The art of polychrome lacquer painting with gold tracing and inlay represents the culmination of traditional Chinese lacquer craftsmanship.It integrates four core techniques-lacquer application,polychrome painting,gol...The art of polychrome lacquer painting with gold tracing and inlay represents the culmination of traditional Chinese lacquer craftsmanship.It integrates four core techniques-lacquer application,polychrome painting,gold tracing,and inlay-embodying the pinnacle of ancient artisan ingenuity.This paper begins by outlining the historical origins,technical characteristics,and cultural significance of this art form.Subsequently,using a Qing Dynasty“Hanging Screen Inlaid with Boxwood and Coral Depicting the Scene of Sudhana Paying Homage to Guanyin,with Polychrome Lacquer Painting and Gold Tracing”as a case study,it offers an in-depth analysis of its craftsmanship,visual elements,thematic narrative,and cultural connotations.The study aims to unveil its artistic value and contemporary relevance as a form of“living cultural heritage.”展开更多
The high incidence of postpartum hypogalactia hinders the healthy development of postpartum women and the next generation.Lacquer seed oil(LSO),extracted from the seeds of the lacquer tree,has been traditionally used ...The high incidence of postpartum hypogalactia hinders the healthy development of postpartum women and the next generation.Lacquer seed oil(LSO),extracted from the seeds of the lacquer tree,has been traditionally used as a dietary supplement for promoting postpartum lactation and recovery in some districts of China.However,its physiological effects have not been verified,and the mechanism and active components of LSO have not been analyzed.Thus,we applied LSO to bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia rats.The results showed that LSO supplement effectively improves bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia.LSO also increased prolactin levels reduced by bromocriptine,promoted JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT pathways and several gene expression levels of milk synthesis in mammary gland.Moreover,metabolomic and network pharmacological analysis further revealed that JAK2/STAT5,PI3K/AKT,and estrogen signaling pathway are the potential main regulatory sites for the beneficial effects of LSO on postpartum hypogalactia,and that quercetin,kaempferol,arachidonic acid,epicatechin,and β-sitosterol are the top 5 main active ingredients of LSO.Our results suggested that LSO has great potential in the application of the improvement of postpartum hypogalactia.展开更多
This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by s...This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by simultaneous adsorption from composite systems,as well as the relevant factors.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize adsorption behavior.The adsorption kinetics of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems can be effectively characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.97).In the Pb^(2+)-MB composite system,adsorption was antagonistic with similar adsorption sites.However,in the Pb^(2+)-CR composite system,we found that adsorption was synergistic with different adsorption sites,which led to a higher simultaneous adsorption capacity for a higher initial Pb^(2+)-CR concentration,unlike the Pb^(2+)-MB system.In both composite systems,an appropriate increase in LBM dosage and system temperature within a certain range was conducive to simultaneous adsorption and removal of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The optimal solid-liquid ratio and temperature were 1:75 and 30℃,respectively.The adsorption and removal rates of Pb^(2+)and MB were 99.98%and 90.49%,respectively,and those of Pb^(2+)and CR were 93.99%and 77.39%,respectively,in(50,50)mg/L of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems under these conditions.Adsorption removal of Pb^(2+)and MB improved with higher pH levels,and worsened with the increase of ionic strength in the solution,while the removal rate of CR showed an opposite trend.The coexisting anion and cation types had limited influence on the simultaneous adsorption removal of Pb^(2+),MB,and CR.The results of desorption showed that LBM can be utilized as a disposable material for simultaneously treating Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The simultaneous adsorption mechanisms of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR mainly involved hydrogen bonding,π-πbonding interaction,and electrostatic interaction.展开更多
Industrial paints exacerbate air pollution by emitting volatile organic compounds during application and drying processes.This study seeks to enhance the efficiency of Chinese natural paints and increase their accessi...Industrial paints exacerbate air pollution by emitting volatile organic compounds during application and drying processes.This study seeks to enhance the efficiency of Chinese natural paints and increase their accessibility as bio-based alternatives,thereby mitigating the adverse effects of industrial paints on the environment.The researchers incorporated ten materials into the Chinese natural lacquer,with the formulations containing 5%titanium dioxide nanoparticles and 5%polyurethane demonstrating superior performance.These formulations reduced the drying time of the Chinese natural lacquer to 12 hours and 8 hours,respectively,under climatic conditions of 34 degrees Celsius and 64%humidity,while also improving the physical properties of the expanding materials.By experimenting with the materials and processes of contemporary lacquer art,modern lacquer material drying time test,scanning electron microscope(SEM),water droplet angle test,pencil hardness test,adhesion test and other tests,expanding the modern lacquer art materials;the researchers carried out comparative experiments of creative practice,using modern Chinese lacquer materials completely original 32 lacquer paintings,20 of which were successful;the creation of lacquer paintings using the traditional methods The creation cycle of the works using the traditional method was around 2 months,as a control,the creation cycle of the lacquer paintings using the innovative method was between 2 weeks and 3 weeks,which is a drastic reduction in time.Expanded Chinese natural lacquer can contribute to the sustainable development of traditional Chinese lacquer art.展开更多
Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much c...Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much clearer gradually.In it,the increasing number of channel branches,network vessels and needle insertion holes(acupoints) is an important feature of the development of channel medicine during the Western Han dynasty.This is not only a reflection of the expanding requirements of the theoretical system of the main trunk channels and other vessels,but also an inevitable result of the continuous enrichment and accumulation of clinical experience.This article integrates the information about channel branches,network vessels,inscriptions,dots and further relics on the Tianhui(天回) Lacquered Meridian Figurine to compare the unearthed literature of the channel genre with the transmitted classical literature about acupuncture.The “Heart-Regulated Channel” in Medical Manuscripts on Bamboo Slips from Tianhui(《天回医简》) serves as an example to explain the occurrence,development and changes of the channel branches and network vessels in the early system of medical channels.展开更多
In this work, surface activation of automotive polymers using atmospheric pressure plasmas was investigated. The aim was to increase the polar fraction of the surface energy of both plane and convex polymer devices wi...In this work, surface activation of automotive polymers using atmospheric pressure plasmas was investigated. The aim was to increase the polar fraction of the surface energy of both plane and convex polymer devices with a radius in the range of 30 mm. For this purpose, a fittable low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma source based on capacitively coupled multi-pin electrodes was set up and applied. Each single electrode generates a treatment spot of approximately 2 cm2 with a tunable power density of up to 1.4 W/cm2. The surface energy was evaluated by contact angle measurements. After treatment at a low energy density of 1.01 J/cm2, the polar fraction of the surface energy of the investigated polymers was increased by a factor of 3.3 to 132, depending on the polymer materials. It was shown that by applying the presented fittable plasma source, this effect is independent of the surface radius of the polymer sample.展开更多
In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate ...In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians so as to explore the development of meridian system in ancient China.Methods:Based on collecting the photos of the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure and the representative acupuncture classics,the double evidence method(combining the unearthed relics/literature and extant literature) was performed to investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians.Furthermore,the development of regular meridians theory was analyzed from the number,distribution,direction and branches.Results:The routes of the 28 longitudinal white lines on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure are similar to the regular meridians in the ancient literature including Huángdì Nèijīng 《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic).The number,distribution and branches of the meridians intaglioed on the Laoguanshan lacquer figure suggested the evolution of the regular-meridian system from the eleven-meridian system to the twelve-meridian system.Conclusions:The meridian system of Laoguanshan lacquer figure was a link connecting the preceding and the following.The Laoguanshan lacquer figure played an important role in the development of the early meridian theory.展开更多
Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 fold...Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 folds, which was bigger than the Chinese cultivars (No.4 - No.6) of Rhus vernicifera et al. It had more than 5% ~ 10% of lacquer wax in pericard, and contained less than 6% - 8% of lacquer oil in seed. No.1 had lower acid value (A.V) and iodine value (I.V);the key factors for this were cultivar and its growing environment. The principal constituents of lacquer waxes of No.1?- No.6 were triglycerides of fatty acids with total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) of 75% - 82.7%, total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA) of 15.1% - 20%, and total dibasic acids (TDBA) of 5%. The CIEL a b system and Hunter whiteness formula were used to evaluate the bleaching effect on lacquer wax by physical adsorption and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The optimal conditions of physical decoloration were determined for activated carbon: kieselguhr = 3:2 (g/g) as adsorbent, a ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) for lacquer wax to petroleum ether, bleaching 30 min at 80?C. UV light achieved a good bleaching effect irradiated at 60?C for 60 hrs. UV irradiation definitely changed relative contents of fatty acids, TUSFA and TDBA decreased from 19.617% to 11.022% and 4.379% to 2.017% respectively, while TSFA could be raised from 76.462% to 86.077%, however, the mechanism of UV irradiation was still unclear and should be investigated in the future.展开更多
Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and pr...Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and processing of lacquer sap, then introduce the chemical components, HPLC-MS characteristic, properity and polymerization mechanism, as well as processing techniques of Vietnamese lacquer sap. Combined with the experience of lacquer cultivation and processing of Chinese lacquer, key problems to restrict the development of lacquer value chain were analyzed in Vietnam, and some suggestions would also be proposed in this investigation.展开更多
The traditional Chinese furniture evolved as an important part of the Chinese culture and civilization. Alongside design, structure, ornaments, the original finishes applied define the particularities and value of tra...The traditional Chinese furniture evolved as an important part of the Chinese culture and civilization. Alongside design, structure, ornaments, the original finishes applied define the particularities and value of traditional Chinese furniture. This is because wood finishing not only enhances wood natural beauty by colour, gloss and highlighting of wooden texture, but also can be a means of exquisite decoration (e.g. engraved, gilded or painted lacquer works). Chinese lacquer, Tung oil and Chinese wax represent some of the most important finishing materials employed and were, therefore, selected for this study. The paper presents a brief macroscopic, microscopic and FTIR characterization of these materials. These results will be used as starting data in a further study on the ageing properties of these traditional finishing materials, useful for scientific conservation purposes.展开更多
Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted b...Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted by a Xe lamp source, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of lacquer degradation could be determined on the basis of radiant energy. Tame-Urushi (brown) lacquer displayed peak degradation maxima at 220 and 315 nm. A broad shoulder peak was also observed in UVA. For Shu-Urushi (cinnabar) lacquer, in addition to peaks in the UVA–UVB range, a large degree of degradation was observed following exposure to light in the visible range. Ao-Urushi (green) lacquer showed similar characteristics, although it was less prone to degradation. Similarly, Shin-Urushi (black) lacquer showed little change in response to light, although UV light caused limited degradation. These results indicate that along with the damage caused by UVA and UVB, visible light in the range 510 - 650 nm may also have a significant degradation effect. Our results provide experimental evidence that Japanese lacquer responds differently to light of various wavelengths and that specific wavelengths, including visible light, can cause significant degradation.展开更多
The dependence of measured viscosity on NaCl concentration (0.1 to 3.0M), pH (range of 2—13) and cadoxen composition w_(cad) (from 2% to 100%) for the lacquer polysaccharide in NaCl/cadoxen/H_2O mixture containing HC...The dependence of measured viscosity on NaCl concentration (0.1 to 3.0M), pH (range of 2—13) and cadoxen composition w_(cad) (from 2% to 100%) for the lacquer polysaccharide in NaCl/cadoxen/H_2O mixture containing HCl or without were obtained. All the viscosity exponents γ in the Mark-Houwink equations under three different solvent condition arc close to 0.5. The w_(cad) dependence of reduced viscosity ηsp/c confirms the single strand chain of the polysaccharide. As the γ values close to 0.5 and values of unperturbed dimension <S^2>_θ/M and [η] much smaller than those for usual linear polymers, these facts suggest that the polysaccharide chains in the aqueous solutions should be dense random coil owing to the highly branched structure.展开更多
The weight average molecular weights Mw,radii of gyration<s^2>^(1/2) second virial coefficients A_2,and intrinsic viscosities in 8 solvent [η]_θof five fractionated samples of the chinese lacquer polysaccharid...The weight average molecular weights Mw,radii of gyration<s^2>^(1/2) second virial coefficients A_2,and intrinsic viscosities in 8 solvent [η]_θof five fractionated samples of the chinese lacquer polysaccharide were measured by light scattering and viscosimetry.It is further evidenced that the polysaccharide in aqueous solution exists as a compact coil resulted from highly branched structure.展开更多
The polysaccharide having weight-average molecular weight M_w=1. 09×10~5, isolated from the sap of lac trees (Vietnam), was separated into 12 fractions by aqueous-phase preparative gel permeation chromatography. ...The polysaccharide having weight-average molecular weight M_w=1. 09×10~5, isolated from the sap of lac trees (Vietnam), was separated into 12 fractions by aqueous-phase preparative gel permeation chromatography. The molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of the fractions were measured in aqueous 0.08M KCl/0.01 M NaAc and 0.4M KCl/0.05M NaAc at pH =7. 6 by light scattering, viscometry and gel permeation chromatography. The Mark-Houwink equation in aqueous 0.08M KCl/0.01M NaAc at 30℃ was found to be [η]= 2.28×10^(-2) M_w^(0.52) (cm^3/g), which indicated the polysaccharide chain in the aqueous solution to be a spherical random coil.展开更多
Ten fractionated samples of Chinese lacquer polysaccharide in aqueous 0.1M NaC1 solution were studied by aqueous-phase gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. The universal calibration, broad MWD calibration and correc...Ten fractionated samples of Chinese lacquer polysaccharide in aqueous 0.1M NaC1 solution were studied by aqueous-phase gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. The universal calibration, broad MWD calibration and corrected column dispersion were adopted to the analysis of GPC chromatograms of the polysaccharide. The molecular weights M;, M;and polydispersity index M;/M;obtained from GPC are in good agreement with the results of light scattering and membrane osmometry. It is verified that the universal calibration concept is applicable to the lacquer polysaccharide having a number of side chains.展开更多
A method of determining branching parameter of lacquer polysaccharide wasestablished by acid-base back-titration of terminal uronic acid of branches. The branchingfactors obtained are in agreement with the values dete...A method of determining branching parameter of lacquer polysaccharide wasestablished by acid-base back-titration of terminal uronic acid of branches. The branchingfactors obtained are in agreement with the values determined by colorimetric method withcarbazole and the results estimated by using Zimm-Stockmayer equation from viscositydata. Influences of molecular weights and branching factors of five fractions of lacquerpolysaccharide on the bioactivities were studied. The results show that the polysaccharideshave bioactivities in motivating the growth of leucocytes, and the effect increases with thedecrease of molecular weight and branching factor in the range studied (17×10~4 >M_w>4×10~4).展开更多
In this study,different molar of methylolureas(MMU)were used to improve the properties and drying speed of the raw lacquer(RL).The drying time,gloss,pencil hardness and impact resistance of the lacquer film were teste...In this study,different molar of methylolureas(MMU)were used to improve the properties and drying speed of the raw lacquer(RL).The drying time,gloss,pencil hardness and impact resistance of the lacquer film were tested.The thermal behaviors and chemical structures of the lacquer membrane were also discussed by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),fourier infrared spectrometer(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis,respectively.The results demonstrated that lower molar ratio MMU can significantly improve the properties of lacquer.The TGA analysis showed that the modified lacquer had high thermal stability than that of the control.The FT-IR and 13C NMR analysis revealed that the structures of the modified lacquer were significantly improved by cross-linking with the hydroxymethyl groups and methylene methyl ethers of MMU.In addition,through scanning electron microscopy(SEM)characterization,it was found that the introduction of MMU can effectively improve the surface smoothness of the lacquer film.展开更多
Exploration of Lacquer Heritage Across China by Experts in 2019 kicked off in Beijing.It was guided by the Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Fourism, Hubei Provincial Department of Cu...Exploration of Lacquer Heritage Across China by Experts in 2019 kicked off in Beijing.It was guided by the Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Fourism, Hubei Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and Jingzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism and organized by Jingzhou Traditional Craft Workstation and Alliance for the Inheritance and Development of Lacquer Heritage (in preparation). The experts will visit the main lacquer production areas in China, breaking new ground lor the coordinated revitalization of the lacquer industry in China.展开更多
The carved lacquer craft,a gem of traditional Chinese crafts,boasts a history of over 2,000 years and features craftsmanship of a superior order.This study attempts to investigate the typical tasks and learning result...The carved lacquer craft,a gem of traditional Chinese crafts,boasts a history of over 2,000 years and features craftsmanship of a superior order.This study attempts to investigate the typical tasks and learning result evaluation of carved lacquer apprentices at the novice stage by the method of qualitative research with 11 carved lacquer craft inheritors of a studio of a carved lacquer master.It is discovered that the design of carved lacquer draft sketches,the design of carved lacquer patterns,and the making and use of carved lacquer tools are typical tasks of novice apprentices,while the modeling and aesthetics of works,carving skills,and the level of interaction with the carved lacquer community are important criteria for evaluating the development of the skills of novice apprentices.展开更多
The synthetic method and structural characteristics of urushiol-titanium chelates (UT) and urushiol-titanium chelate polymer for anticorrosive coatings have been studied.Two kinds of coating films made from UT polymer...The synthetic method and structural characteristics of urushiol-titanium chelates (UT) and urushiol-titanium chelate polymer for anticorrosive coatings have been studied.Two kinds of coating films made from UT polymer show excellent physico-mechanical properties and possess good chemical resistance to strong acids and alkalis, many kinds of salt solutions and organic solvents, stable at high temperature.展开更多
文摘The art of polychrome lacquer painting with gold tracing and inlay represents the culmination of traditional Chinese lacquer craftsmanship.It integrates four core techniques-lacquer application,polychrome painting,gold tracing,and inlay-embodying the pinnacle of ancient artisan ingenuity.This paper begins by outlining the historical origins,technical characteristics,and cultural significance of this art form.Subsequently,using a Qing Dynasty“Hanging Screen Inlaid with Boxwood and Coral Depicting the Scene of Sudhana Paying Homage to Guanyin,with Polychrome Lacquer Painting and Gold Tracing”as a case study,it offers an in-depth analysis of its craftsmanship,visual elements,thematic narrative,and cultural connotations.The study aims to unveil its artistic value and contemporary relevance as a form of“living cultural heritage.”
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2020QFY08-03)Forestry Science and Technology Programs of Shaanxi Province(SXLK2020-0213)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)。
文摘The high incidence of postpartum hypogalactia hinders the healthy development of postpartum women and the next generation.Lacquer seed oil(LSO),extracted from the seeds of the lacquer tree,has been traditionally used as a dietary supplement for promoting postpartum lactation and recovery in some districts of China.However,its physiological effects have not been verified,and the mechanism and active components of LSO have not been analyzed.Thus,we applied LSO to bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia rats.The results showed that LSO supplement effectively improves bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia.LSO also increased prolactin levels reduced by bromocriptine,promoted JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT pathways and several gene expression levels of milk synthesis in mammary gland.Moreover,metabolomic and network pharmacological analysis further revealed that JAK2/STAT5,PI3K/AKT,and estrogen signaling pathway are the potential main regulatory sites for the beneficial effects of LSO on postpartum hypogalactia,and that quercetin,kaempferol,arachidonic acid,epicatechin,and β-sitosterol are the top 5 main active ingredients of LSO.Our results suggested that LSO has great potential in the application of the improvement of postpartum hypogalactia.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1702003 and 2023YFC3709001).
文摘This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by simultaneous adsorption from composite systems,as well as the relevant factors.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize adsorption behavior.The adsorption kinetics of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems can be effectively characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.97).In the Pb^(2+)-MB composite system,adsorption was antagonistic with similar adsorption sites.However,in the Pb^(2+)-CR composite system,we found that adsorption was synergistic with different adsorption sites,which led to a higher simultaneous adsorption capacity for a higher initial Pb^(2+)-CR concentration,unlike the Pb^(2+)-MB system.In both composite systems,an appropriate increase in LBM dosage and system temperature within a certain range was conducive to simultaneous adsorption and removal of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The optimal solid-liquid ratio and temperature were 1:75 and 30℃,respectively.The adsorption and removal rates of Pb^(2+)and MB were 99.98%and 90.49%,respectively,and those of Pb^(2+)and CR were 93.99%and 77.39%,respectively,in(50,50)mg/L of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems under these conditions.Adsorption removal of Pb^(2+)and MB improved with higher pH levels,and worsened with the increase of ionic strength in the solution,while the removal rate of CR showed an opposite trend.The coexisting anion and cation types had limited influence on the simultaneous adsorption removal of Pb^(2+),MB,and CR.The results of desorption showed that LBM can be utilized as a disposable material for simultaneously treating Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The simultaneous adsorption mechanisms of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR mainly involved hydrogen bonding,π-πbonding interaction,and electrostatic interaction.
文摘Industrial paints exacerbate air pollution by emitting volatile organic compounds during application and drying processes.This study seeks to enhance the efficiency of Chinese natural paints and increase their accessibility as bio-based alternatives,thereby mitigating the adverse effects of industrial paints on the environment.The researchers incorporated ten materials into the Chinese natural lacquer,with the formulations containing 5%titanium dioxide nanoparticles and 5%polyurethane demonstrating superior performance.These formulations reduced the drying time of the Chinese natural lacquer to 12 hours and 8 hours,respectively,under climatic conditions of 34 degrees Celsius and 64%humidity,while also improving the physical properties of the expanding materials.By experimenting with the materials and processes of contemporary lacquer art,modern lacquer material drying time test,scanning electron microscope(SEM),water droplet angle test,pencil hardness test,adhesion test and other tests,expanding the modern lacquer art materials;the researchers carried out comparative experiments of creative practice,using modern Chinese lacquer materials completely original 32 lacquer paintings,20 of which were successful;the creation of lacquer paintings using the traditional methods The creation cycle of the works using the traditional method was around 2 months,as a control,the creation cycle of the lacquer paintings using the innovative method was between 2 weeks and 3 weeks,which is a drastic reduction in time.Expanded Chinese natural lacquer can contribute to the sustainable development of traditional Chinese lacquer art.
基金one of the stage results of the Science and Technology Innovation Project (CI2021A00413) of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine。
文摘Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much clearer gradually.In it,the increasing number of channel branches,network vessels and needle insertion holes(acupoints) is an important feature of the development of channel medicine during the Western Han dynasty.This is not only a reflection of the expanding requirements of the theoretical system of the main trunk channels and other vessels,but also an inevitable result of the continuous enrichment and accumulation of clinical experience.This article integrates the information about channel branches,network vessels,inscriptions,dots and further relics on the Tianhui(天回) Lacquered Meridian Figurine to compare the unearthed literature of the channel genre with the transmitted classical literature about acupuncture.The “Heart-Regulated Channel” in Medical Manuscripts on Bamboo Slips from Tianhui(《天回医简》) serves as an example to explain the occurrence,development and changes of the channel branches and network vessels in the early system of medical channels.
基金supported by the European Regional Development Funds(EFRE)and the Workgroup Innovative Projects of Lower Saxony(AGiP) in the Frame of the Lower Saxony Innovation Network for Plasma Technology(NIP),Project Funding Reference Number W2-80029388
文摘In this work, surface activation of automotive polymers using atmospheric pressure plasmas was investigated. The aim was to increase the polar fraction of the surface energy of both plane and convex polymer devices with a radius in the range of 30 mm. For this purpose, a fittable low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma source based on capacitively coupled multi-pin electrodes was set up and applied. Each single electrode generates a treatment spot of approximately 2 cm2 with a tunable power density of up to 1.4 W/cm2. The surface energy was evaluated by contact angle measurements. After treatment at a low energy density of 1.01 J/cm2, the polar fraction of the surface energy of the investigated polymers was increased by a factor of 3.3 to 132, depending on the polymer materials. It was shown that by applying the presented fittable plasma source, this effect is independent of the surface radius of the polymer sample.
基金Supported by the Youth Project of National Social Science Fund of China:14CKG008the Project of Chengdu Science and Technology:2014-RK00-00078-ZFthe Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2014K091。
文摘In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians so as to explore the development of meridian system in ancient China.Methods:Based on collecting the photos of the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure and the representative acupuncture classics,the double evidence method(combining the unearthed relics/literature and extant literature) was performed to investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians.Furthermore,the development of regular meridians theory was analyzed from the number,distribution,direction and branches.Results:The routes of the 28 longitudinal white lines on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure are similar to the regular meridians in the ancient literature including Huángdì Nèijīng 《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic).The number,distribution and branches of the meridians intaglioed on the Laoguanshan lacquer figure suggested the evolution of the regular-meridian system from the eleven-meridian system to the twelve-meridian system.Conclusions:The meridian system of Laoguanshan lacquer figure was a link connecting the preceding and the following.The Laoguanshan lacquer figure played an important role in the development of the early meridian theory.
文摘Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 folds, which was bigger than the Chinese cultivars (No.4 - No.6) of Rhus vernicifera et al. It had more than 5% ~ 10% of lacquer wax in pericard, and contained less than 6% - 8% of lacquer oil in seed. No.1 had lower acid value (A.V) and iodine value (I.V);the key factors for this were cultivar and its growing environment. The principal constituents of lacquer waxes of No.1?- No.6 were triglycerides of fatty acids with total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) of 75% - 82.7%, total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA) of 15.1% - 20%, and total dibasic acids (TDBA) of 5%. The CIEL a b system and Hunter whiteness formula were used to evaluate the bleaching effect on lacquer wax by physical adsorption and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The optimal conditions of physical decoloration were determined for activated carbon: kieselguhr = 3:2 (g/g) as adsorbent, a ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) for lacquer wax to petroleum ether, bleaching 30 min at 80?C. UV light achieved a good bleaching effect irradiated at 60?C for 60 hrs. UV irradiation definitely changed relative contents of fatty acids, TUSFA and TDBA decreased from 19.617% to 11.022% and 4.379% to 2.017% respectively, while TSFA could be raised from 76.462% to 86.077%, however, the mechanism of UV irradiation was still unclear and should be investigated in the future.
文摘Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and processing of lacquer sap, then introduce the chemical components, HPLC-MS characteristic, properity and polymerization mechanism, as well as processing techniques of Vietnamese lacquer sap. Combined with the experience of lacquer cultivation and processing of Chinese lacquer, key problems to restrict the development of lacquer value chain were analyzed in Vietnam, and some suggestions would also be proposed in this investigation.
文摘The traditional Chinese furniture evolved as an important part of the Chinese culture and civilization. Alongside design, structure, ornaments, the original finishes applied define the particularities and value of traditional Chinese furniture. This is because wood finishing not only enhances wood natural beauty by colour, gloss and highlighting of wooden texture, but also can be a means of exquisite decoration (e.g. engraved, gilded or painted lacquer works). Chinese lacquer, Tung oil and Chinese wax represent some of the most important finishing materials employed and were, therefore, selected for this study. The paper presents a brief macroscopic, microscopic and FTIR characterization of these materials. These results will be used as starting data in a further study on the ageing properties of these traditional finishing materials, useful for scientific conservation purposes.
文摘Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted by a Xe lamp source, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of lacquer degradation could be determined on the basis of radiant energy. Tame-Urushi (brown) lacquer displayed peak degradation maxima at 220 and 315 nm. A broad shoulder peak was also observed in UVA. For Shu-Urushi (cinnabar) lacquer, in addition to peaks in the UVA–UVB range, a large degree of degradation was observed following exposure to light in the visible range. Ao-Urushi (green) lacquer showed similar characteristics, although it was less prone to degradation. Similarly, Shin-Urushi (black) lacquer showed little change in response to light, although UV light caused limited degradation. These results indicate that along with the damage caused by UVA and UVB, visible light in the range 510 - 650 nm may also have a significant degradation effect. Our results provide experimental evidence that Japanese lacquer responds differently to light of various wavelengths and that specific wavelengths, including visible light, can cause significant degradation.
文摘The dependence of measured viscosity on NaCl concentration (0.1 to 3.0M), pH (range of 2—13) and cadoxen composition w_(cad) (from 2% to 100%) for the lacquer polysaccharide in NaCl/cadoxen/H_2O mixture containing HCl or without were obtained. All the viscosity exponents γ in the Mark-Houwink equations under three different solvent condition arc close to 0.5. The w_(cad) dependence of reduced viscosity ηsp/c confirms the single strand chain of the polysaccharide. As the γ values close to 0.5 and values of unperturbed dimension <S^2>_θ/M and [η] much smaller than those for usual linear polymers, these facts suggest that the polysaccharide chains in the aqueous solutions should be dense random coil owing to the highly branched structure.
文摘The weight average molecular weights Mw,radii of gyration<s^2>^(1/2) second virial coefficients A_2,and intrinsic viscosities in 8 solvent [η]_θof five fractionated samples of the chinese lacquer polysaccharide were measured by light scattering and viscosimetry.It is further evidenced that the polysaccharide in aqueous solution exists as a compact coil resulted from highly branched structure.
文摘The polysaccharide having weight-average molecular weight M_w=1. 09×10~5, isolated from the sap of lac trees (Vietnam), was separated into 12 fractions by aqueous-phase preparative gel permeation chromatography. The molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of the fractions were measured in aqueous 0.08M KCl/0.01 M NaAc and 0.4M KCl/0.05M NaAc at pH =7. 6 by light scattering, viscometry and gel permeation chromatography. The Mark-Houwink equation in aqueous 0.08M KCl/0.01M NaAc at 30℃ was found to be [η]= 2.28×10^(-2) M_w^(0.52) (cm^3/g), which indicated the polysaccharide chain in the aqueous solution to be a spherical random coil.
文摘Ten fractionated samples of Chinese lacquer polysaccharide in aqueous 0.1M NaC1 solution were studied by aqueous-phase gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. The universal calibration, broad MWD calibration and corrected column dispersion were adopted to the analysis of GPC chromatograms of the polysaccharide. The molecular weights M;, M;and polydispersity index M;/M;obtained from GPC are in good agreement with the results of light scattering and membrane osmometry. It is verified that the universal calibration concept is applicable to the lacquer polysaccharide having a number of side chains.
文摘A method of determining branching parameter of lacquer polysaccharide wasestablished by acid-base back-titration of terminal uronic acid of branches. The branchingfactors obtained are in agreement with the values determined by colorimetric method withcarbazole and the results estimated by using Zimm-Stockmayer equation from viscositydata. Influences of molecular weights and branching factors of five fractions of lacquerpolysaccharide on the bioactivities were studied. The results show that the polysaccharideshave bioactivities in motivating the growth of leucocytes, and the effect increases with thedecrease of molecular weight and branching factor in the range studied (17×10~4 >M_w>4×10~4).
基金support by Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Plan Projects(Grant No.2020YFS0357)Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of China(Grant No.19YJC760009)+1 种基金Research Program of Science and Technology Agency of Sichuan of China(Project No.2012129068)Research Interest in Training Program of Sichuan Agricultural University(Project No.2021182)。
文摘In this study,different molar of methylolureas(MMU)were used to improve the properties and drying speed of the raw lacquer(RL).The drying time,gloss,pencil hardness and impact resistance of the lacquer film were tested.The thermal behaviors and chemical structures of the lacquer membrane were also discussed by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),fourier infrared spectrometer(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis,respectively.The results demonstrated that lower molar ratio MMU can significantly improve the properties of lacquer.The TGA analysis showed that the modified lacquer had high thermal stability than that of the control.The FT-IR and 13C NMR analysis revealed that the structures of the modified lacquer were significantly improved by cross-linking with the hydroxymethyl groups and methylene methyl ethers of MMU.In addition,through scanning electron microscopy(SEM)characterization,it was found that the introduction of MMU can effectively improve the surface smoothness of the lacquer film.
文摘Exploration of Lacquer Heritage Across China by Experts in 2019 kicked off in Beijing.It was guided by the Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Fourism, Hubei Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and Jingzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism and organized by Jingzhou Traditional Craft Workstation and Alliance for the Inheritance and Development of Lacquer Heritage (in preparation). The experts will visit the main lacquer production areas in China, breaking new ground lor the coordinated revitalization of the lacquer industry in China.
文摘The carved lacquer craft,a gem of traditional Chinese crafts,boasts a history of over 2,000 years and features craftsmanship of a superior order.This study attempts to investigate the typical tasks and learning result evaluation of carved lacquer apprentices at the novice stage by the method of qualitative research with 11 carved lacquer craft inheritors of a studio of a carved lacquer master.It is discovered that the design of carved lacquer draft sketches,the design of carved lacquer patterns,and the making and use of carved lacquer tools are typical tasks of novice apprentices,while the modeling and aesthetics of works,carving skills,and the level of interaction with the carved lacquer community are important criteria for evaluating the development of the skills of novice apprentices.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The synthetic method and structural characteristics of urushiol-titanium chelates (UT) and urushiol-titanium chelate polymer for anticorrosive coatings have been studied.Two kinds of coating films made from UT polymer show excellent physico-mechanical properties and possess good chemical resistance to strong acids and alkalis, many kinds of salt solutions and organic solvents, stable at high temperature.
