With the increasing traffic demand, the closely built three or more tunnels with large section play a significant role in the tunnel construction. However, the interaction among tunnels has important influences on the...With the increasing traffic demand, the closely built three or more tunnels with large section play a significant role in the tunnel construction. However, the interaction among tunnels has important influences on the security and economy of tunnel engineering, and the calculation of pressure from the surrounding rock during the excavation is one of the problems that need to be solved urgently. Based on the practical engineering of three tunnels, the load model of three tunnels was proposed in consideration of the interaction and excavation sequence between tunnels. In comparison with the load model of single tunnel, the construction mechanical characteristics of the three tunnels were analyzed. The results show that the rock pressure of three tunnels calculated by the current tunnel design code is not reliable, and the interaction force increases with the spacing between tunnels.展开更多
In order to meet the demand of prehardened steel for large section plastic mould and save energy, a nonquenched prehardened （NQP） steel is developed. The temperature field of a large block is researched by finite el...In order to meet the demand of prehardened steel for large section plastic mould and save energy, a nonquenched prehardened （NQP） steel is developed. The temperature field of a large block is researched by finite element method simulation and 9 test steels are designed in the laboratory. Their microstructures and hardness are investigated when they are air cooled and control cooled at cooling rate similar to the simulation. The result shows that the hardness uniformity through section is closely correlated to bainitic hardenability for the NQP steel, and the hardness of one test steel （0.27C-1.95Mn-1.04Cr-0.45Mo-0.1V） fluctuates between HRC 40 and 43 under both cooling conditions. The test steel has better machinability compared with C45 steel, and the NQP steel is produced successfully in the factory based on the laboratory results. Its microstructure is bainite, and it is distributed uniformly through the size of 460 mm×800 mm×3 200 mm.展开更多
The largest movable mold EMS developed by POSCO in collaboration with Daineli-Rotelec for improving internal quality of a large CC bloom is being used at a large size bloom caster of POSCO since 2011.Internal quality ...The largest movable mold EMS developed by POSCO in collaboration with Daineli-Rotelec for improving internal quality of a large CC bloom is being used at a large size bloom caster of POSCO since 2011.Internal quality of carbon steel CC bloom of 700×700 mm~2 section size with the mold EMS was much improved compared with without the mold EMS.Equiaxed zone ratio increased from 50%to 100%and the grain of equiaxed structure became globular and fine.Top shrinkage was also much reduced by applying the movable mold EMS.展开更多
In order to study the stress characteristics of the initial support and secondary lining of the large section tunnel and to solve the problem of secondary lining cracking during operation. Taking the large section tun...In order to study the stress characteristics of the initial support and secondary lining of the large section tunnel and to solve the problem of secondary lining cracking during operation. Taking the large section tunnel in Zihong village, Qi County as the research object, a numerical simulation method was used to establish a finite element model of the large section tunnel. So as to simulate and analyze the stress characteristics of the support structure of this tunnel. Through the simulation of the initial support and second lining of this large section tunnel in terms of displacement, stress, plastic zone damage and anchor shaft force, the results show that as the excavation progresses, the stress and displacement on the surface of the newly excavated tunnel profile is faster, especially at the side walls and arch footings, the stress and displacement values are slightly larger than other characteristic points, but the final values are stable and converge, and are basically consistent with the field monitoring results, which indicates that this support system is basically in stable state. Therefore, during the tunnel excavation and support process, special attention should be paid to the stability of the sidewalls and footings, and the results of this study will be of great practical significance for tunnel construction and maintenance.展开更多
The shallow tunnelling method(STM)often uses temporary supports to divide large section tunnels into several closed or semiclosed sections so as to share the upper load.The complex support system composed of primary a...The shallow tunnelling method(STM)often uses temporary supports to divide large section tunnels into several closed or semiclosed sections so as to share the upper load.The complex support system composed of primary and temporary supports can ensure safety during tunnel construction.Based on the large section tunnel of Beijing Subway Line 12,the mechanical characteristics of support system by the double-side-drift method(DSDM)during excavation and demolition were analyzed through numerical simulation and monitoring.The study showed that the middle cave excavation was the most critical stage of the DSDM,during which the load on the supporting structure increased significantly.The temporary vertical support bore most of the new load during middle cave excavation.During the demolition stage,the load was redistributed,which caused arch settlement and section convergence.The removal of the temporary vertical support exerted the greatest impact in this process.The lateral temporary inverted arch changed from axial compression to axial tension after the middle and lower caves were excavated.Based on the mechanical characteristics of the support system,some engineering suggestions were proposed for large section tunnel construction.These research results can provide reference for the design and construction of similar large section tunnels.展开更多
This paper introduces the current application status and technical level development of large section conductor and heat-resistant conductor transmission technology in China, analyzes the role of the two design scheme...This paper introduces the current application status and technical level development of large section conductor and heat-resistant conductor transmission technology in China, analyzes the role of the two design schemes of large section conductor and heat-resistant conductor in promoting the establishment of power system stability, and analyzes the characteristics of the two transmission technologies combined with the application of the two transmission modes in China's power system advantages and future development space. Due to the shortage of line corridors in some areas of China, in order to meet people's power demand, it is necessary to transform the transmission line, compare the application value, parameter calculation and economic benefits of heat-resistant conductor and large section conductor, so as to contribute to the engineering development of overhead transmission line projects in China.展开更多
The first permanent magnet driven rectangular pipe jacking machine independently developed in China is used for the construction of pedestrian passage in Banxuegang Science and Technology City area of Shenzhen. The re...The first permanent magnet driven rectangular pipe jacking machine independently developed in China is used for the construction of pedestrian passage in Banxuegang Science and Technology City area of Shenzhen. The rectangular pipe jacking machine occupies a small area during the initial excavation. It is suitable for shallow soil covering and short-distance excavation. It is more economical and applicable than shield machine and has high construction efficiency. During the construction process, technical measures such as attitude measurement and adjustment of pipe jacking machine, surrounding rock grouting and friction reduction can effectively ensure the smooth construction of pipe jacking machine, and provide reference for large section pipe jacking machine in shallow soil construction.展开更多
This paper investigates the dynamic recrystallization characteristics of SAE52100 large section bearing steel under hot compression,focusing on both the center and surface.Using data from thermal simulation experiment...This paper investigates the dynamic recrystallization characteristics of SAE52100 large section bearing steel under hot compression,focusing on both the center and surface.Using data from thermal simulation experiments the physical models were developed.Four machine learning algorithms including support vector regression,knearest neighbors,random forest,and extreme gradient boosting were then employed to develop dynamic recrystallization prediction models based on the experimental data and inferred values from the physical model.The results show that the machine learning methods provide a better numerical description of the model,provided these are fed with extensive data.To enhance the scope of application,we obtained data from the dynamic recrystallization models for both the center and surface of SAE52100 steel in the as-cast state,as well as extrapolated values from the literature regarding the hot-rolled condition.When the SHAP method was introduced to reveal the mechanism of the influence of each input feature on the prediction results of the machine learning model,it was found that the test results of the Cr element did not match the theory,mainly because of the small scale of Cr elemental data and the strong dependence on grain size and secondary dendrite spacing.展开更多
With the enlarge of cross section of roadway, the radius of plastic area and broken area increase, and the tensile stress and shear stress distributing in roof coal-rock layers relevantly increase, which induce suppor...With the enlarge of cross section of roadway, the radius of plastic area and broken area increase, and the tensile stress and shear stress distributing in roof coal-rock layers relevantly increase, which induce support effect not obvious for ordinary bolt（cable）. While bounding point and support structure of the truss cable is in vertex angle of roadway, and supplies coal-rock layers in bounding area with the horizontal and vertical pressure, so it settles the support problems in large cross section coal roadway. From the point of view of mechanics, gave emphasis on the invalid mechanics of ordinary bolt （cable） in large cross section coal roadway and supported mechanics of prestress truss cable. The author successfully used this technique in Wuyang Mine, and had the huge economic efficiency and the social benefit.展开更多
Understanding the solidification characteristics and microsegregation under varying cooling rates is essential to comprehend the formation of center cracks in large section round billets.P91 high-alloy steel was taken...Understanding the solidification characteristics and microsegregation under varying cooling rates is essential to comprehend the formation of center cracks in large section round billets.P91 high-alloy steel was taken as the research object.The peritectic solidification process,steel solidification shrinkage and microsegregation of solute elements at different cooling rates were studied and revealed by high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy,Thermo-Calc thermodynamic software,hybrid laser microscopy and electron probe microanalysis.The results showed that as the cooling rate increased from 10 to 100℃/min,the percentage ofδ-Fe involved in peritectic reaction decreased from 98.6%to 36.4%,the surface roughness of the sample decreased from 8.59 to 5.14μm,and the volume shrinkage decreased from 5.92%to 2.18%.Moreover,the solidification path enters the crack sensitivity area at lower cooling rates(10 and 50℃/min),while the solidification path is far from the crack susceptibility area at higher cooling rate(100℃/min).With the increase in cooling rate,the segregation deviation parameters of the elements V,C,Mo and Cr were decreased by 9.52%,22.2%,29.4%and 70.5%,respectively.Solidification path changed and microsegregation weakened by adjusting cooling mode might be a way to improve central crack.展开更多
In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading level...In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading levels of serviceability state.The effects of the depth of normal section beams on the crack spacing and crack width were analyzed,and the modified model is proposed for calculating the average crack spacing by thinking about the depth of normal section,the reinforcement arrangement and the effective reinforcement ratio.The relationships of crack widths at any position in the tensile zone and at the reinforcement level on the side surface of beam were studied.By theoretical and statistical analysis,a method is proposed to calculate the ratios of crack widths between any position and the reinforcement level on the side surface of large depth reinforced concrete beams.展开更多
This paper introduces the results of a semi-industrial UCG trial carried out at Xuzhou Xinghe No. 2 mine. A new underground gasifier, long tunnel. large section underground gasifier, is designed. It is an important wa...This paper introduces the results of a semi-industrial UCG trial carried out at Xuzhou Xinghe No. 2 mine. A new underground gasifier, long tunnel. large section underground gasifier, is designed. It is an important way to make LCG cornmercialization because the new gasifier can steadily produce gas with higher heat value by changing the flow state of air and gas in the tunnel.展开更多
Background The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing worldwide,and it currently ranks third among all cancers.Moreover,pathological diagnosis is becoming increasingly arduous.Artificial intelligence has demon-s...Background The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing worldwide,and it currently ranks third among all cancers.Moreover,pathological diagnosis is becoming increasingly arduous.Artificial intelligence has demon-strated the ability to fully excavate image features and assist doctors in making decisions.Large panoramic patho-logical sections contain considerable amounts of pathological information.In this study,we used large panoramic pathological sections to establish a deep learning model to assist pathologists in identifying cancerous areas on whole-slide images of rectal cancer,as well as for T staging and prognostic analysis.Methods We collected 126 cases of primary rectal cancer from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University West Coast Hospital District(internal dataset)and 42 cases from Shinan and Laoshan Hospital District(external dataset)that had tissue surgically removed from January to September 2019.After sectioning,staining,and scanning,a total of 2350 hematoxylin-eosin-stained whole-slide images were obtained.The patients in the internal dataset were randomly divided into a training cohort(n=88)and a test cohort(n=38)at a ratio of 7:3.We chose DeepLabV3+and ResNet50 as target models for our experiment.We used the Dice similarity coefficient,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the curve(AUC)to evaluate the performance of the artificial intelligence platform in the test set and validation set.Finally,we followed up patients and examined their prognosis and short-term survival to corroborate the value of T-staging investigations.Results In the test set,the accuracy of image segmentation was 95.8%,the Dice coefficient was 0.92,the accuracy of automatic T-staging recognition was 86%,and the ROC AUC value was 0.93.In the validation set,the accuracy of image segmentation was 95.3%,the Dice coefficient was 0.90,the accuracy of automatic classification was 85%,the ROC AUC value was 0.92,and the image analysis time was 0.2 s.There was a difference in survival in patients with local recurrence or distant metastasis as the outcome at follow-up.Univariate analysis showed that T stage,N stage,preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level,and tumor location were risk factors for postoperative recurrence or metastasis in patients with rectal cancer.When these factors were included in a multivariate analysis,only preoperative CEA level and N stage showed significant differences.Conclusion The deep convolutional neural networks we have establish can assist clinicians in making decisions of T-stage judgment and improve diagnostic efficiency.Using large panoramic pathological sections enables better judgment of the condition of tumors and accurate pathological diagnoses,which has certain clinical application value.展开更多
基金Project(2011CB01380) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51178468) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011G013-B) supported by Science and Technology Development of Railways Department in China
文摘With the increasing traffic demand, the closely built three or more tunnels with large section play a significant role in the tunnel construction. However, the interaction among tunnels has important influences on the security and economy of tunnel engineering, and the calculation of pressure from the surrounding rock during the excavation is one of the problems that need to be solved urgently. Based on the practical engineering of three tunnels, the load model of three tunnels was proposed in consideration of the interaction and excavation sequence between tunnels. In comparison with the load model of single tunnel, the construction mechanical characteristics of the three tunnels were analyzed. The results show that the rock pressure of three tunnels calculated by the current tunnel design code is not reliable, and the interaction force increases with the spacing between tunnels.
基金Item Sponsored by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (T0101)
文摘In order to meet the demand of prehardened steel for large section plastic mould and save energy, a nonquenched prehardened （NQP） steel is developed. The temperature field of a large block is researched by finite element method simulation and 9 test steels are designed in the laboratory. Their microstructures and hardness are investigated when they are air cooled and control cooled at cooling rate similar to the simulation. The result shows that the hardness uniformity through section is closely correlated to bainitic hardenability for the NQP steel, and the hardness of one test steel （0.27C-1.95Mn-1.04Cr-0.45Mo-0.1V） fluctuates between HRC 40 and 43 under both cooling conditions. The test steel has better machinability compared with C45 steel, and the NQP steel is produced successfully in the factory based on the laboratory results. Its microstructure is bainite, and it is distributed uniformly through the size of 460 mm×800 mm×3 200 mm.
文摘The largest movable mold EMS developed by POSCO in collaboration with Daineli-Rotelec for improving internal quality of a large CC bloom is being used at a large size bloom caster of POSCO since 2011.Internal quality of carbon steel CC bloom of 700×700 mm~2 section size with the mold EMS was much improved compared with without the mold EMS.Equiaxed zone ratio increased from 50%to 100%and the grain of equiaxed structure became globular and fine.Top shrinkage was also much reduced by applying the movable mold EMS.
文摘In order to study the stress characteristics of the initial support and secondary lining of the large section tunnel and to solve the problem of secondary lining cracking during operation. Taking the large section tunnel in Zihong village, Qi County as the research object, a numerical simulation method was used to establish a finite element model of the large section tunnel. So as to simulate and analyze the stress characteristics of the support structure of this tunnel. Through the simulation of the initial support and second lining of this large section tunnel in terms of displacement, stress, plastic zone damage and anchor shaft force, the results show that as the excavation progresses, the stress and displacement on the surface of the newly excavated tunnel profile is faster, especially at the side walls and arch footings, the stress and displacement values are slightly larger than other characteristic points, but the final values are stable and converge, and are basically consistent with the field monitoring results, which indicates that this support system is basically in stable state. Therefore, during the tunnel excavation and support process, special attention should be paid to the stability of the sidewalls and footings, and the results of this study will be of great practical significance for tunnel construction and maintenance.
基金Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project(CN),Grant/Award Number:Z201100008120013Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2022YQLJ01Major Achievements Transformation and Industrialization Projects of Central Universities in Beijing,Grant/Award Number:ZDZH20141141301。
文摘The shallow tunnelling method(STM)often uses temporary supports to divide large section tunnels into several closed or semiclosed sections so as to share the upper load.The complex support system composed of primary and temporary supports can ensure safety during tunnel construction.Based on the large section tunnel of Beijing Subway Line 12,the mechanical characteristics of support system by the double-side-drift method(DSDM)during excavation and demolition were analyzed through numerical simulation and monitoring.The study showed that the middle cave excavation was the most critical stage of the DSDM,during which the load on the supporting structure increased significantly.The temporary vertical support bore most of the new load during middle cave excavation.During the demolition stage,the load was redistributed,which caused arch settlement and section convergence.The removal of the temporary vertical support exerted the greatest impact in this process.The lateral temporary inverted arch changed from axial compression to axial tension after the middle and lower caves were excavated.Based on the mechanical characteristics of the support system,some engineering suggestions were proposed for large section tunnel construction.These research results can provide reference for the design and construction of similar large section tunnels.
文摘This paper introduces the current application status and technical level development of large section conductor and heat-resistant conductor transmission technology in China, analyzes the role of the two design schemes of large section conductor and heat-resistant conductor in promoting the establishment of power system stability, and analyzes the characteristics of the two transmission technologies combined with the application of the two transmission modes in China's power system advantages and future development space. Due to the shortage of line corridors in some areas of China, in order to meet people's power demand, it is necessary to transform the transmission line, compare the application value, parameter calculation and economic benefits of heat-resistant conductor and large section conductor, so as to contribute to the engineering development of overhead transmission line projects in China.
文摘The first permanent magnet driven rectangular pipe jacking machine independently developed in China is used for the construction of pedestrian passage in Banxuegang Science and Technology City area of Shenzhen. The rectangular pipe jacking machine occupies a small area during the initial excavation. It is suitable for shallow soil covering and short-distance excavation. It is more economical and applicable than shield machine and has high construction efficiency. During the construction process, technical measures such as attitude measurement and adjustment of pipe jacking machine, surrounding rock grouting and friction reduction can effectively ensure the smooth construction of pipe jacking machine, and provide reference for large section pipe jacking machine in shallow soil construction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3710103)Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Provincial Administration for Market Regulation(Grant No.KJ2024004).
文摘This paper investigates the dynamic recrystallization characteristics of SAE52100 large section bearing steel under hot compression,focusing on both the center and surface.Using data from thermal simulation experiments the physical models were developed.Four machine learning algorithms including support vector regression,knearest neighbors,random forest,and extreme gradient boosting were then employed to develop dynamic recrystallization prediction models based on the experimental data and inferred values from the physical model.The results show that the machine learning methods provide a better numerical description of the model,provided these are fed with extensive data.To enhance the scope of application,we obtained data from the dynamic recrystallization models for both the center and surface of SAE52100 steel in the as-cast state,as well as extrapolated values from the literature regarding the hot-rolled condition.When the SHAP method was introduced to reveal the mechanism of the influence of each input feature on the prediction results of the machine learning model,it was found that the test results of the Cr element did not match the theory,mainly because of the small scale of Cr elemental data and the strong dependence on grain size and secondary dendrite spacing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （50074030） and Dr. Special fund of the Ministry of Education （20030290017）
文摘With the enlarge of cross section of roadway, the radius of plastic area and broken area increase, and the tensile stress and shear stress distributing in roof coal-rock layers relevantly increase, which induce support effect not obvious for ordinary bolt（cable）. While bounding point and support structure of the truss cable is in vertex angle of roadway, and supplies coal-rock layers in bounding area with the horizontal and vertical pressure, so it settles the support problems in large cross section coal roadway. From the point of view of mechanics, gave emphasis on the invalid mechanics of ordinary bolt （cable） in large cross section coal roadway and supported mechanics of prestress truss cable. The author successfully used this technique in Wuyang Mine, and had the huge economic efficiency and the social benefit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074207 and No.52304358)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2023-JC-QN-0376)Shaanxi Province Innovation Ability Support Plan(No.2023-CX-TD-53).
文摘Understanding the solidification characteristics and microsegregation under varying cooling rates is essential to comprehend the formation of center cracks in large section round billets.P91 high-alloy steel was taken as the research object.The peritectic solidification process,steel solidification shrinkage and microsegregation of solute elements at different cooling rates were studied and revealed by high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy,Thermo-Calc thermodynamic software,hybrid laser microscopy and electron probe microanalysis.The results showed that as the cooling rate increased from 10 to 100℃/min,the percentage ofδ-Fe involved in peritectic reaction decreased from 98.6%to 36.4%,the surface roughness of the sample decreased from 8.59 to 5.14μm,and the volume shrinkage decreased from 5.92%to 2.18%.Moreover,the solidification path enters the crack sensitivity area at lower cooling rates(10 and 50℃/min),while the solidification path is far from the crack susceptibility area at higher cooling rate(100℃/min).With the increase in cooling rate,the segregation deviation parameters of the elements V,C,Mo and Cr were decreased by 9.52%,22.2%,29.4%and 70.5%,respectively.Solidification path changed and microsegregation weakened by adjusting cooling mode might be a way to improve central crack.
基金Sponsored by the Outstanding Youth Scientific Fund of Henan Province(Grant No.04120002300)Program for Innovation in University of Henan Province(Grant No.[2004]294)
文摘In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading levels of serviceability state.The effects of the depth of normal section beams on the crack spacing and crack width were analyzed,and the modified model is proposed for calculating the average crack spacing by thinking about the depth of normal section,the reinforcement arrangement and the effective reinforcement ratio.The relationships of crack widths at any position in the tensile zone and at the reinforcement level on the side surface of beam were studied.By theoretical and statistical analysis,a method is proposed to calculate the ratios of crack widths between any position and the reinforcement level on the side surface of large depth reinforced concrete beams.
文摘This paper introduces the results of a semi-industrial UCG trial carried out at Xuzhou Xinghe No. 2 mine. A new underground gasifier, long tunnel. large section underground gasifier, is designed. It is an important way to make LCG cornmercialization because the new gasifier can steadily produce gas with higher heat value by changing the flow state of air and gas in the tunnel.
文摘Background The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing worldwide,and it currently ranks third among all cancers.Moreover,pathological diagnosis is becoming increasingly arduous.Artificial intelligence has demon-strated the ability to fully excavate image features and assist doctors in making decisions.Large panoramic patho-logical sections contain considerable amounts of pathological information.In this study,we used large panoramic pathological sections to establish a deep learning model to assist pathologists in identifying cancerous areas on whole-slide images of rectal cancer,as well as for T staging and prognostic analysis.Methods We collected 126 cases of primary rectal cancer from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University West Coast Hospital District(internal dataset)and 42 cases from Shinan and Laoshan Hospital District(external dataset)that had tissue surgically removed from January to September 2019.After sectioning,staining,and scanning,a total of 2350 hematoxylin-eosin-stained whole-slide images were obtained.The patients in the internal dataset were randomly divided into a training cohort(n=88)and a test cohort(n=38)at a ratio of 7:3.We chose DeepLabV3+and ResNet50 as target models for our experiment.We used the Dice similarity coefficient,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the curve(AUC)to evaluate the performance of the artificial intelligence platform in the test set and validation set.Finally,we followed up patients and examined their prognosis and short-term survival to corroborate the value of T-staging investigations.Results In the test set,the accuracy of image segmentation was 95.8%,the Dice coefficient was 0.92,the accuracy of automatic T-staging recognition was 86%,and the ROC AUC value was 0.93.In the validation set,the accuracy of image segmentation was 95.3%,the Dice coefficient was 0.90,the accuracy of automatic classification was 85%,the ROC AUC value was 0.92,and the image analysis time was 0.2 s.There was a difference in survival in patients with local recurrence or distant metastasis as the outcome at follow-up.Univariate analysis showed that T stage,N stage,preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level,and tumor location were risk factors for postoperative recurrence or metastasis in patients with rectal cancer.When these factors were included in a multivariate analysis,only preoperative CEA level and N stage showed significant differences.Conclusion The deep convolutional neural networks we have establish can assist clinicians in making decisions of T-stage judgment and improve diagnostic efficiency.Using large panoramic pathological sections enables better judgment of the condition of tumors and accurate pathological diagnoses,which has certain clinical application value.
