volume schemes of high order may be consistently justified with reference to the spacetime integral balance laws.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174239 and 52204284)。
文摘Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by their apparent particle size and structure(density and morphology).Substantial researches have been conducted regarding the effect of floc characteristics on particle settling and water treatment.However,the influence of floc characteristics on flotation has not been widely studied.Based on the floc formation and flocculation flotation,this study reviews the fundamental physical characteristics of flocs from the perspectives of floc particle size and structure,summarizing the interaction between floc particle size and structure.Moreover,it thoroughly discusses the effect of floc particle size and structure on floc floatability,further revealing the influence of floc characteristics on bubble collision and adhesion and elucidating the mechanisms of interaction between flocs and bubbles.Thus,it is observed that floc particle size is not the only factor influencing flocculation flotation.Within the appropriate apparent particle size range,flocs with a compact structure exhibit higher efficiency in bubble collision and adhesion during flotation,thereby resulting in enhanced flotation performance.This study aims to provide a reference for flocculation flotation,targeting the development of more efficient and refined flocculation flotation processes in the future.
文摘Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.
文摘In this article,we explore the famous Selkov–Schnakenberg(SS)system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)for Lie symmetry analysis,self-adjointness,and conservation laws.Moreover,miscellaneous soliton solutions like dark,bright,periodic,rational,Jacobian elliptic function,Weierstrass elliptic function,and hyperbolic solutions of the SS system will be achieved by a well-known technique called sub-ordinary differential equations.All these results are displayed graphically by 3D,2D,and contour plots.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12371256&11971475)。
文摘In this paper,two different methods for calculating the conservation laws are used,these are the direct construction of conservation laws and the conservation theorem proposed by Ibragimov.Using these two methods,we obtain the conservation laws of the Gardner equation,Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation and Hirota-Satsuma equation,respectively.
基金supported by the NSFC grant 12101128supported by the NSFC grant 12071392.
文摘In this paper,we propose a finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory(HWENO)method based on the dimension by dimension framework to solve hyperbolic conservation laws.It can maintain the high accuracy in the smooth region and obtain the high resolution solution when the discontinuity appears,and it is compact which will be good for giving the numerical boundary conditions.Furthermore,it avoids complicated least square procedure when we implement the genuine two dimensional(2D)finite volume HWENO reconstruction,and it can be regarded as a generalization of the one dimensional(1D)HWENO method.Extensive numerical tests are performed to verify the high resolution and high accuracy of the scheme.
基金supported by Grant PID2020-117211GB-I00funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+4 种基金by Grant CIAICO/2021/227funded by the Generalitat Valencianasupported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain(Grant Ref.PID2021-125709OB-C21)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEby the Generalitat Valenciana(CIAICO/2021/224).
文摘Cost-effective multilevel techniques for homogeneous hyperbolic conservation laws are very successful in reducing the computational cost associated to high resolution shock capturing numerical schemes.Because they do not involve any special data structure,and do not induce savings in memory requirements,they are easily implemented on existing codes and are recommended for 1D and 2D simulations when intensive testing is required.The multilevel technique can also be applied to balance laws,but in this case,numerical errors may be induced by the technique.We present a series of numerical tests that point out that the use of monotonicity-preserving interpolatory techniques eliminates the numerical errors observed when using the usual 4-point centered Lagrange interpolation,and leads to a more robust multilevel code for balance laws,while maintaining the efficiency rates observed forhyperbolic conservation laws.
文摘In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results apply to all nonlinear scalar conservation laws and to nonlinear hyperbolic systems of two equations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12471438,12001413)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan Project of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022JM-048)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(Grant No.23JSQ043)。
文摘In the present article we study the generalized laws of importation and crossmigrativity based on(D,N)-implications.On the one hand,we consider the generalized law of importation I(T(x,α),y)=I(x,J(α,y)),when T is concretized as a fuzzy conjunction C,I and J are concretized as(D,N)-implications generated by a fuzzy disjunction D and a fuzzy negation N.On the other hand,we discuss the cross-migrativity of fuzzy disjunctions over fuzzy implications,that is,I(x,D(y,z))=D(y,I(x,z)),where I is a fuzzy implication,D is a fuzzy disjunction.In addition,we study the relationship between the(α-)cross-migrative of(I,D)and the(α-)cross-law of importation(I,ID,N,C).
