We put forward a new design of a compact beam transport system for intense laser-driven proton therapy,where instead of using conventional pulsed solenoids,our design relies on a helical coil irradiated by a nanosecon...We put forward a new design of a compact beam transport system for intense laser-driven proton therapy,where instead of using conventional pulsed solenoids,our design relies on a helical coil irradiated by a nanosecond laser pulse to generate strong magnetic fields for focusing protons.A pair of dipole magnets and apertures are employed to further filter protons with large divergences and low energies.Our numerical studies combine particle-in-cell simulations for laser-plasma interaction to generate high-energy monoenergetic proton beams,finite element analysis for evaluating the magnetic field distribution inside the coil,and MonteCarlo simulations for beam transport and energy deposition.Our results show that with this design,a spread-out Bragg peak in a range of several centimeters to a deep-seated tumor with a dose of approximately 16.5 cGy and fluctuation around 2% can be achieved.The instantaneous dose rate reaches up to 10^(9)Gy/s,holding the potential for future FLASH radiotherapy research.展开更多
All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been ...All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been inevitable roadblocks.Herein,the bicolor PiGF containing green-emitting Y3Al3.08Ga1.92O12:Ce3+(YAGG) and red-emitting CaAlSiN_(3):Eu^(2+)(CASN) phosphors bonded on Al2O3substrate was prepared for enabling high color quality laser-driven white lighting in reflective configuration.The bicolor PiGF has high quantum efficiency and good structure stability.By optimizing the CASN content,PiGF thickness and Al_(2)O_(3) content,the reflective bicolor PiGF based white laser diode(LD)displays good luminescence performance with a luminous flux of 451.5 lm and a luminous efficacy of142.3 lm/W and high color quality with a color rendering index(CRI) of 85.3 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5177 K under the incident laser power of 3.15 W,and still has excellent luminescence and color stabilities(CRI and CCT) under the continuous laser excitation of 5.61 W,attributed to the good thermal conductivity and high reflectivity of Al_(2)O_(3) substrate and scattering enhancement effect of Al_(2)O_(3) particles.It can be foreseen that the reflective bicolor PiGF converter provides a promising strategy for enabling high quality laser-driven white lighting.展开更多
It is of particular interest to investigate nuclear fusion reactions generated by high-intensity lasers in plasma environments that are similar to real astrophysical conditions.We have experimentally investigated2H(d,...It is of particular interest to investigate nuclear fusion reactions generated by high-intensity lasers in plasma environments that are similar to real astrophysical conditions.We have experimentally investigated2H(d,p)3H,one of the most crucial reactions in big bang nucleosynthesis models,at the Shenguang-Ⅱlaser facility.In this work,we present a new calibration of CR-39 solidstate track detectors,which are widely employed as the main diagnostics in this type of fusion reaction experiment.We measure the dependence of the track diameter on the proton energy.It is found that the track diameters of protons with different energies are likely to be identical.We propose that in this case,the energy of the reaction products can be obtained by considering both the diameters and gray levels of these tracks.The present results would be very helpful for analyzing the2 H(d,p)3H reaction products recorded with the same batch of CR-39 solid-state track detectors.展开更多
The simultaneous measurement of the spatial profile and spectrum of laser-accelerated protons is important for further optimization of the beam qualities and applications.We report a detailed study regarding the under...The simultaneous measurement of the spatial profile and spectrum of laser-accelerated protons is important for further optimization of the beam qualities and applications.We report a detailed study regarding the underlying physics and regular procedure of such a measurement through the radioactivation of a stack composed of aluminum,copper,and CR-39 plates as well as radiochromic films(RCFs).After being radioactivated,the copper plates are placed on imaging plates(IPs)to detect the positrons emitted by the reaction products through contact imaging.The spectrum and energy-dependent spatial profile of the protons are then obtained from the IPs and confirmed by the measured ones from the RCFs and CR-39 plates.We also discuss the detection range,influence of electrons,radiation safety,and spatial resolution of this measurement.Finally,insights regarding the extension of the current method to online measurements and dynamic proton imaging are also provided.展开更多
Laser-driven flier impact experiments have been designed and performed at the SG-III prototype laser facility. The continuum phase plate（CPP） technique is used for the 3 ns quadrate laser pulse to produce a relative...Laser-driven flier impact experiments have been designed and performed at the SG-III prototype laser facility. The continuum phase plate（CPP） technique is used for the 3 ns quadrate laser pulse to produce a relatively uniform irradiated spot of 2 mm. The peak laser intensity is 2.7×10^13W/cm^2 and it accelerates the aluminum flier with a density gradient configuration to a high average speed of 21.3 km/s, as determined by the flight-of-time method with line VISAR. The flier decelerates on impact with a transparent silica window, providing a measure of the flatness of the flier after one hundred microns of flight. The subsequent shock wave acceleration, pursuing, and decay in the silica window are interpreted by hydrodynamic simulation. This method provides a promising method to create unique conditions for the study of a material＇s properties.展开更多
γ-Fe nano-particles with size of 20-40 nm were produced by SF6-sensitized CW CO2 laser-induced gaseous pyrolysis of Fe(Co) 5, The γ-Fe stabte in reaction zone at above 910℃ was formed.The rapid quenching prevents f...γ-Fe nano-particles with size of 20-40 nm were produced by SF6-sensitized CW CO2 laser-induced gaseous pyrolysis of Fe(Co) 5, The γ-Fe stabte in reaction zone at above 910℃ was formed.The rapid quenching prevents from the γ-Fe transforming to α-Fe as rapidly cooling from high temperature to room temperature, The characteristics of the particles were examined at room temperature by TEM. electron diffraction and XRD. It was proved that about 70% of γ-Fe phase in the particles was present. In addition. the lattice constant of the γ-Fe was 0.364 nm in place of 0.360 nm展开更多
One of the most challenging tasks in the laser-driven Hugoniot experiment is how to increase the reproducibility and precision of the experimental data to meet the stringent requirement in validating equation of state...One of the most challenging tasks in the laser-driven Hugoniot experiment is how to increase the reproducibility and precision of the experimental data to meet the stringent requirement in validating equation of state models. In such cases, the contribution of intrinsic uncertainty becomes important and cannot be ignored. A detailed analysis of the intrinsic uncertainty of the aluminum-iron impedance-match experiment based on the measurement of velocities is presented. The influence of mirror-reflection approximation on the shocked pressure of Fe and intrinsic uncertainties from the equation of state uncertainty of standard material are quantified, Furthermore, the comparison of intrinsic uncertainties of four different experimental approaches is presented. It is shown that, compared with other approaches including the most widely used approach which relies on the measurements of the shock velocities of AI and Fe, the approach which relies on the measurement of the particle velocity of Al and the shock velocity of Fe has the smallest intrinsic uncertainty, which would promote such work to significantly improve the diagnostics precision in such an approach.展开更多
Particle accelerators are indispensable tools in both science and industry.However,the size and cost of conventional RF accelerators limits the utility and scope of this technology.Recent research has shown that a die...Particle accelerators are indispensable tools in both science and industry.However,the size and cost of conventional RF accelerators limits the utility and scope of this technology.Recent research has shown that a dielectric laser accelerator(DLA)made of dielectric structures and driven at optical frequencies can generate particle beams with energies ranging from MeV to GeV at the tabletop level.To design DLA structures with a high acceleration gradient,we demonstrate topology optimization,which is a method used to optimize the material distribution in a specific area based on given load conditions,constraints,and performance indicators.To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach,we propose two schemes and design several acceleration structures based on them.The optimization results demonstrate that the proposed method can be applied to structure optimization for on-chip integrated laser accelerators,producing manufacturable structures with significantly improved performance compared with previous size or shape optimization methods.These results provide new physical approaches to explore ultrafast dynamics in matter,with important implications for future laser particle accelerators based on photonic chips.展开更多
Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are important for new types of accelerators.A particle-in-cell program(Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of Station of Extreme Light(SEL) 100 PW l...Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are important for new types of accelerators.A particle-in-cell program(Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of Station of Extreme Light(SEL) 100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with a thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th and U, as well as 200 nm thick Al and Ca. An obvious stratification is observed in the simulation. The layering phenomenon is a hybrid acceleration mechanism reflecting target normal sheath acceleration and radiation pressure acceleration, and this phenomenon is understood from the simulated energy spectrum,ionization and spatial electric field distribution. According to the stratification, it is suggested that high-quality heavy-ion beams could be expected for fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei. Two plasma clusters in the stratification are observed simultaneously, which suggest new techniques for plasma experiments as well as thinner metal targets in the precision machining process.展开更多
The poloidal magnetic field( B_(p)) plays a critical role in plasma equilibrium, confinement and transport of magnetic confinement devices. Multiple diagnostic methods are needed to complement each other to obtain a m...The poloidal magnetic field( B_(p)) plays a critical role in plasma equilibrium, confinement and transport of magnetic confinement devices. Multiple diagnostic methods are needed to complement each other to obtain a more accurate B_(p) profile. Recently, the laser-driven ion-beam trace probe(LITP) has been proposed as a promising tool for diagnosing B_(p) and radial electric field( E_(r)) profiles in tokamaks [Yang X Y et al 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 11E429]. The spherical tokamak(ST) is a promising compact device with high plasma beta and naturally large elongation. However, when applying LITP to diagnosing B_(p) in STs, the larger B_(p) invalidates the linear reconstruction relationship for conventional tokamaks, necessitating the development of a nonlinear reconstruction principle tailored to STs. This novel approach employs an iterative reconstruction method based on Newton's method to solve the nonlinear equation. Subsequently,a simulation model to reconstruct the B_(p) profile of STs is developed and the experimental setup of LITP is designed for EXL-50, a middle-sized ST. Simulation results of the reconstruction show that the relative errors of B_(p) reconstruction are mostly below 5%. Moreover, even with 5 mm measurement error on beam traces or 1 cm flux surface shape error, the average relative error of reconstruction remains below 15%, initially demonstrating the robustness of LITP in diagnosing B_(p) profiles in STs.展开更多
Laser-driven light sources(LDLS)have ultrahigh-brightness and broad wavelength range.They are ideal radiation sources for optical metrology tools for advanced process control in semiconductor manufacturing.LDLS source...Laser-driven light sources(LDLS)have ultrahigh-brightness and broad wavelength range.They are ideal radiation sources for optical metrology tools for advanced process control in semiconductor manufacturing.LDLS sources,with their advantages of 170 nm to 2100 nm wavelength range,have been widely adopted and are being used in volume manufacturing for spectroscopic ellipsometry(SE),spectroscopic scatterometry(SS),and white light interferometry(WLI)applications.Such applications are used to measure critical dimensions(CD),overlay(OVL),and film thickness.展开更多
Conventional ignition methods are proving to be ineffective for low-sensitivity energetic materials,highlighting the need to investigate alternative ignition systems,such as laser-based techniques.Over the past decade...Conventional ignition methods are proving to be ineffective for low-sensitivity energetic materials,highlighting the need to investigate alternative ignition systems,such as laser-based techniques.Over the past decade,lasers have emerged as a promising solution,providing focused energy beams for controllable,efficient,and reliable ignition in the field of energetic materials.This study presents a comparative analysis of two state-of-the-art ignition approaches:direct laser ignition and laser-driven flyer ignition.Experiments were performed using a Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet(Nd:YAG)laser at different energy beam levels to systematically evaluate ignition onset.In the direct laser ignition test setup,the laser beam was applied directly to the energetic tested material,while laserdriven flyer ignition utilized 40 and 100μm aluminum foils,propelled at velocities ranging from 300 to 1250 m/s.Comparative analysis with the Lawrence and Trott model substantiated the velocity data and provided insight into the ignition mechanisms.Experimental results indicate that the ignition time for the laser-driven flyer method was significantly shorter,with the pyrotechnic composition achieving complete combustion faster compared to direct laser ignition.Moreover,precise ignition thresholds were determined for both methods,providing critical parameters for optimizing ignition systems in energetic materials.This work elucidates the advantages and limitations of each technique while advancing next-generation ignition technology,enhancing the reliability and safety of propulsion systems.展开更多
Assembling metal nanoparticles into a well-defined array and constructing strongly coupled hybrid systems enable high-quality resonances with narrow linewidths,which offer new opportunities to circumvent the hurdle of...Assembling metal nanoparticles into a well-defined array and constructing strongly coupled hybrid systems enable high-quality resonances with narrow linewidths,which offer new opportunities to circumvent the hurdle of plasmonic losses.Herein,we propose a light-driven approach for generating plasmonic arrays by leveraging the self-organized patterns of tightly confined surface plasmon polaritons in single metal nanowires,which exhibit optimized unit structures,tunable interparticle spacings with supra-wavelength or sub-wavelength periods beyond the diffraction limit,and flexible alignment directions.We theoretically and experimentally show the mechanism of generating field patterns via the interplay of a standing wave and optical beating,followed by the formation of periodic geometries under a spatially modulated temperature distribution.We also fabricate plasmonic arrays on microfibres with diameters down to~1.4μm and thereby construct a series of hybrid plasmonic-photonic resonators with narrow-band resonances(~3.9 nm linewidth)as well as a barcode system with high multiplexing capacity.Our results show the potential of simple,low-cost,and high-efficiency fabrication of plasmonic arrays and hybrids that may find applications in plasmonic array lasers,information encryption,and high-resolution distributed sensing.展开更多
High-brightness laser lighting faces grave challenges in the development of laser-driven color converters that simultaneouslypossess excellent optical performance and superior heat dissipation.Herein,a reflective sand...High-brightness laser lighting faces grave challenges in the development of laser-driven color converters that simultaneouslypossess excellent optical performance and superior heat dissipation.Herein,a reflective sandwich color converter of phosphor-in-glass film with sapphire and alumina(sapphire@PiGF@alumina,abbreviated as S@PiGF@A)is designed and prepared via a thermocompression bonding method.Owing to the high thermal conductivity and double-sided heat dissipation channels of alumina and sapphire,the S@PIGF@A color converter can withstand high laser power density and produce ultrahigh luminescence.Consequently,the optimized S@PIGF@A converter yields white light with an ultrahigh luminous flux of 6749 Im at a laser power density saturation threshold of 47.70 W/mm,which is 2.44 times that of traditional PIGF@alumina colorl converter(2522 Im@19.53 W/mm).These findings provide valuable guidelines to design high-quality PiGF color converter for high-brightness laser-driven white lighting.展开更多
High-power broadband near-infrared(NIR)light sources have attracted extensive interest toward emerging non-invasive imaging and detection applications.However,exploring highly stable luminescent materials with targete...High-power broadband near-infrared(NIR)light sources have attracted extensive interest toward emerging non-invasive imaging and detection applications.However,exploring highly stable luminescent materials with targeted broadband NIR emission remains a great challenge.Here,MgAl_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)translucent ceramics have been designed and fabricated by a spark plasma sintering method,and a giant redshift of the emission band occurs from 686 to 928 nm due to the decreasing local structural symmetry around the isolated Cr^(3+)ions induced by the abundant cation vacancies.As Cr^(3+)content increases,MgAl_(2)O_(4):6%Cr^(3+)ceramic realizes the optimized external quantum efficiency of 73%with broadband NIR emission centered at 890 nm and a full-width at half-maximum of 315 nm under 450 nm excitation.The next-generation laser-driven light source containing NIR ceramic provides an output power exceeding 2 W and a light conversion efficiency of 22%when pumped with a blue laser of 10 W·mm^(-2).The proofof-concept demonstrations in imaging and detection reveal the advantages of high-power and high-efficiency laser-driven broadband NIR light sources and promote future development in the chemical design of NIR emitters.展开更多
Multi-color phosphor-in-glass(PiG)film has been considered as a promising color converter in high-quality laser lighting owing to its outstanding merits of phosphor versatility,tunable luminescence,and simple preparat...Multi-color phosphor-in-glass(PiG)film has been considered as a promising color converter in high-quality laser lighting owing to its outstanding merits of phosphor versatility,tunable luminescence,and simple preparation.However,the opto-thermal properties of PiG film are severely affected by the photon reabsorption and backward scattering of phosphor structure and the heat conduction of substrate.Herein,a unique sandwich design of phosphor structure was introduced in the multi-color PiG film for high-quality laser lighting.By elaborately synthesizing the borosilicate glass with low glass transition temperature(T_(g)),similar expansion coefficient,and high refractive index(RI),the sandwiched PiGs were prepared by sintering(~600℃)broadband green and red phosphor glass films on the double sides of sapphire.The green and red PiG films were tightly coated on the sapphire with no delamination and maintained higher luminescence intensity than raw phosphors at high temperatures.By simultaneously coupling photon reabsorption and backward scattering,the sandwiched green PiG film-sapphire-red PiG film(G-S-R PiG)yields a high-quality white light with a high luminous efficacy of 163 lm/W and an excellent color rendering index(CRI)of 85.4 under a laser power of 2.4 W,which are the best comprehensive results yet reported.Benefiting from the ingenious sandwich design with heat-conducting sapphire and thin PiG films,the G-S-R PiG displays low working temperatures(<200℃)under high-power laser excitation.This work reveals the role of sandwiched phosphor structure in photon loss and heat dissipation,which provides a new strategy to design PiG films for high-quality laser lighting.展开更多
We predict the production yield of a medical radioisotope^(67)Cu using^(67)Zn(n,p)^(67)Cu and ^(68)Zn(n,pn)^(67)Cu reactions with fast neutrons provided from laser-driven neutron sources.The neutrons were generated by...We predict the production yield of a medical radioisotope^(67)Cu using^(67)Zn(n,p)^(67)Cu and ^(68)Zn(n,pn)^(67)Cu reactions with fast neutrons provided from laser-driven neutron sources.The neutrons were generated by the p+9Be and d+9Be reactions with high-energy ions accelerated by laser–plasma interaction.We evaluated the yield to be(3.3±0.5)×10^(5) atoms for^(67)Cu,corresponding to a radioactivity of 1.0±0.2 Bq,for a Zn foil sample with a single laser shot.Using a simulation with this result,we estimated^(67)Cu production with a high-frequency laser.The result suggests that it is possible to generate^(67)Cu with a radioactivity of 270 MBq using a future laser system with a frequency of 10 Hz and 10,000-s radiation in a hospital.展开更多
Single-shot laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT)measurements of multi-type free-standing ultrathin foils were performed in a vacuum environment for 800 nm laser pulses with durationsτranging from 50 fs to 200 ps.The ...Single-shot laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT)measurements of multi-type free-standing ultrathin foils were performed in a vacuum environment for 800 nm laser pulses with durationsτranging from 50 fs to 200 ps.The results show that the laser damage threshold fluences(DTFs)of the ultrathin foils are significantly lower than those of corresponding bulk materials.Wide band gap dielectric targets such as SiN and formvar have larger DTFs than semiconductive and conductive targets by 1–3 orders of magnitude depending on the pulse duration.The damage mechanisms for different types of targets are studied.Based on the measurement,the constrain of the LIDTs on the laser contrast is discussed.展开更多
Post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by intense,ultrashort laser pulses can enhance ion energy by utilizing the transient current from the targets’self-discharge.The acceleration length of prot...Post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by intense,ultrashort laser pulses can enhance ion energy by utilizing the transient current from the targets’self-discharge.The acceleration length of protons can exceed a few millimeters,and the acceleration gradient is of the order of GeV/m.How to ensure the synchronization between the accelerating electric field and the protons is a crucial problem for efficient post-acceleration.In this paper,we study how the electric field mismatch induced by current dispersion affects the synchronous acceleration of protons.We propose a scheme using a two-stage helical coil to control the current dispersion.With optimized parameters,the energy gain of protons is increased by four times.Proton energy is expected to reach 45 MeV using a hundreds-of-terawatts laser,or more than 100 MeV using a petawatt laser,by controlling the current dispersion.展开更多
Under the irradiation of ultraintense laser pulses,targets made of gas,solid,or artificial materials can generate high-energy electrons,ions,and X-rays comparable to conventional accelerators or national light source ...Under the irradiation of ultraintense laser pulses,targets made of gas,solid,or artificial materials can generate high-energy electrons,ions,and X-rays comparable to conventional accelerators or national light source facilities.Designing and creating high-performance targets are the core problems for laser acceleration.Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can help to build ideal targets that do not exist in nature.This paper reviews the advances in exploiting carbon nanotubes as outstanding targets for laser-driven particle acceleration in memory of Prof.Sishen Xie,the inventor of the fabrication method.We hope that the successful implementation of such targets in enhanced ion acceleration,high-efficiency electron acceleration,and brilliant X-ray generation could attract more interdiscipline interests and promote the development of this field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1603200 and 2022YFA1603201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12135001,11921006,12475243 and 11825502)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(No.XDA25050900)support from the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.11825502)。
文摘We put forward a new design of a compact beam transport system for intense laser-driven proton therapy,where instead of using conventional pulsed solenoids,our design relies on a helical coil irradiated by a nanosecond laser pulse to generate strong magnetic fields for focusing protons.A pair of dipole magnets and apertures are employed to further filter protons with large divergences and low energies.Our numerical studies combine particle-in-cell simulations for laser-plasma interaction to generate high-energy monoenergetic proton beams,finite element analysis for evaluating the magnetic field distribution inside the coil,and MonteCarlo simulations for beam transport and energy deposition.Our results show that with this design,a spread-out Bragg peak in a range of several centimeters to a deep-seated tumor with a dose of approximately 16.5 cGy and fluctuation around 2% can be achieved.The instantaneous dose rate reaches up to 10^(9)Gy/s,holding the potential for future FLASH radiotherapy research.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen City (JSGG20210802154213040)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515010001)the Shenzhen Postdoctoral Research Funding Project。
文摘All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been inevitable roadblocks.Herein,the bicolor PiGF containing green-emitting Y3Al3.08Ga1.92O12:Ce3+(YAGG) and red-emitting CaAlSiN_(3):Eu^(2+)(CASN) phosphors bonded on Al2O3substrate was prepared for enabling high color quality laser-driven white lighting in reflective configuration.The bicolor PiGF has high quantum efficiency and good structure stability.By optimizing the CASN content,PiGF thickness and Al_(2)O_(3) content,the reflective bicolor PiGF based white laser diode(LD)displays good luminescence performance with a luminous flux of 451.5 lm and a luminous efficacy of142.3 lm/W and high color quality with a color rendering index(CRI) of 85.3 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5177 K under the incident laser power of 3.15 W,and still has excellent luminescence and color stabilities(CRI and CCT) under the continuous laser excitation of 5.61 W,attributed to the good thermal conductivity and high reflectivity of Al_(2)O_(3) substrate and scattering enhancement effect of Al_(2)O_(3) particles.It can be foreseen that the reflective bicolor PiGF converter provides a promising strategy for enabling high quality laser-driven white lighting.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2016YFA0400502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11775312).
文摘It is of particular interest to investigate nuclear fusion reactions generated by high-intensity lasers in plasma environments that are similar to real astrophysical conditions.We have experimentally investigated2H(d,p)3H,one of the most crucial reactions in big bang nucleosynthesis models,at the Shenguang-Ⅱlaser facility.In this work,we present a new calibration of CR-39 solidstate track detectors,which are widely employed as the main diagnostics in this type of fusion reaction experiment.We measure the dependence of the track diameter on the proton energy.It is found that the track diameters of protons with different energies are likely to be identical.We propose that in this case,the energy of the reaction products can be obtained by considering both the diameters and gray levels of these tracks.The present results would be very helpful for analyzing the2 H(d,p)3H reaction products recorded with the same batch of CR-39 solid-state track detectors.
基金supported by the Institute for Basic ScienceKorea under the project code IBS-R012-D1by the Ultrashort Quantum Beam Facility(UQBF)operation program(No.140011)through APRI,GIST。
文摘The simultaneous measurement of the spatial profile and spectrum of laser-accelerated protons is important for further optimization of the beam qualities and applications.We report a detailed study regarding the underlying physics and regular procedure of such a measurement through the radioactivation of a stack composed of aluminum,copper,and CR-39 plates as well as radiochromic films(RCFs).After being radioactivated,the copper plates are placed on imaging plates(IPs)to detect the positrons emitted by the reaction products through contact imaging.The spectrum and energy-dependent spatial profile of the protons are then obtained from the IPs and confirmed by the measured ones from the RCFs and CR-39 plates.We also discuss the detection range,influence of electrons,radiation safety,and spatial resolution of this measurement.Finally,insights regarding the extension of the current method to online measurements and dynamic proton imaging are also provided.
文摘Laser-driven flier impact experiments have been designed and performed at the SG-III prototype laser facility. The continuum phase plate（CPP） technique is used for the 3 ns quadrate laser pulse to produce a relatively uniform irradiated spot of 2 mm. The peak laser intensity is 2.7×10^13W/cm^2 and it accelerates the aluminum flier with a density gradient configuration to a high average speed of 21.3 km/s, as determined by the flight-of-time method with line VISAR. The flier decelerates on impact with a transparent silica window, providing a measure of the flatness of the flier after one hundred microns of flight. The subsequent shock wave acceleration, pursuing, and decay in the silica window are interpreted by hydrodynamic simulation. This method provides a promising method to create unique conditions for the study of a material＇s properties.
文摘γ-Fe nano-particles with size of 20-40 nm were produced by SF6-sensitized CW CO2 laser-induced gaseous pyrolysis of Fe(Co) 5, The γ-Fe stabte in reaction zone at above 910℃ was formed.The rapid quenching prevents from the γ-Fe transforming to α-Fe as rapidly cooling from high temperature to room temperature, The characteristics of the particles were examined at room temperature by TEM. electron diffraction and XRD. It was proved that about 70% of γ-Fe phase in the particles was present. In addition. the lattice constant of the γ-Fe was 0.364 nm in place of 0.360 nm
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11305156 and 11305159
文摘One of the most challenging tasks in the laser-driven Hugoniot experiment is how to increase the reproducibility and precision of the experimental data to meet the stringent requirement in validating equation of state models. In such cases, the contribution of intrinsic uncertainty becomes important and cannot be ignored. A detailed analysis of the intrinsic uncertainty of the aluminum-iron impedance-match experiment based on the measurement of velocities is presented. The influence of mirror-reflection approximation on the shocked pressure of Fe and intrinsic uncertainties from the equation of state uncertainty of standard material are quantified, Furthermore, the comparison of intrinsic uncertainties of four different experimental approaches is presented. It is shown that, compared with other approaches including the most widely used approach which relies on the measurements of the shock velocities of AI and Fe, the approach which relies on the measurement of the particle velocity of Al and the shock velocity of Fe has the smallest intrinsic uncertainty, which would promote such work to significantly improve the diagnostics precision in such an approach.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12004353,11975214,11991071,11905202,12174350)Key Laboratory Foundation of The Sciences and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory(No.6142A04200103)Independent scientific research(No.JCKYS2021212011).
文摘Particle accelerators are indispensable tools in both science and industry.However,the size and cost of conventional RF accelerators limits the utility and scope of this technology.Recent research has shown that a dielectric laser accelerator(DLA)made of dielectric structures and driven at optical frequencies can generate particle beams with energies ranging from MeV to GeV at the tabletop level.To design DLA structures with a high acceleration gradient,we demonstrate topology optimization,which is a method used to optimize the material distribution in a specific area based on given load conditions,constraints,and performance indicators.To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach,we propose two schemes and design several acceleration structures based on them.The optimization results demonstrate that the proposed method can be applied to structure optimization for on-chip integrated laser accelerators,producing manufacturable structures with significantly improved performance compared with previous size or shape optimization methods.These results provide new physical approaches to explore ultrafast dynamics in matter,with important implications for future laser particle accelerators based on photonic chips.
基金support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB34030000)the National Key R & D Program of China (No.2022YFA1602404)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1832129)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.2017309)the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province of China (No.21IRTSTHN011)。
文摘Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are important for new types of accelerators.A particle-in-cell program(Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of Station of Extreme Light(SEL) 100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with a thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th and U, as well as 200 nm thick Al and Ca. An obvious stratification is observed in the simulation. The layering phenomenon is a hybrid acceleration mechanism reflecting target normal sheath acceleration and radiation pressure acceleration, and this phenomenon is understood from the simulated energy spectrum,ionization and spatial electric field distribution. According to the stratification, it is suggested that high-quality heavy-ion beams could be expected for fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei. Two plasma clusters in the stratification are observed simultaneously, which suggest new techniques for plasma experiments as well as thinner metal targets in the precision machining process.
基金the support of National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFA1604600)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology。
文摘The poloidal magnetic field( B_(p)) plays a critical role in plasma equilibrium, confinement and transport of magnetic confinement devices. Multiple diagnostic methods are needed to complement each other to obtain a more accurate B_(p) profile. Recently, the laser-driven ion-beam trace probe(LITP) has been proposed as a promising tool for diagnosing B_(p) and radial electric field( E_(r)) profiles in tokamaks [Yang X Y et al 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 11E429]. The spherical tokamak(ST) is a promising compact device with high plasma beta and naturally large elongation. However, when applying LITP to diagnosing B_(p) in STs, the larger B_(p) invalidates the linear reconstruction relationship for conventional tokamaks, necessitating the development of a nonlinear reconstruction principle tailored to STs. This novel approach employs an iterative reconstruction method based on Newton's method to solve the nonlinear equation. Subsequently,a simulation model to reconstruct the B_(p) profile of STs is developed and the experimental setup of LITP is designed for EXL-50, a middle-sized ST. Simulation results of the reconstruction show that the relative errors of B_(p) reconstruction are mostly below 5%. Moreover, even with 5 mm measurement error on beam traces or 1 cm flux surface shape error, the average relative error of reconstruction remains below 15%, initially demonstrating the robustness of LITP in diagnosing B_(p) profiles in STs.
文摘Laser-driven light sources(LDLS)have ultrahigh-brightness and broad wavelength range.They are ideal radiation sources for optical metrology tools for advanced process control in semiconductor manufacturing.LDLS sources,with their advantages of 170 nm to 2100 nm wavelength range,have been widely adopted and are being used in volume manufacturing for spectroscopic ellipsometry(SE),spectroscopic scatterometry(SS),and white light interferometry(WLI)applications.Such applications are used to measure critical dimensions(CD),overlay(OVL),and film thickness.
文摘Conventional ignition methods are proving to be ineffective for low-sensitivity energetic materials,highlighting the need to investigate alternative ignition systems,such as laser-based techniques.Over the past decade,lasers have emerged as a promising solution,providing focused energy beams for controllable,efficient,and reliable ignition in the field of energetic materials.This study presents a comparative analysis of two state-of-the-art ignition approaches:direct laser ignition and laser-driven flyer ignition.Experiments were performed using a Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet(Nd:YAG)laser at different energy beam levels to systematically evaluate ignition onset.In the direct laser ignition test setup,the laser beam was applied directly to the energetic tested material,while laserdriven flyer ignition utilized 40 and 100μm aluminum foils,propelled at velocities ranging from 300 to 1250 m/s.Comparative analysis with the Lawrence and Trott model substantiated the velocity data and provided insight into the ignition mechanisms.Experimental results indicate that the ignition time for the laser-driven flyer method was significantly shorter,with the pyrotechnic composition achieving complete combustion faster compared to direct laser ignition.Moreover,precise ignition thresholds were determined for both methods,providing critical parameters for optimizing ignition systems in energetic materials.This work elucidates the advantages and limitations of each technique while advancing next-generation ignition technology,enhancing the reliability and safety of propulsion systems.
基金supported by the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1083 and 1076)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024CDJXY008)+1 种基金National Foreign Experts Program(No.DL2023165003L)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62005032 and 62005031).
文摘Assembling metal nanoparticles into a well-defined array and constructing strongly coupled hybrid systems enable high-quality resonances with narrow linewidths,which offer new opportunities to circumvent the hurdle of plasmonic losses.Herein,we propose a light-driven approach for generating plasmonic arrays by leveraging the self-organized patterns of tightly confined surface plasmon polaritons in single metal nanowires,which exhibit optimized unit structures,tunable interparticle spacings with supra-wavelength or sub-wavelength periods beyond the diffraction limit,and flexible alignment directions.We theoretically and experimentally show the mechanism of generating field patterns via the interplay of a standing wave and optical beating,followed by the formation of periodic geometries under a spatially modulated temperature distribution.We also fabricate plasmonic arrays on microfibres with diameters down to~1.4μm and thereby construct a series of hybrid plasmonic-photonic resonators with narrow-band resonances(~3.9 nm linewidth)as well as a barcode system with high multiplexing capacity.Our results show the potential of simple,low-cost,and high-efficiency fabrication of plasmonic arrays and hybrids that may find applications in plasmonic array lasers,information encryption,and high-resolution distributed sensing.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guanzgxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(No.AB25069373)the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen City(No.JCYJ20230807110907016)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2024A1515010001 and 2024A1515011445)the Shenzhen Postdoctoral Research Funding Project.
文摘High-brightness laser lighting faces grave challenges in the development of laser-driven color converters that simultaneouslypossess excellent optical performance and superior heat dissipation.Herein,a reflective sandwich color converter of phosphor-in-glass film with sapphire and alumina(sapphire@PiGF@alumina,abbreviated as S@PiGF@A)is designed and prepared via a thermocompression bonding method.Owing to the high thermal conductivity and double-sided heat dissipation channels of alumina and sapphire,the S@PIGF@A color converter can withstand high laser power density and produce ultrahigh luminescence.Consequently,the optimized S@PIGF@A converter yields white light with an ultrahigh luminous flux of 6749 Im at a laser power density saturation threshold of 47.70 W/mm,which is 2.44 times that of traditional PIGF@alumina colorl converter(2522 Im@19.53 W/mm).These findings provide valuable guidelines to design high-quality PiGF color converter for high-brightness laser-driven white lighting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52425206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3500401).
文摘High-power broadband near-infrared(NIR)light sources have attracted extensive interest toward emerging non-invasive imaging and detection applications.However,exploring highly stable luminescent materials with targeted broadband NIR emission remains a great challenge.Here,MgAl_(2)O_(4):Cr^(3+)translucent ceramics have been designed and fabricated by a spark plasma sintering method,and a giant redshift of the emission band occurs from 686 to 928 nm due to the decreasing local structural symmetry around the isolated Cr^(3+)ions induced by the abundant cation vacancies.As Cr^(3+)content increases,MgAl_(2)O_(4):6%Cr^(3+)ceramic realizes the optimized external quantum efficiency of 73%with broadband NIR emission centered at 890 nm and a full-width at half-maximum of 315 nm under 450 nm excitation.The next-generation laser-driven light source containing NIR ceramic provides an output power exceeding 2 W and a light conversion efficiency of 22%when pumped with a blue laser of 10 W·mm^(-2).The proofof-concept demonstrations in imaging and detection reveal the advantages of high-power and high-efficiency laser-driven broadband NIR light sources and promote future development in the chemical design of NIR emitters.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51805196 and 51775219)Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BAA213 and 2020BAB068)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701308).
文摘Multi-color phosphor-in-glass(PiG)film has been considered as a promising color converter in high-quality laser lighting owing to its outstanding merits of phosphor versatility,tunable luminescence,and simple preparation.However,the opto-thermal properties of PiG film are severely affected by the photon reabsorption and backward scattering of phosphor structure and the heat conduction of substrate.Herein,a unique sandwich design of phosphor structure was introduced in the multi-color PiG film for high-quality laser lighting.By elaborately synthesizing the borosilicate glass with low glass transition temperature(T_(g)),similar expansion coefficient,and high refractive index(RI),the sandwiched PiGs were prepared by sintering(~600℃)broadband green and red phosphor glass films on the double sides of sapphire.The green and red PiG films were tightly coated on the sapphire with no delamination and maintained higher luminescence intensity than raw phosphors at high temperatures.By simultaneously coupling photon reabsorption and backward scattering,the sandwiched green PiG film-sapphire-red PiG film(G-S-R PiG)yields a high-quality white light with a high luminous efficacy of 163 lm/W and an excellent color rendering index(CRI)of 85.4 under a laser power of 2.4 W,which are the best comprehensive results yet reported.Benefiting from the ingenious sandwich design with heat-conducting sapphire and thin PiG films,the G-S-R PiG displays low working temperatures(<200℃)under high-power laser excitation.This work reveals the role of sandwiched phosphor structure in photon loss and heat dissipation,which provides a new strategy to design PiG films for high-quality laser lighting.
基金This work was supported by the JSPS Bilateral Program(Grant No.JSPSBP120209922)JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP22H02007 and JP22H01239).
文摘We predict the production yield of a medical radioisotope^(67)Cu using^(67)Zn(n,p)^(67)Cu and ^(68)Zn(n,pn)^(67)Cu reactions with fast neutrons provided from laser-driven neutron sources.The neutrons were generated by the p+9Be and d+9Be reactions with high-energy ions accelerated by laser–plasma interaction.We evaluated the yield to be(3.3±0.5)×10^(5) atoms for^(67)Cu,corresponding to a radioactivity of 1.0±0.2 Bq,for a Zn foil sample with a single laser shot.Using a simulation with this result,we estimated^(67)Cu production with a high-frequency laser.The result suggests that it is possible to generate^(67)Cu with a radioactivity of 270 MBq using a future laser system with a frequency of 10 Hz and 10,000-s radiation in a hospital.
基金supported by the National Grand Instrument Project(No.2019YFF01014402)NSFC innovation group project(No.11921006)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775010,11535001,and 61631001)State Key Laboratory Foundation of Laser Interaction with Matter(No.SKLLIM1806)。
文摘Single-shot laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT)measurements of multi-type free-standing ultrathin foils were performed in a vacuum environment for 800 nm laser pulses with durationsτranging from 50 fs to 200 ps.The results show that the laser damage threshold fluences(DTFs)of the ultrathin foils are significantly lower than those of corresponding bulk materials.Wide band gap dielectric targets such as SiN and formvar have larger DTFs than semiconductive and conductive targets by 1–3 orders of magnitude depending on the pulse duration.The damage mechanisms for different types of targets are studied.Based on the measurement,the constrain of the LIDTs on the laser contrast is discussed.
基金the NSFC Innovation Group Project(No.11921006)the National Grand Instrument Project(No.2019YFF01014402)+1 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2021B0909050006)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.12225501).
文摘Post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by intense,ultrashort laser pulses can enhance ion energy by utilizing the transient current from the targets’self-discharge.The acceleration length of protons can exceed a few millimeters,and the acceleration gradient is of the order of GeV/m.How to ensure the synchronization between the accelerating electric field and the protons is a crucial problem for efficient post-acceleration.In this paper,we study how the electric field mismatch induced by current dispersion affects the synchronous acceleration of protons.We propose a scheme using a two-stage helical coil to control the current dispersion.With optimized parameters,the energy gain of protons is increased by four times.Proton energy is expected to reach 45 MeV using a hundreds-of-terawatts laser,or more than 100 MeV using a petawatt laser,by controlling the current dispersion.
基金supported by the following projects:the National Natural Science Foundation of China Innovation Group Project(No.11921006)National Grand Instrument Project(No.2019YFF01014402)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.12225501).
文摘Under the irradiation of ultraintense laser pulses,targets made of gas,solid,or artificial materials can generate high-energy electrons,ions,and X-rays comparable to conventional accelerators or national light source facilities.Designing and creating high-performance targets are the core problems for laser acceleration.Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can help to build ideal targets that do not exist in nature.This paper reviews the advances in exploiting carbon nanotubes as outstanding targets for laser-driven particle acceleration in memory of Prof.Sishen Xie,the inventor of the fabrication method.We hope that the successful implementation of such targets in enhanced ion acceleration,high-efficiency electron acceleration,and brilliant X-ray generation could attract more interdiscipline interests and promote the development of this field.
