AIM To investigate the anticancer mechanisms of the monoterpenoid alcohol linalool in human colon cancer cells.METHODS The cytotoxic effect of linalool on the human colon cancer cell lines and a human fibroblast cell ...AIM To investigate the anticancer mechanisms of the monoterpenoid alcohol linalool in human colon cancer cells.METHODS The cytotoxic effect of linalool on the human colon cancer cell lines and a human fibroblast cell line was examined using the WST-8 assay. The apoptosisinducing effect of linalool was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nickend labeling assay and flow cytometry with Annexin V. Oxidative stress was investigated by staining for diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine, which is a cellular lipid peroxidation marker, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Sixteen SCID mice xenografted with human cancer cells were randomized into 3 groups for in vivo analysis: control and low-dose and high-dose linalool groups. The control group was administered tap water orally every 3 d. The linalool treatment groups were administered 100 or 200 μg/kg linalool solution orally for the same period. All mice were sacrificed under anesthesia 21 d after tumor inoculation, and tumors and organs were collected for immunohistochemistry using an anti-4-hydroxynonenal antibody. Tumor weights were measured and compared between groups. RESULTS Linalool induced apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro, following the cancer-specific induction of oxidative stress, which was measured based on spontaneous hydroxyl radical production and delayed lipid peroxidation. Mice in the high-dose linalool group exhibited a 55% reduction in mean xenograft tumor weight compared with mice in the control group(P < 0.05). In addition, tumor-specific lipid peroxidation was observed in the in vivo model.CONCLUSION Linalool exhibited an anticancer effect via cancerspecific oxidative stress, and this agent has potential for application in colon cancer therapy.展开更多
To develop a novel food preservation technology for efficiently enhance bactericidal activity in a long term,hollow mesoporous silica spheres(HMSS)with regular nanostructures were applied to encapsulate natural organi...To develop a novel food preservation technology for efficiently enhance bactericidal activity in a long term,hollow mesoporous silica spheres(HMSS)with regular nanostructures were applied to encapsulate natural organic antimicrobial agents.The chemical structures,morphologies and thermal stabilities of linalool,HMSS and linalool-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica spheres(L-HMSS)nanoparticles were evaluated by polarimeter,field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA),nitrogen adsorption-desorption,zeta potential and small angle X-ray diffraction(SXRD).The results show that the linalool was successfully introduced into the cavities of HMSS,and the inorganic host exhibited a high loading capacity of about 1500 mg/g.In addition,after 48 h of incubatio n,the minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC)of L-HMSS against Escherichia coli(E.coli),Salmonella enterica(S.enterica)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)were decreased to be 4(<5)mg/mL and 8(<10)mg/mL,respectively.These results revealed linaloolfunctionalized hollow mesoporous spheres could efficiently improve the bactericidal activities of the organic component.Furthermore,SEM images clearly showed that L-HMSS indeed had an extremely inhibitory effect against gram-negative(E.coli)and gram-positive(S.aureus)by breaking the structure of the cell membrane.This research is of great significance in the application of linalool in nano-delivery system as well as food industry.展开更多
To investigate the role of inducible linalool in Arabidopsis-insect interactions, the FANES 1 linalool synthase （LIS） cDNA from strawberry with plastid targeting and a synthetic intron （LIS＇） was placed under the...To investigate the role of inducible linalool in Arabidopsis-insect interactions, the FANES 1 linalool synthase （LIS） cDNA from strawberry with plastid targeting and a synthetic intron （LIS＇） was placed under the control of the wound inducible proteinase inhibitor 2 （PI2） promoter from potato. The construct pBin-PPi2-LIS＇ was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia 0. Kanamycin resistant TO seedlings were confirmed for the presence and transcription of the LIS＇ gene by PCR analysis on genomic DNA and by RT-PCR analysis on RNA. Genomic and RT-PCR products were sequenced to confirm correct splicing of the synthetic intron. The expression of active linalool synthase by the PPI2-LIS＇ gene construct in the transgenic lines was assessed by measuring linalool emission using solid phase micro-extraction （SPME） GC-MS measurements after induction with methyl jasmonate. Among 30 tested independent T2 transgenic lines, 10 exhibited linalool production. Linalool expression could be induced by methyl jasmonate treatment, but not by diamondback moth larvae.展开更多
Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic ...Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic products and prolonging the service life of aromatic products are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in current aromatic products.In this study,zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers were synthesized to encapsulate the fragrance molecule linalool.The results showed that the zwitterionic comb lipid molecules were capable of encapsulating more linalool than linear lipid molecules.At the same time,the zwitterionic comb-like lipid molecules also limited the slow release rate of the aroma,thereby increasing the fragrance retention time of the nano-fragrance.展开更多
Essential oil has been used as sedatives,anticonvulsants,and local anesthetics in traditional medical remedies;as preservatives for food,fruit,vegetable,and grain storage;and as bio-pesticides for food production.Lina...Essential oil has been used as sedatives,anticonvulsants,and local anesthetics in traditional medical remedies;as preservatives for food,fruit,vegetable,and grain storage;and as bio-pesticides for food production.Linalool(LL),along with a few other major components such as methyl eugenol(ME),estragole(EG),and citronellal,are the active chemicals in many essential oils such as basil oil.Basil oil and the aforementioned monoterpenoids are potent against insect pests.However,the molecular mechanism of action of these chemical constituents is not well understood.It is well-known that the c-aminobutyric acid type A receptors(GABAARs)and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)are primary molecular targets of the synthetic insecticides used in the market today.Furthermore,the GABAAR-targeted therapeutics have been used in clinics for many decades,including barbiturates and benzodiazepines,to name just a few.In this research,we studied the electrophysiological effects of LL,ME,EG,and citronellal on GABAAR and nAChR to further understand their versatility as therapeutic agents in traditional remedies and as insecticides.Our results revealed that LL inhibits both GABAAR and nAChR,which may explain its insecticidal activity.LL is a concentration-dependent,noncompetitive inhibitor on GABAAR,as the half-maximal effective concentration(EC50)values of c-aminobutyric acid(GABA)for the rat a1b3c2L GABAAR were not affected by LL:(36.2±7.9)lmol-1 and(36.1±23.8)μmol·L-1 in the absence and presence of 5 mmol·L-1 LL,respectively.The half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of LL on GABAAR was approximately 3.2 mmol·L-1.Considering that multiple monoterpenoids are found within the same essential oil,it is likely that LL has a synergistic effect with ME,which has been previously characterized as both a GABAAR agonist and a positive allosteric modulator,and with other monoterpenoids,which offers a possible explanation for the sedative and anticonvulsant effects and the insecticidal activities of LL.展开更多
In this paper experimental equilibrium data on the system supercritical CO2-orange essential oil and the system supercritical CO2-linalool are reported at 323.15 K and 343.15 K, for pressures in the ranges of 7.6-13.5...In this paper experimental equilibrium data on the system supercritical CO2-orange essential oil and the system supercritical CO2-linalool are reported at 323.15 K and 343.15 K, for pressures in the ranges of 7.6-13.5 MPa. The behavior of the system supercritical CO2-orange essential oil was represented by means of thermodynamic model, based on Peng-Robinson equation of state. To this aim the orange essential oil was represented by a mixture of limonene, linalool and β-caryophyllene, selected to represent the classes of monoterpenes, oxygenated terpenes and sesquiterpenes respectively. The model uses only regression parameters calculated from binary sub-systems, CO2-limonene and CO2-β-caryophyllene (taken from literature) and CO2-linalool (calculated from the fitting of original data reported in the present work) thus being predictive with respect to the multicomponent mixture.展开更多
Objectives： The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linalool in chronically stressed rats on their behaviour as related to depressive disorders and BDNF （brain-derived neurotropic factor） protein in ...Objectives： The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linalool in chronically stressed rats on their behaviour as related to depressive disorders and BDNF （brain-derived neurotropic factor） protein in the hippocampus. Methods： Either Tween 80 or linalool （50, 160, 500 mg/kg） was intraperitonealty administered to rats, daily, for two weeks. Some rats were housed in home cages but the others were induced with chronic restrained stress （15 min daily）. At the end of the treatment, the rats were assessed for depressive-like behaviour using the forced swimming test. At the end of the behaviour test, the animals were immediately decapitated and the hippocampus of each animal was removed for the measurement of the BDNF protein by ELISA. Result： The immobility time was significantly increased （p 〈 0.05） but time of climbing was significantly decreased （p 〈 0.05）. The restrained rats treated with linalool, 500 mg/kg, displayed immobility times less than those of their controls （p 〈 0.05） while these rats showed significantly more climbing than in the control rats （p 〈 0.05）. Linalool showed no effect on the BDNF protein in the hippocampus. Conclusions： linalool decreases behaviour related to depressive disorders but it has no effect on the BDNF protein in chronic restrained stress.展开更多
Wall-associated receptor kinases(WAKs)and WAK-likes(WAKLs)play pivotal roles in regulating plant immunity,through multiple downstream signaling components.However,knowledge of WAKs/WAKLs in wheat immune responses to r...Wall-associated receptor kinases(WAKs)and WAK-likes(WAKLs)play pivotal roles in regulating plant immunity,through multiple downstream signaling components.However,knowledge of WAKs/WAKLs in wheat immune responses to rust diseases remain limited.In this study,we identified and characterized a wheat WAKL,TaWAKL8-2B,which is upregulated during wheat resistance to both Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)and Puccinia triticina(Ptt),indicating its role in wheat resistance to these two rust fungi.Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaWAKL8-2B exhibited enhanced resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust,accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and up-regulated defense-related gene expression.Whereas,knockout TaWAKL8-2B reduced resistance to Pst and Ptt with less ROS accumulation,highlighting its positive role in wheat resistance.RNA-seq analysis revealed that 33 genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes were upregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants,explaining the reduced ROS.KEGG analysis enriched the monoterpenoid pathway,particularly the linalool biosynthesis pathway,with linalool synthases significantly downregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants.Correspondingly,linalool synthase content and linalool content decreased in knockout plants.Collectively,our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which TaWAKL8-2B positively modulates wheat rust resistance through modulating linalool biosynthesis and peroxidase activity.These results enhance our understanding of TaWAKL8-2B mediated immune signaling and offer a promising gene for improving wheat broad-spectrum resistance to rust diseases.展开更多
It is a huge challenge for metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors to inspect volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at room temperature(RT).Herein,the effective utilization of cerium oxide(CeO_(2))nanowires for RT detection o...It is a huge challenge for metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors to inspect volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at room temperature(RT).Herein,the effective utilization of cerium oxide(CeO_(2))nanowires for RT detection of VOCs was realized via regulating its surface chemical state.Oxygen vacancy engineering on CeO_(2)nanowires,synthesized via hydrothermal method,can be manipulated by annealing under various controlled atmospheres.The sample annealed under 5%H_(2)+95%Ar condition exhibited outstanding RT sensing properties,displaying a high response of 16.7 towards 20 ppm linalool,a fast response and recovery time(16 and 121 s,respectively),and a low detection of limit of 0.54 ppm.The enhanced sensing performance could be ascribed for the synergistic effects of its nanowire morphology,the large specific surface area(83.95 m^(2)/g),and the formation of extensive oxygen vacancy accompanied by an increase in Ce^(3+).Additionally,the practicability of the sensor was verified via two varieties of rice(Indica and Japonica rice)stored in various periods(1,3,5,7,15,and 30 d).The experimental results revealed that the sensor was able to distinguish Indica rice from Japonica rice.Accordingly,the as-developed sensor delivers a strategic material to develop high-performance RT electronic nose equipment for monitoring rice quality.展开更多
Linalool,a major component of aromatic plant essential oils,has an antibacterial effect against Hafnia alvei,which can induce food spoilage.In this study,we aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect and mechanism ...Linalool,a major component of aromatic plant essential oils,has an antibacterial effect against Hafnia alvei,which can induce food spoilage.In this study,we aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect and mechanism of linalool against H.alvei.Linalool treatment resulted in excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,which resulted in destruction of the cell membrane.According to the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and flow cytometry(FCM)results,it was confirmed that the membrane structure of H.alvei was destroyed.Moreover,metabolomics analysis showed that there were 64 and 73 differentially expressed metabolites screened by mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes,respectively,suggesting that nucleic acid metabolism,the respiratory chain and energy metabolism were negatively affected by linalool.Biochemical validation confirmed that the activities of malate dehydrogenase(MDH),and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)and respiratory metabolism were reduced after linalool treatment.It was therefore concluded that the cell membrane was damaged,nucleic acid metabolism was disturbed,and energy metabolism was reduced by inhibition of the respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle.These results revealed the antibacterial mechanism of linalool against H.alvei,and support the use of linalool as a potential natural preservative to control H.alvei.展开更多
The ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile derivatives.We studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in(S)-(+)-linalool contents,and lines engineered to produce either(R)-(-)...The ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile derivatives.We studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in(S)-(+)-linalool contents,and lines engineered to produce either(R)-(-)-or(S)-(+)-linalool.Only(S)-(+)-linalool production was associated with slower growth of a generalist herbivore,and a large fraction was present as nonvolatile derivatives.We found that variation in volatile linalool and its nonvolatile glycosides mapped to the same genetic locus which harbored the biosynthetic gene,NaLIS,but that free linalool varied more in environmental responses.This study reveals how(S)-(+)-linalool and conjugates differ in their regulation and possible functions in resistance.展开更多
基金Supported by(in part)Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan,KAKENHI,No.25462069 and No.16K15604The Jiangsu innovative and entrepreneurial project for the introduction of high-level talent+2 种基金The Jiangsu science and technology planning project,No.BE2015669Novartis Pharma Research Foundation(to Zheng YW)JapanScience and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS)project FY2015(to Isoda H)
文摘AIM To investigate the anticancer mechanisms of the monoterpenoid alcohol linalool in human colon cancer cells.METHODS The cytotoxic effect of linalool on the human colon cancer cell lines and a human fibroblast cell line was examined using the WST-8 assay. The apoptosisinducing effect of linalool was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nickend labeling assay and flow cytometry with Annexin V. Oxidative stress was investigated by staining for diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine, which is a cellular lipid peroxidation marker, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Sixteen SCID mice xenografted with human cancer cells were randomized into 3 groups for in vivo analysis: control and low-dose and high-dose linalool groups. The control group was administered tap water orally every 3 d. The linalool treatment groups were administered 100 or 200 μg/kg linalool solution orally for the same period. All mice were sacrificed under anesthesia 21 d after tumor inoculation, and tumors and organs were collected for immunohistochemistry using an anti-4-hydroxynonenal antibody. Tumor weights were measured and compared between groups. RESULTS Linalool induced apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro, following the cancer-specific induction of oxidative stress, which was measured based on spontaneous hydroxyl radical production and delayed lipid peroxidation. Mice in the high-dose linalool group exhibited a 55% reduction in mean xenograft tumor weight compared with mice in the control group(P < 0.05). In addition, tumor-specific lipid peroxidation was observed in the in vivo model.CONCLUSION Linalool exhibited an anticancer effect via cancerspecific oxidative stress, and this agent has potential for application in colon cancer therapy.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701678)the Shanghai Key Research Projects of Promoting Agriculture by Science and Technology(No.2019-02-08-00-15-F01147)supported this work。
文摘To develop a novel food preservation technology for efficiently enhance bactericidal activity in a long term,hollow mesoporous silica spheres(HMSS)with regular nanostructures were applied to encapsulate natural organic antimicrobial agents.The chemical structures,morphologies and thermal stabilities of linalool,HMSS and linalool-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica spheres(L-HMSS)nanoparticles were evaluated by polarimeter,field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA),nitrogen adsorption-desorption,zeta potential and small angle X-ray diffraction(SXRD).The results show that the linalool was successfully introduced into the cavities of HMSS,and the inorganic host exhibited a high loading capacity of about 1500 mg/g.In addition,after 48 h of incubatio n,the minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC)of L-HMSS against Escherichia coli(E.coli),Salmonella enterica(S.enterica)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)were decreased to be 4(<5)mg/mL and 8(<10)mg/mL,respectively.These results revealed linaloolfunctionalized hollow mesoporous spheres could efficiently improve the bactericidal activities of the organic component.Furthermore,SEM images clearly showed that L-HMSS indeed had an extremely inhibitory effect against gram-negative(E.coli)and gram-positive(S.aureus)by breaking the structure of the cell membrane.This research is of great significance in the application of linalool in nano-delivery system as well as food industry.
基金partially supported by IAC grant(the Netherlands)partially funded by the Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology,Ministry of Agriculture(China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370938).
文摘To investigate the role of inducible linalool in Arabidopsis-insect interactions, the FANES 1 linalool synthase （LIS） cDNA from strawberry with plastid targeting and a synthetic intron （LIS＇） was placed under the control of the wound inducible proteinase inhibitor 2 （PI2） promoter from potato. The construct pBin-PPi2-LIS＇ was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia 0. Kanamycin resistant TO seedlings were confirmed for the presence and transcription of the LIS＇ gene by PCR analysis on genomic DNA and by RT-PCR analysis on RNA. Genomic and RT-PCR products were sequenced to confirm correct splicing of the synthetic intron. The expression of active linalool synthase by the PPI2-LIS＇ gene construct in the transgenic lines was assessed by measuring linalool emission using solid phase micro-extraction （SPME） GC-MS measurements after induction with methyl jasmonate. Among 30 tested independent T2 transgenic lines, 10 exhibited linalool production. Linalool expression could be induced by methyl jasmonate treatment, but not by diamondback moth larvae.
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2016YFA0200303)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.L172046,2192057)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31771095,21875254 and 51573188)。
文摘Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic products and prolonging the service life of aromatic products are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in current aromatic products.In this study,zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers were synthesized to encapsulate the fragrance molecule linalool.The results showed that the zwitterionic comb lipid molecules were capable of encapsulating more linalool than linear lipid molecules.At the same time,the zwitterionic comb-like lipid molecules also limited the slow release rate of the aroma,thereby increasing the fragrance retention time of the nano-fragrance.
基金This project was supported by grants from Bayer AG Crop Science(Grant4Targets 201701018)the National Center for Research Resources(5P20RR016467-11)the National Institute of General Medical Sciences(P20GM103466)of the National Institutes of Health.
文摘Essential oil has been used as sedatives,anticonvulsants,and local anesthetics in traditional medical remedies;as preservatives for food,fruit,vegetable,and grain storage;and as bio-pesticides for food production.Linalool(LL),along with a few other major components such as methyl eugenol(ME),estragole(EG),and citronellal,are the active chemicals in many essential oils such as basil oil.Basil oil and the aforementioned monoterpenoids are potent against insect pests.However,the molecular mechanism of action of these chemical constituents is not well understood.It is well-known that the c-aminobutyric acid type A receptors(GABAARs)and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)are primary molecular targets of the synthetic insecticides used in the market today.Furthermore,the GABAAR-targeted therapeutics have been used in clinics for many decades,including barbiturates and benzodiazepines,to name just a few.In this research,we studied the electrophysiological effects of LL,ME,EG,and citronellal on GABAAR and nAChR to further understand their versatility as therapeutic agents in traditional remedies and as insecticides.Our results revealed that LL inhibits both GABAAR and nAChR,which may explain its insecticidal activity.LL is a concentration-dependent,noncompetitive inhibitor on GABAAR,as the half-maximal effective concentration(EC50)values of c-aminobutyric acid(GABA)for the rat a1b3c2L GABAAR were not affected by LL:(36.2±7.9)lmol-1 and(36.1±23.8)μmol·L-1 in the absence and presence of 5 mmol·L-1 LL,respectively.The half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of LL on GABAAR was approximately 3.2 mmol·L-1.Considering that multiple monoterpenoids are found within the same essential oil,it is likely that LL has a synergistic effect with ME,which has been previously characterized as both a GABAAR agonist and a positive allosteric modulator,and with other monoterpenoids,which offers a possible explanation for the sedative and anticonvulsant effects and the insecticidal activities of LL.
文摘Ferric chloride catalyzes the isomerization and cyclization of geraniol, linalool and nerol in acetonitrile giving a-terpineol in good to high yields.
文摘In this paper experimental equilibrium data on the system supercritical CO2-orange essential oil and the system supercritical CO2-linalool are reported at 323.15 K and 343.15 K, for pressures in the ranges of 7.6-13.5 MPa. The behavior of the system supercritical CO2-orange essential oil was represented by means of thermodynamic model, based on Peng-Robinson equation of state. To this aim the orange essential oil was represented by a mixture of limonene, linalool and β-caryophyllene, selected to represent the classes of monoterpenes, oxygenated terpenes and sesquiterpenes respectively. The model uses only regression parameters calculated from binary sub-systems, CO2-limonene and CO2-β-caryophyllene (taken from literature) and CO2-linalool (calculated from the fitting of original data reported in the present work) thus being predictive with respect to the multicomponent mixture.
文摘Objectives： The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linalool in chronically stressed rats on their behaviour as related to depressive disorders and BDNF （brain-derived neurotropic factor） protein in the hippocampus. Methods： Either Tween 80 or linalool （50, 160, 500 mg/kg） was intraperitonealty administered to rats, daily, for two weeks. Some rats were housed in home cages but the others were induced with chronic restrained stress （15 min daily）. At the end of the treatment, the rats were assessed for depressive-like behaviour using the forced swimming test. At the end of the behaviour test, the animals were immediately decapitated and the hippocampus of each animal was removed for the measurement of the BDNF protein by ELISA. Result： The immobility time was significantly increased （p 〈 0.05） but time of climbing was significantly decreased （p 〈 0.05）. The restrained rats treated with linalool, 500 mg/kg, displayed immobility times less than those of their controls （p 〈 0.05） while these rats showed significantly more climbing than in the control rats （p 〈 0.05）. Linalool showed no effect on the BDNF protein in the hippocampus. Conclusions： linalool decreases behaviour related to depressive disorders but it has no effect on the BDNF protein in chronic restrained stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225041,32293243,32422073,32202325,32421004)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-3)+1 种基金Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(grant no.2024JC-JCQN-22)Cyrus Tang Foundation and the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2023LZGC002).
文摘Wall-associated receptor kinases(WAKs)and WAK-likes(WAKLs)play pivotal roles in regulating plant immunity,through multiple downstream signaling components.However,knowledge of WAKs/WAKLs in wheat immune responses to rust diseases remain limited.In this study,we identified and characterized a wheat WAKL,TaWAKL8-2B,which is upregulated during wheat resistance to both Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)and Puccinia triticina(Ptt),indicating its role in wheat resistance to these two rust fungi.Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaWAKL8-2B exhibited enhanced resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust,accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and up-regulated defense-related gene expression.Whereas,knockout TaWAKL8-2B reduced resistance to Pst and Ptt with less ROS accumulation,highlighting its positive role in wheat resistance.RNA-seq analysis revealed that 33 genes encoding ROS-scavenging enzymes were upregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants,explaining the reduced ROS.KEGG analysis enriched the monoterpenoid pathway,particularly the linalool biosynthesis pathway,with linalool synthases significantly downregulated in TaWAKL8-2B-KO plants.Correspondingly,linalool synthase content and linalool content decreased in knockout plants.Collectively,our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which TaWAKL8-2B positively modulates wheat rust resistance through modulating linalool biosynthesis and peroxidase activity.These results enhance our understanding of TaWAKL8-2B mediated immune signaling and offer a promising gene for improving wheat broad-spectrum resistance to rust diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51872254)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20211548)the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Fund of Yangzhou University(2022).
文摘It is a huge challenge for metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors to inspect volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at room temperature(RT).Herein,the effective utilization of cerium oxide(CeO_(2))nanowires for RT detection of VOCs was realized via regulating its surface chemical state.Oxygen vacancy engineering on CeO_(2)nanowires,synthesized via hydrothermal method,can be manipulated by annealing under various controlled atmospheres.The sample annealed under 5%H_(2)+95%Ar condition exhibited outstanding RT sensing properties,displaying a high response of 16.7 towards 20 ppm linalool,a fast response and recovery time(16 and 121 s,respectively),and a low detection of limit of 0.54 ppm.The enhanced sensing performance could be ascribed for the synergistic effects of its nanowire morphology,the large specific surface area(83.95 m^(2)/g),and the formation of extensive oxygen vacancy accompanied by an increase in Ce^(3+).Additionally,the practicability of the sensor was verified via two varieties of rice(Indica and Japonica rice)stored in various periods(1,3,5,7,15,and 30 d).The experimental results revealed that the sensor was able to distinguish Indica rice from Japonica rice.Accordingly,the as-developed sensor delivers a strategic material to develop high-performance RT electronic nose equipment for monitoring rice quality.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32160591)for financial support.
文摘Linalool,a major component of aromatic plant essential oils,has an antibacterial effect against Hafnia alvei,which can induce food spoilage.In this study,we aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect and mechanism of linalool against H.alvei.Linalool treatment resulted in excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,which resulted in destruction of the cell membrane.According to the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and flow cytometry(FCM)results,it was confirmed that the membrane structure of H.alvei was destroyed.Moreover,metabolomics analysis showed that there were 64 and 73 differentially expressed metabolites screened by mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes,respectively,suggesting that nucleic acid metabolism,the respiratory chain and energy metabolism were negatively affected by linalool.Biochemical validation confirmed that the activities of malate dehydrogenase(MDH),and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)and respiratory metabolism were reduced after linalool treatment.It was therefore concluded that the cell membrane was damaged,nucleic acid metabolism was disturbed,and energy metabolism was reduced by inhibition of the respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle.These results revealed the antibacterial mechanism of linalool against H.alvei,and support the use of linalool as a potential natural preservative to control H.alvei.
基金This work was funded by the Max Planck Society and advanced Grant No.293926 of the European Research Council(to I.T.B.)in part supported by the Collaborative Research Centre ChemBioSys(CRC 1127)funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,and the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(7820100514).
文摘The ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile derivatives.We studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in(S)-(+)-linalool contents,and lines engineered to produce either(R)-(-)-or(S)-(+)-linalool.Only(S)-(+)-linalool production was associated with slower growth of a generalist herbivore,and a large fraction was present as nonvolatile derivatives.We found that variation in volatile linalool and its nonvolatile glycosides mapped to the same genetic locus which harbored the biosynthetic gene,NaLIS,but that free linalool varied more in environmental responses.This study reveals how(S)-(+)-linalool and conjugates differ in their regulation and possible functions in resistance.
