Laser-induced graphene(LIG)has emerged as a versatile,sustainable material for advanced energy technologies,offering a scalable,catalyst-free,and programmable method to directly convert carbon-rich substrates into por...Laser-induced graphene(LIG)has emerged as a versatile,sustainable material for advanced energy technologies,offering a scalable,catalyst-free,and programmable method to directly convert carbon-rich substrates into porous,conductive graphene.This single-step laser writing approach enables flexible,patternable electrodes without complex post-processing.With its high conductivity,large surface area,and tunable chemistry,LIG is well-suited for diverse applications including batteries,supercapacitors,dyesensitized solar cells(DSSCs),dual cells,water-splitting electrocatalysis,and triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).In energy storage,LIG improves charge transport,buffer volume changes,and provides a robust framework,enhancing capacitance,cycling stability,and rate capability.Its catalytic activity is further boosted through heteroatom doping or transition-metal incorporation,achieving HER/OER performance comparable to noble metals.In DSSCs,LIG functions as a flexible,low-cost alternative to platinum counter electrodes,while in TENGs,its strong triboelectric response and mechanical durability enable integration into self-powered,wearable systems.Despite the immense recent progress in this field,challenges remain regarding the scalability,long-term operational stability,and interfacial engineering of LIGbased composites.Further exploration into multi-laser systems,substrate diversity,and synergistic composite architectures will be crucial to optimizing device performance and reliability.Nevertheless,the green,cost-efficient,rapid,and programmable synthesis of LIG poses it as a cornerstone potential building block material in the development of future sustainable and multifunctional energy systems.Throughout the review we compare fabrication strategies,summarize performance metrics against relevant benchmarks,and identifying common mechanistic advantages conferred by the laser writing process.Remaining challenges-such as scale-up,precursor diversity,long-term environmental stability,and integration into complex device architectures-are outlined alongside prospective research directions.Collectively,this review article provides an in-depth perspective on the multifunctional nature of LIG,underscoring its promise in next-generation energy storage,conversion,harvesting applications,and laying the groundwork for future research directions.展开更多
The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurode...The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.展开更多
Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models s...Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models show some promising results,they are generally limited by non-negligible drawbacks such as interpretability issues of feature learning.To address these issues,we propose a novel concept based on the shallow-to-deep correlation network representation regression(Sh-to-De CNRR).Our approach,shallow correlation network representation regression(ShCNRR),combines neural network and canonical correlation analysis thoughts to generate explainable features via shallow correlation network representation(CNR).A twin inverse network is then derived to obtain the explicit model output,leveraging the shallow CNR.To capture deeper nonlinear information,we extend ShCNRR into a hierarchical deep correlation network representation regression(DeCNRR)model that features stacked neural networks,enabling us to learn deeper CNR from process data.The feasibility and advantages of our proposals are validated by theoretical derivations and practical IP cases,which contain one MIQ regression and three MIQ-related fault detection tasks.The results reveal that highly fused statistical and neural network models yield superior monitoring performance compared to current state-of-the-art models,while statistical tests verify the convincing feature mining.展开更多
Laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have gained increasing attention in the field of micro/nano fabrication,although achieving sub-100-nm period LIPSS with high uniformity remains a significant challenge.I...Laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have gained increasing attention in the field of micro/nano fabrication,although achieving sub-100-nm period LIPSS with high uniformity remains a significant challenge.In this work,towards deep-subwavelength LIPSS on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG),we demonstrate that ultra-uniform nanogratings of sub-50-nm periods and near-10-nm groove widths can be stably prepared via 800-nm femtosecond laser scanning irradiation with a high-NA objective lens under water immersion.The resulting nanogratings of strong polarization dependence,exhibiting exceptional surface flatness,period stability,and structural integrity,tend to appear at near-damage-threshold fluence regime with an appropriate effective pulse number.It turns out that the water immersion condition can significantly reduce the thermal effects of femtosecond laser ablation on HOPG,and thus via a mild,incubation-like scanning ablation process occurring in the nanogrooves with a continuous or jumping manner,this deep-subwavelength grating can achieve robust elongation growth,ensuring its long-range uniformity as well as minimal deposited debris and structural defects.Interestingly,the different incubation extension mechanisms for the mutually perpendicular and parallel settings between scanning direction and laser polarization bring not only distinct effective-pulse-number windows and somewhat different grating qualities,but also different extension stabilities in nanograting stitching via overlapping scanning lines and thus the optimal scanning strategy of parallel setting for large-area processing.In short,this study presents a convenient laser-processing approach for high precision fabrication of sub-50-nm gratings on HOPG,which would provide new insights into micro/nano-fabrication for optoelectronic metasurfaces and physics of the interaction between ultrafast laser and graphite.展开更多
The chemical industry plays a critical role in supporting global economic development,yet its traditional production paradigms are associated with high resource consumption,energy demand,and environmental impact.To de...The chemical industry plays a critical role in supporting global economic development,yet its traditional production paradigms are associated with high resource consumption,energy demand,and environmental impact.To deal with the growing regulatory burden,societal demands,and environmental targets,eco-friendly processes in chemicals have become one of the major approaches to ensuring industrialization with environmental safety.This review includes an overall summary of the recent developments of green chemical processes with the focus on the basic principles,facilitating structures,and technologies that form the basis of sustainable chemical production.The most important advances in sustainable feedstocks,green catalysis,environmentally benign solvents,energy-efficient and intensified process technologies are also essential introductions,and the importance of digitalization,artificial intelligence,and life cycle-informed assessment tools in environmental performance optimization is also increasing.The review also discusses some of the barriers related to industry implementation,such as scalability,economic viability,and the necessity of having strong sustainability verification.Using chosen industrial case studies of China,South Korea,and Vietnam,various ways of integrating eco-friendly processes are demonstrated,including the adoption of renewable energy and low-carbon hydrogen,the adoption of circular plastics,and refinery energy optimization.Such examples demonstrate the significance of regional settings,system-level integration,and open environmental assessment in achieving significant sustainability results.The presented insights should guide the way future research proceeds and facilitate the shift toward the low-impact chemical manufacturing systems that are resilient.展开更多
In rock engineering,natural cracks in rock masses subjected to external loads tend to initiate and propagate,leading to potential safety hazards.To investigate the effect of cracking behavior on the mechanical propert...In rock engineering,natural cracks in rock masses subjected to external loads tend to initiate and propagate,leading to potential safety hazards.To investigate the effect of cracking behavior on the mechanical properties of rocks,the cracking processes of pre-cracked rocks have been extensively studied using numerical modeling methods.The peridynamics(PD)exhibits advantages over other numerical methods due to the absence of the requirements for remeshing and external crack growth criterion.However,for modeling pre-cracked rock cracking processes under impact,current PD implementations lack generally applicable rock constitutive models and impact contact models,which leads to difficulties in determining rock material parameters and efficiently calculating impact loads.This paper proposes a non-ordinary state-based peridynamics(NOSBPD)modeling method integrating the Drucker-Prager(DP)plasticity model and an efficient contact model to address the above problems.In the proposed method,the Drucker-Prager plasticity model is integrated into the NOSBPD,thereby equipping NOSBPD with the capability to accurately characterize the nonlinear stress-strain relationship inherent in rocks.An efficient contact model between particles and meshes is designed to calculate the impact loads,which is essentially a coupling method of PD with the finite element method(FEM).The effectiveness of the proposed NOSBPD modeling method is verified by comparison with other numerical methods and experiments.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively and accurately predict the 3D cracking processes of pre-cracked cracks under impact loading,and the maximum principal stress is the key driver behind wing crack formation in pre-cracked rocks.展开更多
To address the persistent challenge of dynamic mismatch between wellbore lifting capacity and reservoir fluid supply,and to establish a robust optimization framework for drainage operations in high-water-cut tight san...To address the persistent challenge of dynamic mismatch between wellbore lifting capacity and reservoir fluid supply,and to establish a robust optimization framework for drainage operations in high-water-cut tight sandstone gas reservoirs,this study systematically investigates the graded optimization and dynamic adaptation of drainage gas recovery technologies.Production data from a representative tight gas field were first employed to forecast reservoir performance.The predictive reliability was rigorously validated through high-precision history matching,thereby providing a quantitatively consistent foundation for subsequent wellbore optimization.Building on this characterization,a coupled simulation framework was developed that integrates wellbore multiphase flow modeling with nodal analysis based on the Inflow Performance Relationship,IPR,and the Vertical Lift Performance,VLP.This coordinated approach enables comprehensive evaluation of process adaptability and dynamic optimization of foam-assisted drainage,mechanical pumping,and jet pumping systems under evolving water-gas ratio,WGR conditions.The results reveal that a progressively increasing water-gas ratio is the dominant factor driving the transition from chemically assisted drainage methods to mechanically enhanced lifting technologies.A distinct quantitative threshold is identified at WGR≈0.002,beyond which mechanical intervention becomes more effective and economically justified.For mechanical pumping and jet pumping systems,a parameter inversion optimization strategy constrained by the target bottomhole flowing pressure,Pwf,is proposed to ensure stable production while maintaining reservoir drawdown control.In particular,the nozzle-to-throat area ratio of the jet pump is identified as the key governing parameter influencing entrainment capacity and lifting efficiency.Moreover,a configuration characterized by small pump diameter,long stroke length,and low operating speed is demonstrated to satisfy drainage requirements while mitigating torque fluctuations,enhancing volumetric efficiency,and improving pump fillage stability.展开更多
Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed f...Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed flow-through electrochemical reactors(FERs)primarily based on porous electrodes,where the pore structure significantly impacts the electrochemical reaction.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the impact of different pore sizes on the fluid dynamics,current potential distribution,mass transfer processes,and degradation performance of FERs.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results indicated that smaller pore sizes(10μm,30μm,and 60μm)significantly enhanced convective effects within the fluid,reduced short fluid paths and dead volume regions within the microchannels,and facilitated mass transfer processes.Additionally,smaller pore sizes were conducive to a uniform distribution of current density.Furthermore,Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)oxidation experiments revealed that the current density at a pore size of 160μm was notably lower than that at 10μm,indicating slower mass transfer of Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)within larger channels.Calculations based on experimental results demonstrated that the mass transfer rate at a pore size of 10μm was six times than that at 160μm,further confirming the enhancing effect of smaller pore sizes on the mass transfer process.Lastly,experiments on tetracycline degradation showed that at a residence time of 90 s,the removal efficiencies of tetracycline were 80%and 39.1%for porous electrodes with pore sizes of 10μm and 160μm,respectively,demonstrating the superior removal efficiency of smaller pore sizes for tetracycline degradation.展开更多
Laser-induced plasma is often produced in the presence of background gas,which causes some new physical processes.In this work,a two-dimensional axisymmetric radiation fluid dynamics model is used to numerically simul...Laser-induced plasma is often produced in the presence of background gas,which causes some new physical processes.In this work,a two-dimensional axisymmetric radiation fluid dynamics model is used to numerically simulate the expansion process of plasma under different pressures and gases,in which the multiple interaction processes of diffusion,viscosity and heat conduction between the laser ablated target vapor and the background gas are further considered,and the spatio-temporal evolutions of plasma parameters(species number density,expansion velocity,size and electron temperature)as well as the emission spectra are obtained.The consistency between the actual and simulated spectra of aluminum plasma in 1 atm argon verifies the correctness of the model and the numerical simulation,thus providing a refinement analysis method for the basic research of plasma expansion in gases and the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.展开更多
一、作为哲学的AI for Process(一)郭为的哲学思想1.郭为是谁郭为是谁?他是一位哲学家。顺便说,他同时还领导着神州数码。为什么说郭为是哲学家呢?因为他在著作中谈到高深的哲学,如“数据如水,奔流不息,无界融合”。他引述古希腊哲学家...一、作为哲学的AI for Process(一)郭为的哲学思想1.郭为是谁郭为是谁?他是一位哲学家。顺便说,他同时还领导着神州数码。为什么说郭为是哲学家呢?因为他在著作中谈到高深的哲学,如“数据如水,奔流不息,无界融合”。他引述古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特所说的“万物流转”,又说“你不能两次踏进同一条河流,因为新的水不断地流过你的身旁”,他所表达的意思是“世界上唯一不变的就是变化”。展开更多
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is regarded as a promising technique for realtime sorting of scrap metals due to its capability of fast multi-elemental and in-air analysis. This work reports a method for si...Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is regarded as a promising technique for realtime sorting of scrap metals due to its capability of fast multi-elemental and in-air analysis. This work reports a method for signal processing which ensures high accuracy and high speed during similar metal sorting by LIBS. Similar metals such as aluminum alloys or stainless steel are characterized by nearly the same constituent elements with slight variations in elemental concentration depending on metal type. In the proposed method, the original data matrix is substantially reduced for fast processing by selecting new input variables(spectral lines) using the information for the constituent elements of similar metals. Specifically, principal component analysis(PCA) of full-spectra LIBS data was performed and then, based on the loading plots, the input variables of greater significance were selected in the order of higher weights for each constituent element. The results for the classification test with aluminum alloy, copper alloy,stainless steel and cast steel showed that the classification accuracy of the proposed method was nearly the same as that of full-spectra PCA, but the computation time was reduced by a factor of 20 or more. The results demonstrated that incorporating the information for constituent elements can significantly accelerate classification speed without loss of accuracy.展开更多
A novel laser processing technique was developed for making channels in the nano regime in this paper.A Nd:YAG laser was used to dry fabricate micro channels(25μm～100μm di- ameter)in a 1 cm^3 fused silica substrate...A novel laser processing technique was developed for making channels in the nano regime in this paper.A Nd:YAG laser was used to dry fabricate micro channels(25μm～100μm di- ameter)in a 1 cm^3 fused silica substrate by thermal-induced processing.By controlling the locations of these initiating micro channels on a silica cube,1D-controllable self-connecting nano fractures can be formed as rectangular channels.These nano channels are smooth and with extremely high aspect ratio(～10~4 depth to width ratio).A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the nano channels.This laser-based nano channel fabrication technique is fast and inexpensive,and with potential applications in capillary electrophoresis and electro-osmosis driven nano-filtration.展开更多
The effect of hot band annealing processes—batch annealing and continuous annealing—on the texture evolution and ridging performance of ferritic stainless steel was investigated.The surface and central layers of the...The effect of hot band annealing processes—batch annealing and continuous annealing—on the texture evolution and ridging performance of ferritic stainless steel was investigated.The surface and central layers of the hot band exhibited strong shear and plane deformation textures,respectively.After batch annealing,the texture intensity of the hot-rolled sheet texture significantly decreased,and a weak recrystallization texture appeared,while fully recrystallized grains occurred after continuous annealing.A complete recrystallized{111}texture was obtained after recrystallization annealing.The sheet subjected to continuous annealing exhibited the highest intensity of{111}texture,which was accompanied by a dispersed grain orientation distribution,resulting in the lowest ridging height.展开更多
Magnesium and magnesium alloys,serving as crucial lightweight structural materials and hydrogen storage elements,find extensive applications in space technology,aviation,automotive,and magnesium-based hydrogen industr...Magnesium and magnesium alloys,serving as crucial lightweight structural materials and hydrogen storage elements,find extensive applications in space technology,aviation,automotive,and magnesium-based hydrogen industries.The global production of primary magnesium has reached approximately 1.2 million tons per year,with anticipated diversification in future applications and significant market demand.Nevertheless,approximately 80%of the world’s primary magnesium is still manufactured through the Pidgeon process,grappling with formidable issues including high energy consumption,massive carbon emission,significant resource depletion,and environmental pollution.The implementation of the relative vacuum method shows potential in breaking through technological challenges in the Pidgeon process,facilitating clean,low-carbon continuous magnesium smelting.This paper begins by introducing the principles of the relative vacuum method.Subsequently,it elucidates various innovative process routes,including relative vacuum ferrosilicon reduction,aluminum thermal reduction co-production of spinel,and aluminum thermal reduction co-production of calcium aluminate.Finally,and thermodynamic foundations of the relative vacuum,a quantitative analysis of the material,energy flows,carbon emission,and production cost for several new processes is conducted,comparing and analyzing them against the Pidgeon process.The study findings reveal that,with identical raw materials,the relative vacuum silicon thermal reduction process significantly decreases raw material consumption,energy consumption,and carbon dioxide emissions by 15.86%,30.89%,and 26.27%,respectively,compared to the Pidgeon process.The relative vacuum process,using magnesite as the raw material and aluminum as the reducing agent,has the lowest magnesium-to-feed ratio,at only 3.385.Additionally,its energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are the lowest,at 1.817 tce/t Mg and 7.782 t CO_(2)/t Mg,respectively.The energy consumption and carbon emissions of the relative vacuum magnesium smelting process co-producing calcium aluminate(12CaO·7Al_(2)O_(3),3CaO·Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO·Al_(2)O_(3))are highly correlated with the consumption of dolomite in the raw materials.When the reduction temperature is around 1473.15 K,the critical volume fraction of magnesium vapor for different processes varies within the range of 5%–40%.Production cost analysis shows that the relative vacuum primary magnesium smelting process has significant economic benefits.This paper offers essential data support and theoretical guidance for achieving energy efficiency,carbon reduction in magnesium smelting,and the industrial adoption of innovative processes.展开更多
Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the el...Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.展开更多
In oil and gas well cementing processes,accurately predicting the bottom hole circulating temperature(BHCT)is critical to ensuring effective zonal isolation.Overestimating the temperature can lead to excessive retarda...In oil and gas well cementing processes,accurately predicting the bottom hole circulating temperature(BHCT)is critical to ensuring effective zonal isolation.Overestimating the temperature can lead to excessive retardation issues,while underestimation can cause cementing accidents.Current methods for calculating the BHCT of cement slurry typically simplify the cementing processes to a single-fluid circulation and ignore the impact of pre-cementing processes on temperature,leading to significant discrepancies between calculated and actual results.In this study,the wellbore and formation are simplified into a two-dimensional axisymmetric structure,and a mathematical model of the temperature field under multi-fluid and multi-step conditions is established based on the law of energy conservation.The finite volume method was used to discretize the model,and a transient temperature field solver for the entire cementing process was developed,which can numerically calculate the temperature of any fluid at any time,any location.For an actual well example,the temperature distribution of the wellbore and formation after casing running is taken as the initial condition.Numerical calculations were performed sequentially to calculate the temperature fields of circulation flushing,wellbore preparation,and cementing,as well as the BHCT of the cement slurry.The study reveals that during the circulation flushing stage,the maximum temperature point in the wellbore is located at a distance of about 366 m above the bottom of the well.In the wellbore preparation stage,due to static heat exchange,the maximum temperature point gradually shifts to the bottom of the well.The BHCT of cement slurry changes continuously under cementing processes with multi-fluid and multi-step,making it a transient value.The BHCT of the lead slurry and tail slurry are not equal,with the maximum BHCT of the tail slurry being 2.46°C higher than that of the lead slurry.If circulation flushing and wellbore preparation are not considered,the calculated BHCT of the cement slurry will have errors of+6.8%and-1.9%.The study highlighted that considering thermal effects of all cementing stages,such as circulation flushing and wellbore preparation,in BHCT calculations can help improve prediction accuracy.展开更多
This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions....This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions.It proposes the idea of introducing spray pyrolysis technology into the rare earth extraction and separation processes.This paper briefly describes the development history of chloride spray pyrolysis technology,focusing on the research status and application progress of rare earth chloride solution and magnesium chloride solution spray pyrolysis technology,as well as spray pyrolysis equipment.The paper also analyzes the challenges and technical intricacies associated with applying spray pyrolysis technology to chloride solutions in the rare earth extraction and separation processes.Additionally,it explores future trends and proposes strategies to facilitate the full recycling of acids and bases,streamline the process flow,and enhance the prospects for green and low-carbon rare earth metallurgy.展开更多
Laser-induced electro-response(LIER),as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques,is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms,model deficiency,inconsistent evaluation p...Laser-induced electro-response(LIER),as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques,is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms,model deficiency,inconsistent evaluation parameters,and difficulty in separating multiple coupling factors in shale anisotropy evaluation,and establish a more complete and reliable shale physical property evaluation system.A testing strategy for out of plane anisotropy(OPA)was proposed for characterising anisotropy by LIER,where the near infrared(NIR)continuous laser(CL)and nanosecond pulsed laser(PL)were used to irradiate the surface of oblique cut shale,and the transverse LIER of the surface was measured.A LIER detection model is constructed from the laser-thermal effect,residual transverse polarization electric field and thermionic emission transport mechanism,which is strongly relying on laser power,bias voltage,and inclination angle of the measurement direction relative to the bedding plane of shale.For OPA test on the slice of oblique cut shale under CL irradiation,the relationship between the product of LIER simulation parameters and the tilting angle can be described by a cubic function and an impulse function with a maximum value at the threshold angle.In addition,the thermal accumulation and transient thermal effects are induced in the shale under a high-energy short laser pulse irradiation,and the simulation results indicate that there is an exponential relationship between the product of parameters in the LIER model and the tilt angle.Thus,for OPA test under CL and PL irradiations,it is recommended to use the product of parameters as an evaluation index for shale anisotropy.Furthermore,to solve the problem of multiple influencing factors entangled in the exponential term of the LIER model,the tangential LIER measurement was performed on the side of cylindrical shale core,where the provided LIER model effectively presented the anisotropy of tight shale plug,especially the effects of bias voltage and laser power on LIER were relatively separated as independent variables.Finally,the LIER at the end of laser drilling is presented well using the optimized model under a focused ns NIR PL irradiation,indicating that LIER is expected to be a real-time means for characterizing shale anisotropy during laser drilling processes.These results show that the present work is fundamental for the precise evaluation and effective development of anisotropic shale reservoirs,and will drive the advances of LIER in the exploration for shale oil and gas.展开更多
We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple elect...We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple electronic states while simultaneously tracking their time-dependent electronic,vibrational,and rotational dynamics.As an illustrative example,we consider neutral H_(2)molecules and simulate the laser-induced excitation dynamics of electronic and rotational states in strong laser fields,quantitatively distinguishing the respective contributions of electronic dipole transitions(within the classical-field approximation)and non-resonant Raman processes to the overall molecular dynamics.Furthermore,we precisely evaluate the relative contributions of direct tunneling ionization from the ground state and ionization following electronic excitation in the strong-field ionization of H_(2).The developed methodology shows strong potential for performing high-precision theoretical simulations of electronic-vibrational-rotational state excitations,ionization,and dissociation dynamics in molecules and their ions under intense laser fields.展开更多
Extreme environments challenge the structural health monitoring of advanced equipment.In-situ dynamic tracking temperature is of particular value due to its enormous impact on material properties.However,the realizati...Extreme environments challenge the structural health monitoring of advanced equipment.In-situ dynamic tracking temperature is of particular value due to its enormous impact on material properties.However,the realization of such integrated temperature sensors typically requires complicated layer-by-layer molding and sintering processes including additional thermal barrier coatings.Herein,we report a laser-induced in-situ conductive passivation strategy for the fabrication of a thin-film based wide-range temperature sensor.The instantaneous thermal effect of laser irradiation creates crystalline conductive traces in response to temperature variations.Synchronously,it also allows the formation of an amorphous antioxidative layer without necessitating extra protective coatings.Such configuration enables precise real-time sensing across-50℃to 950℃following the Steinhart-Hart equation.It also exhibits durable performance with only 1.2%drift over 20 hours during long-term high-temperature,instant thermal shock,frequent wearing,and severe vibration.This in-situ,facile laser manufacturing strategy holds great promise in structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis for advanced equipment working in extreme environments.展开更多
文摘Laser-induced graphene(LIG)has emerged as a versatile,sustainable material for advanced energy technologies,offering a scalable,catalyst-free,and programmable method to directly convert carbon-rich substrates into porous,conductive graphene.This single-step laser writing approach enables flexible,patternable electrodes without complex post-processing.With its high conductivity,large surface area,and tunable chemistry,LIG is well-suited for diverse applications including batteries,supercapacitors,dyesensitized solar cells(DSSCs),dual cells,water-splitting electrocatalysis,and triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).In energy storage,LIG improves charge transport,buffer volume changes,and provides a robust framework,enhancing capacitance,cycling stability,and rate capability.Its catalytic activity is further boosted through heteroatom doping or transition-metal incorporation,achieving HER/OER performance comparable to noble metals.In DSSCs,LIG functions as a flexible,low-cost alternative to platinum counter electrodes,while in TENGs,its strong triboelectric response and mechanical durability enable integration into self-powered,wearable systems.Despite the immense recent progress in this field,challenges remain regarding the scalability,long-term operational stability,and interfacial engineering of LIGbased composites.Further exploration into multi-laser systems,substrate diversity,and synergistic composite architectures will be crucial to optimizing device performance and reliability.Nevertheless,the green,cost-efficient,rapid,and programmable synthesis of LIG poses it as a cornerstone potential building block material in the development of future sustainable and multifunctional energy systems.Throughout the review we compare fabrication strategies,summarize performance metrics against relevant benchmarks,and identifying common mechanistic advantages conferred by the laser writing process.Remaining challenges-such as scale-up,precursor diversity,long-term environmental stability,and integration into complex device architectures-are outlined alongside prospective research directions.Collectively,this review article provides an in-depth perspective on the multifunctional nature of LIG,underscoring its promise in next-generation energy storage,conversion,harvesting applications,and laying the groundwork for future research directions.
文摘The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.
基金supported in part by the Pioneer Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2025C01021)Zhejiang Province Postdoctoral Research Project Selection Fund(ZJ2025061)+3 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project-Intelligent Manufacturing Systems and Robotics of China(2025ZD1602000,2025ZD1601800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61933015,62273030,62573387)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province,China(LY24F030004)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(25222139-Y)。
文摘Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models show some promising results,they are generally limited by non-negligible drawbacks such as interpretability issues of feature learning.To address these issues,we propose a novel concept based on the shallow-to-deep correlation network representation regression(Sh-to-De CNRR).Our approach,shallow correlation network representation regression(ShCNRR),combines neural network and canonical correlation analysis thoughts to generate explainable features via shallow correlation network representation(CNR).A twin inverse network is then derived to obtain the explicit model output,leveraging the shallow CNR.To capture deeper nonlinear information,we extend ShCNRR into a hierarchical deep correlation network representation regression(DeCNRR)model that features stacked neural networks,enabling us to learn deeper CNR from process data.The feasibility and advantages of our proposals are validated by theoretical derivations and practical IP cases,which contain one MIQ regression and three MIQ-related fault detection tasks.The results reveal that highly fused statistical and neural network models yield superior monitoring performance compared to current state-of-the-art models,while statistical tests verify the convincing feature mining.
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515012335)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.11274400)+2 种基金Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.201506010059)State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies(Sun Yat-Sen University)(Grant No.OEMT-2024-ZTS-01)State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics(Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics)。
文摘Laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have gained increasing attention in the field of micro/nano fabrication,although achieving sub-100-nm period LIPSS with high uniformity remains a significant challenge.In this work,towards deep-subwavelength LIPSS on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG),we demonstrate that ultra-uniform nanogratings of sub-50-nm periods and near-10-nm groove widths can be stably prepared via 800-nm femtosecond laser scanning irradiation with a high-NA objective lens under water immersion.The resulting nanogratings of strong polarization dependence,exhibiting exceptional surface flatness,period stability,and structural integrity,tend to appear at near-damage-threshold fluence regime with an appropriate effective pulse number.It turns out that the water immersion condition can significantly reduce the thermal effects of femtosecond laser ablation on HOPG,and thus via a mild,incubation-like scanning ablation process occurring in the nanogrooves with a continuous or jumping manner,this deep-subwavelength grating can achieve robust elongation growth,ensuring its long-range uniformity as well as minimal deposited debris and structural defects.Interestingly,the different incubation extension mechanisms for the mutually perpendicular and parallel settings between scanning direction and laser polarization bring not only distinct effective-pulse-number windows and somewhat different grating qualities,but also different extension stabilities in nanograting stitching via overlapping scanning lines and thus the optimal scanning strategy of parallel setting for large-area processing.In short,this study presents a convenient laser-processing approach for high precision fabrication of sub-50-nm gratings on HOPG,which would provide new insights into micro/nano-fabrication for optoelectronic metasurfaces and physics of the interaction between ultrafast laser and graphite.
文摘The chemical industry plays a critical role in supporting global economic development,yet its traditional production paradigms are associated with high resource consumption,energy demand,and environmental impact.To deal with the growing regulatory burden,societal demands,and environmental targets,eco-friendly processes in chemicals have become one of the major approaches to ensuring industrialization with environmental safety.This review includes an overall summary of the recent developments of green chemical processes with the focus on the basic principles,facilitating structures,and technologies that form the basis of sustainable chemical production.The most important advances in sustainable feedstocks,green catalysis,environmentally benign solvents,energy-efficient and intensified process technologies are also essential introductions,and the importance of digitalization,artificial intelligence,and life cycle-informed assessment tools in environmental performance optimization is also increasing.The review also discusses some of the barriers related to industry implementation,such as scalability,economic viability,and the necessity of having strong sustainability verification.Using chosen industrial case studies of China,South Korea,and Vietnam,various ways of integrating eco-friendly processes are demonstrated,including the adoption of renewable energy and low-carbon hydrogen,the adoption of circular plastics,and refinery energy optimization.Such examples demonstrate the significance of regional settings,system-level integration,and open environmental assessment in achieving significant sustainability results.The presented insights should guide the way future research proceeds and facilitate the shift toward the low-impact chemical manufacturing systems that are resilient.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42277161 and 42230709).
文摘In rock engineering,natural cracks in rock masses subjected to external loads tend to initiate and propagate,leading to potential safety hazards.To investigate the effect of cracking behavior on the mechanical properties of rocks,the cracking processes of pre-cracked rocks have been extensively studied using numerical modeling methods.The peridynamics(PD)exhibits advantages over other numerical methods due to the absence of the requirements for remeshing and external crack growth criterion.However,for modeling pre-cracked rock cracking processes under impact,current PD implementations lack generally applicable rock constitutive models and impact contact models,which leads to difficulties in determining rock material parameters and efficiently calculating impact loads.This paper proposes a non-ordinary state-based peridynamics(NOSBPD)modeling method integrating the Drucker-Prager(DP)plasticity model and an efficient contact model to address the above problems.In the proposed method,the Drucker-Prager plasticity model is integrated into the NOSBPD,thereby equipping NOSBPD with the capability to accurately characterize the nonlinear stress-strain relationship inherent in rocks.An efficient contact model between particles and meshes is designed to calculate the impact loads,which is essentially a coupling method of PD with the finite element method(FEM).The effectiveness of the proposed NOSBPD modeling method is verified by comparison with other numerical methods and experiments.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively and accurately predict the 3D cracking processes of pre-cracked cracks under impact loading,and the maximum principal stress is the key driver behind wing crack formation in pre-cracked rocks.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of PetroChina Company Limited“Research on Key Technologies for Enhancing Recovery in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs”,specifically under its third sub-project:“Research on Integrated Fracturing,Drainage,and Production Technology to Enhance Single-Well Production in Water-Bearing Gas Reservoirs”(Grant number:2023ZZ25YJ03).
文摘To address the persistent challenge of dynamic mismatch between wellbore lifting capacity and reservoir fluid supply,and to establish a robust optimization framework for drainage operations in high-water-cut tight sandstone gas reservoirs,this study systematically investigates the graded optimization and dynamic adaptation of drainage gas recovery technologies.Production data from a representative tight gas field were first employed to forecast reservoir performance.The predictive reliability was rigorously validated through high-precision history matching,thereby providing a quantitatively consistent foundation for subsequent wellbore optimization.Building on this characterization,a coupled simulation framework was developed that integrates wellbore multiphase flow modeling with nodal analysis based on the Inflow Performance Relationship,IPR,and the Vertical Lift Performance,VLP.This coordinated approach enables comprehensive evaluation of process adaptability and dynamic optimization of foam-assisted drainage,mechanical pumping,and jet pumping systems under evolving water-gas ratio,WGR conditions.The results reveal that a progressively increasing water-gas ratio is the dominant factor driving the transition from chemically assisted drainage methods to mechanically enhanced lifting technologies.A distinct quantitative threshold is identified at WGR≈0.002,beyond which mechanical intervention becomes more effective and economically justified.For mechanical pumping and jet pumping systems,a parameter inversion optimization strategy constrained by the target bottomhole flowing pressure,Pwf,is proposed to ensure stable production while maintaining reservoir drawdown control.In particular,the nozzle-to-throat area ratio of the jet pump is identified as the key governing parameter influencing entrainment capacity and lifting efficiency.Moreover,a configuration characterized by small pump diameter,long stroke length,and low operating speed is demonstrated to satisfy drainage requirements while mitigating torque fluctuations,enhancing volumetric efficiency,and improving pump fillage stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20241 and 21876105)Shaanxi“Scientist&Engineer”Team(No.2023KXJ-131)Xianyang Key S&T Special Projects(No.L2023-ZDKJ-QCY-SXGG-GY-007).
文摘Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed flow-through electrochemical reactors(FERs)primarily based on porous electrodes,where the pore structure significantly impacts the electrochemical reaction.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the impact of different pore sizes on the fluid dynamics,current potential distribution,mass transfer processes,and degradation performance of FERs.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results indicated that smaller pore sizes(10μm,30μm,and 60μm)significantly enhanced convective effects within the fluid,reduced short fluid paths and dead volume regions within the microchannels,and facilitated mass transfer processes.Additionally,smaller pore sizes were conducive to a uniform distribution of current density.Furthermore,Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)oxidation experiments revealed that the current density at a pore size of 160μm was notably lower than that at 10μm,indicating slower mass transfer of Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)within larger channels.Calculations based on experimental results demonstrated that the mass transfer rate at a pore size of 10μm was six times than that at 160μm,further confirming the enhancing effect of smaller pore sizes on the mass transfer process.Lastly,experiments on tetracycline degradation showed that at a residence time of 90 s,the removal efficiencies of tetracycline were 80%and 39.1%for porous electrodes with pore sizes of 10μm and 160μm,respectively,demonstrating the superior removal efficiency of smaller pore sizes for tetracycline degradation.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0304203)National Energy R&D Center of Petroleum Refining Technology(RIPP,SINOPEC)+4 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT_17R70)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.61975103,61875108,61775125,11434007)Major Special Science and Technology Projects in Shanxi(No.201804D131036)111 project(No.D18001)Fund for Shanxi‘1331KSC’。
文摘Laser-induced plasma is often produced in the presence of background gas,which causes some new physical processes.In this work,a two-dimensional axisymmetric radiation fluid dynamics model is used to numerically simulate the expansion process of plasma under different pressures and gases,in which the multiple interaction processes of diffusion,viscosity and heat conduction between the laser ablated target vapor and the background gas are further considered,and the spatio-temporal evolutions of plasma parameters(species number density,expansion velocity,size and electron temperature)as well as the emission spectra are obtained.The consistency between the actual and simulated spectra of aluminum plasma in 1 atm argon verifies the correctness of the model and the numerical simulation,thus providing a refinement analysis method for the basic research of plasma expansion in gases and the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
文摘一、作为哲学的AI for Process(一)郭为的哲学思想1.郭为是谁郭为是谁?他是一位哲学家。顺便说,他同时还领导着神州数码。为什么说郭为是哲学家呢?因为他在著作中谈到高深的哲学,如“数据如水,奔流不息,无界融合”。他引述古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特所说的“万物流转”,又说“你不能两次踏进同一条河流,因为新的水不断地流过你的身旁”,他所表达的意思是“世界上唯一不变的就是变化”。
基金supported by the R&D Center for Valuable Recycling (Global-Top R&BD Program) of the Ministry of Environment. (Project No. 2016002250003)
文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is regarded as a promising technique for realtime sorting of scrap metals due to its capability of fast multi-elemental and in-air analysis. This work reports a method for signal processing which ensures high accuracy and high speed during similar metal sorting by LIBS. Similar metals such as aluminum alloys or stainless steel are characterized by nearly the same constituent elements with slight variations in elemental concentration depending on metal type. In the proposed method, the original data matrix is substantially reduced for fast processing by selecting new input variables(spectral lines) using the information for the constituent elements of similar metals. Specifically, principal component analysis(PCA) of full-spectra LIBS data was performed and then, based on the loading plots, the input variables of greater significance were selected in the order of higher weights for each constituent element. The results for the classification test with aluminum alloy, copper alloy,stainless steel and cast steel showed that the classification accuracy of the proposed method was nearly the same as that of full-spectra PCA, but the computation time was reduced by a factor of 20 or more. The results demonstrated that incorporating the information for constituent elements can significantly accelerate classification speed without loss of accuracy.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50375031)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (CUHK 4416/99E)
文摘A novel laser processing technique was developed for making channels in the nano regime in this paper.A Nd:YAG laser was used to dry fabricate micro channels(25μm～100μm di- ameter)in a 1 cm^3 fused silica substrate by thermal-induced processing.By controlling the locations of these initiating micro channels on a silica cube,1D-controllable self-connecting nano fractures can be formed as rectangular channels.These nano channels are smooth and with extremely high aspect ratio(～10~4 depth to width ratio).A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the nano channels.This laser-based nano channel fabrication technique is fast and inexpensive,and with potential applications in capillary electrophoresis and electro-osmosis driven nano-filtration.
文摘The effect of hot band annealing processes—batch annealing and continuous annealing—on the texture evolution and ridging performance of ferritic stainless steel was investigated.The surface and central layers of the hot band exhibited strong shear and plane deformation textures,respectively.After batch annealing,the texture intensity of the hot-rolled sheet texture significantly decreased,and a weak recrystallization texture appeared,while fully recrystallized grains occurred after continuous annealing.A complete recrystallized{111}texture was obtained after recrystallization annealing.The sheet subjected to continuous annealing exhibited the highest intensity of{111}texture,which was accompanied by a dispersed grain orientation distribution,resulting in the lowest ridging height.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023T160088)the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304324).
文摘Magnesium and magnesium alloys,serving as crucial lightweight structural materials and hydrogen storage elements,find extensive applications in space technology,aviation,automotive,and magnesium-based hydrogen industries.The global production of primary magnesium has reached approximately 1.2 million tons per year,with anticipated diversification in future applications and significant market demand.Nevertheless,approximately 80%of the world’s primary magnesium is still manufactured through the Pidgeon process,grappling with formidable issues including high energy consumption,massive carbon emission,significant resource depletion,and environmental pollution.The implementation of the relative vacuum method shows potential in breaking through technological challenges in the Pidgeon process,facilitating clean,low-carbon continuous magnesium smelting.This paper begins by introducing the principles of the relative vacuum method.Subsequently,it elucidates various innovative process routes,including relative vacuum ferrosilicon reduction,aluminum thermal reduction co-production of spinel,and aluminum thermal reduction co-production of calcium aluminate.Finally,and thermodynamic foundations of the relative vacuum,a quantitative analysis of the material,energy flows,carbon emission,and production cost for several new processes is conducted,comparing and analyzing them against the Pidgeon process.The study findings reveal that,with identical raw materials,the relative vacuum silicon thermal reduction process significantly decreases raw material consumption,energy consumption,and carbon dioxide emissions by 15.86%,30.89%,and 26.27%,respectively,compared to the Pidgeon process.The relative vacuum process,using magnesite as the raw material and aluminum as the reducing agent,has the lowest magnesium-to-feed ratio,at only 3.385.Additionally,its energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are the lowest,at 1.817 tce/t Mg and 7.782 t CO_(2)/t Mg,respectively.The energy consumption and carbon emissions of the relative vacuum magnesium smelting process co-producing calcium aluminate(12CaO·7Al_(2)O_(3),3CaO·Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO·Al_(2)O_(3))are highly correlated with the consumption of dolomite in the raw materials.When the reduction temperature is around 1473.15 K,the critical volume fraction of magnesium vapor for different processes varies within the range of 5%–40%.Production cost analysis shows that the relative vacuum primary magnesium smelting process has significant economic benefits.This paper offers essential data support and theoretical guidance for achieving energy efficiency,carbon reduction in magnesium smelting,and the industrial adoption of innovative processes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3205300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176124).
文摘Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B6003 and No.52274010)the China Scholarship Council(No.202008080235)。
文摘In oil and gas well cementing processes,accurately predicting the bottom hole circulating temperature(BHCT)is critical to ensuring effective zonal isolation.Overestimating the temperature can lead to excessive retardation issues,while underestimation can cause cementing accidents.Current methods for calculating the BHCT of cement slurry typically simplify the cementing processes to a single-fluid circulation and ignore the impact of pre-cementing processes on temperature,leading to significant discrepancies between calculated and actual results.In this study,the wellbore and formation are simplified into a two-dimensional axisymmetric structure,and a mathematical model of the temperature field under multi-fluid and multi-step conditions is established based on the law of energy conservation.The finite volume method was used to discretize the model,and a transient temperature field solver for the entire cementing process was developed,which can numerically calculate the temperature of any fluid at any time,any location.For an actual well example,the temperature distribution of the wellbore and formation after casing running is taken as the initial condition.Numerical calculations were performed sequentially to calculate the temperature fields of circulation flushing,wellbore preparation,and cementing,as well as the BHCT of the cement slurry.The study reveals that during the circulation flushing stage,the maximum temperature point in the wellbore is located at a distance of about 366 m above the bottom of the well.In the wellbore preparation stage,due to static heat exchange,the maximum temperature point gradually shifts to the bottom of the well.The BHCT of cement slurry changes continuously under cementing processes with multi-fluid and multi-step,making it a transient value.The BHCT of the lead slurry and tail slurry are not equal,with the maximum BHCT of the tail slurry being 2.46°C higher than that of the lead slurry.If circulation flushing and wellbore preparation are not considered,the calculated BHCT of the cement slurry will have errors of+6.8%and-1.9%.The study highlighted that considering thermal effects of all cementing stages,such as circulation flushing and wellbore preparation,in BHCT calculations can help improve prediction accuracy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3504501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274355)。
文摘This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions.It proposes the idea of introducing spray pyrolysis technology into the rare earth extraction and separation processes.This paper briefly describes the development history of chloride spray pyrolysis technology,focusing on the research status and application progress of rare earth chloride solution and magnesium chloride solution spray pyrolysis technology,as well as spray pyrolysis equipment.The paper also analyzes the challenges and technical intricacies associated with applying spray pyrolysis technology to chloride solutions in the rare earth extraction and separation processes.Additionally,it explores future trends and proposes strategies to facilitate the full recycling of acids and bases,streamline the process flow,and enhance the prospects for green and low-carbon rare earth metallurgy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12374412 and 12404502).
文摘Laser-induced electro-response(LIER),as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques,is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms,model deficiency,inconsistent evaluation parameters,and difficulty in separating multiple coupling factors in shale anisotropy evaluation,and establish a more complete and reliable shale physical property evaluation system.A testing strategy for out of plane anisotropy(OPA)was proposed for characterising anisotropy by LIER,where the near infrared(NIR)continuous laser(CL)and nanosecond pulsed laser(PL)were used to irradiate the surface of oblique cut shale,and the transverse LIER of the surface was measured.A LIER detection model is constructed from the laser-thermal effect,residual transverse polarization electric field and thermionic emission transport mechanism,which is strongly relying on laser power,bias voltage,and inclination angle of the measurement direction relative to the bedding plane of shale.For OPA test on the slice of oblique cut shale under CL irradiation,the relationship between the product of LIER simulation parameters and the tilting angle can be described by a cubic function and an impulse function with a maximum value at the threshold angle.In addition,the thermal accumulation and transient thermal effects are induced in the shale under a high-energy short laser pulse irradiation,and the simulation results indicate that there is an exponential relationship between the product of parameters in the LIER model and the tilt angle.Thus,for OPA test under CL and PL irradiations,it is recommended to use the product of parameters as an evaluation index for shale anisotropy.Furthermore,to solve the problem of multiple influencing factors entangled in the exponential term of the LIER model,the tangential LIER measurement was performed on the side of cylindrical shale core,where the provided LIER model effectively presented the anisotropy of tight shale plug,especially the effects of bias voltage and laser power on LIER were relatively separated as independent variables.Finally,the LIER at the end of laser drilling is presented well using the optimized model under a focused ns NIR PL irradiation,indicating that LIER is expected to be a real-time means for characterizing shale anisotropy during laser drilling processes.These results show that the present work is fundamental for the precise evaluation and effective development of anisotropic shale reservoirs,and will drive the advances of LIER in the exploration for shale oil and gas.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12450404)。
文摘We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple electronic states while simultaneously tracking their time-dependent electronic,vibrational,and rotational dynamics.As an illustrative example,we consider neutral H_(2)molecules and simulate the laser-induced excitation dynamics of electronic and rotational states in strong laser fields,quantitatively distinguishing the respective contributions of electronic dipole transitions(within the classical-field approximation)and non-resonant Raman processes to the overall molecular dynamics.Furthermore,we precisely evaluate the relative contributions of direct tunneling ionization from the ground state and ionization following electronic excitation in the strong-field ionization of H_(2).The developed methodology shows strong potential for performing high-precision theoretical simulations of electronic-vibrational-rotational state excitations,ionization,and dissociation dynamics in molecules and their ions under intense laser fields.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52475610,52105593)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDQ24E050001)+1 种基金the"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C03007,2024C01173)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00085)。
文摘Extreme environments challenge the structural health monitoring of advanced equipment.In-situ dynamic tracking temperature is of particular value due to its enormous impact on material properties.However,the realization of such integrated temperature sensors typically requires complicated layer-by-layer molding and sintering processes including additional thermal barrier coatings.Herein,we report a laser-induced in-situ conductive passivation strategy for the fabrication of a thin-film based wide-range temperature sensor.The instantaneous thermal effect of laser irradiation creates crystalline conductive traces in response to temperature variations.Synchronously,it also allows the formation of an amorphous antioxidative layer without necessitating extra protective coatings.Such configuration enables precise real-time sensing across-50℃to 950℃following the Steinhart-Hart equation.It also exhibits durable performance with only 1.2%drift over 20 hours during long-term high-temperature,instant thermal shock,frequent wearing,and severe vibration.This in-situ,facile laser manufacturing strategy holds great promise in structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis for advanced equipment working in extreme environments.
