Ecologists have been puzzled by population cycles of lemmings and voles for the over 70 years. At present, our understanding and explanation to this phenomenon remain controversial. Recently, El Nino/South Oscillation...Ecologists have been puzzled by population cycles of lemmings and voles for the over 70 years. At present, our understanding and explanation to this phenomenon remain controversial. Recently, El Nino/South Oscillation has attracted attention of ecologists on its links with population outbreaks of terrestrial animals. This paper aims to investigate the statistical relationship between outbreaks of microtine rodents and ENSO events by scanning available literature. During 1862-1894, outbreaks of Norway lemmings in Norway tended to occur in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) peak years or 1 year after the SOI peak years with an approximate significance level (p = 0.057). During 1885-1931, outbreaks of voles in France tended to occur 1 year before the SOI peak years (p = 0.01). During 1946-1993, outbreaks of lemmings and voles in North Finland tended to occur 1 year before the SOI peak years with a significant level (p = 0.022); the peaks of population abundance corresponded well to the SOI trough years展开更多
In this study,twelve machine learning(ML)techniques are used to accurately estimate the safety factor of rock slopes(SFRS).The dataset used for developing these models consists of 344 rock slopes from various open-pit...In this study,twelve machine learning(ML)techniques are used to accurately estimate the safety factor of rock slopes(SFRS).The dataset used for developing these models consists of 344 rock slopes from various open-pit mines around Iran,evenly distributed between the training(80%)and testing(20%)datasets.The models are evaluated for accuracy using Janbu's limit equilibrium method(LEM)and commercial tool GeoStudio methods.Statistical assessment metrics show that the random forest model is the most accurate in estimating the SFRS(MSE=0.0182,R2=0.8319)and shows high agreement with the results from the LEM method.The results from the long-short-term memory(LSTM)model are the least accurate(MSE=0.037,R2=0.6618)of all the models tested.However,only the null space support vector regression(NuSVR)model performs accurately compared to the practice mode by altering the value of one parameter while maintaining the other parameters constant.It is suggested that this model would be the best one to use to calculate the SFRS.A graphical user interface for the proposed models is developed to further assist in the calculation of the SFRS for engineering difficulties.In this study,we attempt to bridge the gap between modern slope stability evaluation techniques and more conventional analysis methods.展开更多
Although disintegrated dolomite,widely distributed across the globe,has conventionally been a focus of research in underground engineering,the issue of slope stability issues in disintegrated dolomite strata is gainin...Although disintegrated dolomite,widely distributed across the globe,has conventionally been a focus of research in underground engineering,the issue of slope stability issues in disintegrated dolomite strata is gaining increasing prominence.This is primarily due to their unique properties,including low strength and loose structure.Current methods for evaluating slope stability,such as basic quality(BQ)and slope stability probability classification(SSPC),do not adequately account for the poor integrity and structural fragmentation characteristic of disintegrated dolomite.To address this challenge,an analysis of the applicability of the limit equilibrium method(LEM),BQ,and SSPC methods was conducted on eight disintegrated dolomite slopes located in Baoshan,Southwest China.However,conflicting results were obtained.Therefore,this paper introduces a novel method,SMRDDS,to provide rapid and accurate assessment of disintegrated dolomite slope stability.This method incorporates parameters such as disintegrated grade,joint state,groundwater conditions,and excavation methods.The findings reveal that six slopes exhibit stability,while two are considered partially unstable.Notably,the proposed method demonstrates a closer match with the actual conditions and is more time-efficient compared with the BQ and SSPC methods.However,due to the limited research on disintegrated dolomite slopes,the results of the SMRDDS method tend to be conservative as a safety precaution.In conclusion,the SMRDDS method can quickly evaluate the current situation of disintegrated dolomite slopes in the field.This contributes significantly to disaster risk reduction for disintegrated dolomite slopes.展开更多
According to special relativity,the relationship of electromagnetic conversion in a linear moving vacuum and the relationship formula between the magnetic vector potential/scalar potential and the LEM(Longitudinal Ele...According to special relativity,the relationship of electromagnetic conversion in a linear moving vacuum and the relationship formula between the magnetic vector potential/scalar potential and the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic)waves,it is inferred that the spherical vacuum space we are in undergoes outward helical motion at the speed of light following the right-hand screw rule,accompanied by a radial space expansion motion far less than the speed of light.Based on this space basis,we derive a unified field equation indicating that the gravitational field might be equivalent to the acceleration field of the radial expansion motion of our vacuum space,the strong nuclear force field presumably is generated by the light-rotation angular velocity of our space,the weak nuclear force field is most probably produced by its radial expansion motion and the electromagnetic field is undoubtedly produced by the radial linear motion of our space at the speed of light.We have also demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the LEM waves can generate artificial gravitational fields,and the LEM waves are the material basis of the unified field theory.Essentially,on Earth,time is the result of the relativistic length contraction effect caused by the radial space expansion speed,which leads to the rate of change of distance in the radial dimension on the unit radial space expansion speed.Moreover,based on the length contraction effect in special relativity,the time and space generated by the outward helical motion of space at the speed of light can be expressed as zero.This indicates that such motion not only does not affect the seemingly perpetually stationary space that we can constantly perceive but also enables the gravitational field formula to remain unchanged in our space.They constitute the spatio-temporal basis of the unified field theory.Based on our unified field theory,we have also discussed some forward-looking perspectives,such as motion at the speed of light,anti-gravitation fields,and interstellar travel.展开更多
Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to exp...Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to expound on the laws of electromagnetic induction and conversion.The longitudinal wave term of Faraday’s law is reinstated to render it suitable for theoretical derivation of the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave)equation.Subsequently,we formulate the wave and energy equations for electric P-wave based on reevaluated total current law and modified Faraday’s law;meanwhile proposing a propagation mode that reveals its mechanisms absorbing free energy for LEM waves in a conductor predicated on interaction between scalar electric field and vortex magnetic field.Furthermore,through theoretical derivations based on LEM waves,insights into concealed relationships between electric P-wave and electromagnetism scalar potential are disclosed alongside the constraint equation between the wave velocities of LEM wave and TEM(Transverse Electromagnetic)waves,unveiling the significance of LEM wave.展开更多
文摘Ecologists have been puzzled by population cycles of lemmings and voles for the over 70 years. At present, our understanding and explanation to this phenomenon remain controversial. Recently, El Nino/South Oscillation has attracted attention of ecologists on its links with population outbreaks of terrestrial animals. This paper aims to investigate the statistical relationship between outbreaks of microtine rodents and ENSO events by scanning available literature. During 1862-1894, outbreaks of Norway lemmings in Norway tended to occur in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) peak years or 1 year after the SOI peak years with an approximate significance level (p = 0.057). During 1885-1931, outbreaks of voles in France tended to occur 1 year before the SOI peak years (p = 0.01). During 1946-1993, outbreaks of lemmings and voles in North Finland tended to occur 1 year before the SOI peak years with a significant level (p = 0.022); the peaks of population abundance corresponded well to the SOI trough years
基金supported via funding from Prince Satam bin Abdulaziz University project number (PSAU/2024/R/1445)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large Group Research Project (Grant No.RGP.2/357/44).
文摘In this study,twelve machine learning(ML)techniques are used to accurately estimate the safety factor of rock slopes(SFRS).The dataset used for developing these models consists of 344 rock slopes from various open-pit mines around Iran,evenly distributed between the training(80%)and testing(20%)datasets.The models are evaluated for accuracy using Janbu's limit equilibrium method(LEM)and commercial tool GeoStudio methods.Statistical assessment metrics show that the random forest model is the most accurate in estimating the SFRS(MSE=0.0182,R2=0.8319)and shows high agreement with the results from the LEM method.The results from the long-short-term memory(LSTM)model are the least accurate(MSE=0.037,R2=0.6618)of all the models tested.However,only the null space support vector regression(NuSVR)model performs accurately compared to the practice mode by altering the value of one parameter while maintaining the other parameters constant.It is suggested that this model would be the best one to use to calculate the SFRS.A graphical user interface for the proposed models is developed to further assist in the calculation of the SFRS for engineering difficulties.In this study,we attempt to bridge the gap between modern slope stability evaluation techniques and more conventional analysis methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42162026)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202201AT070083).
文摘Although disintegrated dolomite,widely distributed across the globe,has conventionally been a focus of research in underground engineering,the issue of slope stability issues in disintegrated dolomite strata is gaining increasing prominence.This is primarily due to their unique properties,including low strength and loose structure.Current methods for evaluating slope stability,such as basic quality(BQ)and slope stability probability classification(SSPC),do not adequately account for the poor integrity and structural fragmentation characteristic of disintegrated dolomite.To address this challenge,an analysis of the applicability of the limit equilibrium method(LEM),BQ,and SSPC methods was conducted on eight disintegrated dolomite slopes located in Baoshan,Southwest China.However,conflicting results were obtained.Therefore,this paper introduces a novel method,SMRDDS,to provide rapid and accurate assessment of disintegrated dolomite slope stability.This method incorporates parameters such as disintegrated grade,joint state,groundwater conditions,and excavation methods.The findings reveal that six slopes exhibit stability,while two are considered partially unstable.Notably,the proposed method demonstrates a closer match with the actual conditions and is more time-efficient compared with the BQ and SSPC methods.However,due to the limited research on disintegrated dolomite slopes,the results of the SMRDDS method tend to be conservative as a safety precaution.In conclusion,the SMRDDS method can quickly evaluate the current situation of disintegrated dolomite slopes in the field.This contributes significantly to disaster risk reduction for disintegrated dolomite slopes.
文摘According to special relativity,the relationship of electromagnetic conversion in a linear moving vacuum and the relationship formula between the magnetic vector potential/scalar potential and the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic)waves,it is inferred that the spherical vacuum space we are in undergoes outward helical motion at the speed of light following the right-hand screw rule,accompanied by a radial space expansion motion far less than the speed of light.Based on this space basis,we derive a unified field equation indicating that the gravitational field might be equivalent to the acceleration field of the radial expansion motion of our vacuum space,the strong nuclear force field presumably is generated by the light-rotation angular velocity of our space,the weak nuclear force field is most probably produced by its radial expansion motion and the electromagnetic field is undoubtedly produced by the radial linear motion of our space at the speed of light.We have also demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the LEM waves can generate artificial gravitational fields,and the LEM waves are the material basis of the unified field theory.Essentially,on Earth,time is the result of the relativistic length contraction effect caused by the radial space expansion speed,which leads to the rate of change of distance in the radial dimension on the unit radial space expansion speed.Moreover,based on the length contraction effect in special relativity,the time and space generated by the outward helical motion of space at the speed of light can be expressed as zero.This indicates that such motion not only does not affect the seemingly perpetually stationary space that we can constantly perceive but also enables the gravitational field formula to remain unchanged in our space.They constitute the spatio-temporal basis of the unified field theory.Based on our unified field theory,we have also discussed some forward-looking perspectives,such as motion at the speed of light,anti-gravitation fields,and interstellar travel.
文摘Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to expound on the laws of electromagnetic induction and conversion.The longitudinal wave term of Faraday’s law is reinstated to render it suitable for theoretical derivation of the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave)equation.Subsequently,we formulate the wave and energy equations for electric P-wave based on reevaluated total current law and modified Faraday’s law;meanwhile proposing a propagation mode that reveals its mechanisms absorbing free energy for LEM waves in a conductor predicated on interaction between scalar electric field and vortex magnetic field.Furthermore,through theoretical derivations based on LEM waves,insights into concealed relationships between electric P-wave and electromagnetism scalar potential are disclosed alongside the constraint equation between the wave velocities of LEM wave and TEM(Transverse Electromagnetic)waves,unveiling the significance of LEM wave.
