Animals have to process quantity of information in order to take decisions and adapt their behaviors to their physical and social environment. They have to remember previous events (learning), to cope with their inter...Animals have to process quantity of information in order to take decisions and adapt their behaviors to their physical and social environment. They have to remember previous events (learning), to cope with their internal (motivational and emotional) states and to display flexible behavioral responses. From a human point of view it is quite impossible to access all those information, not only because of the sensorial channels used that can vary but also because all the processing phase occurs in the “black box” and non-human animals are not able to express verbally what they think, feel or want. Though useful information might lie in the “collected data” (animal mind), extracting them into insightful knowledge with human-accessible form (clear meaning, no interpretation) presents a demanding and sophisticated undertaking. Several scientists decided to trained different individuals from several species (apes, dolphins, grey parrots, dogs) in order to teach them a new communicative system that they could share with us. Here, the different studies (techniques and species used) are presented, their constrains but also the main findings.展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zonoseso》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zonoseso》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点...《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。展开更多
A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
Xenotransplantation, that is, the transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs between species, is a rapidly developing alternative to classical transplantology in human medicine. Since the first successful kidney tr...Xenotransplantation, that is, the transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs between species, is a rapidly developing alternative to classical transplantology in human medicine. Since the first successful kidney transplant in 1954, transplant medicine has made enormous progress. Until today, there are numerous patients worldwide waiting for an organ to be transplanted, and the number is still increasing, whereas the number of available organs is decreasing. One promising solution to this critical issue is the breeding of genetically modified animals as potential donors, which has gained the attention of scientists over the past two decades. Recent advancements in xenotransplantation have led to successful transfers of genetically modified pig organs into human recipients. Particularly, pig kidneys have been transplanted into living humans, demonstrating normal postsurgical function. Additionally, pig lungs functioned for 9 days in a brain-dead individual without experiencing hyperacute rejection. Furthermore, the successful xenotransplantation of pig hearts into living persons, exhibiting life-sustaining graft function, underscores significant progress toward clinically viable xenotransplants. This review provides an updated overview of the animal species and models used in xenotransplantation, with particular emphasis on the potential of transgenic pigs as donors. It discusses the process involved in producing the aforementioned animals, including the methods used to modify their genome. Particular attention is paid to immunological and genetic barriers, as well as zoonotic risks, and the possibilities and limitations of this technology. Although xenotransplantation is still in its experimental stage, it may play a crucial role in saving patients ' lives in the future.展开更多
Carnitine(CAR) is a vital quaternary ammonium compound. However, the characteristics of CAR content and its influencing factors across different marine animal species remain poorly understood. This study examined the ...Carnitine(CAR) is a vital quaternary ammonium compound. However, the characteristics of CAR content and its influencing factors across different marine animal species remain poorly understood. This study examined the CAR content in 258 marine animals, representing 54 species across seven classes, collected from coastal and offshore regions of China and the Northwest Pacific Ocean(NWPO) between May 2020 and June 2022. The CAR content ranged from0.01 mmol/kg to 1.33 mmol/kg, with a mean value of(0.15 ± 0.18) mmol/kg(mean ± standard deviation). The highest CAR content was observed in Crustacea [(0.48 ± 0.38) mmol/kg], which was four times greater than the average CAR content in the other classes [(0.12 ± 0.11) mmol/kg]. Overall, the CAR content exhibited minor variation among marine animals, potentially because the carnitine pool maintains its dynamic balance. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the CAR content and environmental factors in some species: a negative correlation with seawater temperature and positive correlations with latitude, seawater salinity, and depth. These results suggest that the CAR content in marine animals is influenced by environmental changes. This study provides theoretical insights for understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of CAR content in marine animals.展开更多
Studying the interactions and relationships between humans and animals is known as ethnozoology.Indigenous medicine that is used to prevent,diagnose,and cure physical and mental disorders is known as traditional medic...Studying the interactions and relationships between humans and animals is known as ethnozoology.Indigenous medicine that is used to prevent,diagnose,and cure physical and mental disorders is known as traditional medicine.The understanding of how various animal materials are used in conventional medicine by different ethnic communities is undocumented and largely passed through oral communication from generation to generation.Traditional medicine is the primary source of healthcare for many ethnic tribes in Ethiopia.Approximately 80%of Ethiopians rely on traditional medicine to cure a variety of human conditions.However,because they are passed down orally from generation to generation,this indigenous medical practice is being disregarded and is still disappearing as a result of inadequate documentation.Ethiopia is a land of diversity,with a wide variety of fauna and ethnic groups,each of whom uses and manipulates medicinal animals in a unique way to treat a range of human illnesses.The main participants in the curative component of traditional medicine practice are traditional healers,who go by various names in different regions of the nation.In Ethiopia,though indigenous societies medicinally used animal species for millennia,they have given little attention to their conservation.Therefore,documentation of traditional medicinal animals and indigenous healing practices of Ethiopian cultures are very important to preserve the country’s resources.展开更多
Background:Baitouweng decoction is a classic prescription for treating chronic dysentery and mainly used to treat heat-toxic dysentery and is widely used in damp-heat ulcerative colitis(UC)in China.Methods:Meta-analys...Background:Baitouweng decoction is a classic prescription for treating chronic dysentery and mainly used to treat heat-toxic dysentery and is widely used in damp-heat ulcerative colitis(UC)in China.Methods:Meta-analysis and network pharmacology were used to examine the pharmacological properties of Baitouweng decoction in the treatment of UC.Additionally,the potential mechanisms of action were investigated.In the meta-analysis,studies were searched from databases up to March 2024.Data from the included studies were extracted.The results were quantified by calculating the standardized mean difference(SMD).Additionally,95%confidence intervals(CI)were used to assess the precision of the estimates.Results:It was found that 201 components of Baitouweng decoction,including Pulsatillae Radix(Baitouweng),Coptidis Rhizoma(Huanglian),Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(Huangbo),Fraxini Cortex(Qinpi),and 106 intersecting targets of UC,were obtained from INPUT.PPI and enrichment analyses showed Baitouweng decoction might regulate inflammatory response to improve UC injury.Seventeen included studies were published between 2004 and 2024.The meta-analysis results suggested that Baitouweng decoction may help increase body weight,decrease DAI and CMDI,reduce colon length shortening associated with UC,lower the spleen index,and alleviate tissue damage in colitis.In addition,Baitouweng decoction could inhibit inflammatory response and repair intestinal barrier in UC model.The protective mechanism of Baitouweng decoction was consistent with the predicted targets of network pharmacology,which suggested the results were accurate.Conclusion:Baitouweng decoction could improve UC injury by regulating the inflammatory response,cell apoptosis,and body metabolism through the integration of network pharmacology and meta-analysis.Its protective mechanisms are related to anti-inflammation,regulation of intestinal flora,brain-gut peptides,and protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier,along with modulation of body metabolism,including SCFA,bile acids,and tryptophan metabolism.展开更多
Traditional medicinal animals and their derivatives hold a significant place within the traditional Chinese medicine framework.However,substantial knowledge about medicinal animals is being lost–particularly within C...Traditional medicinal animals and their derivatives hold a significant place within the traditional Chinese medicine framework.However,substantial knowledge about medicinal animals is being lost–particularly within China’s folk practices and ethnic minority groups–remains unrecorded and unverified scientifically.Such knowledge,primarily preserved through oral instruction,is now at risk of disappearing due to its fragmented and regionalized nature.This paper underscores the importance of documenting and scientifically validating these medicinal animals as valuable resources.We advocate for a comprehensive,systematic approach to recording,screening,and verifying the pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal animals.It can contribute to the modernization and globalization of traditional Chinese medicine.In the future,interdisciplinary and international collaborations are essential to advance the systematic documentation and scientific management of medicinal animal knowledge,to ensure its preservation and application in global healthcare,sustainable health practices,and biodiversity conservation efforts.展开更多
Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this tec...Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.展开更多
In November 2024,the famous British zoologist Jane Goodall,known as“the Mother of Chimpanzees”,visited China for the 17th time.During her trip,she celebrated the 30th anniversary of her“Roots&Shoots”project in...In November 2024,the famous British zoologist Jane Goodall,known as“the Mother of Chimpanzees”,visited China for the 17th time.During her trip,she celebrated the 30th anniversary of her“Roots&Shoots”project in China and participated in the 8th“It's Warm Winter”event organized by the Beijing It's Animal Protection Public Welfare Foundation(It's Fund).展开更多
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fluctuating skeletal muscle fatigability. The majority of myasthenia gravis patients have detectable antibodies in ...Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fluctuating skeletal muscle fatigability. The majority of myasthenia gravis patients have detectable antibodies in their serum, targeting acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase, or related proteins. Current treatment for myasthenia gravis involves symptomatic therapy, immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil, and thymectomy, which is primarily indicated in patients with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. However, this condition continues to pose significant challenges including an unpredictable and variable disease progression, differing response to individual therapies, and substantial longterm side effects associated with standard treatments(including an increased risk of infections, osteoporosis, and diabetes), underscoring the necessity for a more personalized approach to treatment. Furthermore, about fifteen percent of patients, called “refractory myasthenia gravis patients”, do not respond adequately to standard therapies. In this context, the introduction of molecular therapies has marked a significant advance in myasthenia gravis management. Advances in understanding myasthenia gravis pathogenesis, especially the role of pathogenic antibodies, have driven the development of these biological drugs, which offer more selective, rapid, and safer alternatives to traditional immunosuppressants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting specific immune pathways in myasthenia gravis, with a particular focus on preclinical evidence, therapeutic rationale, and clinical translation of B-cell depletion therapies, neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors, and complement inhibitors.展开更多
文摘Animals have to process quantity of information in order to take decisions and adapt their behaviors to their physical and social environment. They have to remember previous events (learning), to cope with their internal (motivational and emotional) states and to display flexible behavioral responses. From a human point of view it is quite impossible to access all those information, not only because of the sensorial channels used that can vary but also because all the processing phase occurs in the “black box” and non-human animals are not able to express verbally what they think, feel or want. Though useful information might lie in the “collected data” (animal mind), extracting them into insightful knowledge with human-accessible form (clear meaning, no interpretation) presents a demanding and sophisticated undertaking. Several scientists decided to trained different individuals from several species (apes, dolphins, grey parrots, dogs) in order to teach them a new communicative system that they could share with us. Here, the different studies (techniques and species used) are presented, their constrains but also the main findings.
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zonoseso》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。目前学报已组建了包括6位院士在内的由100多位全球著名专家学者组成的高水平编委团队以及近200人的青年编委会,每期均约有一篇由相关领域院士撰写的高水平的学术论文,同时学报通过新媒体、国际著名出版集团爱思唯尔和专家学者等进行精准推广宣传和约稿,目标是利用5~8年的时间进入中科院SCI分区一区顶刊,逐步跨入世界一流学术期刊行列。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘《Animals and Zoonoses》是一本国际同行评审的、由爱思唯尔提供完全开放存取出版的专业性英文学术期刊(ISSN 2950-2489),由吉林大学主办,现为季刊,主编为我国著名的人兽共患病学专家中国工程院院士金宁一研究员。学报现已具备高起点新刊的创办条件,将于2024年正式线上线下出版,国内外公开发行。
文摘A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
基金IDUB Mobility Grant of the Nicolaus Copernicus University。
文摘Xenotransplantation, that is, the transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs between species, is a rapidly developing alternative to classical transplantology in human medicine. Since the first successful kidney transplant in 1954, transplant medicine has made enormous progress. Until today, there are numerous patients worldwide waiting for an organ to be transplanted, and the number is still increasing, whereas the number of available organs is decreasing. One promising solution to this critical issue is the breeding of genetically modified animals as potential donors, which has gained the attention of scientists over the past two decades. Recent advancements in xenotransplantation have led to successful transfers of genetically modified pig organs into human recipients. Particularly, pig kidneys have been transplanted into living humans, demonstrating normal postsurgical function. Additionally, pig lungs functioned for 9 days in a brain-dead individual without experiencing hyperacute rejection. Furthermore, the successful xenotransplantation of pig hearts into living persons, exhibiting life-sustaining graft function, underscores significant progress toward clinically viable xenotransplants. This review provides an updated overview of the animal species and models used in xenotransplantation, with particular emphasis on the potential of transgenic pigs as donors. It discusses the process involved in producing the aforementioned animals, including the methods used to modify their genome. Particular attention is paid to immunological and genetic barriers, as well as zoonotic risks, and the possibilities and limitations of this technology. Although xenotransplantation is still in its experimental stage, it may play a crucial role in saving patients ' lives in the future.
基金The Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.ZR2022MD055Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41606097Central Public interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of CAFS under contract No. 2023TD53。
文摘Carnitine(CAR) is a vital quaternary ammonium compound. However, the characteristics of CAR content and its influencing factors across different marine animal species remain poorly understood. This study examined the CAR content in 258 marine animals, representing 54 species across seven classes, collected from coastal and offshore regions of China and the Northwest Pacific Ocean(NWPO) between May 2020 and June 2022. The CAR content ranged from0.01 mmol/kg to 1.33 mmol/kg, with a mean value of(0.15 ± 0.18) mmol/kg(mean ± standard deviation). The highest CAR content was observed in Crustacea [(0.48 ± 0.38) mmol/kg], which was four times greater than the average CAR content in the other classes [(0.12 ± 0.11) mmol/kg]. Overall, the CAR content exhibited minor variation among marine animals, potentially because the carnitine pool maintains its dynamic balance. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the CAR content and environmental factors in some species: a negative correlation with seawater temperature and positive correlations with latitude, seawater salinity, and depth. These results suggest that the CAR content in marine animals is influenced by environmental changes. This study provides theoretical insights for understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of CAR content in marine animals.
文摘Studying the interactions and relationships between humans and animals is known as ethnozoology.Indigenous medicine that is used to prevent,diagnose,and cure physical and mental disorders is known as traditional medicine.The understanding of how various animal materials are used in conventional medicine by different ethnic communities is undocumented and largely passed through oral communication from generation to generation.Traditional medicine is the primary source of healthcare for many ethnic tribes in Ethiopia.Approximately 80%of Ethiopians rely on traditional medicine to cure a variety of human conditions.However,because they are passed down orally from generation to generation,this indigenous medical practice is being disregarded and is still disappearing as a result of inadequate documentation.Ethiopia is a land of diversity,with a wide variety of fauna and ethnic groups,each of whom uses and manipulates medicinal animals in a unique way to treat a range of human illnesses.The main participants in the curative component of traditional medicine practice are traditional healers,who go by various names in different regions of the nation.In Ethiopia,though indigenous societies medicinally used animal species for millennia,they have given little attention to their conservation.Therefore,documentation of traditional medicinal animals and indigenous healing practices of Ethiopian cultures are very important to preserve the country’s resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82405237,82373835,82173781)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515110768,2019A1515010806)+3 种基金Foshan Science and Technology Bureau’s self funded project(No.2320001007283)Key Field Projects(Intelligent Manufacturing)of General Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2020ZDZX2057)the Scientific Research Projects(Characteristic Innovation)of General Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2019KTSCX195)Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Foundation(No.A2022061).
文摘Background:Baitouweng decoction is a classic prescription for treating chronic dysentery and mainly used to treat heat-toxic dysentery and is widely used in damp-heat ulcerative colitis(UC)in China.Methods:Meta-analysis and network pharmacology were used to examine the pharmacological properties of Baitouweng decoction in the treatment of UC.Additionally,the potential mechanisms of action were investigated.In the meta-analysis,studies were searched from databases up to March 2024.Data from the included studies were extracted.The results were quantified by calculating the standardized mean difference(SMD).Additionally,95%confidence intervals(CI)were used to assess the precision of the estimates.Results:It was found that 201 components of Baitouweng decoction,including Pulsatillae Radix(Baitouweng),Coptidis Rhizoma(Huanglian),Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(Huangbo),Fraxini Cortex(Qinpi),and 106 intersecting targets of UC,were obtained from INPUT.PPI and enrichment analyses showed Baitouweng decoction might regulate inflammatory response to improve UC injury.Seventeen included studies were published between 2004 and 2024.The meta-analysis results suggested that Baitouweng decoction may help increase body weight,decrease DAI and CMDI,reduce colon length shortening associated with UC,lower the spleen index,and alleviate tissue damage in colitis.In addition,Baitouweng decoction could inhibit inflammatory response and repair intestinal barrier in UC model.The protective mechanism of Baitouweng decoction was consistent with the predicted targets of network pharmacology,which suggested the results were accurate.Conclusion:Baitouweng decoction could improve UC injury by regulating the inflammatory response,cell apoptosis,and body metabolism through the integration of network pharmacology and meta-analysis.Its protective mechanisms are related to anti-inflammation,regulation of intestinal flora,brain-gut peptides,and protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier,along with modulation of body metabolism,including SCFA,bile acids,and tryptophan metabolism.
基金supported by the Project of Innovation team of General Institutes of Higher Education in Guangdong Province(2024KCXTD078)the Project of Integration of resource monitoring,epidemic diseases monitoring and rescue capability of wildlife in 2023(ZT202304111)the Special Project of the Lushan Botanical Garden(No.2024ZWZX06).
文摘Traditional medicinal animals and their derivatives hold a significant place within the traditional Chinese medicine framework.However,substantial knowledge about medicinal animals is being lost–particularly within China’s folk practices and ethnic minority groups–remains unrecorded and unverified scientifically.Such knowledge,primarily preserved through oral instruction,is now at risk of disappearing due to its fragmented and regionalized nature.This paper underscores the importance of documenting and scientifically validating these medicinal animals as valuable resources.We advocate for a comprehensive,systematic approach to recording,screening,and verifying the pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal animals.It can contribute to the modernization and globalization of traditional Chinese medicine.In the future,interdisciplinary and international collaborations are essential to advance the systematic documentation and scientific management of medicinal animal knowledge,to ensure its preservation and application in global healthcare,sustainable health practices,and biodiversity conservation efforts.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62121003,T2293730,T2293731,61960206012,62333020,and 62171434)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402501 and 2022YFB3205602)the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(2021ZD02016030)。
文摘Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.
文摘In November 2024,the famous British zoologist Jane Goodall,known as“the Mother of Chimpanzees”,visited China for the 17th time.During her trip,she celebrated the 30th anniversary of her“Roots&Shoots”project in China and participated in the 8th“It's Warm Winter”event organized by the Beijing It's Animal Protection Public Welfare Foundation(It's Fund).
文摘Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fluctuating skeletal muscle fatigability. The majority of myasthenia gravis patients have detectable antibodies in their serum, targeting acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase, or related proteins. Current treatment for myasthenia gravis involves symptomatic therapy, immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil, and thymectomy, which is primarily indicated in patients with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. However, this condition continues to pose significant challenges including an unpredictable and variable disease progression, differing response to individual therapies, and substantial longterm side effects associated with standard treatments(including an increased risk of infections, osteoporosis, and diabetes), underscoring the necessity for a more personalized approach to treatment. Furthermore, about fifteen percent of patients, called “refractory myasthenia gravis patients”, do not respond adequately to standard therapies. In this context, the introduction of molecular therapies has marked a significant advance in myasthenia gravis management. Advances in understanding myasthenia gravis pathogenesis, especially the role of pathogenic antibodies, have driven the development of these biological drugs, which offer more selective, rapid, and safer alternatives to traditional immunosuppressants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting specific immune pathways in myasthenia gravis, with a particular focus on preclinical evidence, therapeutic rationale, and clinical translation of B-cell depletion therapies, neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors, and complement inhibitors.
