China may build up to nine LNG terminals in the next few years to promote consumption of cleaner fuels, including one near Beijing by 2008 when the city hosts the Olympics Games, a Chinese industry official said yeste...China may build up to nine LNG terminals in the next few years to promote consumption of cleaner fuels, including one near Beijing by 2008 when the city hosts the Olympics Games, a Chinese industry official said yesterday.展开更多
The interchangeability between natural gas of different sources and LNG have been concerned and tackled to a certain extent at home,and the interconnection of gas infrastructures including LNG terminals and gas pipeli...The interchangeability between natural gas of different sources and LNG have been concerned and tackled to a certain extent at home,and the interconnection of gas infrastructures including LNG terminals and gas pipeline networks have also been lifted up to the national level since 2018.However,the research on the interoperability with overall-planning interchangeability and interconnection at a higher level is still in the blank stage at home.By extensively investigating EU's regulations and practices related to interoperability in the field of natural gas pipeline network,this paper put forward the conceptual definition of the interoperability of gas infrastructures including LNG terminals and gas pipeline networks for the first time.Then,the basic implementation framework and components of interoperability were set up.Finally,domestic latest typical cases which have presented the characteristics of interoperability in the recent two years were analyzed.And the following research results were obtained.First,interoperability and third-party access are two independent themes.Second,the target of interoperability is to realize the cross-system unimpeded flow of natural gas of all facility users between different facilities according to the uniform specification of specific technical standards,operation criteria and operation procedures of various facilities,based on interconnection,coordination and information interaction.Third,the framework of interoperability consists of 8 key elements,including gas quality standard&interchangeability,facility interconnection,facility interconnection agreement,unified measurement unit,unified electronic data exchange platform,technical capacity calculation method,approval procedure of LNG carrier entering the port and ship-shore compatibility unique to LNG terminals,and gas quality based LNG storage and tank loading rules.Fourth,it is recommended to give consideration to both target and requirement of interoperability and fully integrate 3 elements that are discussed more deeply and more crucial in EU countries(i.e.,facility interconnection agreement,unified electronic data exchange platform and technical capacity calculation method)into the practice system of treatment reform of domestic natural gas industry chain.展开更多
Construction of LNG receiving terminals The scale of receiving terminals is expanding rapidly At the end of 1999,the state approved the Guangdong LNG Pilot Project,which opened the prelude to the construction of LNG r...Construction of LNG receiving terminals The scale of receiving terminals is expanding rapidly At the end of 1999,the state approved the Guangdong LNG Pilot Project,which opened the prelude to the construction of LNG receiving terminals.In 2006,China's first LNG receiving terminal,namely Dapeng LNG Receiving Terminal in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,was put into operation,marking the beginning of the use of overseas natural gas in China.展开更多
In this study, we perform a series of numerical calculations on two vessels in the time domain. One vessel maintains its position using an internal turret and catenary mooring lines, while the other is moored to the f...In this study, we perform a series of numerical calculations on two vessels in the time domain. One vessel maintains its position using an internal turret and catenary mooring lines, while the other is moored to the former vessel via an STS （ship-to-ship） mooring system. We obtain hydrodynamic forces using the HOBEM （higher-order boundary element method）. Then, we determine their coefficients using the convolution function method in the time domain. We model the catenary mooring lines using the finite element method, and the STS mooring lines are treated as linear SPs （springs） with constraints. To optimize the STS system, we conduct parametric studies on STS mooring systems. Finally, we compare the motion and structural responses of the initial and modified configurations.展开更多
On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisia...On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].展开更多
文摘China may build up to nine LNG terminals in the next few years to promote consumption of cleaner fuels, including one near Beijing by 2008 when the city hosts the Olympics Games, a Chinese industry official said yesterday.
文摘The interchangeability between natural gas of different sources and LNG have been concerned and tackled to a certain extent at home,and the interconnection of gas infrastructures including LNG terminals and gas pipeline networks have also been lifted up to the national level since 2018.However,the research on the interoperability with overall-planning interchangeability and interconnection at a higher level is still in the blank stage at home.By extensively investigating EU's regulations and practices related to interoperability in the field of natural gas pipeline network,this paper put forward the conceptual definition of the interoperability of gas infrastructures including LNG terminals and gas pipeline networks for the first time.Then,the basic implementation framework and components of interoperability were set up.Finally,domestic latest typical cases which have presented the characteristics of interoperability in the recent two years were analyzed.And the following research results were obtained.First,interoperability and third-party access are two independent themes.Second,the target of interoperability is to realize the cross-system unimpeded flow of natural gas of all facility users between different facilities according to the uniform specification of specific technical standards,operation criteria and operation procedures of various facilities,based on interconnection,coordination and information interaction.Third,the framework of interoperability consists of 8 key elements,including gas quality standard&interchangeability,facility interconnection,facility interconnection agreement,unified measurement unit,unified electronic data exchange platform,technical capacity calculation method,approval procedure of LNG carrier entering the port and ship-shore compatibility unique to LNG terminals,and gas quality based LNG storage and tank loading rules.Fourth,it is recommended to give consideration to both target and requirement of interoperability and fully integrate 3 elements that are discussed more deeply and more crucial in EU countries(i.e.,facility interconnection agreement,unified electronic data exchange platform and technical capacity calculation method)into the practice system of treatment reform of domestic natural gas industry chain.
文摘Construction of LNG receiving terminals The scale of receiving terminals is expanding rapidly At the end of 1999,the state approved the Guangdong LNG Pilot Project,which opened the prelude to the construction of LNG receiving terminals.In 2006,China's first LNG receiving terminal,namely Dapeng LNG Receiving Terminal in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,was put into operation,marking the beginning of the use of overseas natural gas in China.
文摘In this study, we perform a series of numerical calculations on two vessels in the time domain. One vessel maintains its position using an internal turret and catenary mooring lines, while the other is moored to the former vessel via an STS （ship-to-ship） mooring system. We obtain hydrodynamic forces using the HOBEM （higher-order boundary element method）. Then, we determine their coefficients using the convolution function method in the time domain. We model the catenary mooring lines using the finite element method, and the STS mooring lines are treated as linear SPs （springs） with constraints. To optimize the STS system, we conduct parametric studies on STS mooring systems. Finally, we compare the motion and structural responses of the initial and modified configurations.
文摘On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].
