Security is the one of the major challenges for routing the data between the source and destination in an Internet of Things(IoT)network.To overcome this challenge,a secure Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distancevector...Security is the one of the major challenges for routing the data between the source and destination in an Internet of Things(IoT)network.To overcome this challenge,a secure Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distancevector—Next Generation(LOADng)Routing Protocol is proposed in this paper.As the LOADng protocol is the second version of Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)protocol,it retains most of the basic functionality and characteristics of AODV.During the route discovery process,the cyclic shift transposition algorithm(CSTA)is used to encrypt the control packets of the LOADng protocol to improve its security.CSTA approach only derives transposition and substitution without product cipher with respect to input data.Besides this,for choosing the best probable path between the source and destination,routing metrics such as link quality Indicator(LQI),hop count(HC)and queue length(QL)are included in the control packets.The data is then securely sent using CSTA using the optimal secure path selected.Experimental Results depict that the proposed secure and optimal LOADng(SO-LOADng)using CSTA encryption obtains better throughput,delivery ratio encryption time and decryption time than the existing state-ofart approaches.展开更多
Interconnected devices and intelligent applications have slashed human intervention in the Internet of Things(IoT),making it possible to accomplish tasks with less human interaction.However,it faces many problems,incl...Interconnected devices and intelligent applications have slashed human intervention in the Internet of Things(IoT),making it possible to accomplish tasks with less human interaction.However,it faces many problems,including lower capacity links,energy utilization,enhancement of resources and limited resources due to its openness,heterogeneity,limited resources and extensiveness.It is challenging to route packets in such a constrained environment.In an IoT network constrained by limited resources,minimal routing control overhead is required without packet loss.Such constrained environments can be improved through the optimal routing protocol.It is challenging to route packets in such a constrained environment.Thus,this work is motivated to present an efficient routing protocol for enhancing the lifetime of the IoT network.Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol—Next Generation(LOADng)protocol is an extended version of the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)protocol.Unlike AODV,LOADng is a lighter version that forbids the intermediate nodes on the route to send a route reply(RREP)for the route request(RREQ),which originated from the source.A resource-constrained IoT network demands minimal routing control overhead and faster packet delivery.So,in this paper,the parameters of the LOADng routing protocol are optimized using the black widow optimization(BWO)algorithm to reduce the control overhead and delay.Furthermore,the performance of the proposed model is analyzed with the default LOADng in terms of delay,delivery ratio and overhead.Obtained results show that the LOADng-BWO protocol outperforms the conventional LOADng protocol.展开更多
文摘Security is the one of the major challenges for routing the data between the source and destination in an Internet of Things(IoT)network.To overcome this challenge,a secure Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distancevector—Next Generation(LOADng)Routing Protocol is proposed in this paper.As the LOADng protocol is the second version of Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)protocol,it retains most of the basic functionality and characteristics of AODV.During the route discovery process,the cyclic shift transposition algorithm(CSTA)is used to encrypt the control packets of the LOADng protocol to improve its security.CSTA approach only derives transposition and substitution without product cipher with respect to input data.Besides this,for choosing the best probable path between the source and destination,routing metrics such as link quality Indicator(LQI),hop count(HC)and queue length(QL)are included in the control packets.The data is then securely sent using CSTA using the optimal secure path selected.Experimental Results depict that the proposed secure and optimal LOADng(SO-LOADng)using CSTA encryption obtains better throughput,delivery ratio encryption time and decryption time than the existing state-ofart approaches.
文摘Interconnected devices and intelligent applications have slashed human intervention in the Internet of Things(IoT),making it possible to accomplish tasks with less human interaction.However,it faces many problems,including lower capacity links,energy utilization,enhancement of resources and limited resources due to its openness,heterogeneity,limited resources and extensiveness.It is challenging to route packets in such a constrained environment.In an IoT network constrained by limited resources,minimal routing control overhead is required without packet loss.Such constrained environments can be improved through the optimal routing protocol.It is challenging to route packets in such a constrained environment.Thus,this work is motivated to present an efficient routing protocol for enhancing the lifetime of the IoT network.Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol—Next Generation(LOADng)protocol is an extended version of the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)protocol.Unlike AODV,LOADng is a lighter version that forbids the intermediate nodes on the route to send a route reply(RREP)for the route request(RREQ),which originated from the source.A resource-constrained IoT network demands minimal routing control overhead and faster packet delivery.So,in this paper,the parameters of the LOADng routing protocol are optimized using the black widow optimization(BWO)algorithm to reduce the control overhead and delay.Furthermore,the performance of the proposed model is analyzed with the default LOADng in terms of delay,delivery ratio and overhead.Obtained results show that the LOADng-BWO protocol outperforms the conventional LOADng protocol.
