In order to explore the regional variability of the effects of land use systems on soil properties, Shouyang County in Shanxi Province and Danling County in Sichuan Province of China were selected as the study areas. ...In order to explore the regional variability of the effects of land use systems on soil properties, Shouyang County in Shanxi Province and Danling County in Sichuan Province of China were selected as the study areas. Field soil samples of the four land use systems （natural forest, forest plantation, shrubland, and cropland） were collected, respectively, from the two areas. The general statistical tools were used to analyze soil data. The results showed that the influence of land use systems on soil properties was significant. In general, soils in slightly human-disturbed land use systems presented a higher fertility level than those in strongly human-disturbed land use systems in both areas. Furthermore, the impacts of the same land use systems on soil properties showed a distinct regional variability, and even in the same land use system, different farming systems and site management measures （such as irrigation, fertilization, and pesticides） could also lead to the regional heterogeneity in soil properties. The regional variability of land use effects on soil properties reveals the regional variability of the effects of human activities on environmental changes, and could explain the complex relationship between humans and the natural environment in certain ways.展开更多
The obstacles to urban land development caused by Chinese immature land use system are explored. Key features of the dual land use system are analyzed on base of the constructing model of the dual land market in Chine...The obstacles to urban land development caused by Chinese immature land use system are explored. Key features of the dual land use system are analyzed on base of the constructing model of the dual land market in Chinese cities, in which market-based allocation including negotiation, tender and auction conveyance and non-market administrative allocation coexist. Some suggestions for solving the problems are brought forward after illustrating by facts problems existing in Chongqing抯 land market that the administratively allocated land is difficult to be collocated optimally and the black market is harmful to urban land development. In conclusion the land use system reformation is a complicated systems engineering involving interactions among various factors. Government to institute and execute corresponding policies is important to establish a uniform land market system.展开更多
The Cuvelai Basin of north-central Namibia consists of unique seasonal wetlands made up of shallow pans locally known as Iishana （Oshana, singular） which form ephemeral network systems. The basin has relatively fert...The Cuvelai Basin of north-central Namibia consists of unique seasonal wetlands made up of shallow pans locally known as Iishana （Oshana, singular） which form ephemeral network systems. The basin has relatively fertile soils encouraging human settlements. More than 40% of the country＇s population resides in the basin. Early settlers in the basin utilized indigenous knowledge to develop land use systems that were in harmony with biophysical characteristics of the area. Over the years, there has been a departure from these indigenous land use systems resulting in land management problems. A desktop study coupled with field observations was conducted to describe the indigenous land use systems of the Owambo people living in the basin, and to determine factors behind the departure and consequential impacts of this departure on sustainability of land uses. Possible ways of preventing erosion of this indigenous knowledge were given attention. The paper recommends that the Owamboindigenous land management system needs to be embedded within government policies and regulations and should be strictly enforced. There is also a need for designing strategic basin management plans that are a combination of both scientific and indigenous knowledge.展开更多
Climate change and food security are among the pressing challenges facing humanity in the 21</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="fo...Climate change and food security are among the pressing challenges facing humanity in the 21</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, total nitrogen (TN), texture, and bulk density (BD) are important soil properties, which control climate change. Three land use systems (smallholder </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">farmlands</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, grazing land</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and forest lands) that coexist in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bamenda Highlands (BH) influence ecosystem</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> services and induce soil degradation with the loss of SOC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of SOC and some soil physicochemical properties as affected by the three land use systems (LUS). A total of 21 composite soil samples collected from 7 microclimatic zones of BH following “S” shape plots to the depth of 0 - 30 cm, were analysed for moisture content (MC), SOC, TN, BD, available phosphorus (Av.P), pH and texture. The results revealed that grazing land had the lowest mean sand content (40.79 ± 4.07). Mean MC, TN</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> SOC (%) content were significantly higher </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in forest land than those </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the grazing land </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and smallholder farmlands</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Conversely, BD and Av.P were significantly higher</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05)</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in smallholder farmlands than grazing and forest lands probably due to different</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> litter accumulation and agricultural practices. </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Moisture content and TN revealed positive significant correlations (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05) with SOC, while BD and Av.P revealed negative significant correlations (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Mean SOC density in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smallholder farmlands (132.91 ± 9.48 tC/ha)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lowest among the three land use types. Losses in CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> equivalence, as a result of land use change </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from forest lands to smallholder farmlands</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 137.33 t/ha while that from </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grazing lands to smallholder farmlands were</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 109.13 t/ha. </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Total organic carbon (TOC) stocks differed significantly (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05) from smallholder farmlands (10.73 Mt) to forest lands (91.13 Mt)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. A sustainable farming</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> technique that enhances SOC sequestration and minimizes soil CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> emissions is therefore recommended to replace tillage ridges formation commonly practiced by smallholder farmers.展开更多
Mapping the spatial distribution of soil nitrate-nitrogen （NO3=N） is important to guide nitrogen application as well as to assess environmental risk of NO3-N leaching into the groundwater. We employed univariate and...Mapping the spatial distribution of soil nitrate-nitrogen （NO3=N） is important to guide nitrogen application as well as to assess environmental risk of NO3-N leaching into the groundwater. We employed univariate and hybrid geostatistical methods to map the spatial distribution of soil NO3-N across a landscape in northeast Florida. Soil samples were collected from four depth increments （0-30, 30-60, 60-120 and 120-180 cm） from 147 sampling locations identified using a stratified random and nested sampling design based on soil, land use and elevation strata. Soil NO3-N distributions in the top two layers were spatially autocorrelated and mapped using lognormal kriging. Environmental correlation models for NO3-N prediction were derived using linear and non-linear regression methods, and employed to develop NO3-N trend maps. Land use and its related variables derived from satellite imagery were identified as important variables to predict NO3-N using environmental correlation models. While lognormal kriging produced smoothly varying maps, trend maps derived from environmental correlation models generated spatially heterogeneous maps. Trend maps were combined with ordinary kriging predictions of trend model residuals to develop regression kriging prediction maps, which gave the best NO3-N predictions. As land use and remotely sensed data are readily available and have much finer spatial resolution compared to field sampled soils, our findings suggested the efficacy of environmental correlation models based on land use and remotely sensed data for landscape scale mapping of soil NO3-N. The methodologies implemented are transferable for mapping of soil NO3-N in other landscapes.展开更多
Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small ...Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small estuaries and bays located in undeveloped coastal areas.This study provides insights into the fate of antibiotics in these small and scattered estuaries and bays in Shantou's coast,driven by land use types and hydrodynamic conditions.The findings indicated that estuaries were more heavily polluted with antibiotics than the bays(P<0.05),with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as the primary antibiotics.Antibiotic pollution levels were more severe in October than in June(P<0.01).Rainfall runoff,aquaculture tailwater,and river discharge were identified as the main sources of antibiotic pollution.Build-up land and aquaculture ponds were the primary land use types contributing to antibiotic pollution.The total antibiotic concentrations in June were positively correlated with the proportion of aquaculture ponds(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with the proportions of cropland and grassland(P<0.05).The concentrations of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were positively correlated with build-up land.The antibiotic concentrations exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity within both bay and estuarine ecosystems driven by different hydrodynamic conditions.A comparative analysis of global estuaries and bays revealed that specific land-use types and hydrodynamic conditions produced similar trends in antibiotic fate.These insights offered new perspectives to safeguard the health of estuarine and bay ecosystems,such as altering landscape patterns and regulating aquaculture activities.展开更多
Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In ...Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In this study,the effect of land use type on carbon storage and fractionation was quantified based on organic carbon and its^(13)C abundance at the microscale of soil aggregates and density fractions in Tibetan alpine ecosystems.The sequence of soil aggregate destruction in the land use types of plantation(13.1%)<shrubland(32.7%)<grassland(47.9%)<farmland(61.8%)shows that plantations strengthen the soil structure.Plantation land had a greater contribution of light fraction organic carbon(28.3%)but a lower contribution of mineral-associated organic carbon(40.6%)to the carbon stock compared to farmland(13.5 and 70.3%).Interestingly,plantation land enhanced the aggregational differentiation of organic carbon and^(13)C in each density fraction,whereas no such phenomenon existed in the soil organic carbon.Carbon isotope analyses revealed that carbon transfer in the plantation land occurred from the light fraction in macroaggregates(–24.9‰)to the mineral-associated fraction in microaggregates(–19.9‰).When compared to the other three land use types,the low transferability of carbon in aggregates and density fractions in plantation land provides a stable carbon pool for the Tibetan Plateau.This study shows that plantations can mitigate global climate change by slowing carbon transfer and increasing carbon storage at the microscale of aggregates and density fractions in alpine regions.展开更多
The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterize...The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterized by extensive red soil development and high rainfall erosivity,making it a representative landscape for exploring the interactions between land use change(LUC)and ecosystem services(ES).Despite the recognized importance of ES in hilly regions,comprehensive assessing the impacts of LUC on ES remain limited.This study investigates five key ES:water yield,soil conservation,carbon conservation,food supply,and habitat quality in GJF region from 2000 to 2020.By applying the InVEST model and the Geodetector method,we assessed the trade-offs,synergies,and transitions among ES,identified the natural and social drivers of ES dynamics,and quantified the contribution of LUC to ES changes using the ecosystem service contribution index.The results showed that cropland and woodland were the dominant land use types.Ecological restoration efforts positively influenced ES,with synergies intensifying and trade-offs diminishing over time.Land use conversions,particularly among woodland,grassland,and cropland,exerted significant impacts on ES.In particular,the conversion of woodland to other land uses had markedly negative effects on soil conservation,carbon conservation,and habitat quality.Forest cover was identified as a major driver of ES dynamics.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining and expanding forest and grassland cover,strengthening red soil conservation,and optimizing land use structure to achieve coordinated ecological protection and socioeconomic development in the subtropical hilly regions of southern China.展开更多
Vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems as a carbon sink is a crucial factor in mitigating global warming and reaching carbon neutrality targets,although the drivers of net ecosystem productivity(NEP)under combined human...Vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems as a carbon sink is a crucial factor in mitigating global warming and reaching carbon neutrality targets,although the drivers of net ecosystem productivity(NEP)under combined human and environmental pressures remain poorly understood.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of NEP in the Horqin Sandy Land,China from 2000 to 2020,and observed the variation in NEP across different land use types.We further identified and quantified the effects of human activities,topographical features,climatic conditions,and soil properties on NEP through the application of structural equation modeling(SEM)and boosted regression trees(BRT).The results showed that the multi-year average NEP ranged from–137.79 to 461.96 g C/m^(2) in the Horqin Sandy Land,with 88.21%of the area showing a significant increasing trend.Among different land use types,forestland exhibited the highest NEP values,followed by cropland,grassland,impervious land,and unused land.The NEP in carbon sink areas was primarily regulated by potential evapotranspiration(negatively correlated)and precipitation(positively correlated).Slope was identified as the most significant positive determinant in carbon source areas.Forestland exhibited climate–topography interactions driving NEP,whereas cropland and grassland relied on temperature;unused land and impervious land were susceptible to land use/cover change and human footprint.This study has significant implications for maintaining the carbon sink function and promoting ecological engineering programs that aim to enhance the capacity of terrestrial carbon sinks in the semi-arid agro-pastoral ecotone.展开更多
Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for maintaining equilibrium in the global carbon cycle.Land use and land cover change(LUCC),which is influenced mainly by urbanization and ecological policies,impacts terrestrial ecosy...Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for maintaining equilibrium in the global carbon cycle.Land use and land cover change(LUCC),which is influenced mainly by urbanization and ecological policies,impacts terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage significantly.In this study,spatiotemporal carbon storage changes in the urban belt along the Yellow River in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,were estimated through a model that integrated patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs(InVEST)models from 1993 to 2033.The results revealed that:(1)from 1993 to 2023,the expansion of built-up land and cropland was derived mainly from unused land and grassland,whereas water body and woodland remained relatively stable.Projections to 2033 have indicated that LUCC will continue and be concentrated primarily in the Ningxia Plain;(2)carbon storage increased by a net 5.01×10^(6) Mg C from 1993 to 2023;(3)the spatial distribution of carbon storage revealed that high-value areas were predominantly located in the Helan Mountains and the Ningxia Plain,whereas low-value areas were found in the Tengger Desert;(4)scenario projections indicated that by 2033,the ecological protection scenario(EPS)would achieve a 0.18×10^(6) Mg C increase by reducing the conversion of woodland to cropland and grassland to built-up land,while increasing the conversion of unused land to grassland.In contrast,the natural development scenario(NDS),cropland protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)decreased carbon storage by 0.60×10^(6),0.21×10^(6),and 0.42×10^(6) Mg C,respectively;and(5)spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that high–high carbon storage clusters formed belt-like patterns along the Ningxia Plain and the Helan Mountains,whereas the low–low carbon storage clusters were concentrated in northern Zhongwei City,western Qingtongxia City,western Dawukou District,and the urbanized areas within the central Ningxia Plain.Overall,the study results revealed the close coupling relationship between LUCC and carbon storage functions.Furthermore,the study establishes a framework for carbon management that balances ecological protection with coordinated urban development for the urban belt as well as for similar arid and semi-arid areas.On the basis of these findings,this study provides decision-makers with guidance to optimize ecosystem carbon storage via land use,which plays a key role in developing future land use policies and achieving the"dual carbon"goals.展开更多
Land use in arid and semi-arid regions has a substantial effect on climate,environment,and biodiversity,thereby projecting the spatiotemporal changes in land use and the subsequent effects.This study employed the loca...Land use in arid and semi-arid regions has a substantial effect on climate,environment,and biodiversity,thereby projecting the spatiotemporal changes in land use and the subsequent effects.This study employed the locally calibrated Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model,which coupled system dynamics with cellular automata and integrated an artificial neural network algorithm and a roulette wheel selection mechanism.We projected future land use(2020–2100)dynamics of Lanzhou,a typical river valley city in Northwest China,under three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5).The simulation results were validated and subsequently reclassified using the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme(IGBP)system to produce a dataset suitable for driving climatic and environmental models.Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario,urban and built-up land expanded consistently,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland contracted continuously.Conversely,the SSP5-8.5 scenario was characterized by a contraction of urban and built-up land,and relative stability of irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland.The SSP2-4.5 scenario presented a more complex trade-off,where urban and built-up land and grassland increased first and then decreased,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture followed an opposite trajectory.A significant inverse relationship between urban and built-up land and irrigated cropland and pasture was observed under all scenarios,underscoring the fundamental spatial competition that prevailed in this land-constrained valley city.Furthermore,the negative correlation of grassland with urban and built-up land,coupled with the positive correlation of grassland with irrigated cropland and pasture under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,indicated an evolution from broad confrontation to intricate internal trade-offs within the urban–agricultural–ecological system.This study underscored the critical influence of regional topographic and hydrological constraints on land-use evolution in arid regions,providing guidance for water resource management and ecosystem protection in Lanzhou,with applications for sustainable land-use planning in other arid and semi-arid river valley cities.展开更多
This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical enviro...This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical environmental challenges like pollution,heat stress,land degradation etc.The study aims to enhance understanding of how diverse land use patterns influence thermal comfort by utilising satellite data from the Landsat/Resourcesat series for classification and MODIS for land surface temperature(LST)extraction.The findings highlight that regions with dense construction and limited green and blue spaces tend to experience lower levels of climatic comfort,with 17.17 Percent of Delhi’s geographical area feeling the adverse effects of the Urban Heat Island(UHI)phenomenon.On a positive note,40.20 Percent of the area is associated with high climatic comfort,primarily due to natural features such as vegetation and water bodies.Furthermore,the research indicates a noteworthy increase in land surface temperatures(LST)from 2000 to 2022,with peak recorded temperatures rising from 38.35℃ in 2000 to 47.27℃ in 2022.In summary,this study emphasises the importance of understanding and addressing the UHI effect in urban settings,providing constructive recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders dedicated to fostering improved livability and sustainability in urban environments.展开更多
As a tropical island confronting the dual imperatives of tourism-driven economic growth and ecological vulnerability,Hainan's land-use sustainability critically impacts both regional development and coastal ecosys...As a tropical island confronting the dual imperatives of tourism-driven economic growth and ecological vulnerability,Hainan's land-use sustainability critically impacts both regional development and coastal ecosystem security.This study employs a coupled PLUS-InVEST modeling framework to analyze land-use changes and habitat quality dynamics from 2000 to 2020,projecting ecological outcomes under three development scenarios for 2030.Key findings reveal:(1)A persistent bimodal habitat distribution pattern,with high-quality areas concentrated in the central forest zone and degraded areas in coastal peripheries,exhibiting a continuous decline over the 20-year period.(2)Accelerated urbanization between 2010 and 2020 resulted in the conversion of ecological land to construction use,correlating strongly with habitat fragmentation intensity.(3)Baseline projections for 2030 indicate that construction land will dominate new conversions.(4)Ecological protection scenarios demonstrate recoverable habitat potentials,particularly within coastal buffer zones.These findings provide empirical validation of scenario-driven land-use planning as a viable tool for island ecosystems,highlighting the critical need to balance tourism infrastructure development with coastal conservation imperatives in tropical island sustainability management.This methodology advances spatial decision-making for balancing island economic growth with biodiversity preservation,offering replicable strategies for global island ecosystems facing similar sustainability challenges.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon ...Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon storage across different soil types,and identifying effective land management practices for enhanced carbon accumulation is essential for reducing agricultural emissions and strengthening carbon sinks.This study examined SOC variations in eastern Yunnan’s subtropical highlands(2,132 sites),analyzing topsoil(0–20 cm)across five land uses(dryland,irrigated land,forestland,grassland and plantation)of five soil types(red,yellow,yellowbrown,brown,purple).The investigation explored relationships between SOC and edaphic factors(26 elements)to determine SOC influencing factors.The study area demonstrated a mean SOC content of 27.78 g kg^(–1),with distinct spatial heterogeneity characterized by lower values in the southwestern sector and higher concentrations in the northeastern region.Brown soils displayed the highest SOC content(P<0.05),followed by yellow-brown then red,yellow,and purple soils.Irrigation significantly enhanced SOC storage,particularly in brown soils where irrigated land contained 2.2-,2.4-,and 1.6-times higher SOC than forestland,grassland,and dryland,respectively.Similar irrigation benefits occurred in purple,yellow,and yellow-brown soils,indicating moisture limitation as the primary SOC constraint.Notably,SOC exhibited strong positive correlations with nitrogen,sulfur,and selenium.Nitrogen fertilization demonstrated dual benefits:enhancing SOC sequestration and promoting Se enrichment in crops,potentially supporting specialty agriculture.Although land use impacts on SOC varied across soil types(P>0.05),irrigation consistently emerged as the optimal management for carbon sink enhancement.These findings suggest that targeted water management could effectively reduce farmland carbon emissions in moisture-limited subtropical highlands.Strategic nitrogen application offers co-benefits for soil fertility and selenium biofortification,providing practical pathways for climate-smart agriculture in similar ecoregions.展开更多
The growing demand for land to accommodate renewable energy infrastructure has intensified competition with biodiversity conservation, agriculture, and ecosystem services. In Portugal, electricity system decarbonisati...The growing demand for land to accommodate renewable energy infrastructure has intensified competition with biodiversity conservation, agriculture, and ecosystem services. In Portugal, electricity system decarbonisation relies heavily on utility-scale solar energy(USSE) facilities, yet the spatial extent of land transformation associated with photovoltaic development has not been systematically assessed. This study provides an assessment of the land occupancy of USSE facilities and associated land use and land cover(LULC) changes in continental Portugal over the past two decades, as well as their spatial relationship with areas designated for land and nature conservation. A geospatial database of USSE installations(≥1 MW) was developed through the integration of multiple data sources using geographic information systems(GIS). The geometric consistency of spatial features was ensured through harmonisation and validation procedures involving GIS-based corrections supported by Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Spatial overlay analyses were conducted with multitemporal LULC datasets and with land-use planning constraints, including areas classified for nature conservation, ecological reserves, and agricultural reserves. The results indicate that USSE deployment has been predominantly located in the southern regions of Portugal, although the location of planned projects indicates a northward shift. The implementation of USSE facilities has been mainly associated with LULC changes in forest land, agricultural areas, pastures and shrubland. Spatial overlaps were observed with areas classified within the national ecological and agricultural reserves.These patterns may be indicative of growing land-use conflicts, but the extent to which these developments align with land-use planning objectives and conservation priorities requires further examination.展开更多
Land use conflicts(LUCs)pose a major challenge to urbanization,and their effective regulation is essential for promoting sustainable regional land use.However,the influence of urban development on conflicts has often ...Land use conflicts(LUCs)pose a major challenge to urbanization,and their effective regulation is essential for promoting sustainable regional land use.However,the influence of urban development on conflicts has often been overlooked.This study developed an index system from three dimensions—agricultural production,residential life,and ecological security—and quantified LUCs in China using spatial statistics and a coupling relationship matrix.It further explored the spatial relationships between conflict types and urban built-up areas(UBA)through accessibility analysis,and applied regression analysis to reveal the spatial evolution of conflicts from an urban-scale perspective.The results showed that agricultural-construction conflicts were concentrated in the eastern plains,while agricultural-ecological conflicts prevailed in the mountainous areas in the western region.Spatial distribution of the distance from conflicts to UBA(DCU)exhibited a clear east-west gradient,being closer in the east(less than 20 km)and farther in the west.Between 2000 and 2020,LUCs moved progressively closer to UBA,except in the ecologically fragile western region.For all urban hierarchies except small cities,the average distance was below 10 km;megacities exhibited the shortest DCU,roughly half that of small cities.Moreover,LUCs displayed significant hierarchical scale effects:as urban size increased,distance tended to decrease in a non-linear pattern,with the steepest decline occurring in central China.Land management authorities should work to curb sprawling urban development.Overall,this study provides new insights into the spatial evolution of LUCs and contributes to more sustainable land use management.展开更多
This study focuses on the vulnerability of soil carbon storage and the ecological restoration processes in karst regions.Given that land-use changes significantly influence the stability and functionality of soil carb...This study focuses on the vulnerability of soil carbon storage and the ecological restoration processes in karst regions.Given that land-use changes significantly influence the stability and functionality of soil carbon pools,this study investigated the vertical and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon(SOC)and its labile fractions under five land-use types in a fragile karst region of Guizhou,China.Soil samples from five depths(0–100 cm)were collected in 2019 and 2020 from agricultural land,abandoned land,shrubland,and middle-aged and over-mature Pinus massoniana forests.Analyses showed that SOC,readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROOC),and watersoluble organic carbon(WSOC)decreased significantly with depth(P<0.001).Mean SOC was 10.51 g·kg^(-1),with the highest topsoil content in agricultural land(13.24–15.14 g·kg^(-1)).Shrubland exhibited the highest surface carbon sequestration efficiency,indicated by a Carbon Management Index(CMI)of 149.37 in the 0–20 cm layer and higher carbon pool activity(L=1.31 at 0–40 cm).Redundancy analysis identified total potassium,total phosphorus,and ROOC as key factors governing CMI variability(97.75%variance explained).The results advocate for stratified land management promoting shrubland for surface carbon sequestration and adopting reduced tillage in agriculture to enhance carbon retention in karst ecosystems.展开更多
Coordinating urban development with the protection of water resources is a serious global challenge faced by countries worldwide.This study constructed the coupled Water Ecological Security Pattern-Future Land Use Sim...Coordinating urban development with the protection of water resources is a serious global challenge faced by countries worldwide.This study constructed the coupled Water Ecological Security Pattern-Future Land Use Simulation(WESP-FLUS) model by integrating methods for identifying water–ecological sensitive areas and simulating land use type changes.Taking the Lanzhou-Baiyin metropolitan area in arid region of northwestern China as a case study,this research simulated land use patterns in 2030 under four development scenarios(natural development,urban economic optimization,ecological conservation priority,and urban-water coordinated development scenarios).The results identified 109.81 km^(2) of water–ecological source areas and 43 water–ecological corridors with a total length of 1255.4 km.Predicted land use patterns for 2030 displayed diverse trends,constrained by water–ecological sensitive areas across different scenarios,with urban built-up land mainly expanding radially around the central urban axis.The urban-water coordinated development scenario was the optimal solution that meets both urban development needs and water–ecological protection objectives.The urban built-up land could reach 546.68 km2 in 2030,representing a 91.39 km^(2) increase compared to 2020.This study aims to improve spatial planning methods under the “determining cities by water” concept,scientifically supporting territorial spatial planning and providing theoretical support for the coupling of urban development and natural environment in water-scarce arid regions.展开更多
Human well-being and livelihoods depend on natural ecosystem services(ESs).Following the increment of population,ESs have been deteriorated over time.Ultimately,land use/land cover(LULC)changes have a profound impact ...Human well-being and livelihoods depend on natural ecosystem services(ESs).Following the increment of population,ESs have been deteriorated over time.Ultimately,land use/land cover(LULC)changes have a profound impact on the change of ecosystem.The primary goal of this study is to determine the impacts of LULC changes on ecosystem service values(ESVs)in the upper Gilgel Abbay watershed,Ethiopia.Changes in LULC types were studied using three Landsat images representing 1986,2003,and 2021.The Landsat images were classified using a supervised image classification technique in Earth Resources Data Analysis System(ERDAS)Imagine 2014.We classified ESs in this study into four categories(including provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services)based on global ES classification scheme.The adjusted ESV coefficient benefit approach was employed to measure the impacts of LULC changes on ESVs.Five LULC types were identified in this study,including cultivated land,forest,shrubland,grassland,and water body.The result revealed that the area of cultivated land accounted for 64.50%,71.50%,and 61.50%of the total area in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.The percentage of the total area covered by forest was 9.50%,5.90%,and 14.80%in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.Result revealed that the total ESV decreased from 7.42×10^(7) to 6.44×10^(7) USD between 1986 and 2003.This is due to the expansion of cultivated land at the expense of forest and shrubland.However,the total ESV increased from 6.44×10^(7) to 7.76×10^(7) USD during 2003-2021,because of the increment of forest and shrubland.The expansion of cultivated land and the reductions of forest and shrubland reduced most individual ESs during 1986-2003.Nevertheless,the increase in forest and shrubland at the expense of cultivated land enhanced many ESs during 2003-2021.Therefore,the findings suggest that appropriate land use practices should be scaled-up to sustainably maintain ESs.展开更多
Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains rel...Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains relatively limited.Focusing on the indirect driving role of policy on LUC,this study proposed County Development Level(CDL)under Major Function Oriented Zone Planning(MFOZP)guidance as an intermediary variable,bridging the implicit influence of MFOZP and the explicit changes in LUC.Using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region in China as a case study,we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of LUC and CDL for the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020,before and after MFOZP implementation.Panel models and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)were employed to explore the mechanism by which CDL influences LUC under MFOZP guidance.The results show that:1)MFOZP implementation effectively alleviates land use pressure from regional development,with LUC continuously declining at a rate of 2.41%,while CDL exhibits slight growth(3.84%),during 2010-2020.2)Under MFOZP guidance,CDL reduces pressure on Land Use Structure Conflict(LUSC)and Land Use Process Conflict(LUPC),enhances its inhibitory effect on Land Use Function Conflict(LUFC),and significantly contributes to LUC coordination,with notable spatial heterogeneity.3)The coupling relationship between CDL and LUC has improved post-implementation.Based on this,tailored LUC coordination strategies are proposed for different functional zones.This study confirms the effectiveness of MFOZP in coordinating LUC and provides a scientific reference for LUC research under policy frameworks and the governance of LUC in the BTH region.展开更多
文摘In order to explore the regional variability of the effects of land use systems on soil properties, Shouyang County in Shanxi Province and Danling County in Sichuan Province of China were selected as the study areas. Field soil samples of the four land use systems （natural forest, forest plantation, shrubland, and cropland） were collected, respectively, from the two areas. The general statistical tools were used to analyze soil data. The results showed that the influence of land use systems on soil properties was significant. In general, soils in slightly human-disturbed land use systems presented a higher fertility level than those in strongly human-disturbed land use systems in both areas. Furthermore, the impacts of the same land use systems on soil properties showed a distinct regional variability, and even in the same land use system, different farming systems and site management measures （such as irrigation, fertilization, and pesticides） could also lead to the regional heterogeneity in soil properties. The regional variability of land use effects on soil properties reveals the regional variability of the effects of human activities on environmental changes, and could explain the complex relationship between humans and the natural environment in certain ways.
文摘The obstacles to urban land development caused by Chinese immature land use system are explored. Key features of the dual land use system are analyzed on base of the constructing model of the dual land market in Chinese cities, in which market-based allocation including negotiation, tender and auction conveyance and non-market administrative allocation coexist. Some suggestions for solving the problems are brought forward after illustrating by facts problems existing in Chongqing抯 land market that the administratively allocated land is difficult to be collocated optimally and the black market is harmful to urban land development. In conclusion the land use system reformation is a complicated systems engineering involving interactions among various factors. Government to institute and execute corresponding policies is important to establish a uniform land market system.
文摘The Cuvelai Basin of north-central Namibia consists of unique seasonal wetlands made up of shallow pans locally known as Iishana （Oshana, singular） which form ephemeral network systems. The basin has relatively fertile soils encouraging human settlements. More than 40% of the country＇s population resides in the basin. Early settlers in the basin utilized indigenous knowledge to develop land use systems that were in harmony with biophysical characteristics of the area. Over the years, there has been a departure from these indigenous land use systems resulting in land management problems. A desktop study coupled with field observations was conducted to describe the indigenous land use systems of the Owambo people living in the basin, and to determine factors behind the departure and consequential impacts of this departure on sustainability of land uses. Possible ways of preventing erosion of this indigenous knowledge were given attention. The paper recommends that the Owamboindigenous land management system needs to be embedded within government policies and regulations and should be strictly enforced. There is also a need for designing strategic basin management plans that are a combination of both scientific and indigenous knowledge.
文摘Climate change and food security are among the pressing challenges facing humanity in the 21</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, total nitrogen (TN), texture, and bulk density (BD) are important soil properties, which control climate change. Three land use systems (smallholder </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">farmlands</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, grazing land</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and forest lands) that coexist in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bamenda Highlands (BH) influence ecosystem</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> services and induce soil degradation with the loss of SOC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of SOC and some soil physicochemical properties as affected by the three land use systems (LUS). A total of 21 composite soil samples collected from 7 microclimatic zones of BH following “S” shape plots to the depth of 0 - 30 cm, were analysed for moisture content (MC), SOC, TN, BD, available phosphorus (Av.P), pH and texture. The results revealed that grazing land had the lowest mean sand content (40.79 ± 4.07). Mean MC, TN</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> SOC (%) content were significantly higher </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in forest land than those </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the grazing land </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and smallholder farmlands</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Conversely, BD and Av.P were significantly higher</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05)</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in smallholder farmlands than grazing and forest lands probably due to different</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> litter accumulation and agricultural practices. </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Moisture content and TN revealed positive significant correlations (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05) with SOC, while BD and Av.P revealed negative significant correlations (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Mean SOC density in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">smallholder farmlands (132.91 ± 9.48 tC/ha)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lowest among the three land use types. Losses in CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> equivalence, as a result of land use change </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from forest lands to smallholder farmlands</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 137.33 t/ha while that from </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grazing lands to smallholder farmlands were</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 109.13 t/ha. </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Total organic carbon (TOC) stocks differed significantly (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05) from smallholder farmlands (10.73 Mt) to forest lands (91.13 Mt)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. A sustainable farming</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> technique that enhances SOC sequestration and minimizes soil CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> emissions is therefore recommended to replace tillage ridges formation commonly practiced by smallholder farmers.
基金Project supported by the United States Department of Agriculture through the "Nutrient Science for Improved Watershed Management" program (No.2002-00501)
文摘Mapping the spatial distribution of soil nitrate-nitrogen （NO3=N） is important to guide nitrogen application as well as to assess environmental risk of NO3-N leaching into the groundwater. We employed univariate and hybrid geostatistical methods to map the spatial distribution of soil NO3-N across a landscape in northeast Florida. Soil samples were collected from four depth increments （0-30, 30-60, 60-120 and 120-180 cm） from 147 sampling locations identified using a stratified random and nested sampling design based on soil, land use and elevation strata. Soil NO3-N distributions in the top two layers were spatially autocorrelated and mapped using lognormal kriging. Environmental correlation models for NO3-N prediction were derived using linear and non-linear regression methods, and employed to develop NO3-N trend maps. Land use and its related variables derived from satellite imagery were identified as important variables to predict NO3-N using environmental correlation models. While lognormal kriging produced smoothly varying maps, trend maps derived from environmental correlation models generated spatially heterogeneous maps. Trend maps were combined with ordinary kriging predictions of trend model residuals to develop regression kriging prediction maps, which gave the best NO3-N predictions. As land use and remotely sensed data are readily available and have much finer spatial resolution compared to field sampled soils, our findings suggested the efficacy of environmental correlation models based on land use and remotely sensed data for landscape scale mapping of soil NO3-N. The methodologies implemented are transferable for mapping of soil NO3-N in other landscapes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFF0801104 and 2021YFD1700600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51809177)the Science Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.NIGLAS2022GS08).
文摘Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small estuaries and bays located in undeveloped coastal areas.This study provides insights into the fate of antibiotics in these small and scattered estuaries and bays in Shantou's coast,driven by land use types and hydrodynamic conditions.The findings indicated that estuaries were more heavily polluted with antibiotics than the bays(P<0.05),with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as the primary antibiotics.Antibiotic pollution levels were more severe in October than in June(P<0.01).Rainfall runoff,aquaculture tailwater,and river discharge were identified as the main sources of antibiotic pollution.Build-up land and aquaculture ponds were the primary land use types contributing to antibiotic pollution.The total antibiotic concentrations in June were positively correlated with the proportion of aquaculture ponds(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with the proportions of cropland and grassland(P<0.05).The concentrations of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were positively correlated with build-up land.The antibiotic concentrations exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity within both bay and estuarine ecosystems driven by different hydrodynamic conditions.A comparative analysis of global estuaries and bays revealed that specific land-use types and hydrodynamic conditions produced similar trends in antibiotic fate.These insights offered new perspectives to safeguard the health of estuarine and bay ecosystems,such as altering landscape patterns and regulating aquaculture activities.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477044,32171648 and U23A2017)the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Program,China(2025AFD451 and 2022CFB030)。
文摘Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In this study,the effect of land use type on carbon storage and fractionation was quantified based on organic carbon and its^(13)C abundance at the microscale of soil aggregates and density fractions in Tibetan alpine ecosystems.The sequence of soil aggregate destruction in the land use types of plantation(13.1%)<shrubland(32.7%)<grassland(47.9%)<farmland(61.8%)shows that plantations strengthen the soil structure.Plantation land had a greater contribution of light fraction organic carbon(28.3%)but a lower contribution of mineral-associated organic carbon(40.6%)to the carbon stock compared to farmland(13.5 and 70.3%).Interestingly,plantation land enhanced the aggregational differentiation of organic carbon and^(13)C in each density fraction,whereas no such phenomenon existed in the soil organic carbon.Carbon isotope analyses revealed that carbon transfer in the plantation land occurred from the light fraction in macroaggregates(–24.9‰)to the mineral-associated fraction in microaggregates(–19.9‰).When compared to the other three land use types,the low transferability of carbon in aggregates and density fractions in plantation land provides a stable carbon pool for the Tibetan Plateau.This study shows that plantations can mitigate global climate change by slowing carbon transfer and increasing carbon storage at the microscale of aggregates and density fractions in alpine regions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377326 and 42201267)National Research-Development Support Plan Projects of China(Grant No.2017YFC05054)the Fujian Provincial Water Resources Department Science and Technology Project(MSK202308)。
文摘The Guangdong,Jiangxi and Fujian(GJF)provinces,located in the subtropical region of southeastern China,is one of the national key regions for soil erosion control and ecological restoration.This region is characterized by extensive red soil development and high rainfall erosivity,making it a representative landscape for exploring the interactions between land use change(LUC)and ecosystem services(ES).Despite the recognized importance of ES in hilly regions,comprehensive assessing the impacts of LUC on ES remain limited.This study investigates five key ES:water yield,soil conservation,carbon conservation,food supply,and habitat quality in GJF region from 2000 to 2020.By applying the InVEST model and the Geodetector method,we assessed the trade-offs,synergies,and transitions among ES,identified the natural and social drivers of ES dynamics,and quantified the contribution of LUC to ES changes using the ecosystem service contribution index.The results showed that cropland and woodland were the dominant land use types.Ecological restoration efforts positively influenced ES,with synergies intensifying and trade-offs diminishing over time.Land use conversions,particularly among woodland,grassland,and cropland,exerted significant impacts on ES.In particular,the conversion of woodland to other land uses had markedly negative effects on soil conservation,carbon conservation,and habitat quality.Forest cover was identified as a major driver of ES dynamics.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining and expanding forest and grassland cover,strengthening red soil conservation,and optimizing land use structure to achieve coordinated ecological protection and socioeconomic development in the subtropical hilly regions of southern China.
基金funded by the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2017ZX07101-002)the Discipline Construction Program of ZHANG Huayong,Distinguished Professor of School of Life Sciences,Shandong University(61200082363001).
文摘Vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems as a carbon sink is a crucial factor in mitigating global warming and reaching carbon neutrality targets,although the drivers of net ecosystem productivity(NEP)under combined human and environmental pressures remain poorly understood.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of NEP in the Horqin Sandy Land,China from 2000 to 2020,and observed the variation in NEP across different land use types.We further identified and quantified the effects of human activities,topographical features,climatic conditions,and soil properties on NEP through the application of structural equation modeling(SEM)and boosted regression trees(BRT).The results showed that the multi-year average NEP ranged from–137.79 to 461.96 g C/m^(2) in the Horqin Sandy Land,with 88.21%of the area showing a significant increasing trend.Among different land use types,forestland exhibited the highest NEP values,followed by cropland,grassland,impervious land,and unused land.The NEP in carbon sink areas was primarily regulated by potential evapotranspiration(negatively correlated)and precipitation(positively correlated).Slope was identified as the most significant positive determinant in carbon source areas.Forestland exhibited climate–topography interactions driving NEP,whereas cropland and grassland relied on temperature;unused land and impervious land were susceptible to land use/cover change and human footprint.This study has significant implications for maintaining the carbon sink function and promoting ecological engineering programs that aim to enhance the capacity of terrestrial carbon sinks in the semi-arid agro-pastoral ecotone.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(42261026)the Open Foundation of Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone(XJYS0907-2023-01)the Light of the West Program for Young Scholars,Chinese Academy of Sciences(25JR6KA005).
文摘Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for maintaining equilibrium in the global carbon cycle.Land use and land cover change(LUCC),which is influenced mainly by urbanization and ecological policies,impacts terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage significantly.In this study,spatiotemporal carbon storage changes in the urban belt along the Yellow River in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,were estimated through a model that integrated patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs(InVEST)models from 1993 to 2033.The results revealed that:(1)from 1993 to 2023,the expansion of built-up land and cropland was derived mainly from unused land and grassland,whereas water body and woodland remained relatively stable.Projections to 2033 have indicated that LUCC will continue and be concentrated primarily in the Ningxia Plain;(2)carbon storage increased by a net 5.01×10^(6) Mg C from 1993 to 2023;(3)the spatial distribution of carbon storage revealed that high-value areas were predominantly located in the Helan Mountains and the Ningxia Plain,whereas low-value areas were found in the Tengger Desert;(4)scenario projections indicated that by 2033,the ecological protection scenario(EPS)would achieve a 0.18×10^(6) Mg C increase by reducing the conversion of woodland to cropland and grassland to built-up land,while increasing the conversion of unused land to grassland.In contrast,the natural development scenario(NDS),cropland protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)decreased carbon storage by 0.60×10^(6),0.21×10^(6),and 0.42×10^(6) Mg C,respectively;and(5)spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that high–high carbon storage clusters formed belt-like patterns along the Ningxia Plain and the Helan Mountains,whereas the low–low carbon storage clusters were concentrated in northern Zhongwei City,western Qingtongxia City,western Dawukou District,and the urbanized areas within the central Ningxia Plain.Overall,the study results revealed the close coupling relationship between LUCC and carbon storage functions.Furthermore,the study establishes a framework for carbon management that balances ecological protection with coordinated urban development for the urban belt as well as for similar arid and semi-arid areas.On the basis of these findings,this study provides decision-makers with guidance to optimize ecosystem carbon storage via land use,which plays a key role in developing future land use policies and achieving the"dual carbon"goals.
基金supported by the Soft Science Special Project of Gansu Basic Research Plan(25JRZA206)the Longyuan Youth Talent Project of Gansu Province(ZHU Rong)+1 种基金the Innovation Development Special Project of China Meteorological Administration(CXFZ2025J036)the Program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CSFSE-KF-2402).
文摘Land use in arid and semi-arid regions has a substantial effect on climate,environment,and biodiversity,thereby projecting the spatiotemporal changes in land use and the subsequent effects.This study employed the locally calibrated Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model,which coupled system dynamics with cellular automata and integrated an artificial neural network algorithm and a roulette wheel selection mechanism.We projected future land use(2020–2100)dynamics of Lanzhou,a typical river valley city in Northwest China,under three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5).The simulation results were validated and subsequently reclassified using the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme(IGBP)system to produce a dataset suitable for driving climatic and environmental models.Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario,urban and built-up land expanded consistently,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland contracted continuously.Conversely,the SSP5-8.5 scenario was characterized by a contraction of urban and built-up land,and relative stability of irrigated cropland and pasture as well as grassland.The SSP2-4.5 scenario presented a more complex trade-off,where urban and built-up land and grassland increased first and then decreased,whereas irrigated cropland and pasture followed an opposite trajectory.A significant inverse relationship between urban and built-up land and irrigated cropland and pasture was observed under all scenarios,underscoring the fundamental spatial competition that prevailed in this land-constrained valley city.Furthermore,the negative correlation of grassland with urban and built-up land,coupled with the positive correlation of grassland with irrigated cropland and pasture under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,indicated an evolution from broad confrontation to intricate internal trade-offs within the urban–agricultural–ecological system.This study underscored the critical influence of regional topographic and hydrological constraints on land-use evolution in arid regions,providing guidance for water resource management and ecosystem protection in Lanzhou,with applications for sustainable land-use planning in other arid and semi-arid river valley cities.
基金supported by the Institution of Eminence,University of Delhi,grant number[IoE/2023-24/12/FRP].
文摘This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical environmental challenges like pollution,heat stress,land degradation etc.The study aims to enhance understanding of how diverse land use patterns influence thermal comfort by utilising satellite data from the Landsat/Resourcesat series for classification and MODIS for land surface temperature(LST)extraction.The findings highlight that regions with dense construction and limited green and blue spaces tend to experience lower levels of climatic comfort,with 17.17 Percent of Delhi’s geographical area feeling the adverse effects of the Urban Heat Island(UHI)phenomenon.On a positive note,40.20 Percent of the area is associated with high climatic comfort,primarily due to natural features such as vegetation and water bodies.Furthermore,the research indicates a noteworthy increase in land surface temperatures(LST)from 2000 to 2022,with peak recorded temperatures rising from 38.35℃ in 2000 to 47.27℃ in 2022.In summary,this study emphasises the importance of understanding and addressing the UHI effect in urban settings,providing constructive recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders dedicated to fostering improved livability and sustainability in urban environments.
基金National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101901-2)。
文摘As a tropical island confronting the dual imperatives of tourism-driven economic growth and ecological vulnerability,Hainan's land-use sustainability critically impacts both regional development and coastal ecosystem security.This study employs a coupled PLUS-InVEST modeling framework to analyze land-use changes and habitat quality dynamics from 2000 to 2020,projecting ecological outcomes under three development scenarios for 2030.Key findings reveal:(1)A persistent bimodal habitat distribution pattern,with high-quality areas concentrated in the central forest zone and degraded areas in coastal peripheries,exhibiting a continuous decline over the 20-year period.(2)Accelerated urbanization between 2010 and 2020 resulted in the conversion of ecological land to construction use,correlating strongly with habitat fragmentation intensity.(3)Baseline projections for 2030 indicate that construction land will dominate new conversions.(4)Ecological protection scenarios demonstrate recoverable habitat potentials,particularly within coastal buffer zones.These findings provide empirical validation of scenario-driven land-use planning as a viable tool for island ecosystems,highlighting the critical need to balance tourism infrastructure development with coastal conservation imperatives in tropical island sustainability management.This methodology advances spatial decision-making for balancing island economic growth with biodiversity preservation,offering replicable strategies for global island ecosystems facing similar sustainability challenges.
基金funded by the Yunnan Provincial Key Programs for Basic Research Project,China(202301AS070087)the Yunnan Provincial R&D Program,China(202405AF140014 and 202302AO370015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42307058).
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon storage across different soil types,and identifying effective land management practices for enhanced carbon accumulation is essential for reducing agricultural emissions and strengthening carbon sinks.This study examined SOC variations in eastern Yunnan’s subtropical highlands(2,132 sites),analyzing topsoil(0–20 cm)across five land uses(dryland,irrigated land,forestland,grassland and plantation)of five soil types(red,yellow,yellowbrown,brown,purple).The investigation explored relationships between SOC and edaphic factors(26 elements)to determine SOC influencing factors.The study area demonstrated a mean SOC content of 27.78 g kg^(–1),with distinct spatial heterogeneity characterized by lower values in the southwestern sector and higher concentrations in the northeastern region.Brown soils displayed the highest SOC content(P<0.05),followed by yellow-brown then red,yellow,and purple soils.Irrigation significantly enhanced SOC storage,particularly in brown soils where irrigated land contained 2.2-,2.4-,and 1.6-times higher SOC than forestland,grassland,and dryland,respectively.Similar irrigation benefits occurred in purple,yellow,and yellow-brown soils,indicating moisture limitation as the primary SOC constraint.Notably,SOC exhibited strong positive correlations with nitrogen,sulfur,and selenium.Nitrogen fertilization demonstrated dual benefits:enhancing SOC sequestration and promoting Se enrichment in crops,potentially supporting specialty agriculture.Although land use impacts on SOC varied across soil types(P>0.05),irrigation consistently emerged as the optimal management for carbon sink enhancement.These findings suggest that targeted water management could effectively reduce farmland carbon emissions in moisture-limited subtropical highlands.Strategic nitrogen application offers co-benefits for soil fertility and selenium biofortification,providing practical pathways for climate-smart agriculture in similar ecoregions.
基金supported by the doctoral scholarship of the author, André Alves, funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the MIT Portugal Programme (PRT/BD/154418/2023)the State Budgetprovided through FCT funding, was received from the MOPT Research Group of the Centre of Geographical Studies, University of Lisbon (UID/295/2025, DOI: 10.54499/UID/00295/2025), and from the Centro de Investigação em Gestão de Informação (MagIC) under the projects UID/04152/2025 (DOI: 10.54499/UID/04152/2025,2025–01–01 to 2028–12–31) and UID/PRR/04152/2025 (DOI: 10.54499/UID/PRR/04152/2025,2025–01–01 to 2026–06–30)
文摘The growing demand for land to accommodate renewable energy infrastructure has intensified competition with biodiversity conservation, agriculture, and ecosystem services. In Portugal, electricity system decarbonisation relies heavily on utility-scale solar energy(USSE) facilities, yet the spatial extent of land transformation associated with photovoltaic development has not been systematically assessed. This study provides an assessment of the land occupancy of USSE facilities and associated land use and land cover(LULC) changes in continental Portugal over the past two decades, as well as their spatial relationship with areas designated for land and nature conservation. A geospatial database of USSE installations(≥1 MW) was developed through the integration of multiple data sources using geographic information systems(GIS). The geometric consistency of spatial features was ensured through harmonisation and validation procedures involving GIS-based corrections supported by Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Spatial overlay analyses were conducted with multitemporal LULC datasets and with land-use planning constraints, including areas classified for nature conservation, ecological reserves, and agricultural reserves. The results indicate that USSE deployment has been predominantly located in the southern regions of Portugal, although the location of planned projects indicates a northward shift. The implementation of USSE facilities has been mainly associated with LULC changes in forest land, agricultural areas, pastures and shrubland. Spatial overlaps were observed with areas classified within the national ecological and agricultural reserves.These patterns may be indicative of growing land-use conflicts, but the extent to which these developments align with land-use planning objectives and conservation priorities requires further examination.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.72474216。
文摘Land use conflicts(LUCs)pose a major challenge to urbanization,and their effective regulation is essential for promoting sustainable regional land use.However,the influence of urban development on conflicts has often been overlooked.This study developed an index system from three dimensions—agricultural production,residential life,and ecological security—and quantified LUCs in China using spatial statistics and a coupling relationship matrix.It further explored the spatial relationships between conflict types and urban built-up areas(UBA)through accessibility analysis,and applied regression analysis to reveal the spatial evolution of conflicts from an urban-scale perspective.The results showed that agricultural-construction conflicts were concentrated in the eastern plains,while agricultural-ecological conflicts prevailed in the mountainous areas in the western region.Spatial distribution of the distance from conflicts to UBA(DCU)exhibited a clear east-west gradient,being closer in the east(less than 20 km)and farther in the west.Between 2000 and 2020,LUCs moved progressively closer to UBA,except in the ecologically fragile western region.For all urban hierarchies except small cities,the average distance was below 10 km;megacities exhibited the shortest DCU,roughly half that of small cities.Moreover,LUCs displayed significant hierarchical scale effects:as urban size increased,distance tended to decrease in a non-linear pattern,with the steepest decline occurring in central China.Land management authorities should work to curb sprawling urban development.Overall,this study provides new insights into the spatial evolution of LUCs and contributes to more sustainable land use management.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Projects No.32360379 and No.32360007)the Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program of Natural Science(Project No.qjhe-MS[2025]211)+1 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Postgraduate Research Fund(Project No.2024YJSKYJJ230)the PhD Project of Guizhou Normal University(Project No.2019BS003)。
文摘This study focuses on the vulnerability of soil carbon storage and the ecological restoration processes in karst regions.Given that land-use changes significantly influence the stability and functionality of soil carbon pools,this study investigated the vertical and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon(SOC)and its labile fractions under five land-use types in a fragile karst region of Guizhou,China.Soil samples from five depths(0–100 cm)were collected in 2019 and 2020 from agricultural land,abandoned land,shrubland,and middle-aged and over-mature Pinus massoniana forests.Analyses showed that SOC,readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROOC),and watersoluble organic carbon(WSOC)decreased significantly with depth(P<0.001).Mean SOC was 10.51 g·kg^(-1),with the highest topsoil content in agricultural land(13.24–15.14 g·kg^(-1)).Shrubland exhibited the highest surface carbon sequestration efficiency,indicated by a Carbon Management Index(CMI)of 149.37 in the 0–20 cm layer and higher carbon pool activity(L=1.31 at 0–40 cm).Redundancy analysis identified total potassium,total phosphorus,and ROOC as key factors governing CMI variability(97.75%variance explained).The results advocate for stratified land management promoting shrubland for surface carbon sequestration and adopting reduced tillage in agriculture to enhance carbon retention in karst ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42471230)。
文摘Coordinating urban development with the protection of water resources is a serious global challenge faced by countries worldwide.This study constructed the coupled Water Ecological Security Pattern-Future Land Use Simulation(WESP-FLUS) model by integrating methods for identifying water–ecological sensitive areas and simulating land use type changes.Taking the Lanzhou-Baiyin metropolitan area in arid region of northwestern China as a case study,this research simulated land use patterns in 2030 under four development scenarios(natural development,urban economic optimization,ecological conservation priority,and urban-water coordinated development scenarios).The results identified 109.81 km^(2) of water–ecological source areas and 43 water–ecological corridors with a total length of 1255.4 km.Predicted land use patterns for 2030 displayed diverse trends,constrained by water–ecological sensitive areas across different scenarios,with urban built-up land mainly expanding radially around the central urban axis.The urban-water coordinated development scenario was the optimal solution that meets both urban development needs and water–ecological protection objectives.The urban built-up land could reach 546.68 km2 in 2030,representing a 91.39 km^(2) increase compared to 2020.This study aims to improve spatial planning methods under the “determining cities by water” concept,scientifically supporting territorial spatial planning and providing theoretical support for the coupling of urban development and natural environment in water-scarce arid regions.
文摘Human well-being and livelihoods depend on natural ecosystem services(ESs).Following the increment of population,ESs have been deteriorated over time.Ultimately,land use/land cover(LULC)changes have a profound impact on the change of ecosystem.The primary goal of this study is to determine the impacts of LULC changes on ecosystem service values(ESVs)in the upper Gilgel Abbay watershed,Ethiopia.Changes in LULC types were studied using three Landsat images representing 1986,2003,and 2021.The Landsat images were classified using a supervised image classification technique in Earth Resources Data Analysis System(ERDAS)Imagine 2014.We classified ESs in this study into four categories(including provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services)based on global ES classification scheme.The adjusted ESV coefficient benefit approach was employed to measure the impacts of LULC changes on ESVs.Five LULC types were identified in this study,including cultivated land,forest,shrubland,grassland,and water body.The result revealed that the area of cultivated land accounted for 64.50%,71.50%,and 61.50%of the total area in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.The percentage of the total area covered by forest was 9.50%,5.90%,and 14.80%in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.Result revealed that the total ESV decreased from 7.42×10^(7) to 6.44×10^(7) USD between 1986 and 2003.This is due to the expansion of cultivated land at the expense of forest and shrubland.However,the total ESV increased from 6.44×10^(7) to 7.76×10^(7) USD during 2003-2021,because of the increment of forest and shrubland.The expansion of cultivated land and the reductions of forest and shrubland reduced most individual ESs during 1986-2003.Nevertheless,the increase in forest and shrubland at the expense of cultivated land enhanced many ESs during 2003-2021.Therefore,the findings suggest that appropriate land use practices should be scaled-up to sustainably maintain ESs.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD1100803)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Ph.D.Top Innovative Talents Fund of CUMTB)(No.BBJ2024029)。
文摘Systematically analyzing the impact mechanisms of policy on Land Use Conflict(LUC)is crucial for constructing effective conflict mitigation strategies.However,previous research on how policy influences LUC remains relatively limited.Focusing on the indirect driving role of policy on LUC,this study proposed County Development Level(CDL)under Major Function Oriented Zone Planning(MFOZP)guidance as an intermediary variable,bridging the implicit influence of MFOZP and the explicit changes in LUC.Using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region in China as a case study,we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of LUC and CDL for the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020,before and after MFOZP implementation.Panel models and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)were employed to explore the mechanism by which CDL influences LUC under MFOZP guidance.The results show that:1)MFOZP implementation effectively alleviates land use pressure from regional development,with LUC continuously declining at a rate of 2.41%,while CDL exhibits slight growth(3.84%),during 2010-2020.2)Under MFOZP guidance,CDL reduces pressure on Land Use Structure Conflict(LUSC)and Land Use Process Conflict(LUPC),enhances its inhibitory effect on Land Use Function Conflict(LUFC),and significantly contributes to LUC coordination,with notable spatial heterogeneity.3)The coupling relationship between CDL and LUC has improved post-implementation.Based on this,tailored LUC coordination strategies are proposed for different functional zones.This study confirms the effectiveness of MFOZP in coordinating LUC and provides a scientific reference for LUC research under policy frameworks and the governance of LUC in the BTH region.
