Lipotes usually occurs in pairs or in small loose groups. The calves are born in March-April.The Finless porpoises are usually seen in groups of five or six individuals.The blowof Lipotes lasts 0.2--0.6 sec and that o...Lipotes usually occurs in pairs or in small loose groups. The calves are born in March-April.The Finless porpoises are usually seen in groups of five or six individuals.The blowof Lipotes lasts 0.2--0.6 sec and that of Neophocaena 0.2--0.5 sec. In Lipotes,a short divewould take 10--20 sec and a long dive up to 1--2 min (average value being 31 sec). InNeophocaena a long dive would reach a maximum of 65 sec with an average of 17.5 sec.Lipotes has a pair of functional eyes. The selective secondary atrophy of a number of eyemuscles and nerves and the position of the eyes in the head correspond with the physical con-ditions of the environments so that the field of vision is directed forwards and upwards. When pursued by motor boat, both species react with a long dive and a change of direc-tion under water. With the Baiji this would occasionally cause fatal injuries by thepropeller of the ship. Such a case seems much less often with Neophocaena. The populationof Lipotes is at present very small.In the stretch of the river (between Nanjing andTaiyangzhou) under exploration, we found scarcely more than one dolphin per 4 km. Thecause for its scarcity is mostly due to accidents or wounds caused by propellers.展开更多
The Philippines as a tropical country is home to several indigenous berries that offer enough supply of health-promoting bioactive compounds like vitamin C.Vitamin C is an important micronutrient in the human diet tha...The Philippines as a tropical country is home to several indigenous berries that offer enough supply of health-promoting bioactive compounds like vitamin C.Vitamin C is an important micronutrient in the human diet that is usually supplied by fruits and vegetables.The amount of this vitamin in different products varies depending on the species,variety,maturity,processing,and other conditions.In this study,the vitamin C contents of selected Philippine indigenous berries such as bignay and lipote were evaluated as affected by fruit maturity and processing treatment.Fruits of two bignay(Antidesma bunius(Linn.)Spreng),varieties,‘Common’and‘Kalabaw’,as well as of lipote(Syzygium polycephaloides(C.B.Rob.)Merr.),at three maturity stages(unripe,half-ripe,and fully ripe)were acquired in Laguna,Philippines.Samples were subjected to two processing treatments:blanched(90±5℃,2 minutes)and steamed(105±5℃,5 minutes),while control samples did not undergo processing treatment.The flesh and seeds were separated,lyophilized,extracted,and subjected to quantification of vitamin C using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.Results showed that the vitamin C levels of both fruits were significantly affected by maturity,processing,and their interaction(P<.05).In general,a concomitant increase in vitamin C content was noted as fruit maturity progressed for both flesh and seeds(0.3 to 1.7-fold increase).Lipote seeds on the other hand,had decreased vitamin C content as maturity progresses(0.6-fold decrease).Moreover,blanching the fruits resulted in the highest retention of vitamin C in the fruit samples(247%at most).The general findings of this study indicated that the utilization of these indigenous berries for future functional product development must be accompanied by the blanching-as a pretreatment process,of the fully ripe fruits to attain enhanced vitamin C contents.展开更多
文摘Lipotes usually occurs in pairs or in small loose groups. The calves are born in March-April.The Finless porpoises are usually seen in groups of five or six individuals.The blowof Lipotes lasts 0.2--0.6 sec and that of Neophocaena 0.2--0.5 sec. In Lipotes,a short divewould take 10--20 sec and a long dive up to 1--2 min (average value being 31 sec). InNeophocaena a long dive would reach a maximum of 65 sec with an average of 17.5 sec.Lipotes has a pair of functional eyes. The selective secondary atrophy of a number of eyemuscles and nerves and the position of the eyes in the head correspond with the physical con-ditions of the environments so that the field of vision is directed forwards and upwards. When pursued by motor boat, both species react with a long dive and a change of direc-tion under water. With the Baiji this would occasionally cause fatal injuries by thepropeller of the ship. Such a case seems much less often with Neophocaena. The populationof Lipotes is at present very small.In the stretch of the river (between Nanjing andTaiyangzhou) under exploration, we found scarcely more than one dolphin per 4 km. Thecause for its scarcity is mostly due to accidents or wounds caused by propellers.
基金the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development(DOST-PCHRD)for the research funds under the BERRYPINOY Program.
文摘The Philippines as a tropical country is home to several indigenous berries that offer enough supply of health-promoting bioactive compounds like vitamin C.Vitamin C is an important micronutrient in the human diet that is usually supplied by fruits and vegetables.The amount of this vitamin in different products varies depending on the species,variety,maturity,processing,and other conditions.In this study,the vitamin C contents of selected Philippine indigenous berries such as bignay and lipote were evaluated as affected by fruit maturity and processing treatment.Fruits of two bignay(Antidesma bunius(Linn.)Spreng),varieties,‘Common’and‘Kalabaw’,as well as of lipote(Syzygium polycephaloides(C.B.Rob.)Merr.),at three maturity stages(unripe,half-ripe,and fully ripe)were acquired in Laguna,Philippines.Samples were subjected to two processing treatments:blanched(90±5℃,2 minutes)and steamed(105±5℃,5 minutes),while control samples did not undergo processing treatment.The flesh and seeds were separated,lyophilized,extracted,and subjected to quantification of vitamin C using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.Results showed that the vitamin C levels of both fruits were significantly affected by maturity,processing,and their interaction(P<.05).In general,a concomitant increase in vitamin C content was noted as fruit maturity progressed for both flesh and seeds(0.3 to 1.7-fold increase).Lipote seeds on the other hand,had decreased vitamin C content as maturity progresses(0.6-fold decrease).Moreover,blanching the fruits resulted in the highest retention of vitamin C in the fruit samples(247%at most).The general findings of this study indicated that the utilization of these indigenous berries for future functional product development must be accompanied by the blanching-as a pretreatment process,of the fully ripe fruits to attain enhanced vitamin C contents.
