Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine...Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine faced an existential crisis.Due to Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage)being characterized by its emphasis on clinical efficacy rather than metaphysical speculation,and under the influence of Japanese Kampo medicine,which highly valued the study of Shang Han Lun and promoted Chinese-Western integration,Shang Han Lun Theory emerged as a primary breakthrough point for the scientification of TCM.Modern-era scholars of Shang Han Lun Theory developed innovative interpretations of the six meridians from multiple perspectives,including reinterpretation based on syndromic patterns,organ structures and physiopathological mechanisms,the Stage-based Model,and pathological location and nature.They also incorporated new scientific knowledge such as bacteriology,physiology,pathology,and pharmacology to reinterpret the etiology,medicinals,and formulas within the Shang Han Lun.Moreover,these scholars pioneered the clinical co-application of Western pharmaceuticals with Shang Han Lun–based formulas,introduced Western diagnostic instruments into TCM clinical practice,and explored institutional models of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine.These innovations and transformations led to the formation of a new research paradigm within Shang Han Lun Theory,which not only countered the criticisms from Western medicine,thereby preserving the academic and clinical space for TCM,but also initiated a new educational model for Shang Han Lun studies.More importantly,it laid a crucial theoretical and practical foundation for the post-1949 development of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine,marking a significant milestone in the modern history of Chinese medicine.展开更多
Ye Tianshi was a renowned expert in classical formulas during the Qing Dynasty.He created the Light Bitterness and Mild Pungency Method,which is formulated based on the compatibility of“Xing(bitter almond),Kou(Fructu...Ye Tianshi was a renowned expert in classical formulas during the Qing Dynasty.He created the Light Bitterness and Mild Pungency Method,which is formulated based on the compatibility of“Xing(bitter almond),Kou(Fructus amomi rotundus),Ju(tangerine peel),and Jie(platycodon root)”.This method regulates the dispersion and descent of lung Qi to dispel warm-heat pathogens and smooth the Qi movement of the triple energizer.In the treatment of lung system diseases,Ye classified them into two major categories based on etiology and pathogenesis:excess syndrome of nutrient-defense and deficiency syndrome of nutrient-defense.When discussing the treatment of cough caused by phlegm-fluid retention,he frequently referred to Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and attached great importance to summarizing and absorbing the academic thoughts of predecessors.As an accomplished expert in classical formulas,Ye Tianshi followed the academic essence of Xuanyuan and Qi Bo(founders of TCM theory)and respected the principles of Zhang Zhongjing’s classical formulas,integrating these theories in a coherent manner.With his masterful application of classical formulas to achieve remarkable curative effects,Ye’s academic viewpoints on treating lung system diseases still exert a profound influence on the modern clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.展开更多
By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),an...By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.展开更多
The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin ...The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.展开更多
Objective: Adopting the methods of Evidence-based Medicine research to acquire the dominant prescriptions of Shanghan Zabing Lun in the treatment of Endometriosis, meanwhile to fully dig the value of classical prescri...Objective: Adopting the methods of Evidence-based Medicine research to acquire the dominant prescriptions of Shanghan Zabing Lun in the treatment of Endometriosis, meanwhile to fully dig the value of classical prescriptions. Method: Firstly, we searched and collected the literatures from last three decades in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases, which are about classical prescriptions treating endometriosis. Then, by screening all the literatures, we obtained the clinical research literatures and individual case reports. Finally, we went through the internal quality of the two categories of literatures to get the dominant prescriptions. Results: 22 Shanghan Zabing Lun prescriptions have been used in the treatment of endometriosis. According to the clinical research and case literatures, Guizhi Fuling Wan is the prime prescription to treat endometriosis with high quality and high frequency. Conclusions: Through evidence-based medical research and evaluation of evidence, it can be seen that treatment of endometriosis presents a certain tendency that Guizhi Fuling Wan, Wenjing Decoction and Dahuang Zhechong Wan have good clinical effect treating endometriosis and their syndromes are well matched with the symptoms of endometriosis in the present clinical environment.展开更多
As the theoretical source of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine,Shanghan Lun plays a vital role in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.Stress is a systemic nonspecific and adaptive res...As the theoretical source of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine,Shanghan Lun plays a vital role in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.Stress is a systemic nonspecific and adaptive response that occurs when the body is stimulated by internal and external environmental factors.This paper discusses the correlation between the three phases of stress containing alarm,resistance,and exhaustion and the three yin and three yang diseases.It was concluded that sanyang diseases were related to the alarm stage and resistance stage,and sanyin diseases were related to the failure stage.The results indicated the essence of diseases of six meridians from the perspective of stress and provided reference for the diagnosis and treatment of six classics diseases.展开更多
Different treatment for the same disease is that different treatment is based on different pathogenesis namely different syndrome.And the same treatment for different diseases is due to the same pathogenesis in other ...Different treatment for the same disease is that different treatment is based on different pathogenesis namely different syndrome.And the same treatment for different diseases is due to the same pathogenesis in other word the same syndrome.The essence of them is that treatments are based on corresponding syndrome.And the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation is the precondition of them.Shanghan Lun is the first work about treatment variation based on syndrome differentiation.It contains the principle of them.This paper sets forth them of Shanghan Lun in above-mentioned aspects.展开更多
The earliest description of Cai Lun is that of an inventor of papermaking,which is included in historical books such as Dong Guan Han Ji and The Book of the Later Han;later,in his hometown,he was also inked by scholar...The earliest description of Cai Lun is that of an inventor of papermaking,which is included in historical books such as Dong Guan Han Ji and The Book of the Later Han;later,in his hometown,he was also inked by scholars because of some monuments about him,or the authors used his experience to express their own emotions.Recently,Cai Lun’s image has been clarified in textbooks,literary works,and urban civilization construction and is no longer considered merely a pioneer of papermaking.The development of his historical and literary image derives not only from the need for academic research but also the need to establish the Chinese nationalism and patriotism and promote traditional culture.展开更多
Background The Chinese medical archive, Shang-Han Lun, is said to be written by ZHANG Zhong-jing （150-219 A.D.） This great influential work introduced the specific symptoms of six-channel disorders （Tai-Yang, Yang-...Background The Chinese medical archive, Shang-Han Lun, is said to be written by ZHANG Zhong-jing （150-219 A.D.） This great influential work introduced the specific symptoms of six-channel disorders （Tai-Yang, Yang-Ming, Shao-Yang, Tai-Yin, Shao-Yin, and Jue-Yin） and their corresponding treatments, the combined syndromes, deterioration due to malpractice, and the concept of six-channel transitions. The concept of Shang-Han Lun is widely accepted by Chinese herbal doctors. However, no clinical data about Shang-Han symptoms are described in oriental or western medical reports. Methods The clinical prescription data of traditional Chinese medicine visits were extracted under the National Health Insurance in Taiwan. The application rate of 42 Shang-Han formulae in clinical practice was analyzed in detail with the software SPSS. Results Between 1999 and 2002, the prescription rate of Shang-Han formula was only 5.22% among a total of 528 889 576 Chinese herbal formula prescriptions. The most frequently used formula was Tai-Yang formulae （71.31%）, followed by Shao-Yang formulae （17.49%） and the most commonly prescribed individual Shang-Han formulae were Ge-Gen Tang （16.11%）, Shao-Yao-Gan-Cao Tang （12.97%）, Xiao-Qing-Long Tang （11.79%）, Ban-Xia Xie-Xin Tang （10.24%）, and Xiao-Chai-Hu Tang （9.11%）, which comprised 60.22% of the utilization rate of total Shang-Han formulae. Conclusions From the prescription patterns of Shang-Han formulae, there was no evidence of transitions among the six channels. Despite the fundamental role of Shang-Han Lun in traditional Chinese medicine, prescription of Shang-Han formulae was limited in clinical practice.展开更多
Abstract Dating back to at least the Han dynasty, calligraphy has been a powerful object of culture and a medium of elite education, document preparation, and character evaluation. Discourses surrounding rulers and ca...Abstract Dating back to at least the Han dynasty, calligraphy has been a powerful object of culture and a medium of elite education, document preparation, and character evaluation. Discourses surrounding rulers and calligraphy form an important sub-strand in materials on calligraphy, and these accounts often depict calligraphy as a vehicle capable of reflecting a ruler＇s moral character. This paper explores narratives that blame early Tang women power-holders, in particular, the Taiping and Anle Princesses, for borrowing and subsequently losing precious calligraphic items that were considered the authentic work of Wang Xizhi. The analysis focuses on the ways in which the different narratives describe the physical movement or location of the Wang Xizhi pieces in relation to contemporary rule and factional politics. The narratives interpret the calligraphic manuscripts as an example of the cultural inheritance, to which the ruler should properly relate in particular ways. In this way, the fate of the Wang Xizhi artifacts is understood in terms of the complex relationship between imperial power and the court＇s cultural legacy.展开更多
基金financed by the grant from the major project of the second batch of approved topics under the Zhejiang Cultural Research Project in 2023(No.23WH27ZD).
文摘Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine faced an existential crisis.Due to Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage)being characterized by its emphasis on clinical efficacy rather than metaphysical speculation,and under the influence of Japanese Kampo medicine,which highly valued the study of Shang Han Lun and promoted Chinese-Western integration,Shang Han Lun Theory emerged as a primary breakthrough point for the scientification of TCM.Modern-era scholars of Shang Han Lun Theory developed innovative interpretations of the six meridians from multiple perspectives,including reinterpretation based on syndromic patterns,organ structures and physiopathological mechanisms,the Stage-based Model,and pathological location and nature.They also incorporated new scientific knowledge such as bacteriology,physiology,pathology,and pharmacology to reinterpret the etiology,medicinals,and formulas within the Shang Han Lun.Moreover,these scholars pioneered the clinical co-application of Western pharmaceuticals with Shang Han Lun–based formulas,introduced Western diagnostic instruments into TCM clinical practice,and explored institutional models of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine.These innovations and transformations led to the formation of a new research paradigm within Shang Han Lun Theory,which not only countered the criticisms from Western medicine,thereby preserving the academic and clinical space for TCM,but also initiated a new educational model for Shang Han Lun studies.More importantly,it laid a crucial theoretical and practical foundation for the post-1949 development of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine,marking a significant milestone in the modern history of Chinese medicine.
文摘Ye Tianshi was a renowned expert in classical formulas during the Qing Dynasty.He created the Light Bitterness and Mild Pungency Method,which is formulated based on the compatibility of“Xing(bitter almond),Kou(Fructus amomi rotundus),Ju(tangerine peel),and Jie(platycodon root)”.This method regulates the dispersion and descent of lung Qi to dispel warm-heat pathogens and smooth the Qi movement of the triple energizer.In the treatment of lung system diseases,Ye classified them into two major categories based on etiology and pathogenesis:excess syndrome of nutrient-defense and deficiency syndrome of nutrient-defense.When discussing the treatment of cough caused by phlegm-fluid retention,he frequently referred to Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and attached great importance to summarizing and absorbing the academic thoughts of predecessors.As an accomplished expert in classical formulas,Ye Tianshi followed the academic essence of Xuanyuan and Qi Bo(founders of TCM theory)and respected the principles of Zhang Zhongjing’s classical formulas,integrating these theories in a coherent manner.With his masterful application of classical formulas to achieve remarkable curative effects,Ye’s academic viewpoints on treating lung system diseases still exert a profound influence on the modern clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture and Management Research Project(TCM2022036)Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Publication Funding Special Project(TCMCB2023016)+3 种基金Henan University of Chinese Medicine Research Seedling Project(MP2023-29)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-043-1)Henan Culture-Promoting Project Cultural Research Special Project(2022XWH231)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-037).
文摘By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.
文摘The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.
文摘Objective: Adopting the methods of Evidence-based Medicine research to acquire the dominant prescriptions of Shanghan Zabing Lun in the treatment of Endometriosis, meanwhile to fully dig the value of classical prescriptions. Method: Firstly, we searched and collected the literatures from last three decades in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases, which are about classical prescriptions treating endometriosis. Then, by screening all the literatures, we obtained the clinical research literatures and individual case reports. Finally, we went through the internal quality of the two categories of literatures to get the dominant prescriptions. Results: 22 Shanghan Zabing Lun prescriptions have been used in the treatment of endometriosis. According to the clinical research and case literatures, Guizhi Fuling Wan is the prime prescription to treat endometriosis with high quality and high frequency. Conclusions: Through evidence-based medical research and evaluation of evidence, it can be seen that treatment of endometriosis presents a certain tendency that Guizhi Fuling Wan, Wenjing Decoction and Dahuang Zhechong Wan have good clinical effect treating endometriosis and their syndromes are well matched with the symptoms of endometriosis in the present clinical environment.
文摘As the theoretical source of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine,Shanghan Lun plays a vital role in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.Stress is a systemic nonspecific and adaptive response that occurs when the body is stimulated by internal and external environmental factors.This paper discusses the correlation between the three phases of stress containing alarm,resistance,and exhaustion and the three yin and three yang diseases.It was concluded that sanyang diseases were related to the alarm stage and resistance stage,and sanyin diseases were related to the failure stage.The results indicated the essence of diseases of six meridians from the perspective of stress and provided reference for the diagnosis and treatment of six classics diseases.
文摘Different treatment for the same disease is that different treatment is based on different pathogenesis namely different syndrome.And the same treatment for different diseases is due to the same pathogenesis in other word the same syndrome.The essence of them is that treatments are based on corresponding syndrome.And the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation is the precondition of them.Shanghan Lun is the first work about treatment variation based on syndrome differentiation.It contains the principle of them.This paper sets forth them of Shanghan Lun in above-mentioned aspects.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Quality Engineering Project of Colleges and Universities(2022jyxm1833,2019jyxm0014,2014jyxm015)Anhui Province New Era Education Quality Engineering Project(2022szsfkc010,2022jyjxggyj031,2022jyjxggyj030)University of Science and Technology of China Teaching Research Project(2023xjyxm060,2022xjyxm009,2022ychx10,2022ycjg14,2020kcsz062,2021ycjg12,2021kcsz035,2023xkcszkc08).
文摘The earliest description of Cai Lun is that of an inventor of papermaking,which is included in historical books such as Dong Guan Han Ji and The Book of the Later Han;later,in his hometown,he was also inked by scholars because of some monuments about him,or the authors used his experience to express their own emotions.Recently,Cai Lun’s image has been clarified in textbooks,literary works,and urban civilization construction and is no longer considered merely a pioneer of papermaking.The development of his historical and literary image derives not only from the need for academic research but also the need to establish the Chinese nationalism and patriotism and promote traditional culture.
文摘Background The Chinese medical archive, Shang-Han Lun, is said to be written by ZHANG Zhong-jing （150-219 A.D.） This great influential work introduced the specific symptoms of six-channel disorders （Tai-Yang, Yang-Ming, Shao-Yang, Tai-Yin, Shao-Yin, and Jue-Yin） and their corresponding treatments, the combined syndromes, deterioration due to malpractice, and the concept of six-channel transitions. The concept of Shang-Han Lun is widely accepted by Chinese herbal doctors. However, no clinical data about Shang-Han symptoms are described in oriental or western medical reports. Methods The clinical prescription data of traditional Chinese medicine visits were extracted under the National Health Insurance in Taiwan. The application rate of 42 Shang-Han formulae in clinical practice was analyzed in detail with the software SPSS. Results Between 1999 and 2002, the prescription rate of Shang-Han formula was only 5.22% among a total of 528 889 576 Chinese herbal formula prescriptions. The most frequently used formula was Tai-Yang formulae （71.31%）, followed by Shao-Yang formulae （17.49%） and the most commonly prescribed individual Shang-Han formulae were Ge-Gen Tang （16.11%）, Shao-Yao-Gan-Cao Tang （12.97%）, Xiao-Qing-Long Tang （11.79%）, Ban-Xia Xie-Xin Tang （10.24%）, and Xiao-Chai-Hu Tang （9.11%）, which comprised 60.22% of the utilization rate of total Shang-Han formulae. Conclusions From the prescription patterns of Shang-Han formulae, there was no evidence of transitions among the six channels. Despite the fundamental role of Shang-Han Lun in traditional Chinese medicine, prescription of Shang-Han formulae was limited in clinical practice.
文摘Abstract Dating back to at least the Han dynasty, calligraphy has been a powerful object of culture and a medium of elite education, document preparation, and character evaluation. Discourses surrounding rulers and calligraphy form an important sub-strand in materials on calligraphy, and these accounts often depict calligraphy as a vehicle capable of reflecting a ruler＇s moral character. This paper explores narratives that blame early Tang women power-holders, in particular, the Taiping and Anle Princesses, for borrowing and subsequently losing precious calligraphic items that were considered the authentic work of Wang Xizhi. The analysis focuses on the ways in which the different narratives describe the physical movement or location of the Wang Xizhi pieces in relation to contemporary rule and factional politics. The narratives interpret the calligraphic manuscripts as an example of the cultural inheritance, to which the ruler should properly relate in particular ways. In this way, the fate of the Wang Xizhi artifacts is understood in terms of the complex relationship between imperial power and the court＇s cultural legacy.
