Beef cattle production is declining in the areas surrounding LVB （Lake Victoria Basin） due to many factors among which is the climate change. This study was focused on generating spatial knowledge that will be usefu...Beef cattle production is declining in the areas surrounding LVB （Lake Victoria Basin） due to many factors among which is the climate change. This study was focused on generating spatial knowledge that will be useful in designing appropriate strategies for improving beef cattle production on rangelands of the LVB, through assessing changes in stock routes in relation to water and pasture availability for livestock under a changing climate. The study used participatory mapping and focused group discussions to assess spatial changes of stock routes in relation to water availability and pasture under critical climate changes. Also, GIS （Geographic Information Systems） technologies were deployed in formalization of spatial layers for integration with other pertinent datasets to the facilitate analysis. The study revealed remarkable stock routes changes （i.e. some have been lost, some have been converted into roads, while others have been lost and others narrowed influencing conflicts between pastorists and farmers. The stock routes changes are made by the increased human population which has led to an increase of cultivated areas and subsequently the decline of water sources and grazing land for pastorists. It is recommended that there should be effective land use planning practice, real-time stock route modification concomitant with adverse climate changes and cattle farming practice. Intervention by other mitigation measures particuticularly rainwater harvesting which is a strategy for alleviation of climate change effects for improving beef cattle production in LVB areas is proposed.展开更多
Surgical treatment for lymphedema has undergone tremendous advancements over the years,with the earliest techniques focusing on ablative procedures such as liposuction and direct excision.With modern advancements in t...Surgical treatment for lymphedema has undergone tremendous advancements over the years,with the earliest techniques focusing on ablative procedures such as liposuction and direct excision.With modern advancements in technology,equipment,imaging,and microscope optics,physiologic procedures have emerged as the standard of care for lymphedema at high-volume institutions and centers of excellence.The lymphovenous bypass and the vascularized lymph node transfer operations have both proven to be effective means for treatment and improving the quality of life of patients suffering from lymphedema.However,with the established foundation of knowledge and experience,innovative approaches to optimize outcomes in patients undergoing supermicrosurgical treatment are constantly evolving.The present review presents a historical review of the lymphovenous bypass and vascularized lymph node transfer procedures and introduces some novel expansions of both techniques in the field of lymphedema surgery.展开更多
文摘Beef cattle production is declining in the areas surrounding LVB （Lake Victoria Basin） due to many factors among which is the climate change. This study was focused on generating spatial knowledge that will be useful in designing appropriate strategies for improving beef cattle production on rangelands of the LVB, through assessing changes in stock routes in relation to water and pasture availability for livestock under a changing climate. The study used participatory mapping and focused group discussions to assess spatial changes of stock routes in relation to water availability and pasture under critical climate changes. Also, GIS （Geographic Information Systems） technologies were deployed in formalization of spatial layers for integration with other pertinent datasets to the facilitate analysis. The study revealed remarkable stock routes changes （i.e. some have been lost, some have been converted into roads, while others have been lost and others narrowed influencing conflicts between pastorists and farmers. The stock routes changes are made by the increased human population which has led to an increase of cultivated areas and subsequently the decline of water sources and grazing land for pastorists. It is recommended that there should be effective land use planning practice, real-time stock route modification concomitant with adverse climate changes and cattle farming practice. Intervention by other mitigation measures particuticularly rainwater harvesting which is a strategy for alleviation of climate change effects for improving beef cattle production in LVB areas is proposed.
文摘Surgical treatment for lymphedema has undergone tremendous advancements over the years,with the earliest techniques focusing on ablative procedures such as liposuction and direct excision.With modern advancements in technology,equipment,imaging,and microscope optics,physiologic procedures have emerged as the standard of care for lymphedema at high-volume institutions and centers of excellence.The lymphovenous bypass and the vascularized lymph node transfer operations have both proven to be effective means for treatment and improving the quality of life of patients suffering from lymphedema.However,with the established foundation of knowledge and experience,innovative approaches to optimize outcomes in patients undergoing supermicrosurgical treatment are constantly evolving.The present review presents a historical review of the lymphovenous bypass and vascularized lymph node transfer procedures and introduces some novel expansions of both techniques in the field of lymphedema surgery.
