Background Regulating the regional deposition of fat is crucial for improving the carcass characteristics of pigs.The intestine,as an important organ for lipid absorption and homeostasis maintenance,secretes various b...Background Regulating the regional deposition of fat is crucial for improving the carcass characteristics of pigs.The intestine,as an important organ for lipid absorption and homeostasis maintenance,secretes various biological signals that participate in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue.Extracellular vesicles,as novel extracellular genetic factors that mediate metabolic signal exchange among multiple tissues,have emerged as a hotspot and breakthrough in revealing the mechanisms of physiological homeostasis.However,how extracellular vesicles regulate the intestinal-adipose signaling axis,especially in relation lipid metabolism and deposition is still unclear.Thus,in the current study,intestinal extracellular vesicles from Chinese fat-type piglets of Lantang and typical leantype piglets of Landrace were isolated and identified,and to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism via intestinal extracellular vesicles in mediating intestinal-adipose crosstalk.Results We isolated and identified intestinal extracellular vesicles from the jejunum of 3-day-old Lantang and Landrace piglets(LT-EVs and LD-EVs)and further investigated their effects on lipid accumulation in porcine primary adipocytes.Compared to LD-EVs,LT-EVs promoted lipid deposition in porcine primary adipocytes,with intestinal-derived miRNAs playing a critical role in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue.Further analysis of extracellular vesicles-derived miRNA sequencing revealed that miR-30b-5p,enriched in LD-EVs,is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism.Notably,the enrichment of miR-30b-5p in extracellular vesicles derived from IPEC-J2 cells also influenced lipid metabolism.Mechanistically,the targeted binding of miR-30b-5p and FMO3 may be critical for the extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism.Conclusions Our findings suggest that jejunal-derived extracellular vesicles play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism,and the regulatory effect of extracellular vesicles from obese piglets was higher than that of lean piglets.Furthermore,the different expression of miRNAs,such as miR-30b-5p,in intestinal extracellular vesicles may be the key to determining lipid deposition phenotypes across the two pig breeds.展开更多
The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector（CIDE）family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less ...The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector（CIDE）family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less information on these genes’expression in pigs.Here,we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean（Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts,DLY）and obese（Lantang）pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism.Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue,and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle,whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig.Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mR NA abundance,and hepatic and muscle Cideb mR NA than DLY pigs.Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c（SREBP-1c）,hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α（HNF-4α）,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α（PGC-1α）,fatty acid synthase（FASN）,diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1（DGAT1）,and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs.Lantang pigs exhibited higher mR NA abundance for liver SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,and PGC-1α,and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,PGC-1α,and DGAT2 expression,as compared with DLY pigs.However,the perlipin2 mR NA levels in adipose tissues,liver,and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts.Furthermore,plasma non-esterified fatty acid（NEFA）,glucose,and triacylglycerol（TAG）levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs.Finally,data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mR NA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness（BFT）,abdominal fat mass（AFM）,and the levels of NEFA,TAG,and glucose in the two breeds.Collectively,these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition and obesity in Lantang pigs.展开更多
The variation of the δ18O in precipitation and the relationship with precipitation amount at Kyangjin Base House and Yala Glacier Camp in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalayas were analyzed. The variations of the δ18O wi...The variation of the δ18O in precipitation and the relationship with precipitation amount at Kyangjin Base House and Yala Glacier Camp in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalayas were analyzed. The variations of the δ18O with precipitation had great scatter, and the correlations between the δ18O and precipitation changed with time on the synoptic scale. On the seasonal scale, there was marked amount effect at Kyangjin Base House. However, the δ18O-precipitation gradient was smaller than that on the synoptic scale. Because of the maintenance of the basic equilibrium between stable isotopic compositions in atmospheric vapor and precipitation, the evaporation enrichment was light during the rainy season. Therefore, the variation of stable isotopic compositions in precipitation was independent on the sampling intervals. Simulations show that the rainfall in Langtang Valley was not the outcome of the initial condensation of ocean vapor that originated from low latitudes. The stable isotopic compositions in precipitation were greatly depleted due to the strong rainout of the vapor from oceans as the vapor was raised over the Himalayas.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Guangdong Provincial Nature Science Foundation(2023A151502511)Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072814).
文摘Background Regulating the regional deposition of fat is crucial for improving the carcass characteristics of pigs.The intestine,as an important organ for lipid absorption and homeostasis maintenance,secretes various biological signals that participate in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue.Extracellular vesicles,as novel extracellular genetic factors that mediate metabolic signal exchange among multiple tissues,have emerged as a hotspot and breakthrough in revealing the mechanisms of physiological homeostasis.However,how extracellular vesicles regulate the intestinal-adipose signaling axis,especially in relation lipid metabolism and deposition is still unclear.Thus,in the current study,intestinal extracellular vesicles from Chinese fat-type piglets of Lantang and typical leantype piglets of Landrace were isolated and identified,and to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism via intestinal extracellular vesicles in mediating intestinal-adipose crosstalk.Results We isolated and identified intestinal extracellular vesicles from the jejunum of 3-day-old Lantang and Landrace piglets(LT-EVs and LD-EVs)and further investigated their effects on lipid accumulation in porcine primary adipocytes.Compared to LD-EVs,LT-EVs promoted lipid deposition in porcine primary adipocytes,with intestinal-derived miRNAs playing a critical role in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue.Further analysis of extracellular vesicles-derived miRNA sequencing revealed that miR-30b-5p,enriched in LD-EVs,is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism.Notably,the enrichment of miR-30b-5p in extracellular vesicles derived from IPEC-J2 cells also influenced lipid metabolism.Mechanistically,the targeted binding of miR-30b-5p and FMO3 may be critical for the extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism.Conclusions Our findings suggest that jejunal-derived extracellular vesicles play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism,and the regulatory effect of extracellular vesicles from obese piglets was higher than that of lean piglets.Furthermore,the different expression of miRNAs,such as miR-30b-5p,in intestinal extracellular vesicles may be the key to determining lipid deposition phenotypes across the two pig breeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31402086)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(Nos.2013CB127301 and 2013CB127304)the Guangdong International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(No.2014A050503049)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(No.2016A020210041),China
文摘The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector（CIDE）family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less information on these genes’expression in pigs.Here,we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean（Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts,DLY）and obese（Lantang）pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism.Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue,and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle,whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig.Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mR NA abundance,and hepatic and muscle Cideb mR NA than DLY pigs.Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c（SREBP-1c）,hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α（HNF-4α）,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α（PGC-1α）,fatty acid synthase（FASN）,diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1（DGAT1）,and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs.Lantang pigs exhibited higher mR NA abundance for liver SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,and PGC-1α,and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,PGC-1α,and DGAT2 expression,as compared with DLY pigs.However,the perlipin2 mR NA levels in adipose tissues,liver,and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts.Furthermore,plasma non-esterified fatty acid（NEFA）,glucose,and triacylglycerol（TAG）levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs.Finally,data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mR NA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness（BFT）,abdominal fat mass（AFM）,and the levels of NEFA,TAG,and glucose in the two breeds.Collectively,these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition and obesity in Lantang pigs.
基金the National Key Research Project (G1998040802), the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program (XZ-301), LICCRE Program (BX2001-3) and the CAREERI foundation (TZ2000-02).
文摘The variation of the δ18O in precipitation and the relationship with precipitation amount at Kyangjin Base House and Yala Glacier Camp in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalayas were analyzed. The variations of the δ18O with precipitation had great scatter, and the correlations between the δ18O and precipitation changed with time on the synoptic scale. On the seasonal scale, there was marked amount effect at Kyangjin Base House. However, the δ18O-precipitation gradient was smaller than that on the synoptic scale. Because of the maintenance of the basic equilibrium between stable isotopic compositions in atmospheric vapor and precipitation, the evaporation enrichment was light during the rainy season. Therefore, the variation of stable isotopic compositions in precipitation was independent on the sampling intervals. Simulations show that the rainfall in Langtang Valley was not the outcome of the initial condensation of ocean vapor that originated from low latitudes. The stable isotopic compositions in precipitation were greatly depleted due to the strong rainout of the vapor from oceans as the vapor was raised over the Himalayas.
