The increasing prevalence of technology in society has an impact on young people’s language use and development. Greeklish is the writing of Greek texts using the Latin instead of the Greek alphabet, a practice known...The increasing prevalence of technology in society has an impact on young people’s language use and development. Greeklish is the writing of Greek texts using the Latin instead of the Greek alphabet, a practice known as Latinization, also employed for many non-latin alphabet languages. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of Greeklish on reading time. A sample of 732 young Greeks were asked about their habits when communicating through e-mail and social media with their friends and they then participated in an experiment in which they were asked to read and understand two short texts, one written in Greek and the other in Greeklish. The findings of the research show that nearly one third of the participants use Greeklish. The results of the experiment conducted reveal that understanding is not affected by the alphabet used but reading Greeklish is significantly more time consuming than reading Greek independently of the sex and the familiarity of the participants with Greeklish. The findings suggest that amending social and communication media with software utilities related to Latinization such as language identifiers and converters may reduce reading time and thus facilitate written communication among the users.展开更多
The word “senescence” comes from the Latin senescens, meaning “to begin to age”, and is characterized by a long-lasting but reversible block in proliferation, resulting from stress-induced cell cycle arrest of pre...The word “senescence” comes from the Latin senescens, meaning “to begin to age”, and is characterized by a long-lasting but reversible block in proliferation, resulting from stress-induced cell cycle arrest of previously replication-competent cells.展开更多
Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America....Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.展开更多
On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that...On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that,as Latin America is a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,China is willing to strengthen cooperation with Latin America,align development strategies within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),promote common development,and build a China-Latin America community with a shared future.展开更多
With a long-standing tradition in the development of critical theories, Latin America seeks, through a myriad of perspectives, to understand its peripheral position within the mechanisms of the world system. This pape...With a long-standing tradition in the development of critical theories, Latin America seeks, through a myriad of perspectives, to understand its peripheral position within the mechanisms of the world system. This paper aims to examine the role of race and gender in sustaining the capitalist world system through the lens of decolonial studies. It considers how both categories were historically constructed during the colonial process as tools to legitimize social, economic, and political hierarchies between the dominant and the dominated. In particular, the division of labor, based on racial and gendered distinctions, was instrumental in shaping these power relations. By analyzing these categories as central elements in the formation and maintenance of the capitalist world system, the study highlights their continued influence in perpetuating inequalities today.展开更多
On June 20,the 7th China-Latin America and Caribbean Think Tank Forum was held in Beijing.The forum carried the theme“Working Together to Build a China-LAC Community with a Shared Future.”Assistant Foreign Minister ...On June 20,the 7th China-Latin America and Caribbean Think Tank Forum was held in Beijing.The forum carried the theme“Working Together to Build a China-LAC Community with a Shared Future.”Assistant Foreign Minister Miao Deyu attended the opening ceremony and delivered remarks.Leonel Caraballo Maqueira,Vice President of the Cuban Diplomatic Academy,and Martin Charles,Ambassador of Dominica to China and Representative of the Latin American and Caribbean Diplomatic Corps in China,attended the meeting and delivered speeches.展开更多
On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian build...On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian builders identifiable by their yellow-green,fluorescent vests,Canadian buyers carrying computer bags,and a group of Chinese individuals with aluminum alloy suitcases labeled“Foshan Ceramics”,“Yongkang Hardware”,and“Anji Bamboo Floor”.展开更多
Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into...Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into neuroscience, proposing the concept of combinatorial neural codes. And it was further studied in depth using algebraic methods by C. Curto. In this paper, we construct a class of combinatorial neural codes with special properties based on classical combinatorial structures such as orthogonal Latin rectangle, disjoint Steiner systems, groupable designs and transversal designs. These neural codes have significant weight distribution properties and large minimum distances, and are thus valuable for potential applications in information representation and neuroscience. This study provides new ideas for the construction method and property analysis of combinatorial neural codes, and enriches the study of algebraic coding theory.展开更多
Latin American countries possess rich resources of critical minerals,which have long underpinned their economic growth and social advancement.Meanwhile,however,these countries are grappling with excessive external dep...Latin American countries possess rich resources of critical minerals,which have long underpinned their economic growth and social advancement.Meanwhile,however,these countries are grappling with excessive external dependency,underdeveloped industrial chains,low value-added exports,and weak international discourse power.In recent years,due to various external and internal factors,such as the restructuring of the global supply chains,the intensification of major-country rivalry,the transformation of regional development patterns,and the resurgence of resource nationalism,Latin American countries have been more aware of the strategic value and security attribute of critical minerals.Increasingly,they have strengthened the strategic governance of these resources from the national security perspective to defend national sovereignty over resources,enhance the resilience of their supply chains,improve industrial independence,and protect ecological security.Towards these ends,Latin American countries have been actively exploring and developing critical minerals strategies that align with global geopolitical changes and regional transformation needs.In practice,Latin American countries have tightened their control over critical minerals,considered both short-term economic gains and long-term development interests,balanced environmental protection and social responsibility,and conducted international mining cooperation based on the principles of diversity and balance.They are striving to maximize their security and development interests by seeking high-level security and high-quality development of critical mineral resources.展开更多
Green transition fosters a harmonious balance between economic growth and ecological preservation.It drives innovation and the development of sustainable technologies and practices,which in turn create new economic op...Green transition fosters a harmonious balance between economic growth and ecological preservation.It drives innovation and the development of sustainable technologies and practices,which in turn create new economic opportunities.In recent years,faced with severe development pressures caused by climate change and environmental issues,Latin American countries have stepped up efforts to implement green transition plans and achieved certain progress in sectors such as renewable energy,eco-friendly manufacturing,and green infrastructure.Notably,Latin America's green economy transition approach coincides with China's drive to accelerate green transition in all areas of economic and social development.Closer“green cooperation”with China will significantly boost Latin America's transition towards a green economy.展开更多
Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay betw...Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay between energy efficiency and energy consumption highlights the essential role of strategic energy policies in ensuring sustainable development.This study used the Double-Log regression model with bootstrap resampling to examine the rebound effect in the energy transition of agribusiness focusing on five Latin American countries including Brazil,Argentina,Uruguay,Colombia,and Mexico based on the agricultural sector data during 2010–2022.The findings revealed that the rebound effect significantly influences energy transition,with varying degrees of impact across agricultural sectors.This study identified partial rebound effect across all five countries,with elasticity coefficient varying from 9.63%(Colombia’s coffee sector)to 89.12%(Brazil’s livestock sector).In Brazil’s sugarcane sector,nonrenewable energy,agricultural employment,and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption,while in livestock sector,energy consumption was affected by CH_(4)emissions,income and well-being of farmers,water consumption,and water conservation practices.In Mexico’s livestock sector,CH_(4)emissions,nonrenewable energy,and water conservation practices were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Argentina’s sugarcane sector,pesticides,NO_(2)emissions,renewable energy,and agricultural employment were the key factors affecting energy consumption,while renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and water consumption were the key factors affecting energy consumption in livestock sector.In Uruguay’s livestock sector,non-renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and irrigation efficiency were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Colombia’coffee sector,NO_(2)emissions and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption.Finally,this study reinforces the importance of aligning energy transition with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),ensuring that energy efficiency gains do not inadvertently increase energy consumption or environmental degradation.展开更多
Today,more than 90%of children who are born with congenital heart disease survive and reach adulthood,especially in developed countries.Consequently,the population of adults with congenital heart disease has increased...Today,more than 90%of children who are born with congenital heart disease survive and reach adulthood,especially in developed countries.Consequently,the population of adults with congenital heart disease has increased signiffcantly over the last few decades.In Latin America and the Caribbean countries,this same scenario is occurring at an accelerated pace.Loss to follow-up is a global problem in adults with congenital heart disease,ranging from 30–60%.In Latin America and Caribbean countries,it is estimated that less than 10%of adults with congenital heart disease are being followed.The small number of specialists and adult congenital heart disease specialized centers,as well as virtually nonexistent transition and transfer programs,are some of the reasons for this.This article is a narrative review of the current status of the transition and transfer of young adults with congenital heart disease,with a special focus on Latin America and Caribbean countries.It describes the general concepts of transition and transfer,analyzes barriers and,ffnally,presents specialized care alternatives that would reduce losses and improve this population’s care.展开更多
Probabilistic assessment of seismic performance(SPPA)is a crucial aspect of evaluating the seismic behavior of structures.For complex bridges with inherent uncertainties,conducting precise and efficient seismic reliab...Probabilistic assessment of seismic performance(SPPA)is a crucial aspect of evaluating the seismic behavior of structures.For complex bridges with inherent uncertainties,conducting precise and efficient seismic reliability analysis remains a significant challenge.To address this issue,the current study introduces a sample-unequal weight fractional moment assessment method,which is based on an improved correlation-reduced Latin hypercube sampling(ICLHS)technique.This method integrates the benefits of important sampling techniques with interpolator quadrature formulas to enhance the accuracy of estimating the extreme value distribution(EVD)for the seismic response of complex nonlinear structures subjected to non-stationary ground motions.Additionally,the core theoretical approaches employed in seismic reliability analysis(SRA)are elaborated,such as dimension reduction for simulating non-stationary random ground motions and a fractional-maximum entropy single-loop solution strategy.The effectiveness of this proposed method is validated through a three-story nonlinear shear frame structure.Furthermore,a comprehensive reliability analysis of a real-world long-span,single-pylon suspension bridge is conducted using the developed theoretical framework within the OpenSees platform,leading to key insights and conclusions.展开更多
Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sig...Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sign a bilateral free trade agreement with China and the first to reach an upgraded protocol.Chile also established mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO)with China,the first country in South America to do so.展开更多
For uncertainty quantification of complex models with high-dimensional,nonlinear,multi-component coupling like digital twins,traditional statistical sampling methods,such as random sampling and Latin hypercube samplin...For uncertainty quantification of complex models with high-dimensional,nonlinear,multi-component coupling like digital twins,traditional statistical sampling methods,such as random sampling and Latin hypercube sampling,require a large number of samples,which entails huge computational costs.Therefore,how to construct a small-size sample space has been a hot issue of interest for researchers.To this end,this paper proposes a sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme to generate efficient and accurate samples for uncertainty quantification.First,the sampling range of the samples is formed by carving the polymorphic uncertainty based on theoretical analysis.Then,the optimal Latin hypercube design is selected using the Latin hypercube sampling method combined with the"space filling"criterion.Finally,the sample selection function is established,and the next most informative sample is optimally selected to obtain the sequential test sample.Compared with the classical sampling method,the generated samples can retain more information on the basis of sparsity.A series of numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme,which is a way to provide reliable uncertainty quantification results with small sample sizes.展开更多
Conventional soil maps(CSMs)often have multiple soil types within a single polygon,which hinders the ability of machine learning to accurately predict soils.Soil disaggregation approaches are commonly used to improve ...Conventional soil maps(CSMs)often have multiple soil types within a single polygon,which hinders the ability of machine learning to accurately predict soils.Soil disaggregation approaches are commonly used to improve the spatial and attribute precision of CSMs.The approach disaggregation and harmonization of soil map units through resampled classification trees(DSMART)is popular but computationally intensive,as it generates and assigns synthetic samples to soil series based on the areal coverage information of CSMs.Alternatively,the disaggregation approach pure polygon disaggregation(PPD)assigns soil series based solely on the proportions of soil series in pure polygons in CSMs.This study compared these two disaggregation approaches by applying them to a CSM of Middlesex County,Ontario,Canada.Four different sampling methods were used:two sampling designs,simple random sampling(SRS)and conditional Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS),with two sample sizes(83100 and 19420 samples per sampling plan),both based on an area-weighted approach.Two machine learning algorithms(MLAs),C5.0 decision tree(C5.0)and random forest(RF),were applied to the disaggregation approaches to compare the disaggregation accuracy.The accuracy assessment utilized a set of 500 validation points obtained from the Middlesex County soil survey report.The MLA C5.0(Kappa index=0.58–0.63)showed better performance than RF(Kappa index=0.53–0.54)based on the larger sample size,and PPD with C5.0 based on the larger sample size was the best-performing(Kappa index=0.63)approach.Based on the smaller sample size,both cLHS(Kappa index=0.41–0.48)and SRS(Kappa index=0.40–0.47)produced similar accuracy results.The disaggregation approach PPD exhibited lower processing capacity and time demands(1.62–5.93 h)while yielding maps with lower uncertainty as compared to DSMART(2.75–194.2 h).For CSMs predominantly composed of pure polygons,utilizing PPD for soil series disaggregation is a more efficient and rational choice.However,DSMART is the preferable approach for disaggregating soil series that lack pure polygon representations in the CSMs.展开更多
This paper introduces the Particle SwarmOptimization(PSO)algorithmto enhance the LatinHypercube Sampling(LHS)process.The key objective is to mitigate the issues of lengthy computation times and low computational accur...This paper introduces the Particle SwarmOptimization(PSO)algorithmto enhance the LatinHypercube Sampling(LHS)process.The key objective is to mitigate the issues of lengthy computation times and low computational accuracy typically encountered when applying Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)to LHS for probabilistic trend calculations.The PSOmethod optimizes sample distribution,enhances global search capabilities,and significantly boosts computational efficiency.To validate its effectiveness,the proposed method was applied to IEEE34 and IEEE-118 node systems containing wind power.The performance was then compared with Latin Hypercubic Important Sampling(LHIS),which integrates significant sampling with theMonte Carlomethod.The comparison results indicate that the PSO-enhanced method significantly improves the uniformity and representativeness of the sampling.This enhancement leads to a reduction in data errors and an improvement in both computational accuracy and convergence speed.展开更多
The ability to predict the anti-interference communications performance of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)data links is critical for intelligent route planning of UAVs in real combat scenarios.Previous research in this a...The ability to predict the anti-interference communications performance of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)data links is critical for intelligent route planning of UAVs in real combat scenarios.Previous research in this area has encountered several limitations:Classifiers exhibit low training efficiency,their precision is notably reduced when dealing with imbalanced samples,and they cannot be applied to the condition where the UAV’s flight altitude and the antenna bearing vary.This paper proposes the sequential Latin hypercube sampling(SLHS)-support vector machine(SVM)-AdaBoost algorithm,which enhances the training efficiency of the base classifier and circumvents local optima during the search process through SLHS optimization.Additionally,it mitigates the bottleneck of sample imbalance by adjusting the sample weight distribution using the AdaBoost algorithm.Through comparison,the modeling efficiency,prediction accuracy on the test set,and macro-averaged values of precision,recall,and F1-score for SLHS-SVM-AdaBoost are improved by 22.7%,5.7%,36.0%,25.0%,and 34.2%,respectively,compared with Grid-SVM.Additionally,these values are improved by 22.2%,2.1%,11.3%,2.8%,and 7.4%,respectively,compared with particle swarm optimization(PSO)-SVM-AdaBoost.Combining Latin hypercube sampling with the SLHS-SVM-AdaBoost algorithm,the classification prediction model of anti-interference performance of UAV data links,which took factors like three-dimensional position of UAV and antenna bearing into consideration,is established and used to assess the safety of the classical flying path and optimize the flying route.It was found that the risk of loss of communications could not be completely avoided by adjusting the flying altitude based on the classical path,whereas intelligent path planning based on the classification prediction model of anti-interference performance can realize complete avoidance of being interfered meanwhile reducing the route length by at least 2.3%,thus benefiting both safety and operation efficiency.展开更多
In a world of Google and AI, developing an encyclopedic coverage of a theme that is of great interest to biologists, social scientists, politicians and environmental managers, is a daunting challenge. Wattles is a boo...In a world of Google and AI, developing an encyclopedic coverage of a theme that is of great interest to biologists, social scientists, politicians and environmental managers, is a daunting challenge. Wattles is a book that presents new knowledge, makes interesting reading, and has the potential to stimulate research in a variety of disciplines. We learn that Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a genus of shrubs and trees comprising 1,083 species of which 417 are known to have been introduced to areas outside their native range. We are surprised to read that Australian acacias are found almost everywhere, in virtually all terrestrial habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, alpine settings,rainforests, coastal dunes and deserts, causing major environmental and socio-economic changes in the invaded regions. Until recently, Acacia comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America and Australasia, but the name is now reserved for species predominantly from Australia, including some from Southeast Asia. The genus name Acacia is Neo-Latin, and refers to a preparation extracted from the leaves and fruit pods of Vachellia nilotica, the original type of the genus.展开更多
Spatial variability of soil properties imposes a challenge for practical analysis and design in geotechnical engineering.The latter is particularly true for slope stability assessment,where the effects of uncertainty ...Spatial variability of soil properties imposes a challenge for practical analysis and design in geotechnical engineering.The latter is particularly true for slope stability assessment,where the effects of uncertainty are synthesized in the so-called probability of failure.This probability quantifies the reliability of a slope and its numerical calculation is usually quite involved from a numerical viewpoint.In view of this issue,this paper proposes an approach for failure probability assessment based on Latinized partially stratified sampling and maximum entropy distribution with fractional moments.The spatial variability of geotechnical properties is represented by means of random fields and the Karhunen-Loève expansion.Then,failure probabilities are estimated employing maximum entropy distribution with fractional moments.The application of the proposed approach is examined with two examples:a case study of an undrained slope and a case study of a slope with cross-correlated random fields of strength parameters under a drained slope.The results show that the proposed approach has excellent accuracy and high efficiency,and it can be applied straightforwardly to similar geotechnical engineering problems.展开更多
文摘The increasing prevalence of technology in society has an impact on young people’s language use and development. Greeklish is the writing of Greek texts using the Latin instead of the Greek alphabet, a practice known as Latinization, also employed for many non-latin alphabet languages. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of Greeklish on reading time. A sample of 732 young Greeks were asked about their habits when communicating through e-mail and social media with their friends and they then participated in an experiment in which they were asked to read and understand two short texts, one written in Greek and the other in Greeklish. The findings of the research show that nearly one third of the participants use Greeklish. The results of the experiment conducted reveal that understanding is not affected by the alphabet used but reading Greeklish is significantly more time consuming than reading Greek independently of the sex and the familiarity of the participants with Greeklish. The findings suggest that amending social and communication media with software utilities related to Latinization such as language identifiers and converters may reduce reading time and thus facilitate written communication among the users.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research Agency through FEDER funds (PID2021-1261520B-100) (MICINN/AEI/FEDER, EU)CBM receives an institutional grant from the Fundación Ramón Areces, Spain。
文摘The word “senescence” comes from the Latin senescens, meaning “to begin to age”, and is characterized by a long-lasting but reversible block in proliferation, resulting from stress-induced cell cycle arrest of previously replication-competent cells.
基金“Cyborg Narratives and the Construction of 21^(st)Century Science Fiction Poetics”(22BZW175)sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China。
文摘Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.
文摘On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that,as Latin America is a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,China is willing to strengthen cooperation with Latin America,align development strategies within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),promote common development,and build a China-Latin America community with a shared future.
文摘With a long-standing tradition in the development of critical theories, Latin America seeks, through a myriad of perspectives, to understand its peripheral position within the mechanisms of the world system. This paper aims to examine the role of race and gender in sustaining the capitalist world system through the lens of decolonial studies. It considers how both categories were historically constructed during the colonial process as tools to legitimize social, economic, and political hierarchies between the dominant and the dominated. In particular, the division of labor, based on racial and gendered distinctions, was instrumental in shaping these power relations. By analyzing these categories as central elements in the formation and maintenance of the capitalist world system, the study highlights their continued influence in perpetuating inequalities today.
文摘On June 20,the 7th China-Latin America and Caribbean Think Tank Forum was held in Beijing.The forum carried the theme“Working Together to Build a China-LAC Community with a Shared Future.”Assistant Foreign Minister Miao Deyu attended the opening ceremony and delivered remarks.Leonel Caraballo Maqueira,Vice President of the Cuban Diplomatic Academy,and Martin Charles,Ambassador of Dominica to China and Representative of the Latin American and Caribbean Diplomatic Corps in China,attended the meeting and delivered speeches.
文摘On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian builders identifiable by their yellow-green,fluorescent vests,Canadian buyers carrying computer bags,and a group of Chinese individuals with aluminum alloy suitcases labeled“Foshan Ceramics”,“Yongkang Hardware”,and“Anji Bamboo Floor”.
文摘Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into neuroscience, proposing the concept of combinatorial neural codes. And it was further studied in depth using algebraic methods by C. Curto. In this paper, we construct a class of combinatorial neural codes with special properties based on classical combinatorial structures such as orthogonal Latin rectangle, disjoint Steiner systems, groupable designs and transversal designs. These neural codes have significant weight distribution properties and large minimum distances, and are thus valuable for potential applications in information representation and neuroscience. This study provides new ideas for the construction method and property analysis of combinatorial neural codes, and enriches the study of algebraic coding theory.
文摘Latin American countries possess rich resources of critical minerals,which have long underpinned their economic growth and social advancement.Meanwhile,however,these countries are grappling with excessive external dependency,underdeveloped industrial chains,low value-added exports,and weak international discourse power.In recent years,due to various external and internal factors,such as the restructuring of the global supply chains,the intensification of major-country rivalry,the transformation of regional development patterns,and the resurgence of resource nationalism,Latin American countries have been more aware of the strategic value and security attribute of critical minerals.Increasingly,they have strengthened the strategic governance of these resources from the national security perspective to defend national sovereignty over resources,enhance the resilience of their supply chains,improve industrial independence,and protect ecological security.Towards these ends,Latin American countries have been actively exploring and developing critical minerals strategies that align with global geopolitical changes and regional transformation needs.In practice,Latin American countries have tightened their control over critical minerals,considered both short-term economic gains and long-term development interests,balanced environmental protection and social responsibility,and conducted international mining cooperation based on the principles of diversity and balance.They are striving to maximize their security and development interests by seeking high-level security and high-quality development of critical mineral resources.
基金supported by the Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.23GJC01107).
文摘Green transition fosters a harmonious balance between economic growth and ecological preservation.It drives innovation and the development of sustainable technologies and practices,which in turn create new economic opportunities.In recent years,faced with severe development pressures caused by climate change and environmental issues,Latin American countries have stepped up efforts to implement green transition plans and achieved certain progress in sectors such as renewable energy,eco-friendly manufacturing,and green infrastructure.Notably,Latin America's green economy transition approach coincides with China's drive to accelerate green transition in all areas of economic and social development.Closer“green cooperation”with China will significantly boost Latin America's transition towards a green economy.
文摘Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay between energy efficiency and energy consumption highlights the essential role of strategic energy policies in ensuring sustainable development.This study used the Double-Log regression model with bootstrap resampling to examine the rebound effect in the energy transition of agribusiness focusing on five Latin American countries including Brazil,Argentina,Uruguay,Colombia,and Mexico based on the agricultural sector data during 2010–2022.The findings revealed that the rebound effect significantly influences energy transition,with varying degrees of impact across agricultural sectors.This study identified partial rebound effect across all five countries,with elasticity coefficient varying from 9.63%(Colombia’s coffee sector)to 89.12%(Brazil’s livestock sector).In Brazil’s sugarcane sector,nonrenewable energy,agricultural employment,and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption,while in livestock sector,energy consumption was affected by CH_(4)emissions,income and well-being of farmers,water consumption,and water conservation practices.In Mexico’s livestock sector,CH_(4)emissions,nonrenewable energy,and water conservation practices were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Argentina’s sugarcane sector,pesticides,NO_(2)emissions,renewable energy,and agricultural employment were the key factors affecting energy consumption,while renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and water consumption were the key factors affecting energy consumption in livestock sector.In Uruguay’s livestock sector,non-renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and irrigation efficiency were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Colombia’coffee sector,NO_(2)emissions and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption.Finally,this study reinforces the importance of aligning energy transition with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),ensuring that energy efficiency gains do not inadvertently increase energy consumption or environmental degradation.
文摘Today,more than 90%of children who are born with congenital heart disease survive and reach adulthood,especially in developed countries.Consequently,the population of adults with congenital heart disease has increased signiffcantly over the last few decades.In Latin America and the Caribbean countries,this same scenario is occurring at an accelerated pace.Loss to follow-up is a global problem in adults with congenital heart disease,ranging from 30–60%.In Latin America and Caribbean countries,it is estimated that less than 10%of adults with congenital heart disease are being followed.The small number of specialists and adult congenital heart disease specialized centers,as well as virtually nonexistent transition and transfer programs,are some of the reasons for this.This article is a narrative review of the current status of the transition and transfer of young adults with congenital heart disease,with a special focus on Latin America and Caribbean countries.It describes the general concepts of transition and transfer,analyzes barriers and,ffnally,presents specialized care alternatives that would reduce losses and improve this population’s care.
基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant No.2024NSFSC0932the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52008047。
文摘Probabilistic assessment of seismic performance(SPPA)is a crucial aspect of evaluating the seismic behavior of structures.For complex bridges with inherent uncertainties,conducting precise and efficient seismic reliability analysis remains a significant challenge.To address this issue,the current study introduces a sample-unequal weight fractional moment assessment method,which is based on an improved correlation-reduced Latin hypercube sampling(ICLHS)technique.This method integrates the benefits of important sampling techniques with interpolator quadrature formulas to enhance the accuracy of estimating the extreme value distribution(EVD)for the seismic response of complex nonlinear structures subjected to non-stationary ground motions.Additionally,the core theoretical approaches employed in seismic reliability analysis(SRA)are elaborated,such as dimension reduction for simulating non-stationary random ground motions and a fractional-maximum entropy single-loop solution strategy.The effectiveness of this proposed method is validated through a three-story nonlinear shear frame structure.Furthermore,a comprehensive reliability analysis of a real-world long-span,single-pylon suspension bridge is conducted using the developed theoretical framework within the OpenSees platform,leading to key insights and conclusions.
文摘Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sign a bilateral free trade agreement with China and the first to reach an upgraded protocol.Chile also established mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO)with China,the first country in South America to do so.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51875014,U2233212 and 51875015)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,China(No.L221008)+1 种基金Science,Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo of China(No.2022Z005)the Tianmushan Laboratory Project,China(No.TK2023-B-001)。
文摘For uncertainty quantification of complex models with high-dimensional,nonlinear,multi-component coupling like digital twins,traditional statistical sampling methods,such as random sampling and Latin hypercube sampling,require a large number of samples,which entails huge computational costs.Therefore,how to construct a small-size sample space has been a hot issue of interest for researchers.To this end,this paper proposes a sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme to generate efficient and accurate samples for uncertainty quantification.First,the sampling range of the samples is formed by carving the polymorphic uncertainty based on theoretical analysis.Then,the optimal Latin hypercube design is selected using the Latin hypercube sampling method combined with the"space filling"criterion.Finally,the sample selection function is established,and the next most informative sample is optimally selected to obtain the sequential test sample.Compared with the classical sampling method,the generated samples can retain more information on the basis of sparsity.A series of numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed sequential search-based Latin hypercube sampling scheme,which is a way to provide reliable uncertainty quantification results with small sample sizes.
基金the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs,Canada,who supported this project by providing updated soil information on Ontario and Middlesex Countysupported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN-2014-4100)。
文摘Conventional soil maps(CSMs)often have multiple soil types within a single polygon,which hinders the ability of machine learning to accurately predict soils.Soil disaggregation approaches are commonly used to improve the spatial and attribute precision of CSMs.The approach disaggregation and harmonization of soil map units through resampled classification trees(DSMART)is popular but computationally intensive,as it generates and assigns synthetic samples to soil series based on the areal coverage information of CSMs.Alternatively,the disaggregation approach pure polygon disaggregation(PPD)assigns soil series based solely on the proportions of soil series in pure polygons in CSMs.This study compared these two disaggregation approaches by applying them to a CSM of Middlesex County,Ontario,Canada.Four different sampling methods were used:two sampling designs,simple random sampling(SRS)and conditional Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS),with two sample sizes(83100 and 19420 samples per sampling plan),both based on an area-weighted approach.Two machine learning algorithms(MLAs),C5.0 decision tree(C5.0)and random forest(RF),were applied to the disaggregation approaches to compare the disaggregation accuracy.The accuracy assessment utilized a set of 500 validation points obtained from the Middlesex County soil survey report.The MLA C5.0(Kappa index=0.58–0.63)showed better performance than RF(Kappa index=0.53–0.54)based on the larger sample size,and PPD with C5.0 based on the larger sample size was the best-performing(Kappa index=0.63)approach.Based on the smaller sample size,both cLHS(Kappa index=0.41–0.48)and SRS(Kappa index=0.40–0.47)produced similar accuracy results.The disaggregation approach PPD exhibited lower processing capacity and time demands(1.62–5.93 h)while yielding maps with lower uncertainty as compared to DSMART(2.75–194.2 h).For CSMs predominantly composed of pure polygons,utilizing PPD for soil series disaggregation is a more efficient and rational choice.However,DSMART is the preferable approach for disaggregating soil series that lack pure polygon representations in the CSMs.
文摘This paper introduces the Particle SwarmOptimization(PSO)algorithmto enhance the LatinHypercube Sampling(LHS)process.The key objective is to mitigate the issues of lengthy computation times and low computational accuracy typically encountered when applying Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)to LHS for probabilistic trend calculations.The PSOmethod optimizes sample distribution,enhances global search capabilities,and significantly boosts computational efficiency.To validate its effectiveness,the proposed method was applied to IEEE34 and IEEE-118 node systems containing wind power.The performance was then compared with Latin Hypercubic Important Sampling(LHIS),which integrates significant sampling with theMonte Carlomethod.The comparison results indicate that the PSO-enhanced method significantly improves the uniformity and representativeness of the sampling.This enhancement leads to a reduction in data errors and an improvement in both computational accuracy and convergence speed.
文摘The ability to predict the anti-interference communications performance of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)data links is critical for intelligent route planning of UAVs in real combat scenarios.Previous research in this area has encountered several limitations:Classifiers exhibit low training efficiency,their precision is notably reduced when dealing with imbalanced samples,and they cannot be applied to the condition where the UAV’s flight altitude and the antenna bearing vary.This paper proposes the sequential Latin hypercube sampling(SLHS)-support vector machine(SVM)-AdaBoost algorithm,which enhances the training efficiency of the base classifier and circumvents local optima during the search process through SLHS optimization.Additionally,it mitigates the bottleneck of sample imbalance by adjusting the sample weight distribution using the AdaBoost algorithm.Through comparison,the modeling efficiency,prediction accuracy on the test set,and macro-averaged values of precision,recall,and F1-score for SLHS-SVM-AdaBoost are improved by 22.7%,5.7%,36.0%,25.0%,and 34.2%,respectively,compared with Grid-SVM.Additionally,these values are improved by 22.2%,2.1%,11.3%,2.8%,and 7.4%,respectively,compared with particle swarm optimization(PSO)-SVM-AdaBoost.Combining Latin hypercube sampling with the SLHS-SVM-AdaBoost algorithm,the classification prediction model of anti-interference performance of UAV data links,which took factors like three-dimensional position of UAV and antenna bearing into consideration,is established and used to assess the safety of the classical flying path and optimize the flying route.It was found that the risk of loss of communications could not be completely avoided by adjusting the flying altitude based on the classical path,whereas intelligent path planning based on the classification prediction model of anti-interference performance can realize complete avoidance of being interfered meanwhile reducing the route length by at least 2.3%,thus benefiting both safety and operation efficiency.
文摘In a world of Google and AI, developing an encyclopedic coverage of a theme that is of great interest to biologists, social scientists, politicians and environmental managers, is a daunting challenge. Wattles is a book that presents new knowledge, makes interesting reading, and has the potential to stimulate research in a variety of disciplines. We learn that Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a genus of shrubs and trees comprising 1,083 species of which 417 are known to have been introduced to areas outside their native range. We are surprised to read that Australian acacias are found almost everywhere, in virtually all terrestrial habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, alpine settings,rainforests, coastal dunes and deserts, causing major environmental and socio-economic changes in the invaded regions. Until recently, Acacia comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America and Australasia, but the name is now reserved for species predominantly from Australia, including some from Southeast Asia. The genus name Acacia is Neo-Latin, and refers to a preparation extracted from the leaves and fruit pods of Vachellia nilotica, the original type of the genus.
基金funding support from the China Scholarship Council(CSC).
文摘Spatial variability of soil properties imposes a challenge for practical analysis and design in geotechnical engineering.The latter is particularly true for slope stability assessment,where the effects of uncertainty are synthesized in the so-called probability of failure.This probability quantifies the reliability of a slope and its numerical calculation is usually quite involved from a numerical viewpoint.In view of this issue,this paper proposes an approach for failure probability assessment based on Latinized partially stratified sampling and maximum entropy distribution with fractional moments.The spatial variability of geotechnical properties is represented by means of random fields and the Karhunen-Loève expansion.Then,failure probabilities are estimated employing maximum entropy distribution with fractional moments.The application of the proposed approach is examined with two examples:a case study of an undrained slope and a case study of a slope with cross-correlated random fields of strength parameters under a drained slope.The results show that the proposed approach has excellent accuracy and high efficiency,and it can be applied straightforwardly to similar geotechnical engineering problems.
