Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted great intention due to the high energy density[1].Among various battery technologies,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are also very unique but important due to its high energy ...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted great intention due to the high energy density[1].Among various battery technologies,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are also very unique but important due to its high energy density,low cost and available sources[2].Although Li-s batteries exhibit high energy density,the cycling life is poor,especially for large-capacity pouch cells[3].The cycling performance of Li-s batteries is crucially determined by 16-electron complex sulfur reduction reaction(SRR)from S_(8)molecules to Li_(2)S,solid,which involves the multiple potential interwoven branches among lithium polysulfide intermediates(LiPS,e.g.,S_(8),Li_(2)S_(8),Li_(2)S_(6),Li_(2)S_(4)and Li_(2)S)[4].The obvious shuttle for soluble Lips across the cathode and anode leads to the battery capacity fading.Thus,it is necessary to decrease the accumulation of soluble Lips in the electrolyte through catalysts fastening the key conversion step from high-order polysulfides to insoluble Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S.Although some effort has been devoted to catalyze SRR,the complex mechanism remains unclear.To address this issue,Duan et al.tried to solve it based on nitrogen,sulfur,dualdoped holey graphene framework(N,S-HGF)electrocatalyst in Nature[5].展开更多
Lithium-rich manganese-based oxides(LRMOs;xLi_(2)MnO_(3)(1−x)LiMO_(2);M=transition metal,0<x<1)with excellent specific capacity(>300 mAh/g)and high operating voltage(≥4.8V)are the preferred cathode materials...Lithium-rich manganese-based oxides(LRMOs;xLi_(2)MnO_(3)(1−x)LiMO_(2);M=transition metal,0<x<1)with excellent specific capacity(>300 mAh/g)and high operating voltage(≥4.8V)are the preferred cathode materials for high-specific-energy lithium metal batteries(LMBs)[1].However,LRMOs face a series of serious problems such as irreversible lattice oxygen loss,transition metal(TM)migration,phase transfer,and interfacial side reactions at high voltages,resulting in rapid decay of capacity and voltage[2,3].In situ generating well-functional CEI through electrolyte engineering can effectively address these challenges[4].展开更多
电化学储能灵活高效,是大规模电力储能技术发展的重要方向。液态金属电池(liquid metal battery,LMB)采用液态金属和熔融无机盐分别作为电极和电解质,从根本上避免了传统电池的寿命限制问题,其具有长寿命、低成本、大容量的优势,在电力...电化学储能灵活高效,是大规模电力储能技术发展的重要方向。液态金属电池(liquid metal battery,LMB)采用液态金属和熔融无机盐分别作为电极和电解质,从根本上避免了传统电池的寿命限制问题,其具有长寿命、低成本、大容量的优势,在电力系统储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。主要介绍了LMB的工作原理,重点综述了其发展历程和重要研究进展,并指出了现有电池体系存在的局限性与面临的挑战,在此基础上,探讨并明确了LMB的重点发展方向。展开更多
针对标准标签多伯努利(labeled multi-Bernoulli,LMB)算法只考虑了单个运动模型的问题,提出了一种适用于跳转马尔科夫系统的多模型标签多伯努利(multiple model LMB,MM-LMB)算法。首先对目标状态进行扩展,将多模型思想引入LMB算法得到...针对标准标签多伯努利(labeled multi-Bernoulli,LMB)算法只考虑了单个运动模型的问题,提出了一种适用于跳转马尔科夫系统的多模型标签多伯努利(multiple model LMB,MM-LMB)算法。首先对目标状态进行扩展,将多模型思想引入LMB算法得到了新的预测和更新方程,并给出了算法的序贯蒙特卡罗实现。仿真实验表明,MM-LMB算法能对多机动目标进行有效跟踪,在复杂探测环境下跟踪精度优于多模型概率假设密度(multiple model probability hypothesis density,MM-PHD)算法和多模型势平衡多目标多伯努利(multiple model cardinality balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli,MM-CBMeMBer)算法;所提算法计算量当目标相距较远时低于MM-PHD和MM-CBMeMBer,目标聚集时增长速度快于对比算法。展开更多
The herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1） infected-cell protein 27 （ICP27） is an essential, highly conserved protein involved in various steps of HSV-1 gene regulation as well as in the shut-off of host gene express...The herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1） infected-cell protein 27 （ICP27） is an essential, highly conserved protein involved in various steps of HSV-1 gene regulation as well as in the shut-off of host gene expression during infection. It functions primarily at the post-transcriptional level in inhibiting precursor mRNA splicing and in promoting nuclear export of viral transcripts. Recently, many novel functions performed by the HSV- 1 ICP27 protein were shown, including leptomycin B resistance, inhibition of the type I interferon signaling, regulation of the viral mRNA translation and determining the composition of HSV-1 virions展开更多
针对多传感器协同跟踪目标过程中存在多节点间的信息时间延迟和空间配准偏差问题,提出基于配准偏差和时间延迟的标签多伯努利滤波(labeled multi-Bernoulli based on the registration errors and time delay,LMB-ReDe)算法。首先,通过...针对多传感器协同跟踪目标过程中存在多节点间的信息时间延迟和空间配准偏差问题,提出基于配准偏差和时间延迟的标签多伯努利滤波(labeled multi-Bernoulli based on the registration errors and time delay,LMB-ReDe)算法。首先,通过排队论对节点个数随机变化的网络时间随机延迟进行建模;然后,构建了延迟环境中的非固定周期的目标转移过程和时间延迟过程中的伪量测;最后,在LMB滤波基础上提出LMB-ReDe算法实现目标状态的实时估计。仿真结果表明,在节点数随机变化的多传感器协同探测中,采用LMB-ReDe滤波器跟踪位置精度优于标准的LMB滤波器。展开更多
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted great intention due to the high energy density[1].Among various battery technologies,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are also very unique but important due to its high energy density,low cost and available sources[2].Although Li-s batteries exhibit high energy density,the cycling life is poor,especially for large-capacity pouch cells[3].The cycling performance of Li-s batteries is crucially determined by 16-electron complex sulfur reduction reaction(SRR)from S_(8)molecules to Li_(2)S,solid,which involves the multiple potential interwoven branches among lithium polysulfide intermediates(LiPS,e.g.,S_(8),Li_(2)S_(8),Li_(2)S_(6),Li_(2)S_(4)and Li_(2)S)[4].The obvious shuttle for soluble Lips across the cathode and anode leads to the battery capacity fading.Thus,it is necessary to decrease the accumulation of soluble Lips in the electrolyte through catalysts fastening the key conversion step from high-order polysulfides to insoluble Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S.Although some effort has been devoted to catalyze SRR,the complex mechanism remains unclear.To address this issue,Duan et al.tried to solve it based on nitrogen,sulfur,dualdoped holey graphene framework(N,S-HGF)electrocatalyst in Nature[5].
文摘Lithium-rich manganese-based oxides(LRMOs;xLi_(2)MnO_(3)(1−x)LiMO_(2);M=transition metal,0<x<1)with excellent specific capacity(>300 mAh/g)and high operating voltage(≥4.8V)are the preferred cathode materials for high-specific-energy lithium metal batteries(LMBs)[1].However,LRMOs face a series of serious problems such as irreversible lattice oxygen loss,transition metal(TM)migration,phase transfer,and interfacial side reactions at high voltages,resulting in rapid decay of capacity and voltage[2,3].In situ generating well-functional CEI through electrolyte engineering can effectively address these challenges[4].
文摘电化学储能灵活高效,是大规模电力储能技术发展的重要方向。液态金属电池(liquid metal battery,LMB)采用液态金属和熔融无机盐分别作为电极和电解质,从根本上避免了传统电池的寿命限制问题,其具有长寿命、低成本、大容量的优势,在电力系统储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。主要介绍了LMB的工作原理,重点综述了其发展历程和重要研究进展,并指出了现有电池体系存在的局限性与面临的挑战,在此基础上,探讨并明确了LMB的重点发展方向。
文摘针对标准标签多伯努利(labeled multi-Bernoulli,LMB)算法只考虑了单个运动模型的问题,提出了一种适用于跳转马尔科夫系统的多模型标签多伯努利(multiple model LMB,MM-LMB)算法。首先对目标状态进行扩展,将多模型思想引入LMB算法得到了新的预测和更新方程,并给出了算法的序贯蒙特卡罗实现。仿真实验表明,MM-LMB算法能对多机动目标进行有效跟踪,在复杂探测环境下跟踪精度优于多模型概率假设密度(multiple model probability hypothesis density,MM-PHD)算法和多模型势平衡多目标多伯努利(multiple model cardinality balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli,MM-CBMeMBer)算法;所提算法计算量当目标相距较远时低于MM-PHD和MM-CBMeMBer,目标聚集时增长速度快于对比算法。
基金Start Fund of the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Science (20071010-141)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30870120)Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China (2007003)
文摘The herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1） infected-cell protein 27 （ICP27） is an essential, highly conserved protein involved in various steps of HSV-1 gene regulation as well as in the shut-off of host gene expression during infection. It functions primarily at the post-transcriptional level in inhibiting precursor mRNA splicing and in promoting nuclear export of viral transcripts. Recently, many novel functions performed by the HSV- 1 ICP27 protein were shown, including leptomycin B resistance, inhibition of the type I interferon signaling, regulation of the viral mRNA translation and determining the composition of HSV-1 virions
文摘针对多传感器协同跟踪目标过程中存在多节点间的信息时间延迟和空间配准偏差问题,提出基于配准偏差和时间延迟的标签多伯努利滤波(labeled multi-Bernoulli based on the registration errors and time delay,LMB-ReDe)算法。首先,通过排队论对节点个数随机变化的网络时间随机延迟进行建模;然后,构建了延迟环境中的非固定周期的目标转移过程和时间延迟过程中的伪量测;最后,在LMB滤波基础上提出LMB-ReDe算法实现目标状态的实时估计。仿真结果表明,在节点数随机变化的多传感器协同探测中,采用LMB-ReDe滤波器跟踪位置精度优于标准的LMB滤波器。
