This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by AlMousa et al,which examined the impact of the Arabic version of the American Academy of Or-thopedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire(AAOS-FAOQ)on ...This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by AlMousa et al,which examined the impact of the Arabic version of the American Academy of Or-thopedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire(AAOS-FAOQ)on postoperative quality of life and recovery in Arabic-speaking patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries.In the context of systemic linguistic exclusion in orthopedic research—where English-language journals dominated most publi-cations and non-English-speaking populations faced dual barriers of trial under-representation and semantic distortions(e.g.,mistranslations of terms like"joint instability"in Arabic)—AlMousa et al's work highlighted the transformative po-tential of culturally adapted methodologies.Their rigorous four-stage adaptation framework validated the Arabic AAOS-FAOQ as a reliable tool,enhancing ecological validity and reducing bias in patient-reported outcomes.However,limitations such as regional specificity(Gulf-centric sampling)and short follow-up periods(4 months)underscored broader challenges in non-English research:Redundant studies,prolonged hospital stays for limited English proficiency patients,and underrepresentation of certain ethnic groups in trials.To dismantle linguistic hegemony,we proposed semantic reconstruction(e.g.,integrating culturally specific indicators like"prayer posture"),dialect-aware neural tran-slation,and World Health Organization led terminology standardization.In line with these proposed solutions,AlMousa et al’s study exemplified how language-sensitive adaptations could bridge equity gaps,while future efforts would need to balance cultural specificity with cross-study comparability through AI-driven multilingual databases and policy mandates for cultural adaptation roadmaps.展开更多
Traditional taxonomic sorting of samples into recognizable taxonomic units, such as morphospecies or morphotypes, is commonly relied upon in conservation biology and ethnobiological studies. However, understanding the...Traditional taxonomic sorting of samples into recognizable taxonomic units, such as morphospecies or morphotypes, is commonly relied upon in conservation biology and ethnobiological studies. However, understanding the criteria used for traditional nomenclature of fungi, particularly wild edible mushrooms across linguistic groups, remains limited, leading to frequent errors in species recognition. This study seeks to assess how linguistic affiliations influence the local naming of useful wild mushrooms, and is the first of its kind in Benin. In order to understand how local people recognize, classify and name mushrooms that develop in or close to their villages, 2234 respondents from five socio-linguistic groups across three geographical areas were interviewed. Structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data on the local naming criteria for edible wild mushrooms. Citation scores were recorded for both nomenclature criteria and species, considering variables such as linguistic groups, age, and language. Twenty-two nomenclature criteria were used by local people to name edible wild species. Strong similarity in classification and naming of species was shown in 97% of the languages, while 3% showed differing classification criteria. The Gur, Atlantic, and Mande linguistic groups demonstrated more comprehensive traditional taxonomic and nomenclatural knowledge, sharing six common criteria: texture, taste, size, kingdom (Fungi), form, and substrate. Overall, local populations possess extensive knowledge regarding the diversity of wild edible mushrooms in their environment.展开更多
Interpreting is a fast-paced activity where interpreters must make quick choices when faced with uncertainty. This study looks at how professional interpreters handle linguistic uncertainty in English-Chinese sight tr...Interpreting is a fast-paced activity where interpreters must make quick choices when faced with uncertainty. This study looks at how professional interpreters handle linguistic uncertainty in English-Chinese sight translation, with a focus on the strategies they use. By analyzing transcription data alongside instructor evaluations, we found that interpreters relied most on creative interpretation and omission, while strategies like paraphrasing, simplification, transformation, addition, and generalization appeared less often. The results show a clear preference for strategies that keep communication flowing without adding unnecessary cognitive load. These findings support the Processing Economy Hypothesis, which suggests interpreters naturally seek efficient ways to process language while maintaining meaning. The study also highlights practical implications for interpreter training, emphasizing the value of flexible, economy-oriented strategies to help interpreters stay fluent under pressure.展开更多
This study explores the intricate symbiotic relationship between the Cantonese tonal system and Cantonese opera through an interdisciplinary lens of linguistics and musicology.Cantonese,with its complex tonal architec...This study explores the intricate symbiotic relationship between the Cantonese tonal system and Cantonese opera through an interdisciplinary lens of linguistics and musicology.Cantonese,with its complex tonal architecture and unique phonetic characteristics,serves not only as a communicative medium but as a structural blueprint for the melodic and rhythmic composition of Cantonese opera.Through historical tracing,phonological analysis,and performative interpretation,the paper examines how tonal contours directly shape vocal techniques,emotional expression,and narrative cadence within the opera tradition.The research further investigates how socio-cultural factors—ranging from regional identity,migration,and colonial modernity to contemporary digital transmission—have mediated the evolution and resilience of this art form.By demonstrating how linguistic tone and musical tune co-construct aesthetic experience and cultural memory,the paper offers a new theoretical model for understanding language-music co-evolution in tonal cultures.This inquiry not only affirms Cantonese opera’s role as a living archive of regional identity but also proposes strategies for its revitalization amidst the shifting conditions of modernity and globalization.展开更多
Linguistic steganography(LS)aims to embed secret information into normal natural text for covert communication.It includes modification-based(MLS)and generation-based(GLS)methods.MLS often relies on limited manual rul...Linguistic steganography(LS)aims to embed secret information into normal natural text for covert communication.It includes modification-based(MLS)and generation-based(GLS)methods.MLS often relies on limited manual rules,resulting in low embedding capacity,while GLS achieves higher embedding capacity through automatic text generation but typically ignores extraction efficiency.To address this,we propose a sentence attribute encodingbased MLS method that enhances extraction efficiency while maintaining strong performance.The proposed method designs a lightweight semantic attribute analyzer to encode sentence attributes for embedding secret information.When the attribute values of the cover sentence differ from the secret information to be embedded,a semantic attribute adjuster based on paraphrasing is used to automatically generate paraphrase sentences of the target attribute,thereby improving the problem of insufficient manual rules.During the extraction,secret information can be extracted solely by employing the semantic attribute analyzer,thereby eliminating the dependence on the paraphrasing generation model.Experimental results show that thismethod achieves an extraction speed of 1141.54 bits/sec,compared with the existing methods,it has remarkable advantages regarding extraction speed.Meanwhile,the stego text generated by thismethod respectively reaches 68.53,39.88,and 80.77 on BLEU,△PPL,and BERTScore.Compared with the existing methods,the text quality is effectively improved.展开更多
Distance measures between exact linguistic variables and between uncertain linguistic variables are introduced respectively. Based on exact linguistic variables and uncertain linguistic variables, the concepts of posi...Distance measures between exact linguistic variables and between uncertain linguistic variables are introduced respectively. Based on exact linguistic variables and uncertain linguistic variables, the concepts of positive linguistic ideal solution and negative linguistic ideal solution of attribute values are defined. To rank and select alternatives, based on the distance measures of two types of linguistic variables and the linguistic ideal solutions, a method for multiple attribute decision making with different types of linguistic information is proposed, by which all alternatives can be ranked. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision result reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a numerical example.展开更多
A simple decision method is proposed to solve the group decision making problems in which the weights of decision organizations are unknown and the preferences for alternatives are provided by double hesitant linguist...A simple decision method is proposed to solve the group decision making problems in which the weights of decision organizations are unknown and the preferences for alternatives are provided by double hesitant linguistic preference relations. First, double hesitant linguistic elements are defined as representing the uncertain assessment information in the process of group decision making accurately and comprehensively, and the double hesitant linguistic weighted averaging operator is developed based on the defined operational laws for double hesitant linguistic elements. Then, double hesitant linguistic preference relations are defined and a means to objectively determine the weights of decision organizations is put forward using the standard deviation of scores of preferences provided by the individual decision organization for altematives. Finally the correlation coefficient between the scores of preferences and the scores of preferences are provided by the other decision organizations. Accordingly, a group decision method based on double hesitant linguistic preference relations is proposed, and a practical example of the Jiudianxia reservoir operation alternative selection is used to illustrate the practicability and validity of the method. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the existing methods. Comparative results show that the proposed method can deal with the double hesitant linguistic preference information directly, does not need any information transformation, and can thus reduce the loss of original decision information.展开更多
A semantics-based model is proposed to enable weakened hedges, such as ＂more or less＂ and ＂roughly＂ in the context of linguistic multi-criteria decision making. First, the resemblance relations are defined based o...A semantics-based model is proposed to enable weakened hedges, such as ＂more or less＂ and ＂roughly＂ in the context of linguistic multi-criteria decision making. First, the resemblance relations are defined based on the semantics of terms on the domain. Then, the hedges can be represented after the upper and loose upper approximations of a linguistic term are derived. Accordingly, some compact formulae can be derived for the semantics of linguistic expressions with hedges. Parameters in these formulae are objectively determined according to the semantics of original terms. The proposed model presents a more natural way to express the decision information under uncertainties and its semantics is clear. The proposed model is clarified by solving the problem of evaluation and selection of sustainable innovative energy technologies. Computational results demonstrate that the model can deal with various uncertainties of the problem. Finally, the model is compared with existing techniques and extended to the case when the semantics of terms are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.展开更多
Uncertain and hesitant information, widely existing in the real-world qualitative decision making problems, brings great challenges to decision makers. Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets(HFLTSs), an effective linguis...Uncertain and hesitant information, widely existing in the real-world qualitative decision making problems, brings great challenges to decision makers. Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets(HFLTSs), an effective linguistic computational tool in modeling and eliciting such information, have hence aroused many scholars’ interests and some extensions have been introduced recently.However, these methods are based on the discrete linguistic term framework with the limited expression domain, which actually depict qualitative information using several single values. Therefore,it is hard to ensure the integrity of the semantics representation and the accuracy of the computation results. To deal with this problem, a semantics basis framework called complete linguistic term set(CLTS) is designed, which adopts a separation structure of linguistic scale and expression domain, enriching semantics representation of decision makers. On this basis the concept of fuzzy interval linguistic sets(FILSs) is put forward that employs the interval linguistic term with probability to increase the flexibility of eliciting and representing uncertain and hesitant qualitative information. For practical applications, a fuzzy interval linguistic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(FILTOPSIS) method is developed to deal with multi-attribute group decision making(MAGDM) problems. Through the cases of movie and enterprise resource planning(ERP) system selection, the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method are illustrated.展开更多
The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can commu...The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can communicate in human cognition through their comparison;the connotations of many kinds of non-linguistic signs in daily life;the position of non-linguistic signs in linguistic fields;from the above the conclusion can be reached.展开更多
The multiple attribute group decision making problem in which the input arguments take the form of intuitionistic uncertain linguistic information is studied in the paper.Based on the operational principles of intuiti...The multiple attribute group decision making problem in which the input arguments take the form of intuitionistic uncertain linguistic information is studied in the paper.Based on the operational principles of intuitionistic uncertain linguistic variables and the concept of the expected value and accuracy function,some new dependent aggregation operators with intuitionistic uncertain linguistic information including the dependent intuitionistic uncertain linguistic ordered weighted average(DIULOWA)operator,the dependent intuitionistic uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geometric(DIULOWG)operator,the generalized dependent intuitionistic uncertain linguistic ordered weighted aggregation(GDIULOWA)operator and so on are developed,in which the associated weights only depend on the aggregated arguments.Also,we study some desirable properties of the aggregation operators.Moreover,the approach of multiple attribute group decision making with intuitionistic uncertain linguistic information based on the developed operators is proposed.Finally,an illustrative numerical example is given to show the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.展开更多
The direct application of linguistic theories to syllabus design gives rise to frequent change of syllabus type in the history of syllabus development, which makes language teachers feel difficult to adapt to, to adop...The direct application of linguistic theories to syllabus design gives rise to frequent change of syllabus type in the history of syllabus development, which makes language teachers feel difficult to adapt to, to adopt and to implement. The recognition and popularization of the new-born discipline educational linguistics servers as a method to ease the situation, especially in the college English syllabus design in China. The development and application of the fruitful achievements in educational linguistics is bound to provide us with a more scientific approach to syllabus design in the future.展开更多
It is widely acknowledged that sociolinguistics is the study of language in certain context concerned with our society.Sociolinguistics and linguistics are intrinsically related to each other,but there has been differ...It is widely acknowledged that sociolinguistics is the study of language in certain context concerned with our society.Sociolinguistics and linguistics are intrinsically related to each other,but there has been difference as well.Linguistics research deals with language system itself,which belongs to the micro level on the one hand;many phenomena reflect discrimination in language classroom,these discrimination are caused by social factors to a certain degree.This paper makes a brief analysis of discrimination in language classroom from the perspective of sociolinguistics,which deals with many issues such as depiction of language discrimination、analysis of phenomenon and accordinglysolved measures.展开更多
This paper which investigates the place of sociolinguistics in the society with particular reference to Nigeria draws its data from primary sources like personal and public speeches as well as secondary sources like t...This paper which investigates the place of sociolinguistics in the society with particular reference to Nigeria draws its data from primary sources like personal and public speeches as well as secondary sources like textbooks,journals,internet materials,etc.The researcher uses a combination of descriptive approach and the theoretical framework of linguistic and communicative competence to analyze the data.The study reveals that sociolinguistics as an area of language study has been a tool without which it will be too difficult if not impossible for human beings to inhabit in the society.From the study,it is observed that in a society with particular reference to Nigeria,sociolinguistics is relevant in all aspects of human life such as communication,education,politics,administration/government,theatre arts,mass communication(advertisements),creation of new words to accommodate the new concepts in the society,criminology/forensic,oratory,etc.展开更多
The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variable...The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables（TFLV）, is studied. The formula of the degree of possibility between two TFLVs is defined, and some of its characteristics are studied. Based on the degree of possibility of fuzzy linguistic variables, an approach to ranking the decision alternatives in multiple attribute decision making with TFLV is developed. The trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging （TFLWA） operator method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked by comparing the degree of possibility of TFLV. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision results reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a practical example.展开更多
In this paper, we present a fuzzy linguistic scale, which is characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers on [1/9, 9], for the comparison between two alternatives, and introduce a possibility degree formula for comparing...In this paper, we present a fuzzy linguistic scale, which is characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers on [1/9, 9], for the comparison between two alternatives, and introduce a possibility degree formula for comparing triangular fuzzy numbers. We utilize the fuzzy linguistic scale to construct a linguistic preference matrix, and propose a fuzzy induced ordered weighted geometric averaging (FIOWGA) operator to aggregate linguistic preference information. A method based on the fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed method and to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.展开更多
We studied multiple attribute decision-making problems with uncertain linguistic information, in which the preference values took the form of uncertain linguistic variables. We introduced some operational laws of unce...We studied multiple attribute decision-making problems with uncertain linguistic information, in which the preference values took the form of uncertain linguistic variables. We introduced some operational laws of uncertain linguistic variables and a formula for the comparison between two uncertain linguistic variables. We proposed two new aggregation operators called extended uncertain linguistic aggregation (EULA) operator and interval linguistic aggregation (ILA) operator, and then develop an EULA operator-based linguistic approach and an ILA operator-based linguistic approach, respectively, to multiple attribute decision making in uncertain linguistic setting. The approaches were straightforward and do not produce any loss of information. Finally, an illustrative example was given to verify the developed approaches and to demonstrate their practicality and effectiveness.展开更多
Group decision making problems are investigated with uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations.An unbalanced multiplicative linguistic label set is introduced,which can be used by the experts to express...Group decision making problems are investigated with uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations.An unbalanced multiplicative linguistic label set is introduced,which can be used by the experts to express their linguistic preference information over alternatives.The uncertain linguistic weighted geometric mean operator is utilized to aggregate all the individual uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations into a collective one,and then a simple approach is developed to determine the experts＇ weights by utilizing the consensus degrees among the individual uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations and the collective uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations.Furthermore,a practical interactive procedure for group decision making is proposed based on uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations,in which a possibility degree formula and a complementary matrix are used to rank the given alternatives.Finally,the proposed procedure is applied to solve the group decision making problem of a manufacturing company searching the best global supplier for one of its most critical parts used in assembling process.展开更多
文摘This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by AlMousa et al,which examined the impact of the Arabic version of the American Academy of Or-thopedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Outcomes Questionnaire(AAOS-FAOQ)on postoperative quality of life and recovery in Arabic-speaking patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries.In the context of systemic linguistic exclusion in orthopedic research—where English-language journals dominated most publi-cations and non-English-speaking populations faced dual barriers of trial under-representation and semantic distortions(e.g.,mistranslations of terms like"joint instability"in Arabic)—AlMousa et al's work highlighted the transformative po-tential of culturally adapted methodologies.Their rigorous four-stage adaptation framework validated the Arabic AAOS-FAOQ as a reliable tool,enhancing ecological validity and reducing bias in patient-reported outcomes.However,limitations such as regional specificity(Gulf-centric sampling)and short follow-up periods(4 months)underscored broader challenges in non-English research:Redundant studies,prolonged hospital stays for limited English proficiency patients,and underrepresentation of certain ethnic groups in trials.To dismantle linguistic hegemony,we proposed semantic reconstruction(e.g.,integrating culturally specific indicators like"prayer posture"),dialect-aware neural tran-slation,and World Health Organization led terminology standardization.In line with these proposed solutions,AlMousa et al’s study exemplified how language-sensitive adaptations could bridge equity gaps,while future efforts would need to balance cultural specificity with cross-study comparability through AI-driven multilingual databases and policy mandates for cultural adaptation roadmaps.
文摘Traditional taxonomic sorting of samples into recognizable taxonomic units, such as morphospecies or morphotypes, is commonly relied upon in conservation biology and ethnobiological studies. However, understanding the criteria used for traditional nomenclature of fungi, particularly wild edible mushrooms across linguistic groups, remains limited, leading to frequent errors in species recognition. This study seeks to assess how linguistic affiliations influence the local naming of useful wild mushrooms, and is the first of its kind in Benin. In order to understand how local people recognize, classify and name mushrooms that develop in or close to their villages, 2234 respondents from five socio-linguistic groups across three geographical areas were interviewed. Structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data on the local naming criteria for edible wild mushrooms. Citation scores were recorded for both nomenclature criteria and species, considering variables such as linguistic groups, age, and language. Twenty-two nomenclature criteria were used by local people to name edible wild species. Strong similarity in classification and naming of species was shown in 97% of the languages, while 3% showed differing classification criteria. The Gur, Atlantic, and Mande linguistic groups demonstrated more comprehensive traditional taxonomic and nomenclatural knowledge, sharing six common criteria: texture, taste, size, kingdom (Fungi), form, and substrate. Overall, local populations possess extensive knowledge regarding the diversity of wild edible mushrooms in their environment.
基金this paper was supported by Humanities and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education,China[23YJC740018]。
文摘Interpreting is a fast-paced activity where interpreters must make quick choices when faced with uncertainty. This study looks at how professional interpreters handle linguistic uncertainty in English-Chinese sight translation, with a focus on the strategies they use. By analyzing transcription data alongside instructor evaluations, we found that interpreters relied most on creative interpretation and omission, while strategies like paraphrasing, simplification, transformation, addition, and generalization appeared less often. The results show a clear preference for strategies that keep communication flowing without adding unnecessary cognitive load. These findings support the Processing Economy Hypothesis, which suggests interpreters naturally seek efficient ways to process language while maintaining meaning. The study also highlights practical implications for interpreter training, emphasizing the value of flexible, economy-oriented strategies to help interpreters stay fluent under pressure.
文摘This study explores the intricate symbiotic relationship between the Cantonese tonal system and Cantonese opera through an interdisciplinary lens of linguistics and musicology.Cantonese,with its complex tonal architecture and unique phonetic characteristics,serves not only as a communicative medium but as a structural blueprint for the melodic and rhythmic composition of Cantonese opera.Through historical tracing,phonological analysis,and performative interpretation,the paper examines how tonal contours directly shape vocal techniques,emotional expression,and narrative cadence within the opera tradition.The research further investigates how socio-cultural factors—ranging from regional identity,migration,and colonial modernity to contemporary digital transmission—have mediated the evolution and resilience of this art form.By demonstrating how linguistic tone and musical tune co-construct aesthetic experience and cultural memory,the paper offers a new theoretical model for understanding language-music co-evolution in tonal cultures.This inquiry not only affirms Cantonese opera’s role as a living archive of regional identity but also proposes strategies for its revitalization amidst the shifting conditions of modernity and globalization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61972057Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2022JJ30623.
文摘Linguistic steganography(LS)aims to embed secret information into normal natural text for covert communication.It includes modification-based(MLS)and generation-based(GLS)methods.MLS often relies on limited manual rules,resulting in low embedding capacity,while GLS achieves higher embedding capacity through automatic text generation but typically ignores extraction efficiency.To address this,we propose a sentence attribute encodingbased MLS method that enhances extraction efficiency while maintaining strong performance.The proposed method designs a lightweight semantic attribute analyzer to encode sentence attributes for embedding secret information.When the attribute values of the cover sentence differ from the secret information to be embedded,a semantic attribute adjuster based on paraphrasing is used to automatically generate paraphrase sentences of the target attribute,thereby improving the problem of insufficient manual rules.During the extraction,secret information can be extracted solely by employing the semantic attribute analyzer,thereby eliminating the dependence on the paraphrasing generation model.Experimental results show that thismethod achieves an extraction speed of 1141.54 bits/sec,compared with the existing methods,it has remarkable advantages regarding extraction speed.Meanwhile,the stego text generated by thismethod respectively reaches 68.53,39.88,and 80.77 on BLEU,△PPL,and BERTScore.Compared with the existing methods,the text quality is effectively improved.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.70571087,70472033).
文摘Distance measures between exact linguistic variables and between uncertain linguistic variables are introduced respectively. Based on exact linguistic variables and uncertain linguistic variables, the concepts of positive linguistic ideal solution and negative linguistic ideal solution of attribute values are defined. To rank and select alternatives, based on the distance measures of two types of linguistic variables and the linguistic ideal solutions, a method for multiple attribute decision making with different types of linguistic information is proposed, by which all alternatives can be ranked. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision result reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a numerical example.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61273209,71571123)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(No.YBJJ1527)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.KYLX_0207)
文摘A simple decision method is proposed to solve the group decision making problems in which the weights of decision organizations are unknown and the preferences for alternatives are provided by double hesitant linguistic preference relations. First, double hesitant linguistic elements are defined as representing the uncertain assessment information in the process of group decision making accurately and comprehensively, and the double hesitant linguistic weighted averaging operator is developed based on the defined operational laws for double hesitant linguistic elements. Then, double hesitant linguistic preference relations are defined and a means to objectively determine the weights of decision organizations is put forward using the standard deviation of scores of preferences provided by the individual decision organization for altematives. Finally the correlation coefficient between the scores of preferences and the scores of preferences are provided by the other decision organizations. Accordingly, a group decision method based on double hesitant linguistic preference relations is proposed, and a practical example of the Jiudianxia reservoir operation alternative selection is used to illustrate the practicability and validity of the method. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the existing methods. Comparative results show that the proposed method can deal with the double hesitant linguistic preference information directly, does not need any information transformation, and can thus reduce the loss of original decision information.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61273209)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(No.YBJJ1528)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.KYLX15-0191)
文摘A semantics-based model is proposed to enable weakened hedges, such as ＂more or less＂ and ＂roughly＂ in the context of linguistic multi-criteria decision making. First, the resemblance relations are defined based on the semantics of terms on the domain. Then, the hedges can be represented after the upper and loose upper approximations of a linguistic term are derived. Accordingly, some compact formulae can be derived for the semantics of linguistic expressions with hedges. Parameters in these formulae are objectively determined according to the semantics of original terms. The proposed model presents a more natural way to express the decision information under uncertainties and its semantics is clear. The proposed model is clarified by solving the problem of evaluation and selection of sustainable innovative energy technologies. Computational results demonstrate that the model can deal with various uncertainties of the problem. Finally, the model is compared with existing techniques and extended to the case when the semantics of terms are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61273275)
文摘Uncertain and hesitant information, widely existing in the real-world qualitative decision making problems, brings great challenges to decision makers. Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets(HFLTSs), an effective linguistic computational tool in modeling and eliciting such information, have hence aroused many scholars’ interests and some extensions have been introduced recently.However, these methods are based on the discrete linguistic term framework with the limited expression domain, which actually depict qualitative information using several single values. Therefore,it is hard to ensure the integrity of the semantics representation and the accuracy of the computation results. To deal with this problem, a semantics basis framework called complete linguistic term set(CLTS) is designed, which adopts a separation structure of linguistic scale and expression domain, enriching semantics representation of decision makers. On this basis the concept of fuzzy interval linguistic sets(FILSs) is put forward that employs the interval linguistic term with probability to increase the flexibility of eliciting and representing uncertain and hesitant qualitative information. For practical applications, a fuzzy interval linguistic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(FILTOPSIS) method is developed to deal with multi-attribute group decision making(MAGDM) problems. Through the cases of movie and enterprise resource planning(ERP) system selection, the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method are illustrated.
文摘The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can communicate in human cognition through their comparison;the connotations of many kinds of non-linguistic signs in daily life;the position of non-linguistic signs in linguistic fields;from the above the conclusion can be reached.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71761027)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(2015A610161)。
文摘The multiple attribute group decision making problem in which the input arguments take the form of intuitionistic uncertain linguistic information is studied in the paper.Based on the operational principles of intuitionistic uncertain linguistic variables and the concept of the expected value and accuracy function,some new dependent aggregation operators with intuitionistic uncertain linguistic information including the dependent intuitionistic uncertain linguistic ordered weighted average(DIULOWA)operator,the dependent intuitionistic uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geometric(DIULOWG)operator,the generalized dependent intuitionistic uncertain linguistic ordered weighted aggregation(GDIULOWA)operator and so on are developed,in which the associated weights only depend on the aggregated arguments.Also,we study some desirable properties of the aggregation operators.Moreover,the approach of multiple attribute group decision making with intuitionistic uncertain linguistic information based on the developed operators is proposed.Finally,an illustrative numerical example is given to show the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
文摘The direct application of linguistic theories to syllabus design gives rise to frequent change of syllabus type in the history of syllabus development, which makes language teachers feel difficult to adapt to, to adopt and to implement. The recognition and popularization of the new-born discipline educational linguistics servers as a method to ease the situation, especially in the college English syllabus design in China. The development and application of the fruitful achievements in educational linguistics is bound to provide us with a more scientific approach to syllabus design in the future.
文摘It is widely acknowledged that sociolinguistics is the study of language in certain context concerned with our society.Sociolinguistics and linguistics are intrinsically related to each other,but there has been difference as well.Linguistics research deals with language system itself,which belongs to the micro level on the one hand;many phenomena reflect discrimination in language classroom,these discrimination are caused by social factors to a certain degree.This paper makes a brief analysis of discrimination in language classroom from the perspective of sociolinguistics,which deals with many issues such as depiction of language discrimination、analysis of phenomenon and accordinglysolved measures.
文摘This paper which investigates the place of sociolinguistics in the society with particular reference to Nigeria draws its data from primary sources like personal and public speeches as well as secondary sources like textbooks,journals,internet materials,etc.The researcher uses a combination of descriptive approach and the theoretical framework of linguistic and communicative competence to analyze the data.The study reveals that sociolinguistics as an area of language study has been a tool without which it will be too difficult if not impossible for human beings to inhabit in the society.From the study,it is observed that in a society with particular reference to Nigeria,sociolinguistics is relevant in all aspects of human life such as communication,education,politics,administration/government,theatre arts,mass communication(advertisements),creation of new words to accommodate the new concepts in the society,criminology/forensic,oratory,etc.
基金2008 Soft Science Program of Jiangsu Science and Technology Department (No.BR2008098)
文摘The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables（TFLV）, is studied. The formula of the degree of possibility between two TFLVs is defined, and some of its characteristics are studied. Based on the degree of possibility of fuzzy linguistic variables, an approach to ranking the decision alternatives in multiple attribute decision making with TFLV is developed. The trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging （TFLWA） operator method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked by comparing the degree of possibility of TFLV. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision results reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a practical example.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(79970093) the Ph.D. Dissertation Foundation of Southeast University- NARI-Relays Electric Co. Ltd.
文摘In this paper, we present a fuzzy linguistic scale, which is characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers on [1/9, 9], for the comparison between two alternatives, and introduce a possibility degree formula for comparing triangular fuzzy numbers. We utilize the fuzzy linguistic scale to construct a linguistic preference matrix, and propose a fuzzy induced ordered weighted geometric averaging (FIOWGA) operator to aggregate linguistic preference information. A method based on the fuzzy linguistic scale and FIOWGA operator for decision-making problems is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed method and to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.
文摘We studied multiple attribute decision-making problems with uncertain linguistic information, in which the preference values took the form of uncertain linguistic variables. We introduced some operational laws of uncertain linguistic variables and a formula for the comparison between two uncertain linguistic variables. We proposed two new aggregation operators called extended uncertain linguistic aggregation (EULA) operator and interval linguistic aggregation (ILA) operator, and then develop an EULA operator-based linguistic approach and an ILA operator-based linguistic approach, respectively, to multiple attribute decision making in uncertain linguistic setting. The approaches were straightforward and do not produce any loss of information. Finally, an illustrative example was given to verify the developed approaches and to demonstrate their practicality and effectiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70571087)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (70625005)
文摘Group decision making problems are investigated with uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations.An unbalanced multiplicative linguistic label set is introduced,which can be used by the experts to express their linguistic preference information over alternatives.The uncertain linguistic weighted geometric mean operator is utilized to aggregate all the individual uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations into a collective one,and then a simple approach is developed to determine the experts＇ weights by utilizing the consensus degrees among the individual uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations and the collective uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations.Furthermore,a practical interactive procedure for group decision making is proposed based on uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations,in which a possibility degree formula and a complementary matrix are used to rank the given alternatives.Finally,the proposed procedure is applied to solve the group decision making problem of a manufacturing company searching the best global supplier for one of its most critical parts used in assembling process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61074093,61473048,61233008)the Open Research Project from SKLMCCS(20150101)Youth Talent Support Plan of Changsha University of Science and Technology
