Fish maw(the dried swimbladders of fish) is ranked in the list of the four sea treasures in Chinese cuisine. Fish maw is mainly produced from croaker, which is the most highly priced. However, some of the fish maw bei...Fish maw(the dried swimbladders of fish) is ranked in the list of the four sea treasures in Chinese cuisine. Fish maw is mainly produced from croaker, which is the most highly priced. However, some of the fish maw being sold as croaker maw are in fact not from croaker, but from the Nile perch Lates niloticus. The present work determined and compared the proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of croaker Protonibea diacanthus maw and perch L. niloticus maw. The results indicated that both maws were high protein sources and low in fat content. The dominant amino acids in both maws were glycine, proline, glutamic acid, alanine and arginine. These amino acids constituted 66.2% and 66.4% of the total amino acids in P. diacanthus and L. niloticus, respectively. The ratio of FAA: TAA(functional amino acids: total amino acids) in both maws were 0.69. This is a good explanation for why fish maws have been widely utilized as a traditional tonic and remedy in Asia. Except valine and histidine, all the essential amino acid contents in P. diacanthus were higher than in L. niloticus. Moreover, croaker P. diacanthus maw contained more AA and DHA than perch L. niloticus maw, showing a higher ratio of n-3 / n-6, which is more desirable.展开更多
A total of 160 barramundi's (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) sampled from four rivers (Tentulia, Balaswar, Bakkhali, and Andarmanik) along the southern coastal region of Bangladesh were investigated in terms of morp...A total of 160 barramundi's (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) sampled from four rivers (Tentulia, Balaswar, Bakkhali, and Andarmanik) along the southern coastal region of Bangladesh were investigated in terms of morphometric characters to reveal the intraspecific variation. Twenty-five morphometric measurements were extracted using the conventional method and subjected to multivariate analyses (i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), discriminate function analysis (DFA), cluster analysis (CA)) to distinguish individuals from different rivers. The result demonstrated that twenty-two out of 25 measurements was statistically significant (Univariate ANOVA) among all four populations. PCA analysis of morphometric characters resulted in two principal components, PC I and PCⅡ which accounted for 79.25% and 4.28% of the total data variance. PC I-PC Ⅱ plot explained 83.53% of total variance differentiated the population of L. calcarifer into two groups. Discriminate analysis correctly classified about 88.1% of the examined fish into the four areas. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that Bakkhali populations were the most morphologically different populations in comparison to other populations, while Andarmanik and Balaswar populations were very close to each other. The strong morphometric variation between Bakkhali and Tentulia, Andarmanik and Balaswar was observed in the present study, suggested the evidence of the separate stock population of barramundi in these locations, which might require distinct stock management strategies for resource sustainability in the waters of southern Bangladesh. However, if these findings are supported by further molecular markers and geometric morphometry, this would be a strong indication of different stocks of this population in the four rivers of southern Bangladesh.展开更多
Total of 1072 Asian seabass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were harvested at two different locations in Queensland, Australia. Each fish was digitally photographed and weighed. A subsample of 200 images (100 from ea...Total of 1072 Asian seabass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were harvested at two different locations in Queensland, Australia. Each fish was digitally photographed and weighed. A subsample of 200 images (100 from each location) were manually segmented to extract the fish-body area (S in cm2), excluding all fins. After scaling the segmented images to 1mm per pixel, the fish mass values (M in grams) were fitted by a single-factor model (M=aS1.5, a=0.1695 )achieving the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) of R2=0.9819 and MARE=5.1%, respectively. A segmentation Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was trained on the 200 hand-segmented images, and then applied to the rest of the available images. The CNN predicted fish-body areas were used to fit the mass-area estimation models: the single-factor model, M=aS1.5, a=0.170, R2=0.9819, MARE=5.1%;and the two-factor model, M= aSb, a=0.124, b=0.155, R2=0.9834, MARE=4.5%.展开更多
Objective: While the most common causes of late life psychosis are factors other than primary psychosis, but the nosology and clinical features of late life, primary psychotic is a matter of controversy. The goal of t...Objective: While the most common causes of late life psychosis are factors other than primary psychosis, but the nosology and clinical features of late life, primary psychotic is a matter of controversy. The goal of this study was to define some correlates and symptoms profile of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis among an Iranian elderly population presenting with psychosis. Method: From 201 psychotic elderly patients, 39 (19.4%) subjects with the most possible diagnosis of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis were selected. Socio demographic characteristics, past psychiatric history, family history of psychiatric problems, personality traits, cognitive status, history of stressful life events, and burden of medical problems assessed and compared between patients and 39 age and sex mathed controls. Results: The mean age of study sample was 76.9 years. Of 39 patients with VLOSLP, 13 (33.3%) were male and 26 (66.6%) were female. In 32 patients (82.05%) some sorts of hallucinatory experiences were detected. Visual hallucinations were the most common types of hallucinations (69.2%) followed by auditory hallucinations (51.35%) and tactile hallucinations (4%). Persecutory delusions (59%);delusions of references (20.5%);and partition delusions (15.4%) were the most common types of delusions. Significant proportion suffered from some sort of sensory deficit like visual or auditory deficits. There was no significant difference in terms of history of traumatic life events, cognitive function;cumulative burden of medical conditions and personality traits between patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05) Conclusions: Female involved two times more than male. The most common types of psychotic symptoms were visual hallucinations and persecutory delusions. Except sex, exploring other demographics, psychological and physical correlates for VLSOLP patients was not conclusive. More controlled studies using neuroimaging and biomarkers are needed in this issue.展开更多
Following the greatest known end-Permian mass extinction plants have low diversity. Lycopsids and conifers dominated on land. A new gymnosperm Xinjiangoxylon gen. nov. is proposed based on a woody stem specimen collec...Following the greatest known end-Permian mass extinction plants have low diversity. Lycopsids and conifers dominated on land. A new gymnosperm Xinjiangoxylon gen. nov. is proposed based on a woody stem specimen collected from the Upper Permian （latest, Changhsingian） Upper Guodikeng Formation of the Taoshuyuan section, Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. The decorticated stem is characterized by a complex pith, endarch primary xylem and a thick secondary xylem cylinder. Numerous petrified woods were found in the Changhsingian at this section. However, there are rare wood fossils in the Early Triassic. The abrupt decrease of fossil woods worldwide relates to the crisis at the end of the Permian. Xinjiangoxylon turpanense gen et. sp. nov. appears to represents one gymnosperm that existed in the latest Permian.展开更多
Paired organic and carbonate carbon isotope compositions of Late Permian Wujiaping （吴家坪） and Dalong （大隆） formations at Shangsi （上寺）, Northeast Sichuan （四川） were analyzed by MAT 251. An abrupt negative...Paired organic and carbonate carbon isotope compositions of Late Permian Wujiaping （吴家坪） and Dalong （大隆） formations at Shangsi （上寺）, Northeast Sichuan （四川） were analyzed by MAT 251. An abrupt negative excursion in the two isotope records was observed in the middle part of Dalong Formation, in association with a drop in the carbon isotope difference of the two records and an increase of total organic carbon （TOC） content. The negative drop of the paired carbon isotope records is suggestive of the input of 12C-enriched CO2. The molecular ratios of pristane to phytane and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene indicate the anoxic condition in this interval. The enhanced TOC content is indicative of the elevated preservation of organic matter due to the anoxic condition. These isotopic and organic geochemical data probably infer the occurrence of the upwelling in this interval. The additional contribution of volcanism activity observed in South China cannot be excluded to the input of 12C-enriched CO2 and the negative shifts in carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter and carbonate.展开更多
Previous studies on the Late Permian shallow-water ostracod faunas in South China have greatly increased our knowledge on the Late Permian ostracods.But the absence of data on contemporary deep-water ostracods makes i...Previous studies on the Late Permian shallow-water ostracod faunas in South China have greatly increased our knowledge on the Late Permian ostracods.But the absence of data on contemporary deep-water ostracods makes it difficult to comprehensively understand the Late Permian ostracods during the largest extinction among the"Big Five"in the Phanerozoic. During the past years,our work has been focused展开更多
Ceratodus is a form genus of ceratodontid lungfishes.Until now,only 14 specimens have been reported from the Mesozoic of China.Detailed measurements and characteristic comparisons based on 15 well-preserved lungfish t...Ceratodus is a form genus of ceratodontid lungfishes.Until now,only 14 specimens have been reported from the Mesozoic of China.Detailed measurements and characteristic comparisons based on 15 well-preserved lungfish tooth plates of Ceratodus type,uncovered from the upper member of the Upper Jurassic Shaximiao Formation at Luojiashan,Qianfeng District,Guang'an,Sichuan Province in 2019,allow us to establish a new species,Ceratodus guanganensis sp.nov.,on the basis of its small swollen irregular triangular tooth plate with four low and swollen radial crests on the occlusal surface without denticles.Other specimens from the same locality can be referred to C.szechuanensis and C.youngi.This is the first discovery of Ceratodus in the Guang'an region and represents the fifth Ceratodus fossil site in the Sichuan Basin.The discovery indicates that the climate was hot and arid in the Sichuan Basin during the Late Jurassic,and reveals a tectonic paleogeographic relationship between the Yangtze block in southwestern China and the Kola Basin in northern Thailand.展开更多
Late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the main fungal diseases hampering groundnut production world...Late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the main fungal diseases hampering groundnut production worldwide. Late leaf spot accounts for significant yield losses throughout the world where groundnuts are grown. This reduction in yield caused by the disease could result in yield losses of between 50% and 70%. In Burkina Faso, the disease is present throughout the country, with incidence varying according to region and season. Could the variability in the incidence of the disease be linked to the nature of the isolates or to the conditions from each agro-ecological zone? In this study, the aim was to assess the capacity of three isolates from three agroclimatic zones of the country to defoliate and reduce groundnut yield. To this end, three isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.) were collected in these zones and evaluated on three contrasting groundnut varieties. A split-splot design was used for the experiment. Isolates were prepared from samples collected in farmers’ fields. After incubation in the laboratory, leaf spots showing good sporulation were scraped off with a scalpel after immersing the leaves in distilled water. Inoculations were carried out under controlled environment. After inoculation with the isolate, the percentage of defoliation and the reduction in yield of these varieties were then evaluated. Inoculation was carried out from the 30th day after sowing with Cercosporidium personatum spore suspensions at 10<sup>5</sup> spores/ml. The study showed that the percentage of defoliation (P = 0.0001) and the reduction in yield (P = 0.0001) were significant. The study revealed that, whatever the variety, isolate I3TF from the Upper Basins region in the South Sudanese zone caused the greatest defoliation and the greatest reduction in yield. The variety TS32-1, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the best yield. The variety PC79-79, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the lowest percentage of defoliation. The highest defoliation recorded under the effect of the isolates was of the order of 72.20%;the highest yield reduction was of the order of 87.20% compared with the water control.展开更多
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) late leaf spot is an important disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. Et M. A Curt.). This fungus is responsible for the most damaging leaf spots in peanut production. The pres...Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) late leaf spot is an important disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. Et M. A Curt.). This fungus is responsible for the most damaging leaf spots in peanut production. The present experiment was undertaken to evaluate the pathogenic variability of Phaeoisariopsis personata in Burkina Faso. To this end, detached leaves and healthy plants of three peanut varieties were inoculated. Isolates I3TF, I2TG and I1TK of the pathogen (10<sup>5</sup> conidia/ml), collected respectively in the western, central and eastern agroecological zones of country, were used. The inoculated leaves were kept in Petri dishes on moist blotting paper and stored in the laboratory during the experimental period. The inoculated plants were grown under glass in pots containing a mixture of sterilized sand and clay. The development of disease was monitored and severity was scored every 15 days using rating scale. The results obtained in the laboratory and in the greenhouse revealed that there is pathogenic variability in the isolates tested. Indeed, for each variety, the highest severity score was recorded in plants inoculated with isolate I3TF and the lowest severity score with isolate I1TG. In the laboratory the severity scores ranged from 6.76 to 8.80 in TS32-1, 6.18 to 8.29 in SH70P and 5.98 to 7.92 in PC79-79. In the greenhouse, the average severity scores ranged from 5.61 to 8.33 in TS32-1, from 5.19 to 8.00 in SH70P, from 4.90 to 7.50 in PC79-79. Thus, the variety TS32-1 was the most susceptible to all three isolates of the pathogen.展开更多
To establish a new breeding program,genetic diversity of five domesticated populations and two commercial stocks of Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)were examined.Moderate levels of genetic diversity based on microsatel...To establish a new breeding program,genetic diversity of five domesticated populations and two commercial stocks of Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)were examined.Moderate levels of genetic diversity based on microsatellite polymorphism were found.The number of alleles per locus(NA)was 3.429–11.571.Observed(Ho)and expected(He)heterozygosities were 0.416–0.772 and 0.423–0.805.FST and genetic heterogeneity analysis revealed significant genetic differences of most pairwise comparisons(P<0.001).Genetic distance between populations was 0.000–0.703.Phylogenetic analysis divided examined populations to two genetic stocks;A:DOF-Chachoengsao 2,DOF-Songkhla,and DOF-Trang and B:Commercial Farm 1(Phuket)and Commercial Farm 2(Chachengsao),DOF-Chachoengsao 1 and DOF-Krabi.The base population(G0,51 families)was established from crosses between these founder populations.Heritability and estimated breeding values(EBVs)for growth in G0 families were evaluated at 519 day post hatch(dph,mean body weight=616.64±266.80 g,N=1655).The heritability(h2)for growth of L.calcarifer in this study was 0.386±0.020.The additive genetic coefficient of variation was 28%indicating high potential of genetic improvement for growth in this population.The distribution of EBVs showed high variation both between and within families.Fish exhibiting high EBVs(SATREPS-DOF-G0-hEBVs)clustered with a phylogenetic clade A while the SATREPS-DOF-G0-lEBVs group was phylogenetically allocated to clade B.Genetic selection with+1SD criteria is expected to achieve genetic gain of 28.5%per generation.The information on genetic diversity and EBVs estimates allows efficient implementation of our ongoing breeding program of L.calcarifer.展开更多
In recent decades, the application of antifouling paints to watercrafts has emerged as a significant concern in coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs. Diuron, a booster biocide commonly used as an antifouling agen...In recent decades, the application of antifouling paints to watercrafts has emerged as a significant concern in coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs. Diuron, a booster biocide commonly used as an antifouling agent, is persistent in soil, water, and groundwater. Although it exhibits moderate toxicity to mammals and birds, its primary breakdown product, 3,4-dichloroaniline, is highly toxic and environmentally persistent. The secondary toxicity of Diuron emphasizes its potential to contaminate groundwater. This investigation determined the 96-hour LC50 value for Diuron to be 1.627 ± 0.181 mg/L in Lates calcarifer. A 21-day sublethal exposure of Lates calcarifer to diuron did not yield statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in fatty acid composition between the fresh and control groups. Both groups demonstrated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as the most abundant fatty acids, followed by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). However, significant variations (P Lates calcarifer exposed to varying diuron concentrations (50%, 30%, and 10% of the LC50 value). The magnitude of these effects increased with increasing exposure levels. The results of this study indicate that diuron, even at concentrations considered safe, can adversely affect marine organisms, including alterations to their fatty acid composition.展开更多
Objective:To describe and observe four types of neoplasms on different parts(external and internal organs)of an Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer).Methods:The sample was collected from local fish landing center(south ea...Objective:To describe and observe four types of neoplasms on different parts(external and internal organs)of an Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer).Methods:The sample was collected from local fish landing center(south east coast of India).Histopathology of normal and tumour tissues were analyzed.Results:A total of 83 tumour masses(neoplasm)were recorded on the fish skin,also the neoplasms were recorded in internal organs of fish such as liver,stomach and ovary.Conclusions:Aetiology of such neoplasm’s are unknown,further more researches need to confirm the causative agent for this type of neoplasm.展开更多
Five new small theropod teeth and one manual ungual have recently been recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin.The specimens were examined for their morphological characteristics,l...Five new small theropod teeth and one manual ungual have recently been recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin.The specimens were examined for their morphological characteristics,leading to the identification of four distinct taxa.The first taxon consists of three foliodont teeth characterized by a pronounced basal constriction and large hook-like distal denticles,which can be attributed to Troodontidae.The second taxon is represented by an elongated tooth featuring prominent longitudinal ridges,allowing for its assignment to Paronychodon.The third taxon is a bladelike tooth with notably small distal denticles,corresponding to Richardoestesia.The fourth taxon comprises a manual ungual characterized by a transversely wide and nearly symmetrical proximal articular surface,fully enclosed ventral foramina,a flattened ventral surface,and the absence of a flexor tubercle,resembling Alvarezsauridae.These specimens significantly enhance the known dinosaur diversity of the Nenjiang Formation and provide crucial insights for understanding the terrestrial ecosystem in Northeast Asia during the Late Cretaceous.展开更多
A wealth of geological and geochemical evidence indicates that plate tectonics was initiated in the Archean,though its style differing from that in the Phanerozoic,largely due to higher temperatures of convective mant...A wealth of geological and geochemical evidence indicates that plate tectonics was initiated in the Archean,though its style differing from that in the Phanerozoic,largely due to higher temperatures of convective mantle.Understanding the specific characteristics for the operation of ancient plate tectonics is critical for deciphering the formation and evolution of continental crust on early Earth,as well as the progressive development of Earth’s habitability.Through an in-depth analysis of geology and geochemistry for two events of late Archean crustal growth in the North China Craton,this study suggests that Archean plate tectonics would likely undergo the gradual evolution from immature to mature phases.The North China Craton experienced two major episodes of crustal growth at~2.9-2.7 and~2.6-2.5 Ga,respectively,represented by peaks in isotopic model ages of Archean felsic gneisses and widespread mafic rocks in greenstone belts.Although the preserved mafic rocks in greenstone belts generally exhibit arc-like trace element signatures,the early mafic crust formed at~2.9-2.7 Ga is limited in volume,with most of it having been reworked within several hundred million years.Tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG),produced by partial melting of such mafic crust,show zircon Hf-O isotope compositions indicative of sources consisting of seawater-hydrothermally altered oceanic crustal rocks with varying ages,suggesting that the early mafic crust was likely dominated by oceanic basalts.The medium-to low-pressure signatures of TTG rocks further imply that the oceanic crust was not subducted deeply to mantle depths,but instead was accreted to the margin of proto-continental nuclei due to aborted subduction.In contrast,the~2.6-2.5 Ga crustal growth event preserved a greater volume of mafic rocks.For these mafic rocks,the enrichment of incompatible elements correlates with water contents estimated from whole-rock major elements,indicating that their arc-like trace element features were associated with fluid metasomatism of the source region.Integrated with regional geological evidence from~2.5 Ga,such as ophiolites containing ultrahigh-pressure mineral inclusions and eclogite-facies remnants of oceanic crust,these observations suggest that modern-style plate subduction was likely in operation by the end of the Late Archean.Therefore,the modern plate tectonics regime did not emerge abruptly,but underwent a gradual evolution controlled by the thermal state of plate margins.It is this evolving tectonic regime that drove the significant crustal growth during the Archean.The two distinct episodes of crustal growth ultimately led to the formation of the North China Craton.展开更多
Scandium(Sc)is a critical metal with increasing demand driven by its applications in high-technology industries.The Late Permian claystones in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou region of southwestern(SW)China represent a pot...Scandium(Sc)is a critical metal with increasing demand driven by its applications in high-technology industries.The Late Permian claystones in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou region of southwestern(SW)China represent a potentially new and important Sc resource.This study investigates the distribution,occurrence,and source of Sc in claystones from the Weining area in western Guizhou,and discusses its precipitation mechanism.The sedimentary succession primarily comprises successive layers of ferric,aluminous,carbonaceous,tuffaceous,and silty clastic claystones from bottom to top.Scandium is mainly enriched in ferric claystones,with concentrations reaching up to 56 ppm,while other types contain less than 30 ppm.The principal Sc-hosting minerals include goethite,anatase,brookite,zircon,and xenotime.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates that Sc(~0.9 wt%)is homogeneously distributed within nanometer-scale zircon.The presence of xenotime inclusions within zircon suggests a sedimentary origin.Rare earth element and platinum-group element patterns,together with trace element ratios,indicate that Sc in ferric horizons was derived from intense subaerial weathering of high-Ti basalts and precipitated under oxygenated aquatic conditions.Subsequent multi-stage hydrodynamic processes,including marine transgression-regression and fluvial reworking,facilitated Sc remobilization via mineral dissolution-reprecipitation,ultimately leading to further enrichment within ferric horizons through downward migration.展开更多
Sporadic or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease(LOAD)occurs in 1 of 10 people over 65 years of age and comprises 95%of all AD patients.Unlike early-onset AD,which is caused by defined single gene mutations,the mechanisms ...Sporadic or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease(LOAD)occurs in 1 of 10 people over 65 years of age and comprises 95%of all AD patients.Unlike early-onset AD,which is caused by defined single gene mutations,the mechanisms and events underlying risk for LOAD are not fully understood and no substantial disease-modifying interventions are currently available.Age is the most prominent risk factor for LOAD,and interacting age-related and LOAD-associated factors contribute to its pathogenesis.Among these factors are changes in bioenergetic cell functions,which metabolize substrates and produce energy stored in adenosine triphosphate.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31201999)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No.2014A030307022)+5 种基金the Special Support Program of Guangdong Province, China (No.2014TQ01N621)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Teachers in Higher Education of Guangdong, China (No.Yq2014115)the Foundation of Education Bureau of Guangdong Province (No.2014KTSCX159)the Technology Program of Guangdong Province (No.2015A030302089)the Overseas Scholarship Program for Elite Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Lingnan Normal University, the Technology Program of Zhanjiang (Nos.2015A03017, 2014A03011)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University (No.2015KB04)
文摘Fish maw(the dried swimbladders of fish) is ranked in the list of the four sea treasures in Chinese cuisine. Fish maw is mainly produced from croaker, which is the most highly priced. However, some of the fish maw being sold as croaker maw are in fact not from croaker, but from the Nile perch Lates niloticus. The present work determined and compared the proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of croaker Protonibea diacanthus maw and perch L. niloticus maw. The results indicated that both maws were high protein sources and low in fat content. The dominant amino acids in both maws were glycine, proline, glutamic acid, alanine and arginine. These amino acids constituted 66.2% and 66.4% of the total amino acids in P. diacanthus and L. niloticus, respectively. The ratio of FAA: TAA(functional amino acids: total amino acids) in both maws were 0.69. This is a good explanation for why fish maws have been widely utilized as a traditional tonic and remedy in Asia. Except valine and histidine, all the essential amino acid contents in P. diacanthus were higher than in L. niloticus. Moreover, croaker P. diacanthus maw contained more AA and DHA than perch L. niloticus maw, showing a higher ratio of n-3 / n-6, which is more desirable.
文摘A total of 160 barramundi's (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) sampled from four rivers (Tentulia, Balaswar, Bakkhali, and Andarmanik) along the southern coastal region of Bangladesh were investigated in terms of morphometric characters to reveal the intraspecific variation. Twenty-five morphometric measurements were extracted using the conventional method and subjected to multivariate analyses (i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), discriminate function analysis (DFA), cluster analysis (CA)) to distinguish individuals from different rivers. The result demonstrated that twenty-two out of 25 measurements was statistically significant (Univariate ANOVA) among all four populations. PCA analysis of morphometric characters resulted in two principal components, PC I and PCⅡ which accounted for 79.25% and 4.28% of the total data variance. PC I-PC Ⅱ plot explained 83.53% of total variance differentiated the population of L. calcarifer into two groups. Discriminate analysis correctly classified about 88.1% of the examined fish into the four areas. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that Bakkhali populations were the most morphologically different populations in comparison to other populations, while Andarmanik and Balaswar populations were very close to each other. The strong morphometric variation between Bakkhali and Tentulia, Andarmanik and Balaswar was observed in the present study, suggested the evidence of the separate stock population of barramundi in these locations, which might require distinct stock management strategies for resource sustainability in the waters of southern Bangladesh. However, if these findings are supported by further molecular markers and geometric morphometry, this would be a strong indication of different stocks of this population in the four rivers of southern Bangladesh.
文摘Total of 1072 Asian seabass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were harvested at two different locations in Queensland, Australia. Each fish was digitally photographed and weighed. A subsample of 200 images (100 from each location) were manually segmented to extract the fish-body area (S in cm2), excluding all fins. After scaling the segmented images to 1mm per pixel, the fish mass values (M in grams) were fitted by a single-factor model (M=aS1.5, a=0.1695 )achieving the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) of R2=0.9819 and MARE=5.1%, respectively. A segmentation Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was trained on the 200 hand-segmented images, and then applied to the rest of the available images. The CNN predicted fish-body areas were used to fit the mass-area estimation models: the single-factor model, M=aS1.5, a=0.170, R2=0.9819, MARE=5.1%;and the two-factor model, M= aSb, a=0.124, b=0.155, R2=0.9834, MARE=4.5%.
文摘Objective: While the most common causes of late life psychosis are factors other than primary psychosis, but the nosology and clinical features of late life, primary psychotic is a matter of controversy. The goal of this study was to define some correlates and symptoms profile of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis among an Iranian elderly population presenting with psychosis. Method: From 201 psychotic elderly patients, 39 (19.4%) subjects with the most possible diagnosis of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis were selected. Socio demographic characteristics, past psychiatric history, family history of psychiatric problems, personality traits, cognitive status, history of stressful life events, and burden of medical problems assessed and compared between patients and 39 age and sex mathed controls. Results: The mean age of study sample was 76.9 years. Of 39 patients with VLOSLP, 13 (33.3%) were male and 26 (66.6%) were female. In 32 patients (82.05%) some sorts of hallucinatory experiences were detected. Visual hallucinations were the most common types of hallucinations (69.2%) followed by auditory hallucinations (51.35%) and tactile hallucinations (4%). Persecutory delusions (59%);delusions of references (20.5%);and partition delusions (15.4%) were the most common types of delusions. Significant proportion suffered from some sort of sensory deficit like visual or auditory deficits. There was no significant difference in terms of history of traumatic life events, cognitive function;cumulative burden of medical conditions and personality traits between patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05) Conclusions: Female involved two times more than male. The most common types of psychotic symptoms were visual hallucinations and persecutory delusions. Except sex, exploring other demographics, psychological and physical correlates for VLSOLP patients was not conclusive. More controlled studies using neuroimaging and biomarkers are needed in this issue.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40972002,41272024)China Geological Survey (Grant No.1212011120142)State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology(Grant No. GBL11302)
文摘Following the greatest known end-Permian mass extinction plants have low diversity. Lycopsids and conifers dominated on land. A new gymnosperm Xinjiangoxylon gen. nov. is proposed based on a woody stem specimen collected from the Upper Permian （latest, Changhsingian） Upper Guodikeng Formation of the Taoshuyuan section, Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. The decorticated stem is characterized by a complex pith, endarch primary xylem and a thick secondary xylem cylinder. Numerous petrified woods were found in the Changhsingian at this section. However, there are rare wood fossils in the Early Triassic. The abrupt decrease of fossil woods worldwide relates to the crisis at the end of the Permian. Xinjiangoxylon turpanense gen et. sp. nov. appears to represents one gymnosperm that existed in the latest Permian.
基金supported by the SINOPEC project (G0800-06-ZS-319)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730209)
文摘Paired organic and carbonate carbon isotope compositions of Late Permian Wujiaping （吴家坪） and Dalong （大隆） formations at Shangsi （上寺）, Northeast Sichuan （四川） were analyzed by MAT 251. An abrupt negative excursion in the two isotope records was observed in the middle part of Dalong Formation, in association with a drop in the carbon isotope difference of the two records and an increase of total organic carbon （TOC） content. The negative drop of the paired carbon isotope records is suggestive of the input of 12C-enriched CO2. The molecular ratios of pristane to phytane and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene indicate the anoxic condition in this interval. The enhanced TOC content is indicative of the elevated preservation of organic matter due to the anoxic condition. These isotopic and organic geochemical data probably infer the occurrence of the upwelling in this interval. The additional contribution of volcanism activity observed in South China cannot be excluded to the input of 12C-enriched CO2 and the negative shifts in carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter and carbonate.
文摘Previous studies on the Late Permian shallow-water ostracod faunas in South China have greatly increased our knowledge on the Late Permian ostracods.But the absence of data on contemporary deep-water ostracods makes it difficult to comprehensively understand the Late Permian ostracods during the largest extinction among the"Big Five"in the Phanerozoic. During the past years,our work has been focused
基金This work has been funded by the Land and Resources survey project(Grant No.DD20221690 and DD20190524).
文摘Ceratodus is a form genus of ceratodontid lungfishes.Until now,only 14 specimens have been reported from the Mesozoic of China.Detailed measurements and characteristic comparisons based on 15 well-preserved lungfish tooth plates of Ceratodus type,uncovered from the upper member of the Upper Jurassic Shaximiao Formation at Luojiashan,Qianfeng District,Guang'an,Sichuan Province in 2019,allow us to establish a new species,Ceratodus guanganensis sp.nov.,on the basis of its small swollen irregular triangular tooth plate with four low and swollen radial crests on the occlusal surface without denticles.Other specimens from the same locality can be referred to C.szechuanensis and C.youngi.This is the first discovery of Ceratodus in the Guang'an region and represents the fifth Ceratodus fossil site in the Sichuan Basin.The discovery indicates that the climate was hot and arid in the Sichuan Basin during the Late Jurassic,and reveals a tectonic paleogeographic relationship between the Yangtze block in southwestern China and the Kola Basin in northern Thailand.
文摘Late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the main fungal diseases hampering groundnut production worldwide. Late leaf spot accounts for significant yield losses throughout the world where groundnuts are grown. This reduction in yield caused by the disease could result in yield losses of between 50% and 70%. In Burkina Faso, the disease is present throughout the country, with incidence varying according to region and season. Could the variability in the incidence of the disease be linked to the nature of the isolates or to the conditions from each agro-ecological zone? In this study, the aim was to assess the capacity of three isolates from three agroclimatic zones of the country to defoliate and reduce groundnut yield. To this end, three isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.) were collected in these zones and evaluated on three contrasting groundnut varieties. A split-splot design was used for the experiment. Isolates were prepared from samples collected in farmers’ fields. After incubation in the laboratory, leaf spots showing good sporulation were scraped off with a scalpel after immersing the leaves in distilled water. Inoculations were carried out under controlled environment. After inoculation with the isolate, the percentage of defoliation and the reduction in yield of these varieties were then evaluated. Inoculation was carried out from the 30th day after sowing with Cercosporidium personatum spore suspensions at 10<sup>5</sup> spores/ml. The study showed that the percentage of defoliation (P = 0.0001) and the reduction in yield (P = 0.0001) were significant. The study revealed that, whatever the variety, isolate I3TF from the Upper Basins region in the South Sudanese zone caused the greatest defoliation and the greatest reduction in yield. The variety TS32-1, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the best yield. The variety PC79-79, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the lowest percentage of defoliation. The highest defoliation recorded under the effect of the isolates was of the order of 72.20%;the highest yield reduction was of the order of 87.20% compared with the water control.
文摘Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) late leaf spot is an important disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. Et M. A Curt.). This fungus is responsible for the most damaging leaf spots in peanut production. The present experiment was undertaken to evaluate the pathogenic variability of Phaeoisariopsis personata in Burkina Faso. To this end, detached leaves and healthy plants of three peanut varieties were inoculated. Isolates I3TF, I2TG and I1TK of the pathogen (10<sup>5</sup> conidia/ml), collected respectively in the western, central and eastern agroecological zones of country, were used. The inoculated leaves were kept in Petri dishes on moist blotting paper and stored in the laboratory during the experimental period. The inoculated plants were grown under glass in pots containing a mixture of sterilized sand and clay. The development of disease was monitored and severity was scored every 15 days using rating scale. The results obtained in the laboratory and in the greenhouse revealed that there is pathogenic variability in the isolates tested. Indeed, for each variety, the highest severity score was recorded in plants inoculated with isolate I3TF and the lowest severity score with isolate I1TG. In the laboratory the severity scores ranged from 6.76 to 8.80 in TS32-1, 6.18 to 8.29 in SH70P and 5.98 to 7.92 in PC79-79. In the greenhouse, the average severity scores ranged from 5.61 to 8.33 in TS32-1, from 5.19 to 8.00 in SH70P, from 4.90 to 7.50 in PC79-79. Thus, the variety TS32-1 was the most susceptible to all three isolates of the pathogen.
基金supported by Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS),Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)/Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA)grant no.JPMJSA1806.
文摘To establish a new breeding program,genetic diversity of five domesticated populations and two commercial stocks of Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)were examined.Moderate levels of genetic diversity based on microsatellite polymorphism were found.The number of alleles per locus(NA)was 3.429–11.571.Observed(Ho)and expected(He)heterozygosities were 0.416–0.772 and 0.423–0.805.FST and genetic heterogeneity analysis revealed significant genetic differences of most pairwise comparisons(P<0.001).Genetic distance between populations was 0.000–0.703.Phylogenetic analysis divided examined populations to two genetic stocks;A:DOF-Chachoengsao 2,DOF-Songkhla,and DOF-Trang and B:Commercial Farm 1(Phuket)and Commercial Farm 2(Chachengsao),DOF-Chachoengsao 1 and DOF-Krabi.The base population(G0,51 families)was established from crosses between these founder populations.Heritability and estimated breeding values(EBVs)for growth in G0 families were evaluated at 519 day post hatch(dph,mean body weight=616.64±266.80 g,N=1655).The heritability(h2)for growth of L.calcarifer in this study was 0.386±0.020.The additive genetic coefficient of variation was 28%indicating high potential of genetic improvement for growth in this population.The distribution of EBVs showed high variation both between and within families.Fish exhibiting high EBVs(SATREPS-DOF-G0-hEBVs)clustered with a phylogenetic clade A while the SATREPS-DOF-G0-lEBVs group was phylogenetically allocated to clade B.Genetic selection with+1SD criteria is expected to achieve genetic gain of 28.5%per generation.The information on genetic diversity and EBVs estimates allows efficient implementation of our ongoing breeding program of L.calcarifer.
文摘In recent decades, the application of antifouling paints to watercrafts has emerged as a significant concern in coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs. Diuron, a booster biocide commonly used as an antifouling agent, is persistent in soil, water, and groundwater. Although it exhibits moderate toxicity to mammals and birds, its primary breakdown product, 3,4-dichloroaniline, is highly toxic and environmentally persistent. The secondary toxicity of Diuron emphasizes its potential to contaminate groundwater. This investigation determined the 96-hour LC50 value for Diuron to be 1.627 ± 0.181 mg/L in Lates calcarifer. A 21-day sublethal exposure of Lates calcarifer to diuron did not yield statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in fatty acid composition between the fresh and control groups. Both groups demonstrated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as the most abundant fatty acids, followed by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). However, significant variations (P Lates calcarifer exposed to varying diuron concentrations (50%, 30%, and 10% of the LC50 value). The magnitude of these effects increased with increasing exposure levels. The results of this study indicate that diuron, even at concentrations considered safe, can adversely affect marine organisms, including alterations to their fatty acid composition.
基金Supported by Ministry of Environment and Forest(MoEF),Government of India,New Delhi for financial support of the project titled“Prevalence of tumours in food fishes of Tamil Nadu coast”(D.O.No.22-31/2010-CS-I.).
文摘Objective:To describe and observe four types of neoplasms on different parts(external and internal organs)of an Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer).Methods:The sample was collected from local fish landing center(south east coast of India).Histopathology of normal and tumour tissues were analyzed.Results:A total of 83 tumour masses(neoplasm)were recorded on the fish skin,also the neoplasms were recorded in internal organs of fish such as liver,stomach and ovary.Conclusions:Aetiology of such neoplasm’s are unknown,further more researches need to confirm the causative agent for this type of neoplasm.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41202012)Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(No.123120600034-2)。
文摘Five new small theropod teeth and one manual ungual have recently been recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin.The specimens were examined for their morphological characteristics,leading to the identification of four distinct taxa.The first taxon consists of three foliodont teeth characterized by a pronounced basal constriction and large hook-like distal denticles,which can be attributed to Troodontidae.The second taxon is represented by an elongated tooth featuring prominent longitudinal ridges,allowing for its assignment to Paronychodon.The third taxon is a bladelike tooth with notably small distal denticles,corresponding to Richardoestesia.The fourth taxon comprises a manual ungual characterized by a transversely wide and nearly symmetrical proximal articular surface,fully enclosed ventral foramina,a flattened ventral surface,and the absence of a flexor tubercle,resembling Alvarezsauridae.These specimens significantly enhance the known dinosaur diversity of the Nenjiang Formation and provide crucial insights for understanding the terrestrial ecosystem in Northeast Asia during the Late Cretaceous.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42472258)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.ZR2023YQ036).
文摘A wealth of geological and geochemical evidence indicates that plate tectonics was initiated in the Archean,though its style differing from that in the Phanerozoic,largely due to higher temperatures of convective mantle.Understanding the specific characteristics for the operation of ancient plate tectonics is critical for deciphering the formation and evolution of continental crust on early Earth,as well as the progressive development of Earth’s habitability.Through an in-depth analysis of geology and geochemistry for two events of late Archean crustal growth in the North China Craton,this study suggests that Archean plate tectonics would likely undergo the gradual evolution from immature to mature phases.The North China Craton experienced two major episodes of crustal growth at~2.9-2.7 and~2.6-2.5 Ga,respectively,represented by peaks in isotopic model ages of Archean felsic gneisses and widespread mafic rocks in greenstone belts.Although the preserved mafic rocks in greenstone belts generally exhibit arc-like trace element signatures,the early mafic crust formed at~2.9-2.7 Ga is limited in volume,with most of it having been reworked within several hundred million years.Tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG),produced by partial melting of such mafic crust,show zircon Hf-O isotope compositions indicative of sources consisting of seawater-hydrothermally altered oceanic crustal rocks with varying ages,suggesting that the early mafic crust was likely dominated by oceanic basalts.The medium-to low-pressure signatures of TTG rocks further imply that the oceanic crust was not subducted deeply to mantle depths,but instead was accreted to the margin of proto-continental nuclei due to aborted subduction.In contrast,the~2.6-2.5 Ga crustal growth event preserved a greater volume of mafic rocks.For these mafic rocks,the enrichment of incompatible elements correlates with water contents estimated from whole-rock major elements,indicating that their arc-like trace element features were associated with fluid metasomatism of the source region.Integrated with regional geological evidence from~2.5 Ga,such as ophiolites containing ultrahigh-pressure mineral inclusions and eclogite-facies remnants of oceanic crust,these observations suggest that modern-style plate subduction was likely in operation by the end of the Late Archean.Therefore,the modern plate tectonics regime did not emerge abruptly,but underwent a gradual evolution controlled by the thermal state of plate margins.It is this evolving tectonic regime that drove the significant crustal growth during the Archean.The two distinct episodes of crustal growth ultimately led to the formation of the North China Craton.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA0430201)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province(Grant No.QKHJC-ZD[2025]035)+2 种基金the Geological Exploration Fund of Guizhou Province(Grant No.2024-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A2027)the CAS Hundred Talents Program to XWH.
文摘Scandium(Sc)is a critical metal with increasing demand driven by its applications in high-technology industries.The Late Permian claystones in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou region of southwestern(SW)China represent a potentially new and important Sc resource.This study investigates the distribution,occurrence,and source of Sc in claystones from the Weining area in western Guizhou,and discusses its precipitation mechanism.The sedimentary succession primarily comprises successive layers of ferric,aluminous,carbonaceous,tuffaceous,and silty clastic claystones from bottom to top.Scandium is mainly enriched in ferric claystones,with concentrations reaching up to 56 ppm,while other types contain less than 30 ppm.The principal Sc-hosting minerals include goethite,anatase,brookite,zircon,and xenotime.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates that Sc(~0.9 wt%)is homogeneously distributed within nanometer-scale zircon.The presence of xenotime inclusions within zircon suggests a sedimentary origin.Rare earth element and platinum-group element patterns,together with trace element ratios,indicate that Sc in ferric horizons was derived from intense subaerial weathering of high-Ti basalts and precipitated under oxygenated aquatic conditions.Subsequent multi-stage hydrodynamic processes,including marine transgression-regression and fluvial reworking,facilitated Sc remobilization via mineral dissolution-reprecipitation,ultimately leading to further enrichment within ferric horizons through downward migration.
文摘Sporadic or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease(LOAD)occurs in 1 of 10 people over 65 years of age and comprises 95%of all AD patients.Unlike early-onset AD,which is caused by defined single gene mutations,the mechanisms and events underlying risk for LOAD are not fully understood and no substantial disease-modifying interventions are currently available.Age is the most prominent risk factor for LOAD,and interacting age-related and LOAD-associated factors contribute to its pathogenesis.Among these factors are changes in bioenergetic cell functions,which metabolize substrates and produce energy stored in adenosine triphosphate.
