Lead(Pb)-zinc(Zn)slags contain large amounts of Pb,causing irreversible damage to the environment.Therefore,developing an effective strategy to extract Pb from Pb-Zn slags and convert them into a renewable high-value ...Lead(Pb)-zinc(Zn)slags contain large amounts of Pb,causing irreversible damage to the environment.Therefore,developing an effective strategy to extract Pb from Pb-Zn slags and convert them into a renewable high-value catalyst not only solves the energy crisis but also reduces environmental pollution.Herein,we present a viable strategy to recycle Pb and iron(Fe)from Pb-Zn slags for the fabrication of efficient methylammonium lead tri-iodide(r-MAPbI_(3))piezocatalysts with single-atom Fe-N_(4) sites.Intriguingly,atomically dispersed Fe sites from Pb-Zn slags,which coordinated with N in the neighboring four CH3NH3 to form the FeN_(4) configuration,were detected in the as-obtained r-MAPbI_(3) by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The introduction of Fe single atoms amplified the polarization of MAPbI_(3) and upshifted the d-band center of MAPbI_(3).This not only enhanced the piezoelectric response of MAPbI_(3) but also promoted the proton transfer during the hydrogen evolution process.Due to the decoration of Fe single atoms,r-MAPbI_(3) showed a pronounced H2 yield of 322.4μmol g^(−1) h^(−1),which was 2.52 times that of MAPbI_(3) synthesized using commercially available reagents.This simple yet robust strategy to manufactureMAPbI_(3) piezocatalysts paves a novel way to the large-scale and value-added consumption of Pb-containing waste residues.展开更多
Lead chalcohalides(PbYX,X=Cl,Br,I;Y=S,Se)is an extension of the classic Pb chalcogenides(PbY).Constructing the heterogeneous integration with PbYX and PbY material systems makes it possible to achieve significantly im...Lead chalcohalides(PbYX,X=Cl,Br,I;Y=S,Se)is an extension of the classic Pb chalcogenides(PbY).Constructing the heterogeneous integration with PbYX and PbY material systems makes it possible to achieve significantly improved optoelectronic performance.In this work,we studied the effect of introducing halogen precursors on the structure of classical PbS nanocrystals(NCs)during the synthesis process and realized the preparation of PbS/Pb_(3)S_(2)X_(2) core/shell structure for the first time.The core/shell structure can effectively improve their optical properties.Furthermore,our approach enables the synthesis of Pb_(3)S_(2)Br_(2) that had not yet been reported.Our results not only provide valuable insights into the heterogeneous integration of PbYX and PbY materials to elevate material properties but also provide an effective method for further expanding the preparation of PbYX material systems.展开更多
This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder(PCLP)as a biosorbent for removing lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)from aqueous solutions,optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Pro...This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder(PCLP)as a biosorbent for removing lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)from aqueous solutions,optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Prosopis cineraria,commonly known as Khejri,is a drought-resistant tree with significant promise in environmental applications.The research employed a Central Composite Design(CCD)to examine the independent and combined effects of key process variables,including initial metal ion concentration,contact time,pH,and PCLP dosage.RSM was used to develop mathematical models that explain the relationship between these factors and the efficiency of metal removal,allowing the determination of optimal operating conditions.The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most appropriate for describing the biosorption of both metals,suggesting favorable adsorption characteristics.Additionally,the D-R isotherm confirmed that chemisorption was the primary mechanism involved in the biosorption process.For lead removal,the optimal conditions were found to be 312.23 K temperature,pH 4.72,58.5 mg L-1 initial concentration,and 0.27 g biosorbent dosage,achieving an 83.77%removal efficiency.For zinc,the optimal conditions were 312.4 K,pH 5.86,53.07 mg L-1 initial concentration,and the same biosorbent dosage,resulting in a 75.86%removal efficiency.These findings highlight PCLP’s potential as an effective,eco-friendly biosorbent for sustainable heavy metal removal in water treatment.展开更多
Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony a...Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony and bismuth face several challenges, including excessively wide band gaps, elevated defect densities, and suboptimal film quality, all of which hinder advancements in device efficiency. While extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of modulating the A-site and X-site elements in lead-free A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskites, there remains a notable scarcity of reports addressing the impact of modifications to the B-site element. In this study, we investigated the alloying of antimony and bismuth within the 2D Cs_(3)B_(2)I_(6)Br_(3) perovskite. By systematically varying the ratios of two elements, we found that the incorporation of both antimony and bismuth at the B-site significantly enhances the quality of the perovskite films. Our findings indicate that a 1 : 1 ratio of antimony to bismuth produces the densest films, the highest photoluminescence intensity, and superior photovoltaic performance. Ultimately,the devices fabricated using this optimal ratio achieved an open-circuit voltage(VOC) of 1.01 V and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.645%.展开更多
Rod-airfoil interaction noise becomes a major issue in some aeronautical applications.The design of four wavy leading edges(WLEs)with varying wavelengths,bioinspired by the tubercles on humpback whales’flippers,aims ...Rod-airfoil interaction noise becomes a major issue in some aeronautical applications.The design of four wavy leading edges(WLEs)with varying wavelengths,bioinspired by the tubercles on humpback whales’flippers,aims to mitigate far-field noise.Among these cases,a reduction in the wavelength is found to be advantageous for noise suppression,with the smallest wavelength case achieving a maximum noise reduction of 1.9 dB.Furthermore,the noise radiation induced by WLEs is suppressed mainly at medium frequencies.The theory of multiprocess aeroacoustics is applied to reveal their underlying mechanisms.The dominant factor is the source cutoff effect,which significantly decreases the source strength on hills.Additionally,spanwise decoherence with phase interference serves as another crucial mechanism,particularly for reducing mid-frequency noise.展开更多
This study investigates the pharmacokinetics and metabolic characteristics of three marinederived piericidins as potential drug leads for kidney disease:piericidin A(PA)and its two glycosides(GPAs),glucopiericidin A(G...This study investigates the pharmacokinetics and metabolic characteristics of three marinederived piericidins as potential drug leads for kidney disease:piericidin A(PA)and its two glycosides(GPAs),glucopiericidin A(GPA)and 13-hydroxyglucopiericidin A(13-OH-GPA).The research aims to facilitate lead selection and optimization for developing a viable preclinical candidate.Rapid absorption of PA and GPAs in mice was observed,characterized by short half-lives and low bioavailability.Glycosides and hydroxyl groups significantly enhanced the absorption rate(13-OH-GPA>GPA>PA).PA and GPAs exhibited metabolic instability in liver microsomes due to Cytochrome P450 enzymes(CYPs)and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases(UGTs).Glucuronidation emerged as the primary metabolic pathway,with UGT1A7,UGT1A8,UGT1A9,and UGT1A10 demonstrating high elimination rates(30%-70%)for PA and GPAs.This rapid glucuronidation may contribute to the low bioavailability of GPAs.Despite its low bioavailability(2.69%),13-OH-GPA showed higher kidney distribution(19.8%)compared to PA(10.0%)and GPA(7.3%),suggesting enhanced biological efficacy in kidney diseases.Modifying the C-13 hydroxyl group appears to be a promising approach to improve bioavailability.In conclusion,this study provides valuable metabolic insights for the development and optimization of marine-derived piericidins as potential drug leads for kidney disease.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on lead-induced Sertoli cell injury and its potential molecular mechanisms using primary Sertoli cells from rooster testes.Methods:Primary Sertoli ce...Objective:To investigate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on lead-induced Sertoli cell injury and its potential molecular mechanisms using primary Sertoli cells from rooster testes.Methods:Primary Sertoli cells from 6-week-old rooster testes were divided into four goups.They were treated with serum-free DMEM-F12 medium(the control group),40μM lead acetate,100μM alpha-lipoic acid,or 40μM lead acetate plus 100μM alpha-lipoic acid for 24 h,respectively.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species levels(DCFH-DA),antioxidant enzyme activities(catalase,superoxide dismutase),blood-testis barrier-related proteins,nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway components,proliferation/apoptosis markers(Western blot),and related gene expression(qPCR)were analyzed.Results:Alpha-lipoic acid treatment significantly reduced lead-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production by 58.3%compared to the lead acetate group(P<0.05),enhanced catalase activity by 35.8%(P<0.05),and elevated lead-reduced PCNA expression by 47.2%(P<0.05).Lead acetate 40μM plus 100μM alpha-lipoic acid significantly increased Nrf2 expression by 78.9%and HO1/NQO1 expression by 97.5%and 89.4%,respectively(P<0.05),significantly upregulated the expression of Bcl2 protein and significantly downregulated Bax protein expression(P<0.05).Conclusions:Alpha-lipoic acid enhances the antioxidant properties of Sertoli cells by activating the Nrf2 pathway,restores lead-induced excessive autophagy,and inhibits apoptosis,thus alleviating the damage caused by lead in Sertoli cells.展开更多
Microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to analyze the sources of lead in farmland soil and rice in the Jiulongjiang River Basin.The results suggested that the source of lead i...Microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to analyze the sources of lead in farmland soil and rice in the Jiulongjiang River Basin.The results suggested that the source of lead in rice was differ from that in soil.There were four main sources of lead in farmland soil:natural source,agricultural source,industrial source and fossil fuel source,among which natural source,agricultural source and industrial source contributed more.There were four main sources of lead in rice:natural,agricultural,industrial and fossil fuel sources,and more importantly,fossil fuel sources.The comparison of lead isotope composition with potential sources(^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb,^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb,^(208)Pb/^(207)Pb)can provide a scientific basis for the identification and treatment of heavy metal lead pollution sources in farmland soil and rice in the Jiulong River Basin.展开更多
Evaluating the stabilized lead(Pb)-contaminated soils through sampling and laboratory testing involves costly and time-consuming processes.Therefore,this study employed a low-cost and non-destructive resistivity tool ...Evaluating the stabilized lead(Pb)-contaminated soils through sampling and laboratory testing involves costly and time-consuming processes.Therefore,this study employed a low-cost and non-destructive resistivity tool to evaluate the Pb-contaminated soils stabilized by electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)-based geopolymer(EG-OPC)from the strength and environmental benefits perspective.First,unconfined compressive strength(UCS)and leaching tests were conducted to study the stabilization effectiveness of EG-OPC.Results indicated that the UCS values of soil(5000 mg/kg of pollutants)stabilized by 20%EG-OPC were 4.87 MPa and 8.13 MPa after 7 d and 60 d of curing,respectively.After 60 d of curing,the Pb concentration in the leachate reached 44 mg/L,far lower than the control group(321 mg/L).Second,soil,pore water,and leachate resistivity(ERS,ERW,and ERL)were measured to establish fitting relationships with strength parameters and pollution risk.The good fitting results(e.g.ERS/ERW versus UCS/secant modulus(E50):correlation coefficient R2 z 0.9,ERS/ERW versus Pb contents:R2 z 0.9,and ERL versus Pb2þconcentration:R2¼0.92)and well used Archie's law(ERS versus ERW:R2>0.9)indicate that the resistivity can be used to evaluate the stabilization effectiveness.Furthermore,the microscopic results revealed two behaviors,demonstrating the reliability of resistivity:(1)with the hydration process,resistivity increases due to a denser structure and lower amounts of free water and Pb ions,and(2)the addition of Pb reduces resistivity due to its inhibition or even destructive effects on cementation and formation of hydration products.展开更多
The ionosphere is an important component of the near Earth space environment.The three common methods for detecting the ionosphere with high frequency(HF)radio signals are vertical detection,oblique detection,and obli...The ionosphere is an important component of the near Earth space environment.The three common methods for detecting the ionosphere with high frequency(HF)radio signals are vertical detection,oblique detection,and oblique backscatter detection.The ionograms obtained by these detection methods can effectively reflect a large amount of effective information in the ionosphere.The focus of this article is on the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained by oblique backscatter detection.By extracting the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram,effective information in the ionosphere can be inverted.The key issue is how to accurately obtain the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram.In recent years,the application of pattern recognition has become increasingly widespread,and the YOLO model is one of the best fast object detection algorithms in one-stage.Therefore,the core idea of this article is to use the newer YOLOX object detection algorithm in the YOLO family to perform pattern recognition on the F and E_(s) layers echoes in the oblique backscatter ionogram.After image processing,a single-layer oblique backscatter echoes are obtained.It can be found that the leading edge extraction of the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained after pattern recognition and image processing by the YOLOX model is more fitting to the actual oblique backscatter leading edge.展开更多
This paper presented a novel and environmentally friendly approach for recovering platinum group metals(PGMs)from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.The study employed lead slag and waste graphite electrodes as raw ma...This paper presented a novel and environmentally friendly approach for recovering platinum group metals(PGMs)from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.The study employed lead slag and waste graphite electrodes as raw materials,incorporating CaO as an additive to fine-tune the slag's viscosity and density.By reducing FeO in the lead slag using waste graphite electrodes,pure Fe was obtained,effectively trapping the PGMs from the exhausted catalysts.The study explored the effects of reductant addition,trapping duration,slag basicity,and trapping temperature on the recovery rate of PGMs.The results indicated that a maximum recovery rate of 97.86%was achieved when the reductant was added at 1.5 times the theoretical amount,with a trapping duration of 60 minutes,a slag basicity of 0.7,and a trapping temperature of 1600℃.This research offered a greener pathway for the recovery of PGMs from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.展开更多
The primary Mach Reflection(MR)and pressure/heating loads on V-shaped Blunt Leading Edges(VBLEs)with variable elliptic cross-sections and conic crotches are theoretically investigated in this study.The simplified cont...The primary Mach Reflection(MR)and pressure/heating loads on V-shaped Blunt Leading Edges(VBLEs)with variable elliptic cross-sections and conic crotches are theoretically investigated in this study.The simplified continuity method is used to forecast the shock configurations.The theoretical predictions and the numerical simulations for the Mach stem and the triple point as well as the curved shock accord well.Based on the theoretical model,an analysis of the impact of the axial ratio a/b of the cross-sectional shape and the eccentricity e of the crotch sweep path on shock structures is carried out.The shock configurations obtained from the theoretical model enable the derivation of the transition boundaries between the primary MR and the same family Regular Reflection(sRR).It is found that the increase of a/b and e can both facilitate the primary MR to sRR transition.The resulting transition and the corresponding generation of the wall pressure and heat flux are then investigated.The results indicate that higher values of the ratio a/b can significantly reduce the wall pressure and heating loads by inducing the primary MR to sRR transition.Conversely,the increase in the eccentricity e results in increased loads,despite causing the same transition.展开更多
The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and...The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.展开更多
The sources and accumulation of heavy metals in soil are of great significance for soil utilization and pollution control.Lead(Pb),a common heavy metal element,tends to accumulate in the soils with time.Excess Pb in s...The sources and accumulation of heavy metals in soil are of great significance for soil utilization and pollution control.Lead(Pb),a common heavy metal element,tends to accumulate in the soils with time.Excess Pb in soils accumulates in plants and becomes toxic to humans and livestock when it enters the food chain.The historical data of Pb contents in soils in northwest China were stud-ied to establish the historical change curve in this paper.The results indicate geochemical background and wind and dust deposition have the minor contribution to the accumulation of Pb in soils,but human activities have caused a rapid accumulation of Pb in soils.From 1990 to 2020,the accumulation of about 0.1 mg/kg of Pb in the soils is due to natural wind-dust deposits,but the content of Pb in the soils has nearly tripled from about 22 mg/kg to about 52 mg/kg with the process of anthropogenic urbanization and industrialization.We found that the influence of human activities on lead content was closely related to the total primary energy production(10,000 tons of SCE),and the evolution of soil Pb contents in the study area was consis-tent with the Allometric1 model.展开更多
As the global economy has been undergoing profound changes and the industrial and supply chains have been restructuring rapidly,China International Supply Chain Expo(hereinafter referred to as the CISCE)emerged with t...As the global economy has been undergoing profound changes and the industrial and supply chains have been restructuring rapidly,China International Supply Chain Expo(hereinafter referred to as the CISCE)emerged with the time.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus ...The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus on middle school students.Research on this critical transition period is often lacking compared to primary and high school.Therefore,this research establishes a structured equation model and analyzes the data from the survey using the partial least squares method.The data were obtained from a 13,900 Wenzhou City,China students’questionnaire.The research found that learning strategies were the most significant influences on learning effectiveness,followed by learning motivation and learning relationships.Meanwhile,learning relationships had a significant impact on learning pressure.Therefore,this research proposes targeted support strategies.It aims to enhance learning motivation(Set achievable learning goals for each student with learning difficulties based on their actual situation),optimize learning strategies(Encourage students with learning difficulties to learn self-regulatory strategies such as goal setting,time management,and self-reflection),and improve learning relationships(Establish a good social network to promote positive interaction between students with learning difficulties and their peers).At the same time,it reduces students’learning pressure.Ultimately,the learning effectiveness of students with learning difficulties is improved.展开更多
The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative ...The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative Pb-C composites consisting of single atom Pb and carbon-encapsulated PbO nanoparticles were prepared by freeze-drying technique and pyrolytic reduction to address above obstacles.The innovative use of Pb^(2+)to cross-link sodium alginate enabled a uniform distribution of Pb in the composites,generating Pb-C-PbO three-phase heterostructure.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic interactions between single-atom Pb and PbO nanoparticles in suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution and promoting the adsorption of Pb atoms.The presence of monatomic Pb and PbO enhanced the affinity of the composites for the negative active materials and facilitated the transformation of the active materials from bulk into spherical shapes to enhance the specific surface area,thereby counteracting sulphation.Through the coordinated integration of various functionalities offered by Pb@C-x,the cycle life of the battery at HRPSoC reaches 7025 cycles,which is two times for LCB with pure carbon materials.Additionally,the discharge capacity increased from 3.52 to 3.79 Ah.This study provides substantial insights into the construction of Pb-C composites for LCBs to inhibit negative sulphation and hydrogen evolution.展开更多
Lead iodide(PbI2) is a vital raw material for preparing perovskite solar cells(PSCs),and it not only takes part in forming the light absorption layer but also remains in the grain boundary as a passivator.In other wor...Lead iodide(PbI2) is a vital raw material for preparing perovskite solar cells(PSCs),and it not only takes part in forming the light absorption layer but also remains in the grain boundary as a passivator.In other words,the PbI2 content in the precursor and as formed film will affect the efficiency and stability of the PSCs.With moderate residual PbI2,it passivates the bulk/surface defects of perovskite,reduces the interfacial recombination,promotes the perovskite stability,minimizes the device hysteresis,and so on.Deficient PbI2 residue will reduce the interfacial passivation effect and device performance.In addition to facilitating the non-radiative recombination,over PbI2 residue can also lead to electronic insulation in the grain boundary and deteriorate the device performance.However,the impact and regulation of PbI2 residue on the device performance and stability is still not fully understood.Herein,a comprehensive and detailed review is presented by discussing the PbI2 residue impact and its regulation strategies(i.e., elimination,facilitation and conversion of the residue PbI2) to manipulate the PbI2 content,distribution and forms.Finally,we also show future outlooks in this field,with an aim to help further the progression of high-efficiency and stable PSCs.展开更多
With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies,cost-effective and value-added treatment of massive lead-zinc waste rock(LZWR)generated from the preconcentration process has attracted substantial attenti...With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies,cost-effective and value-added treatment of massive lead-zinc waste rock(LZWR)generated from the preconcentration process has attracted substantial attention.A type of dolomitic LZWR with 18 wt.%MgO,27 wt.%CaO,0.29 wt.%Zn and 1.43 wt.%S was used as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering process.Traditional sinter pot tests were carried out based on an industrial ore blend.The results show that replacing 0%-60%of dolomite with LZWR does not adversely affect the sintering productivity,fuel consumption rate,and the quality of the sinter products,while the Zn and S elements contained in LZWR can be effectively removed with the residual Zn and S contents of the resultant sinter products being less than 0.02 and 0.055 wt.%,respectively.However,substituting LZWR for dolomite as a flux inevitably increases the SO_(2) concentration in the sintering flue gas due to its high sulfur content.Considering the processing capacity of the sintering flue gas desulfurization system,the replacement ratio of dolomite can reach 40%,equal to LZWR consumption of 24.3 kg per ton of sinter.The SO_(2) in sintering flue gas can be recovered to produce(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) or HSO_(4),while the volatilized Zn collected into the zinc-containing dust can be subsequently recycled by the rotary hearth furnace process.Therefore,it is technologically and economically feasible to use the LZWR as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering process,providing a new way for the safe,large-scale and low-cost treatment of LZWR.展开更多
Numerous studies conducted on educational leadership have generally emphasized the role of principal,whereas,research on middle leadership remains limited[1].The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the...Numerous studies conducted on educational leadership have generally emphasized the role of principal,whereas,research on middle leadership remains limited[1].The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the development of middle leadership and seeks to fill in the gap by providing the analysis from a Chinese context.The author found that middle leaders are positioning at a challenging role,in which they are required to take charge of responsibilities of both a leader and a teacher,and in the meantime,they also need to negotiate between the senior leader,the colleagues.and subordinates.Furthermore,personal factors such as self-awareness and resilience are discovered to be pivotal for middle-leadership development.Apart from that,the principal plays a critical role in establishing collaborative school culture that facilitates the development of middle leaders based on the influences from the school’s history,culture,and policies.展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52121004,U23B20166)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515030039,2025A1515010312).
文摘Lead(Pb)-zinc(Zn)slags contain large amounts of Pb,causing irreversible damage to the environment.Therefore,developing an effective strategy to extract Pb from Pb-Zn slags and convert them into a renewable high-value catalyst not only solves the energy crisis but also reduces environmental pollution.Herein,we present a viable strategy to recycle Pb and iron(Fe)from Pb-Zn slags for the fabrication of efficient methylammonium lead tri-iodide(r-MAPbI_(3))piezocatalysts with single-atom Fe-N_(4) sites.Intriguingly,atomically dispersed Fe sites from Pb-Zn slags,which coordinated with N in the neighboring four CH3NH3 to form the FeN_(4) configuration,were detected in the as-obtained r-MAPbI_(3) by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The introduction of Fe single atoms amplified the polarization of MAPbI_(3) and upshifted the d-band center of MAPbI_(3).This not only enhanced the piezoelectric response of MAPbI_(3) but also promoted the proton transfer during the hydrogen evolution process.Due to the decoration of Fe single atoms,r-MAPbI_(3) showed a pronounced H2 yield of 322.4μmol g^(−1) h^(−1),which was 2.52 times that of MAPbI_(3) synthesized using commercially available reagents.This simple yet robust strategy to manufactureMAPbI_(3) piezocatalysts paves a novel way to the large-scale and value-added consumption of Pb-containing waste residues.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0110300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52372215,92163114,and 52202274)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20230504)the Special Fund for the"Dual Carbon"Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu province(Industrial Prospect and Key Technology Research program)(Grant Nos.BE2022023 and BE2022021)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.21KJA430004)Gusu Innovation and Entre preneurship Leading Talent Program(Grant No.ZXL2022451)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732523)supported by Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials,Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the 111 Project.
文摘Lead chalcohalides(PbYX,X=Cl,Br,I;Y=S,Se)is an extension of the classic Pb chalcogenides(PbY).Constructing the heterogeneous integration with PbYX and PbY material systems makes it possible to achieve significantly improved optoelectronic performance.In this work,we studied the effect of introducing halogen precursors on the structure of classical PbS nanocrystals(NCs)during the synthesis process and realized the preparation of PbS/Pb_(3)S_(2)X_(2) core/shell structure for the first time.The core/shell structure can effectively improve their optical properties.Furthermore,our approach enables the synthesis of Pb_(3)S_(2)Br_(2) that had not yet been reported.Our results not only provide valuable insights into the heterogeneous integration of PbYX and PbY materials to elevate material properties but also provide an effective method for further expanding the preparation of PbYX material systems.
文摘This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder(PCLP)as a biosorbent for removing lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)from aqueous solutions,optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Prosopis cineraria,commonly known as Khejri,is a drought-resistant tree with significant promise in environmental applications.The research employed a Central Composite Design(CCD)to examine the independent and combined effects of key process variables,including initial metal ion concentration,contact time,pH,and PCLP dosage.RSM was used to develop mathematical models that explain the relationship between these factors and the efficiency of metal removal,allowing the determination of optimal operating conditions.The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most appropriate for describing the biosorption of both metals,suggesting favorable adsorption characteristics.Additionally,the D-R isotherm confirmed that chemisorption was the primary mechanism involved in the biosorption process.For lead removal,the optimal conditions were found to be 312.23 K temperature,pH 4.72,58.5 mg L-1 initial concentration,and 0.27 g biosorbent dosage,achieving an 83.77%removal efficiency.For zinc,the optimal conditions were 312.4 K,pH 5.86,53.07 mg L-1 initial concentration,and the same biosorbent dosage,resulting in a 75.86%removal efficiency.These findings highlight PCLP’s potential as an effective,eco-friendly biosorbent for sustainable heavy metal removal in water treatment.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LQ22F040001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M723281)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shaoxing City (Grant No. 2023B41006)。
文摘Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony and bismuth face several challenges, including excessively wide band gaps, elevated defect densities, and suboptimal film quality, all of which hinder advancements in device efficiency. While extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of modulating the A-site and X-site elements in lead-free A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskites, there remains a notable scarcity of reports addressing the impact of modifications to the B-site element. In this study, we investigated the alloying of antimony and bismuth within the 2D Cs_(3)B_(2)I_(6)Br_(3) perovskite. By systematically varying the ratios of two elements, we found that the incorporation of both antimony and bismuth at the B-site significantly enhances the quality of the perovskite films. Our findings indicate that a 1 : 1 ratio of antimony to bismuth produces the densest films, the highest photoluminescence intensity, and superior photovoltaic performance. Ultimately,the devices fabricated using this optimal ratio achieved an open-circuit voltage(VOC) of 1.01 V and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.645%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12322210,12172351,92252202,and 12388101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Rod-airfoil interaction noise becomes a major issue in some aeronautical applications.The design of four wavy leading edges(WLEs)with varying wavelengths,bioinspired by the tubercles on humpback whales’flippers,aims to mitigate far-field noise.Among these cases,a reduction in the wavelength is found to be advantageous for noise suppression,with the smallest wavelength case achieving a maximum noise reduction of 1.9 dB.Furthermore,the noise radiation induced by WLEs is suppressed mainly at medium frequencies.The theory of multiprocess aeroacoustics is applied to reveal their underlying mechanisms.The dominant factor is the source cutoff effect,which significantly decreases the source strength on hills.Additionally,spanwise decoherence with phase interference serves as another crucial mechanism,particularly for reducing mid-frequency noise.
基金supported by the Special Project for Marine Economic Development of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(No.GDNRC[2024]25)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82274002,U20A20101)+1 种基金Guangdong Local Innovation Team Program(No.2019BT02Y262)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guangdong Medical Products Administration(Nos.S2021ZDZ042,2023ZDZ06,2024-ZDZ08,2024A1515012477)。
文摘This study investigates the pharmacokinetics and metabolic characteristics of three marinederived piericidins as potential drug leads for kidney disease:piericidin A(PA)and its two glycosides(GPAs),glucopiericidin A(GPA)and 13-hydroxyglucopiericidin A(13-OH-GPA).The research aims to facilitate lead selection and optimization for developing a viable preclinical candidate.Rapid absorption of PA and GPAs in mice was observed,characterized by short half-lives and low bioavailability.Glycosides and hydroxyl groups significantly enhanced the absorption rate(13-OH-GPA>GPA>PA).PA and GPAs exhibited metabolic instability in liver microsomes due to Cytochrome P450 enzymes(CYPs)and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases(UGTs).Glucuronidation emerged as the primary metabolic pathway,with UGT1A7,UGT1A8,UGT1A9,and UGT1A10 demonstrating high elimination rates(30%-70%)for PA and GPAs.This rapid glucuronidation may contribute to the low bioavailability of GPAs.Despite its low bioavailability(2.69%),13-OH-GPA showed higher kidney distribution(19.8%)compared to PA(10.0%)and GPA(7.3%),suggesting enhanced biological efficacy in kidney diseases.Modifying the C-13 hydroxyl group appears to be a promising approach to improve bioavailability.In conclusion,this study provides valuable metabolic insights for the development and optimization of marine-derived piericidins as potential drug leads for kidney disease.
基金funded by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LTGN24C170001Zhejiang Province Vocational Education Teaching Reform Project jg20230038+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Education Science Planning Project 2024JCD034Jinhua Science and Technology Plan Project 2024-2-002.
文摘Objective:To investigate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on lead-induced Sertoli cell injury and its potential molecular mechanisms using primary Sertoli cells from rooster testes.Methods:Primary Sertoli cells from 6-week-old rooster testes were divided into four goups.They were treated with serum-free DMEM-F12 medium(the control group),40μM lead acetate,100μM alpha-lipoic acid,or 40μM lead acetate plus 100μM alpha-lipoic acid for 24 h,respectively.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species levels(DCFH-DA),antioxidant enzyme activities(catalase,superoxide dismutase),blood-testis barrier-related proteins,nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway components,proliferation/apoptosis markers(Western blot),and related gene expression(qPCR)were analyzed.Results:Alpha-lipoic acid treatment significantly reduced lead-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production by 58.3%compared to the lead acetate group(P<0.05),enhanced catalase activity by 35.8%(P<0.05),and elevated lead-reduced PCNA expression by 47.2%(P<0.05).Lead acetate 40μM plus 100μM alpha-lipoic acid significantly increased Nrf2 expression by 78.9%and HO1/NQO1 expression by 97.5%and 89.4%,respectively(P<0.05),significantly upregulated the expression of Bcl2 protein and significantly downregulated Bax protein expression(P<0.05).Conclusions:Alpha-lipoic acid enhances the antioxidant properties of Sertoli cells by activating the Nrf2 pathway,restores lead-induced excessive autophagy,and inhibits apoptosis,thus alleviating the damage caused by lead in Sertoli cells.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J011667)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen(3502Z202374084).
文摘Microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to analyze the sources of lead in farmland soil and rice in the Jiulongjiang River Basin.The results suggested that the source of lead in rice was differ from that in soil.There were four main sources of lead in farmland soil:natural source,agricultural source,industrial source and fossil fuel source,among which natural source,agricultural source and industrial source contributed more.There were four main sources of lead in rice:natural,agricultural,industrial and fossil fuel sources,and more importantly,fossil fuel sources.The comparison of lead isotope composition with potential sources(^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb,^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb,^(208)Pb/^(207)Pb)can provide a scientific basis for the identification and treatment of heavy metal lead pollution sources in farmland soil and rice in the Jiulong River Basin.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3901204)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2021CFA096)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20320).
文摘Evaluating the stabilized lead(Pb)-contaminated soils through sampling and laboratory testing involves costly and time-consuming processes.Therefore,this study employed a low-cost and non-destructive resistivity tool to evaluate the Pb-contaminated soils stabilized by electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)-based geopolymer(EG-OPC)from the strength and environmental benefits perspective.First,unconfined compressive strength(UCS)and leaching tests were conducted to study the stabilization effectiveness of EG-OPC.Results indicated that the UCS values of soil(5000 mg/kg of pollutants)stabilized by 20%EG-OPC were 4.87 MPa and 8.13 MPa after 7 d and 60 d of curing,respectively.After 60 d of curing,the Pb concentration in the leachate reached 44 mg/L,far lower than the control group(321 mg/L).Second,soil,pore water,and leachate resistivity(ERS,ERW,and ERL)were measured to establish fitting relationships with strength parameters and pollution risk.The good fitting results(e.g.ERS/ERW versus UCS/secant modulus(E50):correlation coefficient R2 z 0.9,ERS/ERW versus Pb contents:R2 z 0.9,and ERL versus Pb2þconcentration:R2¼0.92)and well used Archie's law(ERS versus ERW:R2>0.9)indicate that the resistivity can be used to evaluate the stabilization effectiveness.Furthermore,the microscopic results revealed two behaviors,demonstrating the reliability of resistivity:(1)with the hydration process,resistivity increases due to a denser structure and lower amounts of free water and Pb ions,and(2)the addition of Pb reduces resistivity due to its inhibition or even destructive effects on cementation and formation of hydration products.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42104151,42074184,42188101,41727804)。
文摘The ionosphere is an important component of the near Earth space environment.The three common methods for detecting the ionosphere with high frequency(HF)radio signals are vertical detection,oblique detection,and oblique backscatter detection.The ionograms obtained by these detection methods can effectively reflect a large amount of effective information in the ionosphere.The focus of this article is on the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained by oblique backscatter detection.By extracting the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram,effective information in the ionosphere can be inverted.The key issue is how to accurately obtain the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram.In recent years,the application of pattern recognition has become increasingly widespread,and the YOLO model is one of the best fast object detection algorithms in one-stage.Therefore,the core idea of this article is to use the newer YOLOX object detection algorithm in the YOLO family to perform pattern recognition on the F and E_(s) layers echoes in the oblique backscatter ionogram.After image processing,a single-layer oblique backscatter echoes are obtained.It can be found that the leading edge extraction of the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained after pattern recognition and image processing by the YOLOX model is more fitting to the actual oblique backscatter leading edge.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(No.252300421563)the Key Research Projects of Henan Provincial Colleges and Universities(No.25B450001)+3 种基金the Basic and Frontier Research Project of Nanyang(No.24JCQY032)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52201044)the Key Specialized Research&Development and Promotion Project(Scientific and Technological Project)of Henan Province(No.232102221022)the Basic and Frontier Technology Research Project of Nanyang(No.23JCQY1001)。
文摘This paper presented a novel and environmentally friendly approach for recovering platinum group metals(PGMs)from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.The study employed lead slag and waste graphite electrodes as raw materials,incorporating CaO as an additive to fine-tune the slag's viscosity and density.By reducing FeO in the lead slag using waste graphite electrodes,pure Fe was obtained,effectively trapping the PGMs from the exhausted catalysts.The study explored the effects of reductant addition,trapping duration,slag basicity,and trapping temperature on the recovery rate of PGMs.The results indicated that a maximum recovery rate of 97.86%was achieved when the reductant was added at 1.5 times the theoretical amount,with a trapping duration of 60 minutes,a slag basicity of 0.7,and a trapping temperature of 1600℃.This research offered a greener pathway for the recovery of PGMs from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A2069,12302389,12372295)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2023J01046)。
文摘The primary Mach Reflection(MR)and pressure/heating loads on V-shaped Blunt Leading Edges(VBLEs)with variable elliptic cross-sections and conic crotches are theoretically investigated in this study.The simplified continuity method is used to forecast the shock configurations.The theoretical predictions and the numerical simulations for the Mach stem and the triple point as well as the curved shock accord well.Based on the theoretical model,an analysis of the impact of the axial ratio a/b of the cross-sectional shape and the eccentricity e of the crotch sweep path on shock structures is carried out.The shock configurations obtained from the theoretical model enable the derivation of the transition boundaries between the primary MR and the same family Regular Reflection(sRR).It is found that the increase of a/b and e can both facilitate the primary MR to sRR transition.The resulting transition and the corresponding generation of the wall pressure and heat flux are then investigated.The results indicate that higher values of the ratio a/b can significantly reduce the wall pressure and heating loads by inducing the primary MR to sRR transition.Conversely,the increase in the eccentricity e results in increased loads,despite causing the same transition.
基金funding from the Ongoing Research Funding program,ORF-2025-298,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:41440027)Geological Prospecting Fund of Qinghai Province(Grant number:2017042185sh029)Special project of Key Laboratory of Environmental Geology of Qinghai Province(Grant number:2023-KJ-13).Our special appreciate go to the editors and anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews and helpful comments.
文摘The sources and accumulation of heavy metals in soil are of great significance for soil utilization and pollution control.Lead(Pb),a common heavy metal element,tends to accumulate in the soils with time.Excess Pb in soils accumulates in plants and becomes toxic to humans and livestock when it enters the food chain.The historical data of Pb contents in soils in northwest China were stud-ied to establish the historical change curve in this paper.The results indicate geochemical background and wind and dust deposition have the minor contribution to the accumulation of Pb in soils,but human activities have caused a rapid accumulation of Pb in soils.From 1990 to 2020,the accumulation of about 0.1 mg/kg of Pb in the soils is due to natural wind-dust deposits,but the content of Pb in the soils has nearly tripled from about 22 mg/kg to about 52 mg/kg with the process of anthropogenic urbanization and industrialization.We found that the influence of human activities on lead content was closely related to the total primary energy production(10,000 tons of SCE),and the evolution of soil Pb contents in the study area was consis-tent with the Allometric1 model.
文摘As the global economy has been undergoing profound changes and the industrial and supply chains have been restructuring rapidly,China International Supply Chain Expo(hereinafter referred to as the CISCE)emerged with the time.
基金2025 Wenzhou Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Science(Wenzhou University Learning Science and Technology Research Centre)Research Project:Investigation and Strategy Research on the Causes of Middle School Students’Learning Difficulties in the Context of the Leading Country in Education.
文摘The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus on middle school students.Research on this critical transition period is often lacking compared to primary and high school.Therefore,this research establishes a structured equation model and analyzes the data from the survey using the partial least squares method.The data were obtained from a 13,900 Wenzhou City,China students’questionnaire.The research found that learning strategies were the most significant influences on learning effectiveness,followed by learning motivation and learning relationships.Meanwhile,learning relationships had a significant impact on learning pressure.Therefore,this research proposes targeted support strategies.It aims to enhance learning motivation(Set achievable learning goals for each student with learning difficulties based on their actual situation),optimize learning strategies(Encourage students with learning difficulties to learn self-regulatory strategies such as goal setting,time management,and self-reflection),and improve learning relationships(Establish a good social network to promote positive interaction between students with learning difficulties and their peers).At the same time,it reduces students’learning pressure.Ultimately,the learning effectiveness of students with learning difficulties is improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52064028,22002054)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202401AT070334,202101AS070013)Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Plan Projects (202202AF080002)。
文摘The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative Pb-C composites consisting of single atom Pb and carbon-encapsulated PbO nanoparticles were prepared by freeze-drying technique and pyrolytic reduction to address above obstacles.The innovative use of Pb^(2+)to cross-link sodium alginate enabled a uniform distribution of Pb in the composites,generating Pb-C-PbO three-phase heterostructure.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic interactions between single-atom Pb and PbO nanoparticles in suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution and promoting the adsorption of Pb atoms.The presence of monatomic Pb and PbO enhanced the affinity of the composites for the negative active materials and facilitated the transformation of the active materials from bulk into spherical shapes to enhance the specific surface area,thereby counteracting sulphation.Through the coordinated integration of various functionalities offered by Pb@C-x,the cycle life of the battery at HRPSoC reaches 7025 cycles,which is two times for LCB with pure carbon materials.Additionally,the discharge capacity increased from 3.52 to 3.79 Ah.This study provides substantial insights into the construction of Pb-C composites for LCBs to inhibit negative sulphation and hydrogen evolution.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2078,22179042,and 12104170)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J06021 and 2020J01064)Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(23BS109)。
文摘Lead iodide(PbI2) is a vital raw material for preparing perovskite solar cells(PSCs),and it not only takes part in forming the light absorption layer but also remains in the grain boundary as a passivator.In other words,the PbI2 content in the precursor and as formed film will affect the efficiency and stability of the PSCs.With moderate residual PbI2,it passivates the bulk/surface defects of perovskite,reduces the interfacial recombination,promotes the perovskite stability,minimizes the device hysteresis,and so on.Deficient PbI2 residue will reduce the interfacial passivation effect and device performance.In addition to facilitating the non-radiative recombination,over PbI2 residue can also lead to electronic insulation in the grain boundary and deteriorate the device performance.However,the impact and regulation of PbI2 residue on the device performance and stability is still not fully understood.Herein,a comprehensive and detailed review is presented by discussing the PbI2 residue impact and its regulation strategies(i.e., elimination,facilitation and conversion of the residue PbI2) to manipulate the PbI2 content,distribution and forms.Finally,we also show future outlooks in this field,with an aim to help further the progression of high-efficiency and stable PSCs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 52004339)Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Project(Grant Number 2022SK2075).
文摘With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies,cost-effective and value-added treatment of massive lead-zinc waste rock(LZWR)generated from the preconcentration process has attracted substantial attention.A type of dolomitic LZWR with 18 wt.%MgO,27 wt.%CaO,0.29 wt.%Zn and 1.43 wt.%S was used as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering process.Traditional sinter pot tests were carried out based on an industrial ore blend.The results show that replacing 0%-60%of dolomite with LZWR does not adversely affect the sintering productivity,fuel consumption rate,and the quality of the sinter products,while the Zn and S elements contained in LZWR can be effectively removed with the residual Zn and S contents of the resultant sinter products being less than 0.02 and 0.055 wt.%,respectively.However,substituting LZWR for dolomite as a flux inevitably increases the SO_(2) concentration in the sintering flue gas due to its high sulfur content.Considering the processing capacity of the sintering flue gas desulfurization system,the replacement ratio of dolomite can reach 40%,equal to LZWR consumption of 24.3 kg per ton of sinter.The SO_(2) in sintering flue gas can be recovered to produce(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) or HSO_(4),while the volatilized Zn collected into the zinc-containing dust can be subsequently recycled by the rotary hearth furnace process.Therefore,it is technologically and economically feasible to use the LZWR as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering process,providing a new way for the safe,large-scale and low-cost treatment of LZWR.
文摘Numerous studies conducted on educational leadership have generally emphasized the role of principal,whereas,research on middle leadership remains limited[1].The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the development of middle leadership and seeks to fill in the gap by providing the analysis from a Chinese context.The author found that middle leaders are positioning at a challenging role,in which they are required to take charge of responsibilities of both a leader and a teacher,and in the meantime,they also need to negotiate between the senior leader,the colleagues.and subordinates.Furthermore,personal factors such as self-awareness and resilience are discovered to be pivotal for middle-leadership development.Apart from that,the principal plays a critical role in establishing collaborative school culture that facilitates the development of middle leaders based on the influences from the school’s history,culture,and policies.
