To reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in rural areas,it is crucial to explore the impact of labor mobility on the sustainable livelihoods in mountainous regions.Here,based on a questionnaire survey of ...To reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in rural areas,it is crucial to explore the impact of labor mobility on the sustainable livelihoods in mountainous regions.Here,based on a questionnaire survey of farmers and in-depth interview data in the area of the Qinling-Daba Mountains of China in 2021,we analyzed the characteristics of labor mobility,with livelihood capital as the entry point,discussed the impact of labor mobility on farmers’sustainable livelihood using propensity score matching(PSM).The res-ults showed that labor mobility was common in the Qinling-Daba Mountains area,with some form of labor mobility in 61.97%of households.The majority of households had only male mobility,and labor mobility tended to be small in scale,low in frequency,yet permanent and over long distances.Labor mobility had a significantly positive impact on farmers in mountainous regions,increasing the livelihood sustainability of rural households by 7.83%.However,the impact of labor mobility on different livelihood capital was differ-ent,which had the greatest improvement on financial capital,followed by social capital,although it weakened natural capital to some extent.Except for high-frequency mobility,the comprehensive impact of other types of labor mobility was positive.Among them,medi-um-scale mobility,seasonal mobility,inter-provincial mobility,and low-frequency mobility had more pronounced positive effects on farmers’sustainable livelihoods.Our study provided a reference to guide policy on rural migration,with the aim of providing support for the sustainable development of mountainous villages.展开更多
With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen,and many farmers in rural areas have chosen to work in cities in order to get out of poverty. At the same...With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen,and many farmers in rural areas have chosen to work in cities in order to get out of poverty. At the same time,in the context of the policy of precise poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation,various helping and supporting measures for rural areas have also emerged. Supporting education in universities is one of the most important ones. With the Graduate Teaching Fellowship of Huazhong Agricultural University and the students and parents in the teaching sites as research objects,the impact of labor mobility and fixed-position supporting education in rural areas on rural families was explored in this paper using economics,sociology and other relevant theories and analytical methods. The results showed that labor mobility can promote the increase of rural household economic income. Outbound industries and regions have a major impact on the entire family development. However,the outflow of labor can also lead to various problems such as staying behind. The fixed-position supporting education in colleges and universities can,on the one hand,promote the improvement of the academic performance of the students in the teaching areas. On the other hand,it can help students develop good habits. Fixed-position supporting education of colleges and universities can be seen as a way to make up for the outflow of labor in rural areas. Combining the flow of labor force with the teaching support of colleges and universities can better promote the development of the entire family of farmers in rural areas.展开更多
This paper will discuss how labor mobility accelerates economic growth based on a comparative study between Egypt and Vietnam during the period of2009 to 2019 from the Index of Economic Freedom.This paper is based on ...This paper will discuss how labor mobility accelerates economic growth based on a comparative study between Egypt and Vietnam during the period of2009 to 2019 from the Index of Economic Freedom.This paper is based on analyzing the four main pillars of economic freedom.Using the Heritage Foundation to assess the labor mobility in both Egypt and Vietnam,both countries were considered as mostly unfree with an overall score of 52.5% with a world rank of 144 and an overall score of 55.3% with a world rank of 128,respectively.Lastly,this paper will investigate,propose,and recommend ways for Vietnam and Egypt to accelerate their growths via restructuring the labor market during the period of 2008 till 2018.展开更多
Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this...Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this question, we derive a simple wage gap equation including educational attainment, market potential and provincial border indicators. The regressions based on city and sector-level data show that, other things being equal, the wage dispersions within Chinese provincial borders are significantly less pronounced than those among provinces. Such border effects on spatial wage differentials, which have been shown to pervasively exist in all sectors considered in the present paper, reflect the distortions generated by migration controls. Finally, we show that despite the recent hukou reforms aimed at relaxing the restrictions on population movement, border effects appear to persisted over the period 2003-2005.展开更多
A rational hierarchy of rank-size distribution is indispensable for optimizing the urban hierarchy. On the basis of the number of permanent urban residents, using rank-size rule testing and core density estimation wit...A rational hierarchy of rank-size distribution is indispensable for optimizing the urban hierarchy. On the basis of the number of permanent urban residents, using rank-size rule testing and core density estimation within the framework of spatial economics, we set up a labor force location choice model and conducted quantitative simulations. Our fmdings show that the structure of China＇s urban hierarchy differs from the pyramid structure of Zipf＇s Law, and the household registration system impedes the free movement of labor and makes the size distribution of cities deviate from Pareto optimality. Household registration （hukou） reform will be conducive to the optimization of the urban hierarchy. Optimizing the urban hierarchy should become a consistent objective in today＇s development of new-type urbanization, city clusters and metropolitan areas.展开更多
The policies resulting in urban-rural segmentation have not only directly impeded the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas,but also trapped the process of urbanization in a low-level equilibrium,as the negative...The policies resulting in urban-rural segmentation have not only directly impeded the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas,but also trapped the process of urbanization in a low-level equilibrium,as the negative effects are amplified by interdependencies between interpersonal decisions.This paper finds from the CHIPS2002 data that there is interdependence of rural residents' decision-making on labor migration from rural to urban areas,and the interdependence is strengthened by the exchange of information between rural residents.According to the simulation results of the models in this paper,China's rural-urban labor migration is indeed at a low-level equilibrium.To get rid of the low-level equilibrium,in addition to improving the level of education and promotion of information exchange among rural residents,it is more important to implement "big push " policies to eliminate institutional barriers to labor mobility and accelerate urbanization with the social interaction.展开更多
This study examines the spillover effects of international film co-production using data on films released in the Chinese mainland from 2006 to 2018.The results indicate that local film producers can enhance their pro...This study examines the spillover effects of international film co-production using data on films released in the Chinese mainland from 2006 to 2018.The results indicate that local film producers can enhance their product performance by leveraging the expertise and practices of more sophisticated foreign firms during international co-productions.Heterogeneous effects were observed related to budget size,firm size,ownership structure,and cultural distance.These spillover effects can occur through two mechanisms:the demonstration effect(the adoption of more advanced technology)and the labor mobility effect(actors or directors upgrading their skills).An instrumental variable approach is employed to address endogeneity concerns.This study contributes to the spillover effects of international co-production,which has been neglected in the literature.Its empirical findings suggest that engaging in international co-production can potentially boost productivity for firms from developing countries.Host country governments may consider offering preferential policies to promote international co-production as an alternative to foreign direct investment(FDI),thereby fostering positive spillover effects.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371313,41971268)。
文摘To reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in rural areas,it is crucial to explore the impact of labor mobility on the sustainable livelihoods in mountainous regions.Here,based on a questionnaire survey of farmers and in-depth interview data in the area of the Qinling-Daba Mountains of China in 2021,we analyzed the characteristics of labor mobility,with livelihood capital as the entry point,discussed the impact of labor mobility on farmers’sustainable livelihood using propensity score matching(PSM).The res-ults showed that labor mobility was common in the Qinling-Daba Mountains area,with some form of labor mobility in 61.97%of households.The majority of households had only male mobility,and labor mobility tended to be small in scale,low in frequency,yet permanent and over long distances.Labor mobility had a significantly positive impact on farmers in mountainous regions,increasing the livelihood sustainability of rural households by 7.83%.However,the impact of labor mobility on different livelihood capital was differ-ent,which had the greatest improvement on financial capital,followed by social capital,although it weakened natural capital to some extent.Except for high-frequency mobility,the comprehensive impact of other types of labor mobility was positive.Among them,medi-um-scale mobility,seasonal mobility,inter-provincial mobility,and low-frequency mobility had more pronounced positive effects on farmers’sustainable livelihoods.Our study provided a reference to guide policy on rural migration,with the aim of providing support for the sustainable development of mountainous villages.
文摘With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen,and many farmers in rural areas have chosen to work in cities in order to get out of poverty. At the same time,in the context of the policy of precise poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation,various helping and supporting measures for rural areas have also emerged. Supporting education in universities is one of the most important ones. With the Graduate Teaching Fellowship of Huazhong Agricultural University and the students and parents in the teaching sites as research objects,the impact of labor mobility and fixed-position supporting education in rural areas on rural families was explored in this paper using economics,sociology and other relevant theories and analytical methods. The results showed that labor mobility can promote the increase of rural household economic income. Outbound industries and regions have a major impact on the entire family development. However,the outflow of labor can also lead to various problems such as staying behind. The fixed-position supporting education in colleges and universities can,on the one hand,promote the improvement of the academic performance of the students in the teaching areas. On the other hand,it can help students develop good habits. Fixed-position supporting education of colleges and universities can be seen as a way to make up for the outflow of labor in rural areas. Combining the flow of labor force with the teaching support of colleges and universities can better promote the development of the entire family of farmers in rural areas.
文摘This paper will discuss how labor mobility accelerates economic growth based on a comparative study between Egypt and Vietnam during the period of2009 to 2019 from the Index of Economic Freedom.This paper is based on analyzing the four main pillars of economic freedom.Using the Heritage Foundation to assess the labor mobility in both Egypt and Vietnam,both countries were considered as mostly unfree with an overall score of 52.5% with a world rank of 144 and an overall score of 55.3% with a world rank of 128,respectively.Lastly,this paper will investigate,propose,and recommend ways for Vietnam and Egypt to accelerate their growths via restructuring the labor market during the period of 2008 till 2018.
文摘Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this question, we derive a simple wage gap equation including educational attainment, market potential and provincial border indicators. The regressions based on city and sector-level data show that, other things being equal, the wage dispersions within Chinese provincial borders are significantly less pronounced than those among provinces. Such border effects on spatial wage differentials, which have been shown to pervasively exist in all sectors considered in the present paper, reflect the distortions generated by migration controls. Finally, we show that despite the recent hukou reforms aimed at relaxing the restrictions on population movement, border effects appear to persisted over the period 2003-2005.
基金supported by Grants from the Major Program of National Social Science Fund,Research of Theory and Practice of Spatial Economics in China(13&ZD166)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Research on the Location Choice heterogeneous Firms and Their Effect(71273285)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China,Effect of Resource Allocation by Industry Transfer:Based on the Perspective of Enterprise(20130171110043)the Humanities and Social Seience Major Program,supported by Educational Commission of Guangdong Province in China,Research on Transformation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Industry,Long-term mechanism of employment(2012ZGXM_0001)
文摘A rational hierarchy of rank-size distribution is indispensable for optimizing the urban hierarchy. On the basis of the number of permanent urban residents, using rank-size rule testing and core density estimation within the framework of spatial economics, we set up a labor force location choice model and conducted quantitative simulations. Our fmdings show that the structure of China＇s urban hierarchy differs from the pyramid structure of Zipf＇s Law, and the household registration system impedes the free movement of labor and makes the size distribution of cities deviate from Pareto optimality. Household registration （hukou） reform will be conducive to the optimization of the urban hierarchy. Optimizing the urban hierarchy should become a consistent objective in today＇s development of new-type urbanization, city clusters and metropolitan areas.
基金Fund support from the National Social Science Funds(12AZD045,13&ZD015)Natural Science Foundation(71133004)is acknowledged
文摘The policies resulting in urban-rural segmentation have not only directly impeded the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas,but also trapped the process of urbanization in a low-level equilibrium,as the negative effects are amplified by interdependencies between interpersonal decisions.This paper finds from the CHIPS2002 data that there is interdependence of rural residents' decision-making on labor migration from rural to urban areas,and the interdependence is strengthened by the exchange of information between rural residents.According to the simulation results of the models in this paper,China's rural-urban labor migration is indeed at a low-level equilibrium.To get rid of the low-level equilibrium,in addition to improving the level of education and promotion of information exchange among rural residents,it is more important to implement "big push " policies to eliminate institutional barriers to labor mobility and accelerate urbanization with the social interaction.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72403021)Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation(No.22JCC091)+2 种基金National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20210052)Program for Innovation Research in Central University of Finance and Economicsand Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BR-23-08B).
文摘This study examines the spillover effects of international film co-production using data on films released in the Chinese mainland from 2006 to 2018.The results indicate that local film producers can enhance their product performance by leveraging the expertise and practices of more sophisticated foreign firms during international co-productions.Heterogeneous effects were observed related to budget size,firm size,ownership structure,and cultural distance.These spillover effects can occur through two mechanisms:the demonstration effect(the adoption of more advanced technology)and the labor mobility effect(actors or directors upgrading their skills).An instrumental variable approach is employed to address endogeneity concerns.This study contributes to the spillover effects of international co-production,which has been neglected in the literature.Its empirical findings suggest that engaging in international co-production can potentially boost productivity for firms from developing countries.Host country governments may consider offering preferential policies to promote international co-production as an alternative to foreign direct investment(FDI),thereby fostering positive spillover effects.
