The rapid urbanization has significantly accelerated the expansion of cities and led to a notable increase in urban land surface temperature(LST).Currently,most studies mainly examine the effects of two-dimensional(2D...The rapid urbanization has significantly accelerated the expansion of cities and led to a notable increase in urban land surface temperature(LST).Currently,most studies mainly examine the effects of two-dimensional(2D)landscape patterns on LST variations,and research investigating the relationship between three-dimensional(3D)urban landscape patterns and LST remains relatively scarce.Therefore,this study utilizes partial correlation analysis and piecewise linear regression to systematically investigate the impacts of gray landscape indicators on LST variations under both 2D and 3D urban patterns,aiming to elucidate the complex relationship between 3D urban landscape patterns and LST dynamics.The results demonstrate that specific 3D building characteristics,particularly the area of low-rise buildings,building aggregation degree,shape complexity,and patch density of mid-rise buildings,serve as effective indicators of urban thermal environment risk.The analysis reveals that increased area-related indicators for low-rise buildings significantly exacerbate the LST rise,whereas modifications to the landscape shape of middle and high-rise buildings contribute to thermal mitigation.Additionally,when gray landscape aggregation exceeds 80%,the spatial concentration of mid-rise buildings exhibits a pronounced positive effect on moderating urban LST.These findings elucidate the mechanisms through which 3D landscape patterns influence urban thermal risks in Beijing,advancing the understanding of urban landscape-ecological processes interactions and providing crucial scientific support for landscape optimization and urban thermal environment risk mitigation strategies.展开更多
The Toraja Highlands,encompassing Tana Toraja and North Toraja,form the strategic upper reaches of the Saddang Watershed in South Sulawesi,where steep terrain,active land-cover change,and high ecological sensitivity c...The Toraja Highlands,encompassing Tana Toraja and North Toraja,form the strategic upper reaches of the Saddang Watershed in South Sulawesi,where steep terrain,active land-cover change,and high ecological sensitivity converge.This study addresses the need for an objective and validated ecological sensitivity map to support sustainable mountain watershed management.We construct an ecological sensitivity index based on principal component analysis using four key indicators:land cover,vegetation density(NDVI),slope,and rainfall,and evaluate its reliability through multi-source validation.Inputs integrate national elevation models,Landsat 8 imagery,and satellite-derived rainfall.Rainfall represents a multi-year climatology for 2015–2024,whereas land cover and NDVI reflect recent surface conditions derived from a cloud-free 2024 composite.The resulting sensitivity zonation indicates that 41.10%of Tana Toraja and 67.11%of North Toraja fall into the very high sensitivity class,concentrated on steep slopes and intensively converted landscapes.Eventbased spatial cross-validation against independent landslide records yields overall accuracies of 67.65%and 66.67%,while field verification produces Kappa values of 0.847 and 0.871.Stakeholder appraisal further corroborates the mapped patterns.Together,these convergent lines of evidence identify priority areas for reforestation,soil conservation,slope stabilization,and sustainable watershed management.The transparent and reproducible workflow supports evidence-based risk reduction and resilience building in the upper reaches of the Saddang Watershed.展开更多
The South Aral Seabed is an extreme dryland ecosystem undergoing rapid transformation yet remains misrepresented or absent in global land cover datasets.Conventional vegetation indices,specifically the Normalized Diff...The South Aral Seabed is an extreme dryland ecosystem undergoing rapid transformation yet remains misrepresented or absent in global land cover datasets.Conventional vegetation indices,specifically the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),perform poorly in such environments due to their limited ability to distinguish sparse vegetation from highly reflective saline and sandy soils.This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(MSAVI)for improving land cover classification in the South Aral Seabed and conducted a decadal analysis of land cover change between 2013 and 2023 using Landsat 8 imagery(30 m resolution).A spectral index-based classification framework was developed,combining MSAVI with the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)and Salinity Index 1(SI1)to reduce spectral confusion between vegetation,saline soils,and surface water.The MSAVI-based classification achieved an overall accuracy of 77.96%(Kappa coefficient=0.71),supported by 313 field-collected validation points from 2023.While the multi-index approach enabled finer discrimination of ecologically important classes,particularly separating salt pans from solonchak soils,it resulted in a lower overall accuracy(73.80%),highlighting a trade-off between class separability and classification performance.Land cover change analysis revealed a highly dynamic landscape,with 52.96%of the study area transitioning between classes over the decade.Transformed areas(16,893 km2)exceeded stable zones(15,004 km2),driven primarily by rapid desiccation and salinization.Solonchak soils increased at an annual rate of 5.58%,while surface water bodies declined by 4.83%per year.Concurrently,sparse or distressed vegetation increased by 1.43%annually,reflecting ongoing afforestation efforts.This study provides the first MSAVI-based and medium-resolution land cover baseline for the South Aral Seabed and demonstrates that soil-adjusted vegetation indices are essential for reliable dryland classification where conventional indices fail.The proposed spectral index framework offers a replicable methodology applicable to other global drylands facing similar land degradation and restoration challenges.展开更多
Several ecological restoration projects have been carried out to prevent and restore alpine sandy land,mainly by reestablishing vegetation through planting woody plants and grasses.However,our understanding of how shr...Several ecological restoration projects have been carried out to prevent and restore alpine sandy land,mainly by reestablishing vegetation through planting woody plants and grasses.However,our understanding of how shrub and grass restoration measures affect soil multifunctionality(SMF)in alpine and semi-humid areas remains limited.This study examined the effects of three typical restoration methods—artificial grass plus shrub planting(AGS),artificial grass planting(AG),and artificial shrub planting(AS)-on plant-soil functions and soil multifunctionality,as well as the factors influencing SMF compared to natural grassland(NG).The results showed that vegetation restoration improved aboveground plant characteristics and soil nutrients.Species richness(R),herbaceous plant coverage(Cover),and aboveground biomass(AGB)were higher in AGS than in AS.Soil organic carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus levels decreased across AGS,AG,and AS,respectively.Additionally,vegetation restoration on sandy land significantly increased soil multifunctionality,with the SMF of AGS reaching 83.92%of that in NG.The structural equation model indicated that plant communities with higher species richness could enhance soil multifunctionality by increasing plant productivity.Compared to NG,soil bulk density negatively affected SMF directly,while soil water content(SWC)directly influenced R and AGB,and indirectly improved SMF through artificial shrub and grass vegetation restoration.Therefore,AGS enhanced SMF more than both AG and AS,and may be a more effective strategy for restoring soil functions in alpine and semi-humid sandy lands.Our findings suggest that combining grasses and shrubs in vegetation restoration offers a more sustainable approach,helping to combat desertification and improve management strategies in the alpine sub-humid region.展开更多
This study investigates the potential formation of subglacial lakes beneath the glaciers of the Franz Josef Land archipelago,Russian Arctic,under current and future climatic conditions.Using a one-dimensional heat and...This study investigates the potential formation of subglacial lakes beneath the glaciers of the Franz Josef Land archipelago,Russian Arctic,under current and future climatic conditions.Using a one-dimensional heat and mass transfer model,the research evaluates the influence of geothermal heat flow,ice thickness,and surface temperature on basal melting.The model incorporates enthalpy formulation and boundary conditions derived from field data,including temperature profiles and geothermal measurements.Results indicate that subglacial lakes could form under ice masses exceeding 300 m thickness,driven by geothermal heating,though current basal temperatures remain below the melting point.Simulations under the IPCC SSP1-2.6 scenario suggest a gradual warming trend,highlighting the long-term thermal inertia of Arctic glaciers.The study underscores the need for enhanced observational data to validate models and improve predictions of glacial dynamics in response to climate change.展开更多
This study evaluates the long-term radiometric performance of the USGS new released Landsat Collection 1 archive, including the absolute calibration of each Landsat sensor as well as the relative cross-calibration amo...This study evaluates the long-term radiometric performance of the USGS new released Landsat Collection 1 archive, including the absolute calibration of each Landsat sensor as well as the relative cross-calibration among the four most popular Landsat sensors. A total of 920 Landsat Collection 1 scenes were evaluated against the corresponding Pre-Collection images over a Pseudo-Invariant Site, Railroad Valley Playa Nevada, United States (RVPN). The radiometric performance of the six Landsat solar reflective bands, in terms of both Digital Numbers (DNs) and at-sensor Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, on the sensor cross-calibration was examined. Results show that absolute radiometric calibration at DNs level was applied to the Landsat-4 and -5 TM (L4 TM and L5 TM) by –1.119% to 0.126%. For L4 TM and L5 TM, the cross-calibration decreased the radiometric measurement level by rescaling at-sensor radiance to DN values. The radiometric changes, –0.77% for L4 TM, 0.95% for L5 TM, –0.26% for L7 ETM+, and –0.01% for L8 OLI, were detected during the cross-calibration stage of converting DNs into TOA reflectance. This study has also indicated that the long-term radiometric performance for the Landsat Collection 1 archive is promising. Supports of these conclusions were demonstrated through the time-series analysis based on the Landsat Collection 1 image stack. Nevertheless, the radiometric changes across the four Landsat sensors raised concerns of the previous Landsat Pre-Collection based results. We suggest that Landsat users should pay attention to differences in results from Pre-Collection and Collection 1 time-series data sets.展开更多
In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoun...In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoundly affected its ecological stability.Taking Hangzhou as an example,this study integrates land use change data from 1980 to 2020,combines dynamic simulation and ecological modeling techniques,and carries out a comprehensive analysis of historical trends and future predictions,to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between urban expansion and landscape stability.The results indicate that:1)between 1980 and2020,Hangzhou experienced a significant increase in construction land at the expense of arable land,leading to a gradual decline in landscape stability,though the downward trend has slowed in recent years.2)The spatial distribution of landscape stability shows clear aggregation patterns,with lower stability concentrated in economically active flatlands and higher stability in the mountainous western regions.3)By 2040,further urban expansion is predicted to occur alongside increased landscape integration,reflecting the positive effects of ecological protection strategies.This study highlights the universal challenges of balancing economic growth with ecological stability in rapidly urbanizing regions.The combination of advanced simulation models and spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates a replicable framework for assessing urban expansion's ecological impacts.These findings underscore the importance of tailoring urban planning and ecological policies to address regional disparities,providing valuable insights for sustainable urban development and landscape management globally.展开更多
Sustainable urban development nowadays requires the consideration of vegetation,particularly green spaces,for thewell-beingof thepopulationand thequalityof life.It iswiththispurpose a studywas conducted in the city of...Sustainable urban development nowadays requires the consideration of vegetation,particularly green spaces,for thewell-beingof thepopulationand thequalityof life.It iswiththispurpose a studywas conducted in the city of Ketou,Benin,to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of the wooded landscape and its influencing factors,with a viewto sustainable urban planning.Using remote sensing andGeographic Information Systems,Landsat TM,ETM,and OLI/TIRS satellite images were processed using the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm in Environment for Visualizing Images(ENVI)5.0 to assess land use changes from 2003 to 2023.A socio-economic survey was also carried out on a sample of seventy 70 residents to identify the causes of vegetation changes,their economic impacts,and residents’perceptions.The results reveal six(06)types of land uses which are clear forests,wooded and shrub savannas,mosaics of culture and fallow,land under palm trees,watercourses and built-up areas.These uses have changed between 2003 and 2023,to the detriment of built-up areas,which saw a significant increase in their area,rising from 384 ha in 2003 to 1462 ha in 2013 and from 1462 to 2056 ha in 2023,an increase of(+1672 ha).This shows that the study area has been heavily urbanized.This dynamic is influenced by two(02)direct factors,namely:wood exploitation in various forms(80%)and urbanization(75.7%),and four indirect factors,namely:agriculture(44%),the collection of nontimber forest products(NTFPs),the commercialization ofNTFPs and wood(timber and fuelwood)(12.85%),and crafts(11.42%).Despite the residents’awareness of the environmental impact of vegetation destruction,they continue their actions.This highlights the need for the implementation of new sustainable management strategies,such as reasonable urbanization policies and agricultural methods adapted to the environment.This information remains a contribution to science,which policymakers should consider for the sustainable management of urban tree landscapes for the wellbeing of residents.展开更多
The relationship between landslides,land use,and sediment connectivity is not only a critical interdisciplinary topic,but also remains a challenging issue in assessing dynamic landslide susceptibility within reservoir...The relationship between landslides,land use,and sediment connectivity is not only a critical interdisciplinary topic,but also remains a challenging issue in assessing dynamic landslide susceptibility within reservoir areas.To explore the interactions among landslide,land use changes,and sediment dynamic,this study took Zigui Basin,the head area of the Three Gorges Reservoir,as the study area to examine this triadic relationship by single-factor detection and interactive detection.Here,we utilized Dynamic Attitude(DA)analysis to quantify land use changes and applied the Index of Connectivity(IC)to assess sediment connectivity evolution from 2018 to 2023.A multi-temporal analysis using the Landslide Susceptibility Index(LSI)was conducted to evaluate the degree of transformation in the three objects and the influence of these changes on the landslide susceptibility.According to the spatial analyst and statistics tools in ArcGIS,the results reveal that most of the landslides distributed in areas with high land use dynamic attitude,such as cultivated land transfers to forestland or garden plot,and the garden plot continuously increased across the study period with largest variation of 5%and an increment of 1.9%.Furthermore,linkage between land use and sediment transport can be effectively quantified by IC,and the resulting map indicated that garden plot increased,and catchment channel characteristics had a greater influence on the IC value than differences in vegetation cover.A comprehensive evaluation of the differences among the susceptibility maps reveals that the very high susceptibility classes are predominantly influenced by enhanced connectivity,whereas land use change has a greater effect on medium-low susceptibility region than that of sediment evolution.That is,both changes of land use and connectivity have positively correlated with landslide activity,but they exhibit differential influences on landslides susceptibility.展开更多
Mountainous minority regions in China,characterized by abundant natural and cultural resources,ecologically fragile environments,and often geographically remote locations,pose distinct developmental challenges and opp...Mountainous minority regions in China,characterized by abundant natural and cultural resources,ecologically fragile environments,and often geographically remote locations,pose distinct developmental challenges and opportunities.Despite the complexity and typicality of Chinese mountainous ethnic minority regions in terms of eco-cultural tourism and land use dynamics,the interplay among tourism development,land use changes,and landscape ecological risk in these specific contexts has received insufficient attention.To explore how eco-cultural tourism development in ethnic minority mountainous regions affects land use and landscape ecology,this study investigates the evolution of land use in Southeast Guizhou Province from 1980-2020,integrating GIS spatial analysis,the landscape pattern index and landscape ecological risk index analysis.Over the past four decades(1980-2020),eco-cultural tourism has driven significant land use transformations characterized by substantial expansion of building land,growth of ecological land(notably forest land and water areas),and reduction of cultivated land.Concurrently,landscape ecological risk evolved through distinct phases-showing an overall increase during 1980-2000 with expanding medium-risk zones,followed by stabilization from 2000-2020.Tourism development accelerated these land transitions while fostering multifunctional compound land uses,enhancing both land value and utilization efficiency.Crucially,eco-cultural tourism in ethnic regions demonstrates capacity to reconcile ecological conservation with economic development,providing transferable models for similar regions globally.展开更多
This study was conducted to devise an integrated methodology for retrieval of surface soilmoisture(SSM)using Landsat 8 TIRS data.For this purpose,Landsat 8 images of 15 May 2021(pre-monsoon)and 20 November 2021(post-m...This study was conducted to devise an integrated methodology for retrieval of surface soilmoisture(SSM)using Landsat 8 TIRS data.For this purpose,Landsat 8 images of 15 May 2021(pre-monsoon)and 20 November 2021(post-monsoon)were processed for retrieval of soil moisture index(SMI)based on land surface temperature(LST).Moreover,field-based SM in the laboratory was also determined and correlated with satellite-based SMI.A moderate correlation between field-based SM and satellite-based SMI with R2=0.60 was obtained.Based on this relationship,SSM maps of Tehsil Faisalabad Saddar for the pre-and post-monsoon seasons of 2021 were developed.Significant variations in the spatial distribution of SSM of Tehsil Faisalabad Saddar(total area of 1492.45 km^(2))for pre-and postmonsoon seasons were observed.In the pre-monsoon season,68.1% of the area of Faisalabad Saddar showed SSM contents ranging from 10.37%to 15.40%.Only 8.7%of the total area of Faisalabad Saddar exhibited SSM in the range of 15.41%-22.82%in the pre-monsoon season.It was astonishing to notice that no area in Faisalabad Saddar was detected with SSMabove 22.82% in the pre-monsoon season.However,in the post-monsoon season,only 0.11%of the total study area exhibited SSM in the range of 0.0%to 26.97%.The maximum area(52.29%of the total area)in post-monsoon season exhibited SSMranging from 36.18%to 40.02%,followed by 32.02%-36.17%(34.3% of the total area).The study concluded that satellite-based retrieval of surface soil moisture realistically monitored the variations in soil moisture due to the onset of the monsoon season.The novel methodology developed in this study could be helpful for policy making regarding groundwater recharge and its sustainable use in an area,as well as for estimating surface soilmoisture to provide irrigation scheduling and crop management guidelines.展开更多
Many agricultural landscapes have been formed through the interaction and co-evolution of nature and people, and represent the living landscapes shaped over time through intensive and continuous human cultivation. Ter...Many agricultural landscapes have been formed through the interaction and co-evolution of nature and people, and represent the living landscapes shaped over time through intensive and continuous human cultivation. Terraced paddy fields are being re-evaluated to take into account the multiple functions they fill beyond only rice cultivation, particularly their contribution to the national biodiversity strategy of Japan. Since the 1990 s, terraced paddy fields have been considered a representative cultural landscape of Japan and, at the same time, multi-stakeholder conservation activities have been conducted throughout Japan to reverse the increasing abandonment of terraces. Shiroyone Senmaida is an outstanding cultural landscape and a major tourist attraction in Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, which was designated through an initiative by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot site in 2011. It is important to clarify tourist preference for terraced paddy field landscapes to contribute to future policy making toward improved agricultural landscape conservation. A key finding of this study is that tourists visiting toenjoy the agricultural landscape are also concerned on the sustainability of the farming methods and preferred to maintain the naturalness of the landscape. Respondents with higher educational levels and greater concern for the biological and traditional farming knowledge aspects of the rice terraces were also more inclined to favor sustainable farming practices. Tourists preferred to maintain the naturalness and rurality of the agricultural landscape, and indicated that construction of excessive tourist facilities would cause the landscape to deteriorate. It was suggested that the local community and surroundings, including rural settlements, hills, and forests, should also be conserved together with the scenic terrace.展开更多
Landscape ecology and landscape pattern analysis are important components of national-scale programs to identify trends in land cover change because: 1) Statistics on changes in land cover prop...Landscape ecology and landscape pattern analysis are important components of national-scale programs to identify trends in land cover change because: 1) Statistics on changes in land cover proportions are not spatial. A change matrix derived from GIS provides useful information, but it does not show the spatial form of change in the landscape. Landscape pattern metrics reveal spatial pattern. 2) A growing body of literature has shown that a change in landscape pattern might indicate important changes in ecological functions: forest connectivity and species movements, number and size of farm patches, effects on water quality. Spatial pattern is important in structuring ecological communities and in maintaining existence of competitors. Spatial pattern may be determined by disturbance and may in turn, determine how disturbances propagate through the system. 3) Sometimes landscape pattern may not significantly change, even though land cover proportions do change. Or, vice-versa, sometimes landscape pattern can significantly change, even though land cover proportions don't significantly change. 4) Landscape pattern is an inherent and important part of describing landscapes: based on the literature, one of the most important descriptive characteristics of a landscape is its texture. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) Explain the importance of the role of landscape ecology and landscape pattern analysis in land cover change studies; 2) Review the literature that specifically incorporates landscape ecology into land cover change studies; and 3) List the theoretical and technical issues involved and suggest solutions for them.展开更多
As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes,yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape lev...As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes,yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape level remain understudied,impeding conservation practice.Here,using survey data collected across 14 inland lakes in Jiangsu Province in 2022,we calculated wintering waterbirds diversity(taxonomic,functional,phylogenetic)and assembly patterns(MPD/MNTD of functional and phylogenetic).Then,we interpreted satellite imagery of lake areas and buffer zones(5 km),and partitioned them into three land-use and landscape index categories(anthropogenic,ecological,and lake landscape).Finally,we employed multiple linear regression and hierarchical partitioning to explain the influence of landscape scales on wintering waterbird communities.Our results showed that the diversity and assembly of regional wintering waterbird communities tended to be consistent across taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic dimensions.The standardized diversity indices indicated that functional assembly of communities tends to be clustered at both local and regional scale.In contrast,the phylogenetic structure showed a predominantly overdispersed pattern in most lakes at the local scale,while neutral processes dominated at the regional scale.Modeling showed that selected variables explained waterbird diversity and assembly well.Lake fragmentation increased species evenness but reduced other diversity indices,while landscape evenness was negatively associated with functional and phylogenetic assembly.Among anthropogenic factors,aquaculture ponds and impervious surfaces reduced all diversity dimensions,whereas cropland connectivity enhanced phylogenetic diversity.These factors had consistent effects on community assembly.For ecological variables,grassland area enhanced functional and phylogenetic diversity but led to more clustered functional assembly.Overall,maintaining the integrity and connectivity of lakes and their surrounding landscapes is essential for sustaining waterbird diversity and guiding wetland restoration.展开更多
Jaipur,India,is experiencing rapid urbanization that is significantly altering its land use and land cover(LULC)patterns,presenting both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development and socio-economic adva...Jaipur,India,is experiencing rapid urbanization that is significantly altering its land use and land cover(LULC)patterns,presenting both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development and socio-economic advancement.This study utilizes advanced geospatial and remote sensing technologies to assess these changes and project future scenarios.Specifically,satellite data were processed using Google Earth Engine,land cover was accurately classified using the Random Forest algorithm,and future projections were modeled through QGIS-MOLUSCE using a polynomial-based Cellular Automata–Artificial Neural Network(CA-ANN)approach.Analysis of Landsat imagery for the years 2000 and 2020 reveals a dramatic 188.59%increase in urban built-up areas and a 145.44%rise in vegetation cover,largely due to successful afforestation efforts.Meanwhile,barren land declined by 47.37%,and water bodies exhibited fluctuating trends,reflecting the intricate interplay between urban development and climatic variability.Looking ahead to 2045,model projections estimate that built-up areas will expand to approximately 1303.08 square kilometres,potentially threatening the integrity of vital green spaces and aquatic ecosystems.These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated policy interventions aimed at mitigating environmental risks such as urban heat island effects and biodiversity loss.By providing a detailed account of past and present LULC dynamics,this research delivers actionable,data-driven insights to support sustainable urban planning.Moreover,the integration of urban growth models with climate resilience strategies offers a replicable framework for managing urban expansion in other rapidly developing cities,particularly those situated in semi-arid regions.展开更多
Taking advantage of remote sensing(RS) technology and geographic information system(GIS) technology to interpret the four periods' data of remote sensing images of Pearl River Estuary in the years of 1990,1995,200...Taking advantage of remote sensing(RS) technology and geographic information system(GIS) technology to interpret the four periods' data of remote sensing images of Pearl River Estuary in the years of 1990,1995,2000,and 2005,the changes in land utilization and landscape layout of Pearl River Estuary have been analyzed with reference to land utilization dynamic model and quantitative method in landscape ecology.Results indicate several points as followings.①Located in the region typical of high-speed economic development,Pearl River Estuary shows noticeable changes in land types and evident spatial temporal difference.During these 15 years,the areas of cultivated land and forests have experienced dramatic decline while the land for construction purposes shows the trend of powerful increase.②On the prospect of variation,landscape metrics have indicated great differences among other landscape pattern indices except for Area-Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension(AWMPFD) especially during the period from 1990 to 1995 which experiences the most obvious changes.③On the prospect of landscape,landscape pattern indices also indicate great changes in the landscape layout of Pearl River Estuary from 1990 to 2005 as well as noticeable increase in the number of patches,and various landscape pattern indices show the increase in the degree of regional landscape fragmentation and increase in diversity.展开更多
The Leymus chinensis grassland is one of themost widely distributed associations in the warmtemperate grassland and due to overgrazing in recent years,it has experienced varying degrees of degradation.Vegetative regen...The Leymus chinensis grassland is one of themost widely distributed associations in the warmtemperate grassland and due to overgrazing in recent years,it has experienced varying degrees of degradation.Vegetative regeneration via bud banks serves as the primaryway of vegetation reproduction in the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.However,the role of the bud bank in the vegetation regeneration of grazing grassland remains unclear.Based on the relationship between the under-ground bud bank and above-ground vegetation of L.chinensis grassland under different grazing stages,this study aimed to explore whether the grazing grassland could self-recover through the existing bud bank.The findings revealed that the bud density initially increased and then decreased with increasing grazing intensity,indicating that appropriate grazing promoted vegetation renewal.Moreover,grazing significantly influenced the composition of the bud bank:during the early grazing stage,the rhizome buds accounted for the main part,and tiller buds dominated during the mid-stage grazing;while during the late-stage grazing,root-sprouting buds prevailed.The meristem restriction index for light,moderate,and heavy grazing grasslands was close to one;conversely,overgrazing and extreme overgrazing grasslands exhibited the highermeristemrestriction index(2.00,3.19),suggesting that plant regeneration was constrained by bud banks under light-grazing conditions where regenerate rates failed to meet above-ground modular’s recovery requirements following overgrazing and extreme overgrazing events.Consequently,moderate grazing grasslands could achieve natural community recovery by continuously adjusting their vegetative regeneration strategies.Understanding the role of bud banks in vegetative regeneration in grazing grassland will not only supply theoretical support for the ecological succession process of degraded grassland but also provide practical experience for the sustainable management of the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.展开更多
The process of agricultural intensification has led to significant reductions in biodiversity globally.Previous studies examined the role of semi-natural habitats within agroecosystems in supporting bird communities,b...The process of agricultural intensification has led to significant reductions in biodiversity globally.Previous studies examined the role of semi-natural habitats within agroecosystems in supporting bird communities,but few have considered the effects of landscape agricultural intensity on avian conservation potential of seminatural habitats.Here,we disentangle the relative effects of semi-natural habitats within different landscape agricultural intensities on bird community composition in central and eastern Jilin Province,China.We established 322 sampling sites distributed across low,middle,and high landscape agricultural intensities,with 103,118,and 101 sites respectively.Each sampling site was visited two times in May and June 2023 to test the dissimilarities in bird composition between different landscape agricultural intensities.We found that middleintensity agriculture supported the highest bird diversity in most cases,but low-intensity plays an important role in maintaining insectivorous birds.We used generalized linear models and model selection to assess the relative impacts of semi-natural habitats on bird community along agricultural intensity respectively.Our results showed that the effects of agriculture on bird communities were predominantly influenced by the amount of semi-natural habitats,with effects that differ in accordance with the level of landscape agricultural intensity.Priority should be given to preserve or/and plant these semi-natural habitats in middle-intensity agriculture due to the stronger effect sizes on bird diversity.Specifically,we suggested preserving and promoting woodlands and shrubs in high-intensity agriculture,and simultaneously increasing crop diversity to protect bird diversity in agriculture landscapes in the context of increasing crop intensification globally.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2024YFF1306200]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42171318].
文摘The rapid urbanization has significantly accelerated the expansion of cities and led to a notable increase in urban land surface temperature(LST).Currently,most studies mainly examine the effects of two-dimensional(2D)landscape patterns on LST variations,and research investigating the relationship between three-dimensional(3D)urban landscape patterns and LST remains relatively scarce.Therefore,this study utilizes partial correlation analysis and piecewise linear regression to systematically investigate the impacts of gray landscape indicators on LST variations under both 2D and 3D urban patterns,aiming to elucidate the complex relationship between 3D urban landscape patterns and LST dynamics.The results demonstrate that specific 3D building characteristics,particularly the area of low-rise buildings,building aggregation degree,shape complexity,and patch density of mid-rise buildings,serve as effective indicators of urban thermal environment risk.The analysis reveals that increased area-related indicators for low-rise buildings significantly exacerbate the LST rise,whereas modifications to the landscape shape of middle and high-rise buildings contribute to thermal mitigation.Additionally,when gray landscape aggregation exceeds 80%,the spatial concentration of mid-rise buildings exhibits a pronounced positive effect on moderating urban LST.These findings elucidate the mechanisms through which 3D landscape patterns influence urban thermal risks in Beijing,advancing the understanding of urban landscape-ecological processes interactions and providing crucial scientific support for landscape optimization and urban thermal environment risk mitigation strategies.
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education,Science and Technology,Republic of Indonesia through the Indonesia Collaborative Research(Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia)grant(Number:01319/UN4.22/PT.01.03/2025)。
文摘The Toraja Highlands,encompassing Tana Toraja and North Toraja,form the strategic upper reaches of the Saddang Watershed in South Sulawesi,where steep terrain,active land-cover change,and high ecological sensitivity converge.This study addresses the need for an objective and validated ecological sensitivity map to support sustainable mountain watershed management.We construct an ecological sensitivity index based on principal component analysis using four key indicators:land cover,vegetation density(NDVI),slope,and rainfall,and evaluate its reliability through multi-source validation.Inputs integrate national elevation models,Landsat 8 imagery,and satellite-derived rainfall.Rainfall represents a multi-year climatology for 2015–2024,whereas land cover and NDVI reflect recent surface conditions derived from a cloud-free 2024 composite.The resulting sensitivity zonation indicates that 41.10%of Tana Toraja and 67.11%of North Toraja fall into the very high sensitivity class,concentrated on steep slopes and intensively converted landscapes.Eventbased spatial cross-validation against independent landslide records yields overall accuracies of 67.65%and 66.67%,while field verification produces Kappa values of 0.847 and 0.871.Stakeholder appraisal further corroborates the mapped patterns.Together,these convergent lines of evidence identify priority areas for reforestation,soil conservation,slope stabilization,and sustainable watershed management.The transparent and reproducible workflow supports evidence-based risk reduction and resilience building in the upper reaches of the Saddang Watershed.
基金supported by the United Kingdom(UK)Darwin Initiative(28-003).
文摘The South Aral Seabed is an extreme dryland ecosystem undergoing rapid transformation yet remains misrepresented or absent in global land cover datasets.Conventional vegetation indices,specifically the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),perform poorly in such environments due to their limited ability to distinguish sparse vegetation from highly reflective saline and sandy soils.This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(MSAVI)for improving land cover classification in the South Aral Seabed and conducted a decadal analysis of land cover change between 2013 and 2023 using Landsat 8 imagery(30 m resolution).A spectral index-based classification framework was developed,combining MSAVI with the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)and Salinity Index 1(SI1)to reduce spectral confusion between vegetation,saline soils,and surface water.The MSAVI-based classification achieved an overall accuracy of 77.96%(Kappa coefficient=0.71),supported by 313 field-collected validation points from 2023.While the multi-index approach enabled finer discrimination of ecologically important classes,particularly separating salt pans from solonchak soils,it resulted in a lower overall accuracy(73.80%),highlighting a trade-off between class separability and classification performance.Land cover change analysis revealed a highly dynamic landscape,with 52.96%of the study area transitioning between classes over the decade.Transformed areas(16,893 km2)exceeded stable zones(15,004 km2),driven primarily by rapid desiccation and salinization.Solonchak soils increased at an annual rate of 5.58%,while surface water bodies declined by 4.83%per year.Concurrently,sparse or distressed vegetation increased by 1.43%annually,reflecting ongoing afforestation efforts.This study provides the first MSAVI-based and medium-resolution land cover baseline for the South Aral Seabed and demonstrates that soil-adjusted vegetation indices are essential for reliable dryland classification where conventional indices fail.The proposed spectral index framework offers a replicable methodology applicable to other global drylands facing similar land degradation and restoration challenges.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program of China(No.2019QZKK0307)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42007057)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0106)Key R&D project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFD1601601)the Southwest Minzu University Double World-Class Project(No.CX2023012).
文摘Several ecological restoration projects have been carried out to prevent and restore alpine sandy land,mainly by reestablishing vegetation through planting woody plants and grasses.However,our understanding of how shrub and grass restoration measures affect soil multifunctionality(SMF)in alpine and semi-humid areas remains limited.This study examined the effects of three typical restoration methods—artificial grass plus shrub planting(AGS),artificial grass planting(AG),and artificial shrub planting(AS)-on plant-soil functions and soil multifunctionality,as well as the factors influencing SMF compared to natural grassland(NG).The results showed that vegetation restoration improved aboveground plant characteristics and soil nutrients.Species richness(R),herbaceous plant coverage(Cover),and aboveground biomass(AGB)were higher in AGS than in AS.Soil organic carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus levels decreased across AGS,AG,and AS,respectively.Additionally,vegetation restoration on sandy land significantly increased soil multifunctionality,with the SMF of AGS reaching 83.92%of that in NG.The structural equation model indicated that plant communities with higher species richness could enhance soil multifunctionality by increasing plant productivity.Compared to NG,soil bulk density negatively affected SMF directly,while soil water content(SWC)directly influenced R and AGB,and indirectly improved SMF through artificial shrub and grass vegetation restoration.Therefore,AGS enhanced SMF more than both AG and AS,and may be a more effective strategy for restoring soil functions in alpine and semi-humid sandy lands.Our findings suggest that combining grasses and shrubs in vegetation restoration offers a more sustainable approach,helping to combat desertification and improve management strategies in the alpine sub-humid region.
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(Grant no.23230712200).
文摘This study investigates the potential formation of subglacial lakes beneath the glaciers of the Franz Josef Land archipelago,Russian Arctic,under current and future climatic conditions.Using a one-dimensional heat and mass transfer model,the research evaluates the influence of geothermal heat flow,ice thickness,and surface temperature on basal melting.The model incorporates enthalpy formulation and boundary conditions derived from field data,including temperature profiles and geothermal measurements.Results indicate that subglacial lakes could form under ice masses exceeding 300 m thickness,driven by geothermal heating,though current basal temperatures remain below the melting point.Simulations under the IPCC SSP1-2.6 scenario suggest a gradual warming trend,highlighting the long-term thermal inertia of Arctic glaciers.The study underscores the need for enhanced observational data to validate models and improve predictions of glacial dynamics in response to climate change.
文摘This study evaluates the long-term radiometric performance of the USGS new released Landsat Collection 1 archive, including the absolute calibration of each Landsat sensor as well as the relative cross-calibration among the four most popular Landsat sensors. A total of 920 Landsat Collection 1 scenes were evaluated against the corresponding Pre-Collection images over a Pseudo-Invariant Site, Railroad Valley Playa Nevada, United States (RVPN). The radiometric performance of the six Landsat solar reflective bands, in terms of both Digital Numbers (DNs) and at-sensor Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, on the sensor cross-calibration was examined. Results show that absolute radiometric calibration at DNs level was applied to the Landsat-4 and -5 TM (L4 TM and L5 TM) by –1.119% to 0.126%. For L4 TM and L5 TM, the cross-calibration decreased the radiometric measurement level by rescaling at-sensor radiance to DN values. The radiometric changes, –0.77% for L4 TM, 0.95% for L5 TM, –0.26% for L7 ETM+, and –0.01% for L8 OLI, were detected during the cross-calibration stage of converting DNs into TOA reflectance. This study has also indicated that the long-term radiometric performance for the Landsat Collection 1 archive is promising. Supports of these conclusions were demonstrated through the time-series analysis based on the Landsat Collection 1 image stack. Nevertheless, the radiometric changes across the four Landsat sensors raised concerns of the previous Landsat Pre-Collection based results. We suggest that Landsat users should pay attention to differences in results from Pre-Collection and Collection 1 time-series data sets.
基金Under the auspices of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY19C160007)。
文摘In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoundly affected its ecological stability.Taking Hangzhou as an example,this study integrates land use change data from 1980 to 2020,combines dynamic simulation and ecological modeling techniques,and carries out a comprehensive analysis of historical trends and future predictions,to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between urban expansion and landscape stability.The results indicate that:1)between 1980 and2020,Hangzhou experienced a significant increase in construction land at the expense of arable land,leading to a gradual decline in landscape stability,though the downward trend has slowed in recent years.2)The spatial distribution of landscape stability shows clear aggregation patterns,with lower stability concentrated in economically active flatlands and higher stability in the mountainous western regions.3)By 2040,further urban expansion is predicted to occur alongside increased landscape integration,reflecting the positive effects of ecological protection strategies.This study highlights the universal challenges of balancing economic growth with ecological stability in rapidly urbanizing regions.The combination of advanced simulation models and spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates a replicable framework for assessing urban expansion's ecological impacts.These findings underscore the importance of tailoring urban planning and ecological policies to address regional disparities,providing valuable insights for sustainable urban development and landscape management globally.
文摘Sustainable urban development nowadays requires the consideration of vegetation,particularly green spaces,for thewell-beingof thepopulationand thequalityof life.It iswiththispurpose a studywas conducted in the city of Ketou,Benin,to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of the wooded landscape and its influencing factors,with a viewto sustainable urban planning.Using remote sensing andGeographic Information Systems,Landsat TM,ETM,and OLI/TIRS satellite images were processed using the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm in Environment for Visualizing Images(ENVI)5.0 to assess land use changes from 2003 to 2023.A socio-economic survey was also carried out on a sample of seventy 70 residents to identify the causes of vegetation changes,their economic impacts,and residents’perceptions.The results reveal six(06)types of land uses which are clear forests,wooded and shrub savannas,mosaics of culture and fallow,land under palm trees,watercourses and built-up areas.These uses have changed between 2003 and 2023,to the detriment of built-up areas,which saw a significant increase in their area,rising from 384 ha in 2003 to 1462 ha in 2013 and from 1462 to 2056 ha in 2023,an increase of(+1672 ha).This shows that the study area has been heavily urbanized.This dynamic is influenced by two(02)direct factors,namely:wood exploitation in various forms(80%)and urbanization(75.7%),and four indirect factors,namely:agriculture(44%),the collection of nontimber forest products(NTFPs),the commercialization ofNTFPs and wood(timber and fuelwood)(12.85%),and crafts(11.42%).Despite the residents’awareness of the environmental impact of vegetation destruction,they continue their actions.This highlights the need for the implementation of new sustainable management strategies,such as reasonable urbanization policies and agricultural methods adapted to the environment.This information remains a contribution to science,which policymakers should consider for the sustainable management of urban tree landscapes for the wellbeing of residents.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC3012702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42371014)+2 种基金Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Slope Habitat Construction Technique Using Cement-based Materials Open Research Program(Grant No.2022SNJ11)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42201094)Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation(China Three Gorges University)Open Research Program(Grant No.2022KJZ12)。
文摘The relationship between landslides,land use,and sediment connectivity is not only a critical interdisciplinary topic,but also remains a challenging issue in assessing dynamic landslide susceptibility within reservoir areas.To explore the interactions among landslide,land use changes,and sediment dynamic,this study took Zigui Basin,the head area of the Three Gorges Reservoir,as the study area to examine this triadic relationship by single-factor detection and interactive detection.Here,we utilized Dynamic Attitude(DA)analysis to quantify land use changes and applied the Index of Connectivity(IC)to assess sediment connectivity evolution from 2018 to 2023.A multi-temporal analysis using the Landslide Susceptibility Index(LSI)was conducted to evaluate the degree of transformation in the three objects and the influence of these changes on the landslide susceptibility.According to the spatial analyst and statistics tools in ArcGIS,the results reveal that most of the landslides distributed in areas with high land use dynamic attitude,such as cultivated land transfers to forestland or garden plot,and the garden plot continuously increased across the study period with largest variation of 5%and an increment of 1.9%.Furthermore,linkage between land use and sediment transport can be effectively quantified by IC,and the resulting map indicated that garden plot increased,and catchment channel characteristics had a greater influence on the IC value than differences in vegetation cover.A comprehensive evaluation of the differences among the susceptibility maps reveals that the very high susceptibility classes are predominantly influenced by enhanced connectivity,whereas land use change has a greater effect on medium-low susceptibility region than that of sediment evolution.That is,both changes of land use and connectivity have positively correlated with landslide activity,but they exhibit differential influences on landslides susceptibility.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20CMZ033)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU24ZZ125).
文摘Mountainous minority regions in China,characterized by abundant natural and cultural resources,ecologically fragile environments,and often geographically remote locations,pose distinct developmental challenges and opportunities.Despite the complexity and typicality of Chinese mountainous ethnic minority regions in terms of eco-cultural tourism and land use dynamics,the interplay among tourism development,land use changes,and landscape ecological risk in these specific contexts has received insufficient attention.To explore how eco-cultural tourism development in ethnic minority mountainous regions affects land use and landscape ecology,this study investigates the evolution of land use in Southeast Guizhou Province from 1980-2020,integrating GIS spatial analysis,the landscape pattern index and landscape ecological risk index analysis.Over the past four decades(1980-2020),eco-cultural tourism has driven significant land use transformations characterized by substantial expansion of building land,growth of ecological land(notably forest land and water areas),and reduction of cultivated land.Concurrently,landscape ecological risk evolved through distinct phases-showing an overall increase during 1980-2000 with expanding medium-risk zones,followed by stabilization from 2000-2020.Tourism development accelerated these land transitions while fostering multifunctional compound land uses,enhancing both land value and utilization efficiency.Crucially,eco-cultural tourism in ethnic regions demonstrates capacity to reconcile ecological conservation with economic development,providing transferable models for similar regions globally.
文摘This study was conducted to devise an integrated methodology for retrieval of surface soilmoisture(SSM)using Landsat 8 TIRS data.For this purpose,Landsat 8 images of 15 May 2021(pre-monsoon)and 20 November 2021(post-monsoon)were processed for retrieval of soil moisture index(SMI)based on land surface temperature(LST).Moreover,field-based SM in the laboratory was also determined and correlated with satellite-based SMI.A moderate correlation between field-based SM and satellite-based SMI with R2=0.60 was obtained.Based on this relationship,SSM maps of Tehsil Faisalabad Saddar for the pre-and post-monsoon seasons of 2021 were developed.Significant variations in the spatial distribution of SSM of Tehsil Faisalabad Saddar(total area of 1492.45 km^(2))for pre-and postmonsoon seasons were observed.In the pre-monsoon season,68.1% of the area of Faisalabad Saddar showed SSM contents ranging from 10.37%to 15.40%.Only 8.7%of the total area of Faisalabad Saddar exhibited SSM in the range of 15.41%-22.82%in the pre-monsoon season.It was astonishing to notice that no area in Faisalabad Saddar was detected with SSMabove 22.82% in the pre-monsoon season.However,in the post-monsoon season,only 0.11%of the total study area exhibited SSM in the range of 0.0%to 26.97%.The maximum area(52.29%of the total area)in post-monsoon season exhibited SSMranging from 36.18%to 40.02%,followed by 32.02%-36.17%(34.3% of the total area).The study concluded that satellite-based retrieval of surface soil moisture realistically monitored the variations in soil moisture due to the onset of the monsoon season.The novel methodology developed in this study could be helpful for policy making regarding groundwater recharge and its sustainable use in an area,as well as for estimating surface soilmoisture to provide irrigation scheduling and crop management guidelines.
文摘Many agricultural landscapes have been formed through the interaction and co-evolution of nature and people, and represent the living landscapes shaped over time through intensive and continuous human cultivation. Terraced paddy fields are being re-evaluated to take into account the multiple functions they fill beyond only rice cultivation, particularly their contribution to the national biodiversity strategy of Japan. Since the 1990 s, terraced paddy fields have been considered a representative cultural landscape of Japan and, at the same time, multi-stakeholder conservation activities have been conducted throughout Japan to reverse the increasing abandonment of terraces. Shiroyone Senmaida is an outstanding cultural landscape and a major tourist attraction in Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, which was designated through an initiative by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot site in 2011. It is important to clarify tourist preference for terraced paddy field landscapes to contribute to future policy making toward improved agricultural landscape conservation. A key finding of this study is that tourists visiting toenjoy the agricultural landscape are also concerned on the sustainability of the farming methods and preferred to maintain the naturalness of the landscape. Respondents with higher educational levels and greater concern for the biological and traditional farming knowledge aspects of the rice terraces were also more inclined to favor sustainable farming practices. Tourists preferred to maintain the naturalness and rurality of the agricultural landscape, and indicated that construction of excessive tourist facilities would cause the landscape to deteriorate. It was suggested that the local community and surroundings, including rural settlements, hills, and forests, should also be conserved together with the scenic terrace.
基金USGS Geographic Research and Applications Programthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Landscape Ecology Program in Las Vegas (Interagency Agreement DW14938108-01-0)and the NASA Land Cover/Land Use Change Program
文摘Landscape ecology and landscape pattern analysis are important components of national-scale programs to identify trends in land cover change because: 1) Statistics on changes in land cover proportions are not spatial. A change matrix derived from GIS provides useful information, but it does not show the spatial form of change in the landscape. Landscape pattern metrics reveal spatial pattern. 2) A growing body of literature has shown that a change in landscape pattern might indicate important changes in ecological functions: forest connectivity and species movements, number and size of farm patches, effects on water quality. Spatial pattern is important in structuring ecological communities and in maintaining existence of competitors. Spatial pattern may be determined by disturbance and may in turn, determine how disturbances propagate through the system. 3) Sometimes landscape pattern may not significantly change, even though land cover proportions do change. Or, vice-versa, sometimes landscape pattern can significantly change, even though land cover proportions don't significantly change. 4) Landscape pattern is an inherent and important part of describing landscapes: based on the literature, one of the most important descriptive characteristics of a landscape is its texture. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) Explain the importance of the role of landscape ecology and landscape pattern analysis in land cover change studies; 2) Review the literature that specifically incorporates landscape ecology into land cover change studies; and 3) List the theoretical and technical issues involved and suggest solutions for them.
基金Fundation project:National key R&D program(2017YFB0502705)Special funds for basic scientific research business expenses in central colleges and universities(2572018BA02)
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271116)。
文摘As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes,yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape level remain understudied,impeding conservation practice.Here,using survey data collected across 14 inland lakes in Jiangsu Province in 2022,we calculated wintering waterbirds diversity(taxonomic,functional,phylogenetic)and assembly patterns(MPD/MNTD of functional and phylogenetic).Then,we interpreted satellite imagery of lake areas and buffer zones(5 km),and partitioned them into three land-use and landscape index categories(anthropogenic,ecological,and lake landscape).Finally,we employed multiple linear regression and hierarchical partitioning to explain the influence of landscape scales on wintering waterbird communities.Our results showed that the diversity and assembly of regional wintering waterbird communities tended to be consistent across taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic dimensions.The standardized diversity indices indicated that functional assembly of communities tends to be clustered at both local and regional scale.In contrast,the phylogenetic structure showed a predominantly overdispersed pattern in most lakes at the local scale,while neutral processes dominated at the regional scale.Modeling showed that selected variables explained waterbird diversity and assembly well.Lake fragmentation increased species evenness but reduced other diversity indices,while landscape evenness was negatively associated with functional and phylogenetic assembly.Among anthropogenic factors,aquaculture ponds and impervious surfaces reduced all diversity dimensions,whereas cropland connectivity enhanced phylogenetic diversity.These factors had consistent effects on community assembly.For ecological variables,grassland area enhanced functional and phylogenetic diversity but led to more clustered functional assembly.Overall,maintaining the integrity and connectivity of lakes and their surrounding landscapes is essential for sustaining waterbird diversity and guiding wetland restoration.
文摘Jaipur,India,is experiencing rapid urbanization that is significantly altering its land use and land cover(LULC)patterns,presenting both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development and socio-economic advancement.This study utilizes advanced geospatial and remote sensing technologies to assess these changes and project future scenarios.Specifically,satellite data were processed using Google Earth Engine,land cover was accurately classified using the Random Forest algorithm,and future projections were modeled through QGIS-MOLUSCE using a polynomial-based Cellular Automata–Artificial Neural Network(CA-ANN)approach.Analysis of Landsat imagery for the years 2000 and 2020 reveals a dramatic 188.59%increase in urban built-up areas and a 145.44%rise in vegetation cover,largely due to successful afforestation efforts.Meanwhile,barren land declined by 47.37%,and water bodies exhibited fluctuating trends,reflecting the intricate interplay between urban development and climatic variability.Looking ahead to 2045,model projections estimate that built-up areas will expand to approximately 1303.08 square kilometres,potentially threatening the integrity of vital green spaces and aquatic ecosystems.These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated policy interventions aimed at mitigating environmental risks such as urban heat island effects and biodiversity loss.By providing a detailed account of past and present LULC dynamics,this research delivers actionable,data-driven insights to support sustainable urban planning.Moreover,the integration of urban growth models with climate resilience strategies offers a replicable framework for managing urban expansion in other rapidly developing cities,particularly those situated in semi-arid regions.
文摘Taking advantage of remote sensing(RS) technology and geographic information system(GIS) technology to interpret the four periods' data of remote sensing images of Pearl River Estuary in the years of 1990,1995,2000,and 2005,the changes in land utilization and landscape layout of Pearl River Estuary have been analyzed with reference to land utilization dynamic model and quantitative method in landscape ecology.Results indicate several points as followings.①Located in the region typical of high-speed economic development,Pearl River Estuary shows noticeable changes in land types and evident spatial temporal difference.During these 15 years,the areas of cultivated land and forests have experienced dramatic decline while the land for construction purposes shows the trend of powerful increase.②On the prospect of variation,landscape metrics have indicated great differences among other landscape pattern indices except for Area-Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension(AWMPFD) especially during the period from 1990 to 1995 which experiences the most obvious changes.③On the prospect of landscape,landscape pattern indices also indicate great changes in the landscape layout of Pearl River Estuary from 1990 to 2005 as well as noticeable increase in the number of patches,and various landscape pattern indices show the increase in the degree of regional landscape fragmentation and increase in diversity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377458 and 41907411).
文摘The Leymus chinensis grassland is one of themost widely distributed associations in the warmtemperate grassland and due to overgrazing in recent years,it has experienced varying degrees of degradation.Vegetative regeneration via bud banks serves as the primaryway of vegetation reproduction in the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.However,the role of the bud bank in the vegetation regeneration of grazing grassland remains unclear.Based on the relationship between the under-ground bud bank and above-ground vegetation of L.chinensis grassland under different grazing stages,this study aimed to explore whether the grazing grassland could self-recover through the existing bud bank.The findings revealed that the bud density initially increased and then decreased with increasing grazing intensity,indicating that appropriate grazing promoted vegetation renewal.Moreover,grazing significantly influenced the composition of the bud bank:during the early grazing stage,the rhizome buds accounted for the main part,and tiller buds dominated during the mid-stage grazing;while during the late-stage grazing,root-sprouting buds prevailed.The meristem restriction index for light,moderate,and heavy grazing grasslands was close to one;conversely,overgrazing and extreme overgrazing grasslands exhibited the highermeristemrestriction index(2.00,3.19),suggesting that plant regeneration was constrained by bud banks under light-grazing conditions where regenerate rates failed to meet above-ground modular’s recovery requirements following overgrazing and extreme overgrazing events.Consequently,moderate grazing grasslands could achieve natural community recovery by continuously adjusting their vegetative regeneration strategies.Understanding the role of bud banks in vegetative regeneration in grazing grassland will not only supply theoretical support for the ecological succession process of degraded grassland but also provide practical experience for the sustainable management of the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.
基金supported by the project China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2024M760408the project Research on Artificial Recruitment,Rescue and Breeding of Scaly-sided Merganser from Jilin Forestry and Grassland Bureau and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (2412024QD021)。
文摘The process of agricultural intensification has led to significant reductions in biodiversity globally.Previous studies examined the role of semi-natural habitats within agroecosystems in supporting bird communities,but few have considered the effects of landscape agricultural intensity on avian conservation potential of seminatural habitats.Here,we disentangle the relative effects of semi-natural habitats within different landscape agricultural intensities on bird community composition in central and eastern Jilin Province,China.We established 322 sampling sites distributed across low,middle,and high landscape agricultural intensities,with 103,118,and 101 sites respectively.Each sampling site was visited two times in May and June 2023 to test the dissimilarities in bird composition between different landscape agricultural intensities.We found that middleintensity agriculture supported the highest bird diversity in most cases,but low-intensity plays an important role in maintaining insectivorous birds.We used generalized linear models and model selection to assess the relative impacts of semi-natural habitats on bird community along agricultural intensity respectively.Our results showed that the effects of agriculture on bird communities were predominantly influenced by the amount of semi-natural habitats,with effects that differ in accordance with the level of landscape agricultural intensity.Priority should be given to preserve or/and plant these semi-natural habitats in middle-intensity agriculture due to the stronger effect sizes on bird diversity.Specifically,we suggested preserving and promoting woodlands and shrubs in high-intensity agriculture,and simultaneously increasing crop diversity to protect bird diversity in agriculture landscapes in the context of increasing crop intensification globally.
