The art of polychrome lacquer painting with gold tracing and inlay represents the culmination of traditional Chinese lacquer craftsmanship.It integrates four core techniques-lacquer application,polychrome painting,gol...The art of polychrome lacquer painting with gold tracing and inlay represents the culmination of traditional Chinese lacquer craftsmanship.It integrates four core techniques-lacquer application,polychrome painting,gold tracing,and inlay-embodying the pinnacle of ancient artisan ingenuity.This paper begins by outlining the historical origins,technical characteristics,and cultural significance of this art form.Subsequently,using a Qing Dynasty“Hanging Screen Inlaid with Boxwood and Coral Depicting the Scene of Sudhana Paying Homage to Guanyin,with Polychrome Lacquer Painting and Gold Tracing”as a case study,it offers an in-depth analysis of its craftsmanship,visual elements,thematic narrative,and cultural connotations.The study aims to unveil its artistic value and contemporary relevance as a form of“living cultural heritage.”展开更多
The high incidence of postpartum hypogalactia hinders the healthy development of postpartum women and the next generation.Lacquer seed oil(LSO),extracted from the seeds of the lacquer tree,has been traditionally used ...The high incidence of postpartum hypogalactia hinders the healthy development of postpartum women and the next generation.Lacquer seed oil(LSO),extracted from the seeds of the lacquer tree,has been traditionally used as a dietary supplement for promoting postpartum lactation and recovery in some districts of China.However,its physiological effects have not been verified,and the mechanism and active components of LSO have not been analyzed.Thus,we applied LSO to bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia rats.The results showed that LSO supplement effectively improves bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia.LSO also increased prolactin levels reduced by bromocriptine,promoted JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT pathways and several gene expression levels of milk synthesis in mammary gland.Moreover,metabolomic and network pharmacological analysis further revealed that JAK2/STAT5,PI3K/AKT,and estrogen signaling pathway are the potential main regulatory sites for the beneficial effects of LSO on postpartum hypogalactia,and that quercetin,kaempferol,arachidonic acid,epicatechin,and β-sitosterol are the top 5 main active ingredients of LSO.Our results suggested that LSO has great potential in the application of the improvement of postpartum hypogalactia.展开更多
This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by s...This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by simultaneous adsorption from composite systems,as well as the relevant factors.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize adsorption behavior.The adsorption kinetics of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems can be effectively characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.97).In the Pb^(2+)-MB composite system,adsorption was antagonistic with similar adsorption sites.However,in the Pb^(2+)-CR composite system,we found that adsorption was synergistic with different adsorption sites,which led to a higher simultaneous adsorption capacity for a higher initial Pb^(2+)-CR concentration,unlike the Pb^(2+)-MB system.In both composite systems,an appropriate increase in LBM dosage and system temperature within a certain range was conducive to simultaneous adsorption and removal of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The optimal solid-liquid ratio and temperature were 1:75 and 30℃,respectively.The adsorption and removal rates of Pb^(2+)and MB were 99.98%and 90.49%,respectively,and those of Pb^(2+)and CR were 93.99%and 77.39%,respectively,in(50,50)mg/L of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems under these conditions.Adsorption removal of Pb^(2+)and MB improved with higher pH levels,and worsened with the increase of ionic strength in the solution,while the removal rate of CR showed an opposite trend.The coexisting anion and cation types had limited influence on the simultaneous adsorption removal of Pb^(2+),MB,and CR.The results of desorption showed that LBM can be utilized as a disposable material for simultaneously treating Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The simultaneous adsorption mechanisms of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR mainly involved hydrogen bonding,π-πbonding interaction,and electrostatic interaction.展开更多
Industrial paints exacerbate air pollution by emitting volatile organic compounds during application and drying processes.This study seeks to enhance the efficiency of Chinese natural paints and increase their accessi...Industrial paints exacerbate air pollution by emitting volatile organic compounds during application and drying processes.This study seeks to enhance the efficiency of Chinese natural paints and increase their accessibility as bio-based alternatives,thereby mitigating the adverse effects of industrial paints on the environment.The researchers incorporated ten materials into the Chinese natural lacquer,with the formulations containing 5%titanium dioxide nanoparticles and 5%polyurethane demonstrating superior performance.These formulations reduced the drying time of the Chinese natural lacquer to 12 hours and 8 hours,respectively,under climatic conditions of 34 degrees Celsius and 64%humidity,while also improving the physical properties of the expanding materials.By experimenting with the materials and processes of contemporary lacquer art,modern lacquer material drying time test,scanning electron microscope(SEM),water droplet angle test,pencil hardness test,adhesion test and other tests,expanding the modern lacquer art materials;the researchers carried out comparative experiments of creative practice,using modern Chinese lacquer materials completely original 32 lacquer paintings,20 of which were successful;the creation of lacquer paintings using the traditional methods The creation cycle of the works using the traditional method was around 2 months,as a control,the creation cycle of the lacquer paintings using the innovative method was between 2 weeks and 3 weeks,which is a drastic reduction in time.Expanded Chinese natural lacquer can contribute to the sustainable development of traditional Chinese lacquer art.展开更多
In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate ...In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians so as to explore the development of meridian system in ancient China.Methods:Based on collecting the photos of the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure and the representative acupuncture classics,the double evidence method(combining the unearthed relics/literature and extant literature) was performed to investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians.Furthermore,the development of regular meridians theory was analyzed from the number,distribution,direction and branches.Results:The routes of the 28 longitudinal white lines on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure are similar to the regular meridians in the ancient literature including Huángdì Nèijīng 《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic).The number,distribution and branches of the meridians intaglioed on the Laoguanshan lacquer figure suggested the evolution of the regular-meridian system from the eleven-meridian system to the twelve-meridian system.Conclusions:The meridian system of Laoguanshan lacquer figure was a link connecting the preceding and the following.The Laoguanshan lacquer figure played an important role in the development of the early meridian theory.展开更多
Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 fold...Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 folds, which was bigger than the Chinese cultivars (No.4 - No.6) of Rhus vernicifera et al. It had more than 5% ~ 10% of lacquer wax in pericard, and contained less than 6% - 8% of lacquer oil in seed. No.1 had lower acid value (A.V) and iodine value (I.V);the key factors for this were cultivar and its growing environment. The principal constituents of lacquer waxes of No.1?- No.6 were triglycerides of fatty acids with total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) of 75% - 82.7%, total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA) of 15.1% - 20%, and total dibasic acids (TDBA) of 5%. The CIEL a b system and Hunter whiteness formula were used to evaluate the bleaching effect on lacquer wax by physical adsorption and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The optimal conditions of physical decoloration were determined for activated carbon: kieselguhr = 3:2 (g/g) as adsorbent, a ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) for lacquer wax to petroleum ether, bleaching 30 min at 80?C. UV light achieved a good bleaching effect irradiated at 60?C for 60 hrs. UV irradiation definitely changed relative contents of fatty acids, TUSFA and TDBA decreased from 19.617% to 11.022% and 4.379% to 2.017% respectively, while TSFA could be raised from 76.462% to 86.077%, however, the mechanism of UV irradiation was still unclear and should be investigated in the future.展开更多
Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted b...Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted by a Xe lamp source, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of lacquer degradation could be determined on the basis of radiant energy. Tame-Urushi (brown) lacquer displayed peak degradation maxima at 220 and 315 nm. A broad shoulder peak was also observed in UVA. For Shu-Urushi (cinnabar) lacquer, in addition to peaks in the UVA–UVB range, a large degree of degradation was observed following exposure to light in the visible range. Ao-Urushi (green) lacquer showed similar characteristics, although it was less prone to degradation. Similarly, Shin-Urushi (black) lacquer showed little change in response to light, although UV light caused limited degradation. These results indicate that along with the damage caused by UVA and UVB, visible light in the range 510 - 650 nm may also have a significant degradation effect. Our results provide experimental evidence that Japanese lacquer responds differently to light of various wavelengths and that specific wavelengths, including visible light, can cause significant degradation.展开更多
Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and pr...Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and processing of lacquer sap, then introduce the chemical components, HPLC-MS characteristic, properity and polymerization mechanism, as well as processing techniques of Vietnamese lacquer sap. Combined with the experience of lacquer cultivation and processing of Chinese lacquer, key problems to restrict the development of lacquer value chain were analyzed in Vietnam, and some suggestions would also be proposed in this investigation.展开更多
文摘The art of polychrome lacquer painting with gold tracing and inlay represents the culmination of traditional Chinese lacquer craftsmanship.It integrates four core techniques-lacquer application,polychrome painting,gold tracing,and inlay-embodying the pinnacle of ancient artisan ingenuity.This paper begins by outlining the historical origins,technical characteristics,and cultural significance of this art form.Subsequently,using a Qing Dynasty“Hanging Screen Inlaid with Boxwood and Coral Depicting the Scene of Sudhana Paying Homage to Guanyin,with Polychrome Lacquer Painting and Gold Tracing”as a case study,it offers an in-depth analysis of its craftsmanship,visual elements,thematic narrative,and cultural connotations.The study aims to unveil its artistic value and contemporary relevance as a form of“living cultural heritage.”
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2020QFY08-03)Forestry Science and Technology Programs of Shaanxi Province(SXLK2020-0213)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)。
文摘The high incidence of postpartum hypogalactia hinders the healthy development of postpartum women and the next generation.Lacquer seed oil(LSO),extracted from the seeds of the lacquer tree,has been traditionally used as a dietary supplement for promoting postpartum lactation and recovery in some districts of China.However,its physiological effects have not been verified,and the mechanism and active components of LSO have not been analyzed.Thus,we applied LSO to bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia rats.The results showed that LSO supplement effectively improves bromocriptine-induced postpartum hypogalactia.LSO also increased prolactin levels reduced by bromocriptine,promoted JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT pathways and several gene expression levels of milk synthesis in mammary gland.Moreover,metabolomic and network pharmacological analysis further revealed that JAK2/STAT5,PI3K/AKT,and estrogen signaling pathway are the potential main regulatory sites for the beneficial effects of LSO on postpartum hypogalactia,and that quercetin,kaempferol,arachidonic acid,epicatechin,and β-sitosterol are the top 5 main active ingredients of LSO.Our results suggested that LSO has great potential in the application of the improvement of postpartum hypogalactia.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1702003 and 2023YFC3709001).
文摘This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by simultaneous adsorption from composite systems,as well as the relevant factors.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize adsorption behavior.The adsorption kinetics of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems can be effectively characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.97).In the Pb^(2+)-MB composite system,adsorption was antagonistic with similar adsorption sites.However,in the Pb^(2+)-CR composite system,we found that adsorption was synergistic with different adsorption sites,which led to a higher simultaneous adsorption capacity for a higher initial Pb^(2+)-CR concentration,unlike the Pb^(2+)-MB system.In both composite systems,an appropriate increase in LBM dosage and system temperature within a certain range was conducive to simultaneous adsorption and removal of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The optimal solid-liquid ratio and temperature were 1:75 and 30℃,respectively.The adsorption and removal rates of Pb^(2+)and MB were 99.98%and 90.49%,respectively,and those of Pb^(2+)and CR were 93.99%and 77.39%,respectively,in(50,50)mg/L of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems under these conditions.Adsorption removal of Pb^(2+)and MB improved with higher pH levels,and worsened with the increase of ionic strength in the solution,while the removal rate of CR showed an opposite trend.The coexisting anion and cation types had limited influence on the simultaneous adsorption removal of Pb^(2+),MB,and CR.The results of desorption showed that LBM can be utilized as a disposable material for simultaneously treating Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The simultaneous adsorption mechanisms of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR mainly involved hydrogen bonding,π-πbonding interaction,and electrostatic interaction.
文摘Industrial paints exacerbate air pollution by emitting volatile organic compounds during application and drying processes.This study seeks to enhance the efficiency of Chinese natural paints and increase their accessibility as bio-based alternatives,thereby mitigating the adverse effects of industrial paints on the environment.The researchers incorporated ten materials into the Chinese natural lacquer,with the formulations containing 5%titanium dioxide nanoparticles and 5%polyurethane demonstrating superior performance.These formulations reduced the drying time of the Chinese natural lacquer to 12 hours and 8 hours,respectively,under climatic conditions of 34 degrees Celsius and 64%humidity,while also improving the physical properties of the expanding materials.By experimenting with the materials and processes of contemporary lacquer art,modern lacquer material drying time test,scanning electron microscope(SEM),water droplet angle test,pencil hardness test,adhesion test and other tests,expanding the modern lacquer art materials;the researchers carried out comparative experiments of creative practice,using modern Chinese lacquer materials completely original 32 lacquer paintings,20 of which were successful;the creation of lacquer paintings using the traditional methods The creation cycle of the works using the traditional method was around 2 months,as a control,the creation cycle of the lacquer paintings using the innovative method was between 2 weeks and 3 weeks,which is a drastic reduction in time.Expanded Chinese natural lacquer can contribute to the sustainable development of traditional Chinese lacquer art.
基金Supported by the Youth Project of National Social Science Fund of China:14CKG008the Project of Chengdu Science and Technology:2014-RK00-00078-ZFthe Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2014K091。
文摘In 2012,a lacquer figure was unearthed from the Han dynasty tomb(188 BC-87 BC) at Chengdu Laoguanshan.The lines intaglioed on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure were similar to the meridians.Objective:To investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians so as to explore the development of meridian system in ancient China.Methods:Based on collecting the photos of the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure and the representative acupuncture classics,the double evidence method(combining the unearthed relics/literature and extant literature) was performed to investigate the relationship between the lines on this Laoguanshan lacquer figure and the regular meridians.Furthermore,the development of regular meridians theory was analyzed from the number,distribution,direction and branches.Results:The routes of the 28 longitudinal white lines on the Laoguan mountain lacquer figure are similar to the regular meridians in the ancient literature including Huángdì Nèijīng 《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic).The number,distribution and branches of the meridians intaglioed on the Laoguanshan lacquer figure suggested the evolution of the regular-meridian system from the eleven-meridian system to the twelve-meridian system.Conclusions:The meridian system of Laoguanshan lacquer figure was a link connecting the preceding and the following.The Laoguanshan lacquer figure played an important role in the development of the early meridian theory.
文摘Physicochemical properties of No.1 - No.6 lacquer berries were investigated from different origins. The Japan Showafuku (No.1) was the best cultivar of Rhus succedaneum, the size of the berry of it was near 3 -?4 folds, which was bigger than the Chinese cultivars (No.4 - No.6) of Rhus vernicifera et al. It had more than 5% ~ 10% of lacquer wax in pericard, and contained less than 6% - 8% of lacquer oil in seed. No.1 had lower acid value (A.V) and iodine value (I.V);the key factors for this were cultivar and its growing environment. The principal constituents of lacquer waxes of No.1?- No.6 were triglycerides of fatty acids with total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) of 75% - 82.7%, total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA) of 15.1% - 20%, and total dibasic acids (TDBA) of 5%. The CIEL a b system and Hunter whiteness formula were used to evaluate the bleaching effect on lacquer wax by physical adsorption and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The optimal conditions of physical decoloration were determined for activated carbon: kieselguhr = 3:2 (g/g) as adsorbent, a ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) for lacquer wax to petroleum ether, bleaching 30 min at 80?C. UV light achieved a good bleaching effect irradiated at 60?C for 60 hrs. UV irradiation definitely changed relative contents of fatty acids, TUSFA and TDBA decreased from 19.617% to 11.022% and 4.379% to 2.017% respectively, while TSFA could be raised from 76.462% to 86.077%, however, the mechanism of UV irradiation was still unclear and should be investigated in the future.
文摘Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted by a Xe lamp source, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of lacquer degradation could be determined on the basis of radiant energy. Tame-Urushi (brown) lacquer displayed peak degradation maxima at 220 and 315 nm. A broad shoulder peak was also observed in UVA. For Shu-Urushi (cinnabar) lacquer, in addition to peaks in the UVA–UVB range, a large degree of degradation was observed following exposure to light in the visible range. Ao-Urushi (green) lacquer showed similar characteristics, although it was less prone to degradation. Similarly, Shin-Urushi (black) lacquer showed little change in response to light, although UV light caused limited degradation. These results indicate that along with the damage caused by UVA and UVB, visible light in the range 510 - 650 nm may also have a significant degradation effect. Our results provide experimental evidence that Japanese lacquer responds differently to light of various wavelengths and that specific wavelengths, including visible light, can cause significant degradation.
文摘Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and processing of lacquer sap, then introduce the chemical components, HPLC-MS characteristic, properity and polymerization mechanism, as well as processing techniques of Vietnamese lacquer sap. Combined with the experience of lacquer cultivation and processing of Chinese lacquer, key problems to restrict the development of lacquer value chain were analyzed in Vietnam, and some suggestions would also be proposed in this investigation.
