The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)rating system is cur-rently progressing from version 3(V3)to 4(V4)with the aim of reducing environ-mental damage in the global construction sector.The LEED Commer...The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)rating system is cur-rently progressing from version 3(V3)to 4(V4)with the aim of reducing environ-mental damage in the global construction sector.The LEED Commercial Interiors(LEED-CI)subsystem is widely used for office spaces,particularly in Shanghai and California.Comparing Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI projects can shed light on the ability of the LEED-CI subsystem to adapt to local green building standards and local environmental conditions.The aim of this study was to assess the difference between V3 and V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects using a comparison between Shanghai and California.The US Green Building Council and the Green Building Information Gateway databases were used to source LEED-CI V3 and V4 Gold office projects.The natural logarithm of the odds ratio and Fisher’s exact 2×2 tests with a mid p-value were used to evaluate the binary data,while the Cliff’sδand exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the ordinal data.The results show no difference between Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI V3 Gold office projects in the five main LEED-CI categories.The shift from V3 to V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects is increasing the difference between Shanghai and California in terms of the following LEED-CI categories:location and transporta-tion,water efficiency,energy and atmosphere,and materials and resources.Therefore,as compared to V3,V4 for LEED-CI Gold office projects demonstrated greater adaptability to local green building standards and environmental conditions.展开更多
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) is more relevant to interior design, which, according to the sharing layer concept, differs from exterior design (which is usually evaluated...Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) is more relevant to interior design, which, according to the sharing layer concept, differs from exterior design (which is usually evaluated with the LEED New Construction sub-scheme). LEED-CI requires separate empirical analyses of LEED-CI certified buildings to further improve this sub-scheme. Therefore, in this study, Silver and Gold projects certified under LEED-CI-2009 in 14 US states were considered. Three project performance analyses, (i) certification, (ii) category, and (iii) cross-certification, were studied. The following results were revealed: (i) the range of the medians for Silver- and Gold-certified projects were 51-57 pts and 62-71 pts, respectively;(ii) in both Silver- and Gold-certified projects, Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), and Innovation in Design (ID) were the best-performing;Energy and Atmosphere (EA) and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were intermediate-performing;and Material and Resources (MR) was the worst-performing categories;and (iii) in Silver-Gold cross-certification, category-focused (in 10 of 14 states) and category-unfocused (in four of 14 states) strategies were determined;in the category-focused strategy, the highest popular category was EA;the intermediate popular categories were WE, MR, and ID;and the lowest popular category was SS. Pooling all projects and all states into one frame can lead to the obscurement of the actual LEED-CI-2009 strategy(ies) in the transition from Silver to Gold certification in the US.展开更多
文摘The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)rating system is cur-rently progressing from version 3(V3)to 4(V4)with the aim of reducing environ-mental damage in the global construction sector.The LEED Commercial Interiors(LEED-CI)subsystem is widely used for office spaces,particularly in Shanghai and California.Comparing Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI projects can shed light on the ability of the LEED-CI subsystem to adapt to local green building standards and local environmental conditions.The aim of this study was to assess the difference between V3 and V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects using a comparison between Shanghai and California.The US Green Building Council and the Green Building Information Gateway databases were used to source LEED-CI V3 and V4 Gold office projects.The natural logarithm of the odds ratio and Fisher’s exact 2×2 tests with a mid p-value were used to evaluate the binary data,while the Cliff’sδand exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the ordinal data.The results show no difference between Shanghai and California in terms of LEED-CI V3 Gold office projects in the five main LEED-CI categories.The shift from V3 to V4 LEED-CI Gold office projects is increasing the difference between Shanghai and California in terms of the following LEED-CI categories:location and transporta-tion,water efficiency,energy and atmosphere,and materials and resources.Therefore,as compared to V3,V4 for LEED-CI Gold office projects demonstrated greater adaptability to local green building standards and environmental conditions.
文摘Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) is more relevant to interior design, which, according to the sharing layer concept, differs from exterior design (which is usually evaluated with the LEED New Construction sub-scheme). LEED-CI requires separate empirical analyses of LEED-CI certified buildings to further improve this sub-scheme. Therefore, in this study, Silver and Gold projects certified under LEED-CI-2009 in 14 US states were considered. Three project performance analyses, (i) certification, (ii) category, and (iii) cross-certification, were studied. The following results were revealed: (i) the range of the medians for Silver- and Gold-certified projects were 51-57 pts and 62-71 pts, respectively;(ii) in both Silver- and Gold-certified projects, Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), and Innovation in Design (ID) were the best-performing;Energy and Atmosphere (EA) and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were intermediate-performing;and Material and Resources (MR) was the worst-performing categories;and (iii) in Silver-Gold cross-certification, category-focused (in 10 of 14 states) and category-unfocused (in four of 14 states) strategies were determined;in the category-focused strategy, the highest popular category was EA;the intermediate popular categories were WE, MR, and ID;and the lowest popular category was SS. Pooling all projects and all states into one frame can lead to the obscurement of the actual LEED-CI-2009 strategy(ies) in the transition from Silver to Gold certification in the US.
