<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the developing world, pneumonia is not only more common than...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the developing world, pneumonia is not only more common than it is in Europe or North America;it is also more severe and considered the leading cause of under-five</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mortality. Effective management of pneumonia in children under 3-year-old-age is still challenging due to various causes. Some authors believed in</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">non-calcemic role of vitamin D as a potential factor in the pathogenesis, prevention, or therapy of pneumonia in this specific age.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pu</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rpose:</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Investigate the Vitamin D status in pneumonia among ch</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ildren between 6 months to 3 years of age.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Subjects and Methods:</span></b></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study was conducted in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pediatric point of care at Al-Zahraa University Hospital on 90 children aged 6 months to 3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years old;divided into two groups: group I (study group) including 47 patients presented with pneumonia and group II (control group) including 43 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex with no evidence of pneumonia. Serum vitamin D was estimated with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The vitamin D level showed no significant difference between the two groups of the study.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Possible role of vitamin D in disease process of pneumonia in children between 6 months to 3 years could not be assured.</span>展开更多
Introduction: Thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis can cause significant pain and limitation in activity. Patients who are unable to obtain symptomatic relief from anti-inflammatories, splinting, and cortisone inject...Introduction: Thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis can cause significant pain and limitation in activity. Patients who are unable to obtain symptomatic relief from anti-inflammatories, splinting, and cortisone injections may be indicated for surgical treatment. The earliest form of surgical intervention was trapeziectomy alone;since, numerous adjunctive procedures have evolved. In this study, we conduct a literature review comparing outcomes of simple trapeziectomy to other interventions for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis. Methods: A literature search using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted. Inclusion criteria were the following: 1) the study was a primary study written in English, 2) treatment options were surgical and compared trapeziectomy with other forms of surgical treatment for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis, 3) the study was a randomized controlled trial, 4) the study included outcomes such as pain, physical function, range of motion, and/or strength. Included studies were then compiled into a table for further review. Results: 11 studies met inclusion criteria. All studies were randomized controlled trials and demonstrated level II evidence. Surgical procedures in these studies included ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI), flexor carpi radialis suspension, carpometacarpal joint denervation, and carpometacarpal joint arthroplasty. No significant differences were found between trapeziectomy alone versus adjunctive surgical procedures when comparing patient-reported outcomes, patient satisfaction, range of motion, grip strength, and key/tip pinch strength with follow-up ranging from 1 year to 18 years post-operative. Discussion/Conclusions: In our review of the evidence, we find no significant differences in patient-reported outcomes, patient satisfaction, range of motion, grip strength, and key/tip pinch strength both in the short- and long-term post-operative periods. This raises the question of whether adjunctive procedures are necessary for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal arthritis, as they may lead to increased operative time, costs, and complications compared to trapeziectomy alone.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the developing world, pneumonia is not only more common than it is in Europe or North America;it is also more severe and considered the leading cause of under-five</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mortality. Effective management of pneumonia in children under 3-year-old-age is still challenging due to various causes. Some authors believed in</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">non-calcemic role of vitamin D as a potential factor in the pathogenesis, prevention, or therapy of pneumonia in this specific age.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pu</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rpose:</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Investigate the Vitamin D status in pneumonia among ch</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ildren between 6 months to 3 years of age.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Subjects and Methods:</span></b></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study was conducted in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pediatric point of care at Al-Zahraa University Hospital on 90 children aged 6 months to 3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years old;divided into two groups: group I (study group) including 47 patients presented with pneumonia and group II (control group) including 43 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex with no evidence of pneumonia. Serum vitamin D was estimated with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The vitamin D level showed no significant difference between the two groups of the study.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Possible role of vitamin D in disease process of pneumonia in children between 6 months to 3 years could not be assured.</span>
文摘Introduction: Thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis can cause significant pain and limitation in activity. Patients who are unable to obtain symptomatic relief from anti-inflammatories, splinting, and cortisone injections may be indicated for surgical treatment. The earliest form of surgical intervention was trapeziectomy alone;since, numerous adjunctive procedures have evolved. In this study, we conduct a literature review comparing outcomes of simple trapeziectomy to other interventions for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis. Methods: A literature search using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted. Inclusion criteria were the following: 1) the study was a primary study written in English, 2) treatment options were surgical and compared trapeziectomy with other forms of surgical treatment for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis, 3) the study was a randomized controlled trial, 4) the study included outcomes such as pain, physical function, range of motion, and/or strength. Included studies were then compiled into a table for further review. Results: 11 studies met inclusion criteria. All studies were randomized controlled trials and demonstrated level II evidence. Surgical procedures in these studies included ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI), flexor carpi radialis suspension, carpometacarpal joint denervation, and carpometacarpal joint arthroplasty. No significant differences were found between trapeziectomy alone versus adjunctive surgical procedures when comparing patient-reported outcomes, patient satisfaction, range of motion, grip strength, and key/tip pinch strength with follow-up ranging from 1 year to 18 years post-operative. Discussion/Conclusions: In our review of the evidence, we find no significant differences in patient-reported outcomes, patient satisfaction, range of motion, grip strength, and key/tip pinch strength both in the short- and long-term post-operative periods. This raises the question of whether adjunctive procedures are necessary for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal arthritis, as they may lead to increased operative time, costs, and complications compared to trapeziectomy alone.
