When humic acid (HA) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer are simultaneously applied to soil, HA may affect the movement of P. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of a commercial HA produ...When humic acid (HA) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer are simultaneously applied to soil, HA may affect the movement of P. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of a commercial HA product co-applied with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) on the distance of P movement and the concentration of P in various forms at different distances from the P fertilizer application site in a calcareous soil from northern China. Fertilizer MCP (at a rate equivalent to 26.6 kg P ha-1 ) was applied alone or in combination with HA (at 254.8 kg HA ha-1 ) to the surface of soil packed in cylinders (150 mm high and 50 mm internal diameter), and then incubated at 320 g kg-1 moisture content for 7 and 28 d periods. Extraction and analysis of each 2 mm soil layer in columns showed that the addition of HA to MCP increased the distance of P movement and the concentrations of water-extractable P, acid-extractable P and Olsen P in soil. The addition of HA to MCP could enhance P availability by increasing the distance of P movement and the concentration of extractable P in soil surrounding the P fertilizer.展开更多
The long-term performance and benefits of charcoal application on the carbon sequestration and properties of forest soils in temperate or non-tropical regions has not been studied in detail in spite of its important r...The long-term performance and benefits of charcoal application on the carbon sequestration and properties of forest soils in temperate or non-tropical regions has not been studied in detail in spite of its important role in global warming. This study was conducted to describe the long-term charcoal-induced changes in organic carbon (OC) content and other soil properties of temperate deciduous forests in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Three sites were sampled to collect composite soil samples from two depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) inside and outside of a plot of charcoal-enriched soils surrounding a historical charcoal production site (abandoned for more than 120 years). The presence of charcoal in soils for about 120 years elevated significantly the black carbon, total OC, natural soil OC, total nitrogen, dissolved organic matter, soil OC density, exchangeable bases, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity and available Fe, Mn and Zn compared to the adjacent reference soils. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH were 15.5 cmolc kg^-1 and 0.5 units, respectively, higher than the adjacent reference soils at 0–20 cm soil depth. However, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density and available Cu were higher in the adjacent reference soil. The aged charcoal had no significant effect on the microbial respiration rate of studied soils. The results of this study provide new insights and strong support for the long-term benefits of biochar application as a management strategy for improving soil productivity as well as sequestering large quantities of durable carbon in soils of the region and mitigating global warming.展开更多
Lipovtsy coal field mine №4 processed north-western reserves of Lipovtsy field in Primorski Krai (Russia). In 1997, the mine was declared unprofitable and was abandoned by natural flooding with no arrangement of mine...Lipovtsy coal field mine №4 processed north-western reserves of Lipovtsy field in Primorski Krai (Russia). In 1997, the mine was declared unprofitable and was abandoned by natural flooding with no arrangement of mine water discharge and in 2005 it was fully flooded. The main sources of pollution in the studied area are spoil heaps (mine wastes), underspoil filtering waters and mine waters which are being discharged on the surface after finishing of “hydraulic funnel” artificial support. The study of technogenic landscape of abandoned mine industrial area showed that its morphologic form is dominated by spoil heaps. Soils located near mine waste body differ from benchmark soils by chemical properties and size distribution. The influence of active hydrochemical mine and drainage water flows is the reason of the above-mentioned variation in soil properties. Results showed that, there exist a high correlation ratios between chemical composition of mine waters and water extracts from soil: Between the alkalinity of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.73), between mine water iron content and pH of soil water extract (r = −0.56), between the solid residue of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.72), between the mine waters calcium content and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = −0.75), between the alkalinity of mine waters and silicon dioxide content of soil water extracts (r = 0.61), between the mineralization of mine waters and chrome content of soil water extracts (r = 0.73).展开更多
通过详细的野外考察,在官亭盆地喇家遗址东侧二方村遗址区域发现完整的土壤沉积物剖面。该剖面记录了全新世土壤土地资源的形成和发展演变,以及灾难性地表过程和人类活动的信息。在深入观察分析的基础上,系统采样并进行多种指标测试分...通过详细的野外考察,在官亭盆地喇家遗址东侧二方村遗址区域发现完整的土壤沉积物剖面。该剖面记录了全新世土壤土地资源的形成和发展演变,以及灾难性地表过程和人类活动的信息。在深入观察分析的基础上,系统采样并进行多种指标测试分析及年代测定。结果表明:其基本的土壤层序由上到下为:现代表土层(MS)—现代黄土(L0)—全新世中期黑垆土(S0)—全新世早期过渡性黄土(Lt)。该序列最显著的特征,是全新世中期黑垆土古土壤被厚达1.2~1.5 m的山洪泥流沉积层分隔为2段,表明在OSL年龄3940~3780 a,对应喇家遗址14C年龄3850~3600 a BP期间,官亭盆地北侧第三系红层丘陵沟壑区发生大规模暴雨山洪泥流过程。它们在古洪积扇前沿二级阶地溢出沟槽,扩散覆盖土地表面,形成了山洪泥流层组。而辛店文化早期(3600~3400 a BP)的透镜状灰烬层,则出现在该沉积层组的表面。这表明以农牧混合型土地利用为特色的早期辛店/卡约文化在该区域的形成发展,是以灾难性地表过程沉积的红色砂土和粘土地为基础的。这就与山洪泥流层组之下齐家文化(4150~3850 a BP)时期粟黍类谷物种植农业赖以形成发展的肥沃疏松的黑垆土类土壤形成对照。该研究结果揭示出该区域史前人类原始农业土地利用方式由谷物种植向农牧混合的转变,是在全球性气候恶化背景下,由灾难性地表过程造成的土壤和土地资源的退化所引起的。这对于深入了解青藏高原与黄土高原过渡带环境变化与土地利用方式发展演变的驱动因素具有重要的科学意义。展开更多
基金Supported by the Shandong Provincial Doctoral Foundation of China(Nos.2007BS08013 and BS2012NY011)
文摘When humic acid (HA) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer are simultaneously applied to soil, HA may affect the movement of P. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of a commercial HA product co-applied with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) on the distance of P movement and the concentration of P in various forms at different distances from the P fertilizer application site in a calcareous soil from northern China. Fertilizer MCP (at a rate equivalent to 26.6 kg P ha-1 ) was applied alone or in combination with HA (at 254.8 kg HA ha-1 ) to the surface of soil packed in cylinders (150 mm high and 50 mm internal diameter), and then incubated at 320 g kg-1 moisture content for 7 and 28 d periods. Extraction and analysis of each 2 mm soil layer in columns showed that the addition of HA to MCP increased the distance of P movement and the concentrations of water-extractable P, acid-extractable P and Olsen P in soil. The addition of HA to MCP could enhance P availability by increasing the distance of P movement and the concentration of extractable P in soil surrounding the P fertilizer.
基金supported by Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,Mazandaran province,Iran
文摘The long-term performance and benefits of charcoal application on the carbon sequestration and properties of forest soils in temperate or non-tropical regions has not been studied in detail in spite of its important role in global warming. This study was conducted to describe the long-term charcoal-induced changes in organic carbon (OC) content and other soil properties of temperate deciduous forests in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Three sites were sampled to collect composite soil samples from two depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) inside and outside of a plot of charcoal-enriched soils surrounding a historical charcoal production site (abandoned for more than 120 years). The presence of charcoal in soils for about 120 years elevated significantly the black carbon, total OC, natural soil OC, total nitrogen, dissolved organic matter, soil OC density, exchangeable bases, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity and available Fe, Mn and Zn compared to the adjacent reference soils. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH were 15.5 cmolc kg^-1 and 0.5 units, respectively, higher than the adjacent reference soils at 0–20 cm soil depth. However, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density and available Cu were higher in the adjacent reference soil. The aged charcoal had no significant effect on the microbial respiration rate of studied soils. The results of this study provide new insights and strong support for the long-term benefits of biochar application as a management strategy for improving soil productivity as well as sequestering large quantities of durable carbon in soils of the region and mitigating global warming.
文摘Lipovtsy coal field mine №4 processed north-western reserves of Lipovtsy field in Primorski Krai (Russia). In 1997, the mine was declared unprofitable and was abandoned by natural flooding with no arrangement of mine water discharge and in 2005 it was fully flooded. The main sources of pollution in the studied area are spoil heaps (mine wastes), underspoil filtering waters and mine waters which are being discharged on the surface after finishing of “hydraulic funnel” artificial support. The study of technogenic landscape of abandoned mine industrial area showed that its morphologic form is dominated by spoil heaps. Soils located near mine waste body differ from benchmark soils by chemical properties and size distribution. The influence of active hydrochemical mine and drainage water flows is the reason of the above-mentioned variation in soil properties. Results showed that, there exist a high correlation ratios between chemical composition of mine waters and water extracts from soil: Between the alkalinity of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.73), between mine water iron content and pH of soil water extract (r = −0.56), between the solid residue of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.72), between the mine waters calcium content and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = −0.75), between the alkalinity of mine waters and silicon dioxide content of soil water extracts (r = 0.61), between the mineralization of mine waters and chrome content of soil water extracts (r = 0.73).
文摘通过详细的野外考察,在官亭盆地喇家遗址东侧二方村遗址区域发现完整的土壤沉积物剖面。该剖面记录了全新世土壤土地资源的形成和发展演变,以及灾难性地表过程和人类活动的信息。在深入观察分析的基础上,系统采样并进行多种指标测试分析及年代测定。结果表明:其基本的土壤层序由上到下为:现代表土层(MS)—现代黄土(L0)—全新世中期黑垆土(S0)—全新世早期过渡性黄土(Lt)。该序列最显著的特征,是全新世中期黑垆土古土壤被厚达1.2~1.5 m的山洪泥流沉积层分隔为2段,表明在OSL年龄3940~3780 a,对应喇家遗址14C年龄3850~3600 a BP期间,官亭盆地北侧第三系红层丘陵沟壑区发生大规模暴雨山洪泥流过程。它们在古洪积扇前沿二级阶地溢出沟槽,扩散覆盖土地表面,形成了山洪泥流层组。而辛店文化早期(3600~3400 a BP)的透镜状灰烬层,则出现在该沉积层组的表面。这表明以农牧混合型土地利用为特色的早期辛店/卡约文化在该区域的形成发展,是以灾难性地表过程沉积的红色砂土和粘土地为基础的。这就与山洪泥流层组之下齐家文化(4150~3850 a BP)时期粟黍类谷物种植农业赖以形成发展的肥沃疏松的黑垆土类土壤形成对照。该研究结果揭示出该区域史前人类原始农业土地利用方式由谷物种植向农牧混合的转变,是在全球性气候恶化背景下,由灾难性地表过程造成的土壤和土地资源的退化所引起的。这对于深入了解青藏高原与黄土高原过渡带环境变化与土地利用方式发展演变的驱动因素具有重要的科学意义。
