With the increasingly serious environmental problems,the use of sustainable materials is particularly important.This study focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions and economic costs of wood over its life cycle as a su...With the increasingly serious environmental problems,the use of sustainable materials is particularly important.This study focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions and economic costs of wood over its life cycle as a sustainable resource.We use a systematic life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess the entire process from raw material collection,processing,use to disposal.The study found that using wood can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional building materials such as steel and concrete.In addition,although the initial procurement costs of wood may be higher,its maintenance costs are lower in the long run,making the life cycle costs generally more economical.The results of this study highlight the environmental and economic advantages of wood in the selection of sustainable building materials,and provide a scientific basis for promoting the use of wood.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of the masonry of concrete blocks by evaluating their main emissions contributi...The purpose of this paper is to identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of the masonry of concrete blocks by evaluating their main emissions contributing to impact categories and identifying hotspots for environmental improvements.The research is based on the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)study of non-load-bearing masonry of concrete blocks performed by the authors.The processes those have demonstrated higher contribution to environmental impacts were identified in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA)phase and a detailed analysis was carried out on the main substances derived from these processes.The highest potential impacts in the life cycle of the concrete blocks masonry can be attributed mainly to emissions coming from the production of Portland cement,which explains the peak of impact potential on the blocks production stage,but also the significant impact potential in the use of the blocks for masonry construction,due to the use of cement mortar.The results of this LCA study are part of a major research on the comparative analysis of different typologies of non-load-bearing external walls,which aims to contribute to the creation of a life cycle database of major building systems,to be used by the environmental certification systems of buildings.展开更多
The NdFeB scrap,as a representative solid waste of rare earths,possesses significant recyclable value.This study focused on NdFeB waste and investigated the environmental impacts of pyro-and hydro-metallurgical proces...The NdFeB scrap,as a representative solid waste of rare earths,possesses significant recyclable value.This study focused on NdFeB waste and investigated the environmental impacts of pyro-and hydro-metallurgical process(PH-M process)and its improved version,the pyro-and hydro-metallurgical improvement process(PH-Mi process).The results demonstrate that,although the PH-Mi process consumes higher amounts of energy,electricity,and chemicals compared to the PH-M process,it is more environmentally friendly and economically efficient(i.e.,net profit increased by 34.12%).To quantify and compare the environmental performance of the two scenarios,life cycle assessment methodology was applied.It is concluded that the PH-Mi process is superior to the PH-M process for eutrophication potential(EP)and the total environmental impacts.In comparison with PH-Mi process,PH-M process exhibits a certain advantage in terms of carbon footprint due to increased consumption of electricity and chemicals after the technological upgrade.展开更多
Packaging materials are indispensable in modern industries but also significantly contribute to environmental degradation,resource consumption,and waste generation.This systematic review critically assesses the integr...Packaging materials are indispensable in modern industries but also significantly contribute to environmental degradation,resource consumption,and waste generation.This systematic review critically assesses the integration of artificial intelligence(AI),life cycle sustainability assessment(LCSA)following ISO 14040 standards,and circularity mapping to overcome sustainability barriers in packaging.The study identifies environmental,economic,and social hotspots across the life cycle stages of packaging materials by examining real-worldcase studies such as Coca-Cola’s adoption of recycled PET bottles andUnilever’s commitment to 100% recyclable plastic.AI technologies highlight transformative tools for optimising resource allocation,enhancing waste management,and supporting predictive maintenance in packaging systems.To maximise their impact,circular economy(CE)strategies,including material substitution,reusable packaging,and recycling,are discussed with AI-driven approaches.Policy frameworks like mandatory life cycle reporting and AI-focused capacity-building initiatives drive systemic change.The packaging industry achieves significant sustainability improvements by combining LCSA,CE principles,and AI while fostering economic benefits and social equity.This paper provides a comprehensive foundation for future research and practical applications to transform the packaging sector into a more sustainable and circular system.This review is the first to integrate LCSA,circular economy mapping,and AI applications in sustainable packaging.It highlights practical strategies and identifies research gaps to guide academia,industry,and policymakers toward scalable and intelligent sustainability solutions.Moreover,the review bridges methodological rigour with practical implementation by aligning digital intelligence with material sustainability frameworks,thus forming a multidisciplinary blueprint for a circular future in packaging.展开更多
Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by u...Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO_(2)mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO_(2)pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO_(2)uptake rate of CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO_(2)uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO_(2)pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO_(3)and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO_(3)content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.展开更多
The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)...The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.展开更多
Membrane gas absorption and solar-assisted absorbent regeneration offer a sustainable approach to reduce the energy penalty of post-combustion CO_(2) capture.This study introduces a novel system integrating solar ther...Membrane gas absorption and solar-assisted absorbent regeneration offer a sustainable approach to reduce the energy penalty of post-combustion CO_(2) capture.This study introduces a novel system integrating solar thermal energy with membrane gas absorption to capture CO_(2) from a 580 MWe pulverized coal power plant.The environmental impacts across six scenarios at varying solar fractions are evaluated via life cycle assessment.Results show a 7.61%–13.04%reduction in global warming potential compared to a steam-driven CO_(2) capture system.Electricity and steam consumption dominate the operational phase,contributing 15%–64%and 18%–61%to environmental impacts in non-TES scenarios,respectively.While TES reduces most impacts,it increases stratospheric ozone depletion and marine eutrophication due to nitrate-based phase change materials and monoethanolamine.Higher solar fractions lower impacts in non-TES scenarios but elevate specific impacts in TES scenarios,highlighting trade-offs for sustainable CO_(2) capture deployment.展开更多
With increasing demand to reduce the carbon emission of buildings,it is crucial to quantify the life cycle envi-ronmental impact of new buildings,including the environmental impact due to natural hazards,such as earth...With increasing demand to reduce the carbon emission of buildings,it is crucial to quantify the life cycle envi-ronmental impact of new buildings,including the environmental impact due to natural hazards,such as earth-quakes.This study presents a novel comprehensive probabilistic framework to quantify the environmental impact of buildings,including uncertainties in the material extraction and production,transportation,construction,seis-mic exposure and aging(including deterioration),and end-of-life stages.The developed framework is used to quantify the environmental impact of a 3-story residential building located in Vancouver,Canada.The results show that there is a significant variation in the environmental impact of the prototype building in each stage of the life cycle assessment.If the prototype building is hit by the design level earthquake,it is expected that the median environmental impact of the prototype will be further increased by 42%.In addition,by accounting for the probability of occurrence of different earthquakes within a 50-year design life of the prototype building,the earthquake related damage will result in an additional 5%of the initial carbon emission of the building.This shows the importance of including earthquake hazard and deterioration in whole building life cycle assessments.展开更多
To promote and develop green buildings,a standardized,applicable and easily operable index system for the assessment of such buildings was established on the basis of life cycle cost effectiveness.From the perspective...To promote and develop green buildings,a standardized,applicable and easily operable index system for the assessment of such buildings was established on the basis of life cycle cost effectiveness.From the perspectives of environment-friendly materials,water resource environment,energy and environment,quality of indoor and outdoor environment,operation and management,and economical efficiency of life cycle,a modified index system was built,AHP was applied to obtain weights of indexes,evaluation methods of the grey system were used to evaluate green buildings,case study was adopted to verify the practicability and scientificity of the method.The results showed that Grey Clustering Method was an objective and reliable tool to evaluate green buildings,the calculation was simple,practical and easily operable,and moreover,the assessment process could be optimized by computer programming to improve its efficiency and precision.展开更多
Pneumatic actuators and electric actuators have almost been applied to all manufacturing industries. The two kinds of actuators can replace each other in most fields, such as the point to point transmission occasion a...Pneumatic actuators and electric actuators have almost been applied to all manufacturing industries. The two kinds of actuators can replace each other in most fields, such as the point to point transmission occasion and some rotating occasions. However, there are very few research results about the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of actuators under the same working conditions so far. In this paper, a novel comprehensive assessment method, named as overall life cycle comprehensive assessment （OLCCA）, is proposed for comparison and assessment of pneumatic and electric actuators. OLCCA contains mechanical properties evaluation （MPE）, life cycle cost analysis based on users （LCCABOU） and life cycle environmental impact analysis （LCEIA） algorithm in order to solve three difficult problems： mechanical properties assessment, cost analysis and environmental impact assessment about actuators. The mechanical properties evaluation of actuators is a multi-objective optimization problem. The fuzzy data quantification and information entropy methods are combined to establish MPE algorithm of actuators. Two kinds of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators with similar bearing capacity and similar work stroke were taken for example to verify the correctness of MPE algorithm. The case study of MPE algorithm for actuators verified its correctness. LCCABOU for actuators is also set up. Considering cost complex structure of pneumatic actuators, public device cost even method （PDCEM） is firstly presented to solve cost division of public devices such as compressors, aftercooler, receivers, etc. LCCABOU method is also effective and verified by the three groups of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators. Finally, LCEIA model of actuators is established for the environmental impact assessment of actuators. LCEIA data collection method and model establishment procedure for actuators are also put forward. With Simapro 7, LCEIA comparison results of six actuators can be obtained： Fossil fuels are the major environmental factor of pneumatic and electric actuators; Environmental impact of electric actuator is large than one of pneumatic actuator under the similar mechanical properties and working conditions of pneumatic and electric actuators. The results are correct and correspond with the actual mechanical properties of actuators. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of the actuators, which can solve the critical problem that similar electromechanical products are very difficult to be compared with each other from the angle of performance, cost and environment impact.展开更多
The internal recycling process of BOF slag which is one of the huge solid wastes from iron and steel indus try was emphasized. Based on the four scenarios of different internal recycling strategies for BOF slag, life ...The internal recycling process of BOF slag which is one of the huge solid wastes from iron and steel indus try was emphasized. Based on the four scenarios of different internal recycling strategies for BOF slag, life cycle assessment （LCA） as a valuable tool for industrial solid waste management was applied to analyze the contribution to reducing environmental impacts and resources burdens for each scenario. The global warming potential （GWP） re- sults of the four scenarios show that the scenario which performs best in carbon reduction cuts off 14.2G of GWP impacts of the worst scenario. The results of this study show that the optimized internal recycling process of BOF slag can improve the environmental performance of crude steel. It is important to assess and choose an appropriate strategy to recycle BOF slag from LCA perspective to reduce the environmental impacts and resource burdens as much as possible.展开更多
Assessing and accounting for material consumption and environmental impact are necessary to measure environmental externalities of the aluminum industry and to construct an ecological civilization.In this research,lif...Assessing and accounting for material consumption and environmental impact are necessary to measure environmental externalities of the aluminum industry and to construct an ecological civilization.In this research,life cycle assessment(LCA)theory was used to assess the environmental impact of primary aluminum based on the lime soda Bayer process and different power generation modes,and the sources and distributions of the four selected impact categories were analyzed.The results show that,(1)Negative environmental impact of aluminum industry generally occurs from alumina extraction,carbon anode fabrication and electrolysis,particularly electrolysis and alumina extraction.Primary energy demand(PED),water use(WU),global warming potential(GWP)and freshwater eutrophication potential(FEP)are main environmental impact categories.(2)The environmental load with thermal power is higher than that with hydropower,e.g.,for the former,the greenhouse gas emission coefficient of 21800 kg CO2 eq/t(Al)will be generated,while for the latter,4910 kg CO2 eq/t(Al)will be generated.(3)Both power mode methods reflect the energy structure,whereas direct emissions reflect the technical level,indicating the potential for large energy savings and emission reductions,and some policies,related to clean power,energy efficiency and technological progress,should be made for emission reduction.展开更多
In 2008,around 596 000 t of aluminum dross was generated from secondary aluminum industry in China;however,it was not sufficiently recycled yet.Approximately 95% of the Al dross was land filled without innocent treatm...In 2008,around 596 000 t of aluminum dross was generated from secondary aluminum industry in China;however,it was not sufficiently recycled yet.Approximately 95% of the Al dross was land filled without innocent treatment.The purpose of this work is to investigate Al dross recycling by environmentally efficient and friendly methods.Two methods of Al dross recycling which could utilize Al dross efficiently were presented.High-quality aluminum-silicon alloys and brown fused alumina(BFA) were produced successfully by recycling Al dross.Then,life cycle assessment(LCA) was performed to evaluate environmental impact of two methods of Al dross recycling process.The results show that the two methods are reasonable and the average recovery rate of Al dross is up to 98%.As the LCA results indicate,they have some advantages such as less natural resource consumption and pollutant emissions,which efficiently relieves the burden on the environment in electrolytic aluminum and secondary aluminum industry.展开更多
Lift cycle assessment(LCA)methodology was applied to evaluating and comparing two waste acid disposal processes in zinc smelting.The results indicate that environmental impacts of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies...Lift cycle assessment(LCA)methodology was applied to evaluating and comparing two waste acid disposal processes in zinc smelting.The results indicate that environmental impacts of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies are human toxicity,abiotic depletion potential,and global warming risk,which are mainly caused in neutralizing−evaporating−crystallization unit and electrodialysis unit.As for traditional lime neutralization method,vulcanization unit is the main factor.In this regard,the total environmental impact of traditional lime neutralization method is much higher than that of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies.Furthermore,the sensitive analysis shows that electricity and sodium sulfide(60%)are sensitive factors in two waste acid disposal technologies.In addition,the total cost of disposing a functional unit waste acid in traditional lime neutralization process is nearly 27 times that of the gas−liquid vulcanization waste acid disposal technologies.展开更多
A greenness evaluation index and system of microwave-assisted leaching method were established.The effects of the life cycle assessment variables,such as the resource consumption,environment impact,cost,time and quali...A greenness evaluation index and system of microwave-assisted leaching method were established.The effects of the life cycle assessment variables,such as the resource consumption,environment impact,cost,time and quality,were investigated,and the concept of green degree was applied in the production of synthetic rutile.An analytic hierarchy process was utilized to assess matrix of greenness evaluation.The Gauss-Seidel iterative matrix method was employed to solve the assessment matrix and obtain the weights and membership functions of all evaluation indexes.A fuzzy decision-making method was applied to build the greenness evaluation model,and then the scores of green degree in microwave-assisted leaching process was obtained.The greenness evaluation model was applied to the life cycle assessment of the microwave-assisted leaching process.The results show that the microwave-assisted leaching process has advantages over the conventional ones,with respect to energy-consumption,processing time and environmental protection.展开更多
In this paper, the Life Cycle of Urban Development was firstly analyzed, and the phases of Life Cycle Assessment applied to Urban Development (ULCA) were described. As a case study, ULCA was applied in the environment...In this paper, the Life Cycle of Urban Development was firstly analyzed, and the phases of Life Cycle Assessment applied to Urban Development (ULCA) were described. As a case study, ULCA was applied in the environmental impact assessment of the land readjustment project of Hyogo District of Saga, Japan. In addition, mitigation proposals for reducing CO2 were also presented and the relevant environmental ef-fects were simulated.展开更多
The success of catalytic schemes for the large-scale valorization of CO_(2) does not only depend on the development of active,selective and stable catalytic materials but also on the overall process design.Here we pre...The success of catalytic schemes for the large-scale valorization of CO_(2) does not only depend on the development of active,selective and stable catalytic materials but also on the overall process design.Here we present a multidisciplinary study(from catalyst to plant and techno-economic/lifecycle analysis)for the production of green methanol from renewable H2 and CO_(2).We combine an in-depth kinetic analysis of one of the most promising recently reported methanol-synthesis catalysts(InCo)with a thorough process simulation and techno-economic assessment.We then perform a life cycle assessment of the simulated process to gauge the real environmental impact of green methanol production from CO_(2).Our results indicate that up to 1.75 ton of CO_(2) can be abated per ton of produced methanol only if renewable energy is used to run the process,while the sensitivity analysis suggest that either rock-bottom H2 prices(1.5$kg1)or severe CO_(2) taxation(300$per ton)are needed for a profitable methanol plant.Besides,we herein highlight and analyze some critical bottlenecks of the process.Especial attention has been paid to the contribution of H2 to the overall plant costs,CH4 trace formation,and purity and costs of raw gases.In addition to providing important information for policy makers and industrialists,directions for catalyst(and therefore process)improvements are outlined.展开更多
High functionality given to steel products results in incremental environment loads at the steelmaking stage.However,at the stage of utilization,high-functional steel products prove more environment friendly than thei...High functionality given to steel products results in incremental environment loads at the steelmaking stage.However,at the stage of utilization,high-functional steel products prove more environment friendly than their conventional counterparts in many cases.Therefore,evaluation on contribution of steel products to environmental improvement requires an integrated approach that considers the product over its entire life cycle - life cycle assessment(LCA).This paper discusses the relationship between the improvement of steel products performance and environmental impact from the entire life cycle perspectives.The LCA method to calculate and assess contribution of high-functional steel products during the life cycle to environmental improvement is explained.Two case studies of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.(Baosteel for short) are given to show that LCA is a scientific and systematic method for eco-materials evaluation or eco-design:in a power transformer,using silicon steel B30P110 to replace B30G130 can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the region of 15.1% over the life cycle of the power transformer;tinplate steel of Baosteel for two-piece steel cans experienced six times thickness reduction from 0.280 to 0.225 mm,which results in 14.5% emission reduction over the life cycle of two-piece steel cans.It is a systematic and scientific method for evaluating on products environmental performance from life cycle perspective.展开更多
The life cycle phase of fossil fuel extraction is mainly considered in the life cycle assessment(LCA)when evaluating the energy production processes.It is then only one of many unit processes,which contribute to the b...The life cycle phase of fossil fuel extraction is mainly considered in the life cycle assessment(LCA)when evaluating the energy production processes.It is then only one of many unit processes,which contribute to the blurring of mining-relevant results.There are few items in the literature focusing exclusively on the lignite mining phase and analysing the specific mining conditions and associated environmental impacts.The article focuses on the LCA of lignite mining processes on the basis of data coming from a Polish mine.The technology for opencast lignite mining is noted for its high production efficiency,high level of recovery and lower risk as regards the safety of workers when compared with underground mining systems.However,the need to remove large amounts of overburden to uncover the deposit contributes to a much greater degradation of the landscape.Analysing the results obtained,several key(hot spot)elements of the lignite mining operations were distinguished for modelling the environmental impact,i.e.:calorific value,the amount of electricity consumption,the manner in which waste and overburden are managed.As a result there is a high sensitivity of the final indicator to changes in these impacts.展开更多
Life cycle assessment （LCA） is based on the basic principles of sustainable development. LCA method demonstrated its efficiency in providing a systematic environmental assessment approach of a product or a process. ...Life cycle assessment （LCA） is based on the basic principles of sustainable development. LCA method demonstrated its efficiency in providing a systematic environmental assessment approach of a product or a process. The effectiveness and efficiency of these methods lies in the fact that they take into account all life cycle stages of a product, from the extraction of raw materials to end of life treatment （recycling, ...） through an assessment covering different impact categories such as climate change, human health, ecosystems and resources. Existing LCA indicators reflect different issues surrounding resource depletion, creating inconsistency and moreover confusion among LCA practitioners. The evaluation of different life cycle impacts assessment （LCIA） methods done by EC JRC showed that available models did not address the same parameters： short- vs long-term, stock vs backup technology, etc. It also showed that if the correlation between the methods was sufficient for some resources, others such as rare earth elements showed a high level of inconsistency between methods. It was therefore necessary to develop a relevant indicator and harmonized assessment of impacts on resources in LCA. Furthermore, a resource strategy indicator based on the three pillars of sustainable development （eco- nomic, environmental and social） would better address wider challenges and making it a more powerful decision making tool. This study aimed to introduce an indicator for evaluating the strategy implications of metal resources for products and to compare different ways of production resulting from extraction of raw materials or recycling, with a special focus on rare earth materials. The indicator would assess the impacts based on a reserve-resource vision [BGS NERC] and the evolution over time and founded over three pa- rameters： technical feasibility, economic viability and political stability （including social and environmental aspects） in representing countries.展开更多
文摘With the increasingly serious environmental problems,the use of sustainable materials is particularly important.This study focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions and economic costs of wood over its life cycle as a sustainable resource.We use a systematic life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess the entire process from raw material collection,processing,use to disposal.The study found that using wood can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional building materials such as steel and concrete.In addition,although the initial procurement costs of wood may be higher,its maintenance costs are lower in the long run,making the life cycle costs generally more economical.The results of this study highlight the environmental and economic advantages of wood in the selection of sustainable building materials,and provide a scientific basis for promoting the use of wood.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge CAPES (Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination) for the financial support given to this research.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to identify the processes with the highest contribution to potential environmental impacts in the life cycle of the masonry of concrete blocks by evaluating their main emissions contributing to impact categories and identifying hotspots for environmental improvements.The research is based on the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)study of non-load-bearing masonry of concrete blocks performed by the authors.The processes those have demonstrated higher contribution to environmental impacts were identified in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA)phase and a detailed analysis was carried out on the main substances derived from these processes.The highest potential impacts in the life cycle of the concrete blocks masonry can be attributed mainly to emissions coming from the production of Portland cement,which explains the peak of impact potential on the blocks production stage,but also the significant impact potential in the use of the blocks for masonry construction,due to the use of cement mortar.The results of this LCA study are part of a major research on the comparative analysis of different typologies of non-load-bearing external walls,which aims to contribute to the creation of a life cycle database of major building systems,to be used by the environmental certification systems of buildings.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1909005).
文摘The NdFeB scrap,as a representative solid waste of rare earths,possesses significant recyclable value.This study focused on NdFeB waste and investigated the environmental impacts of pyro-and hydro-metallurgical process(PH-M process)and its improved version,the pyro-and hydro-metallurgical improvement process(PH-Mi process).The results demonstrate that,although the PH-Mi process consumes higher amounts of energy,electricity,and chemicals compared to the PH-M process,it is more environmentally friendly and economically efficient(i.e.,net profit increased by 34.12%).To quantify and compare the environmental performance of the two scenarios,life cycle assessment methodology was applied.It is concluded that the PH-Mi process is superior to the PH-M process for eutrophication potential(EP)and the total environmental impacts.In comparison with PH-Mi process,PH-M process exhibits a certain advantage in terms of carbon footprint due to increased consumption of electricity and chemicals after the technological upgrade.
文摘Packaging materials are indispensable in modern industries but also significantly contribute to environmental degradation,resource consumption,and waste generation.This systematic review critically assesses the integration of artificial intelligence(AI),life cycle sustainability assessment(LCSA)following ISO 14040 standards,and circularity mapping to overcome sustainability barriers in packaging.The study identifies environmental,economic,and social hotspots across the life cycle stages of packaging materials by examining real-worldcase studies such as Coca-Cola’s adoption of recycled PET bottles andUnilever’s commitment to 100% recyclable plastic.AI technologies highlight transformative tools for optimising resource allocation,enhancing waste management,and supporting predictive maintenance in packaging systems.To maximise their impact,circular economy(CE)strategies,including material substitution,reusable packaging,and recycling,are discussed with AI-driven approaches.Policy frameworks like mandatory life cycle reporting and AI-focused capacity-building initiatives drive systemic change.The packaging industry achieves significant sustainability improvements by combining LCSA,CE principles,and AI while fostering economic benefits and social equity.This paper provides a comprehensive foundation for future research and practical applications to transform the packaging sector into a more sustainable and circular system.This review is the first to integrate LCSA,circular economy mapping,and AI applications in sustainable packaging.It highlights practical strategies and identifies research gaps to guide academia,industry,and policymakers toward scalable and intelligent sustainability solutions.Moreover,the review bridges methodological rigour with practical implementation by aligning digital intelligence with material sustainability frameworks,thus forming a multidisciplinary blueprint for a circular future in packaging.
基金Project(52479115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024SF-YBXM-615)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China+1 种基金Project(2022943)supported by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,ChinaProject(300102283721)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO_(2)mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO_(2)pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO_(2)uptake rate of CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO_(2)uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO_(2)pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO_(3)and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO_(3)content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.
基金The contract No.PRJ-395/DPKS/2022 or 2383/PKS/ITS/2022 on 14 November 2022.
文摘The total replacement of old fossil fuels poses obstacles,making the production of efficient biogasoline vital.Despite its potential as an environmentally friendly fossil fuel substitute,the life cycle assessment(LCA)of palm oil-derived biogasoline remains underexplored.This study investigated the production of biogasoline fromcrude palm oil(CPO)based biorefinery using catalytic cracking over mesoporousγ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst and LCA analysis.High selectivity of converting CPO into biogasoline was achieved by optimizing catalytic cracking parameters,including catalyst dose,temperature,and contact time.γ-Al_(2)O_(3) and CPO were characterized by several methods to study the physical and chemical properties.The physical properties of biogasoline,such as density,calorific value,viscosity,and flash point,were investigated.An overall yield of 60.11%was achieved after catalytic cracking produced several C5-C11 short-chain hydrocarbons.Additionally,this research proposes innovative emission reduction strategies,including waste-to-biogasoline conversion and the use of biodegradable feedstocks that enhance the sustainability of biogasoline production.LCA ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)’s energy and environmental implications reveals minor effects on global warming(0.0068%)and freshwater ecotoxicity(0.187%).LCAs show a 0.085%impact in the energy sector.This focus on both ecological impacts and practical mitigation strategies deepens the understanding of biogasoline production.
基金funded by State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation andMaintenance ofDeepUnderground Engineering,grant number SDGZ2524Shandong Province Science and Technology Smes Ability Improvement Project,grant number 2025TSGCCZZB0258Major Innovation Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),grant number 2025ZDZX03.
文摘Membrane gas absorption and solar-assisted absorbent regeneration offer a sustainable approach to reduce the energy penalty of post-combustion CO_(2) capture.This study introduces a novel system integrating solar thermal energy with membrane gas absorption to capture CO_(2) from a 580 MWe pulverized coal power plant.The environmental impacts across six scenarios at varying solar fractions are evaluated via life cycle assessment.Results show a 7.61%–13.04%reduction in global warming potential compared to a steam-driven CO_(2) capture system.Electricity and steam consumption dominate the operational phase,contributing 15%–64%and 18%–61%to environmental impacts in non-TES scenarios,respectively.While TES reduces most impacts,it increases stratospheric ozone depletion and marine eutrophication due to nitrate-based phase change materials and monoethanolamine.Higher solar fractions lower impacts in non-TES scenarios but elevate specific impacts in TES scenarios,highlighting trade-offs for sustainable CO_(2) capture deployment.
文摘With increasing demand to reduce the carbon emission of buildings,it is crucial to quantify the life cycle envi-ronmental impact of new buildings,including the environmental impact due to natural hazards,such as earth-quakes.This study presents a novel comprehensive probabilistic framework to quantify the environmental impact of buildings,including uncertainties in the material extraction and production,transportation,construction,seis-mic exposure and aging(including deterioration),and end-of-life stages.The developed framework is used to quantify the environmental impact of a 3-story residential building located in Vancouver,Canada.The results show that there is a significant variation in the environmental impact of the prototype building in each stage of the life cycle assessment.If the prototype building is hit by the design level earthquake,it is expected that the median environmental impact of the prototype will be further increased by 42%.In addition,by accounting for the probability of occurrence of different earthquakes within a 50-year design life of the prototype building,the earthquake related damage will result in an additional 5%of the initial carbon emission of the building.This shows the importance of including earthquake hazard and deterioration in whole building life cycle assessments.
基金Supported by Foundation of the Construction Department of Zhejiang Province:Study on Economic Efficiency of Water-Saving and Reclaimed Water Reuse of Green Buildings(2008009)~~
文摘To promote and develop green buildings,a standardized,applicable and easily operable index system for the assessment of such buildings was established on the basis of life cycle cost effectiveness.From the perspectives of environment-friendly materials,water resource environment,energy and environment,quality of indoor and outdoor environment,operation and management,and economical efficiency of life cycle,a modified index system was built,AHP was applied to obtain weights of indexes,evaluation methods of the grey system were used to evaluate green buildings,case study was adopted to verify the practicability and scientificity of the method.The results showed that Grey Clustering Method was an objective and reliable tool to evaluate green buildings,the calculation was simple,practical and easily operable,and moreover,the assessment process could be optimized by computer programming to improve its efficiency and precision.
基金Supported by Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University(Grant No.B2012-101)Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing Technology and Engineering of Henan Polytechnic University,China(Grant No.PMTE201318A)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Projects of Education Department of China(Grant No.14B460033)
文摘Pneumatic actuators and electric actuators have almost been applied to all manufacturing industries. The two kinds of actuators can replace each other in most fields, such as the point to point transmission occasion and some rotating occasions. However, there are very few research results about the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of actuators under the same working conditions so far. In this paper, a novel comprehensive assessment method, named as overall life cycle comprehensive assessment （OLCCA）, is proposed for comparison and assessment of pneumatic and electric actuators. OLCCA contains mechanical properties evaluation （MPE）, life cycle cost analysis based on users （LCCABOU） and life cycle environmental impact analysis （LCEIA） algorithm in order to solve three difficult problems： mechanical properties assessment, cost analysis and environmental impact assessment about actuators. The mechanical properties evaluation of actuators is a multi-objective optimization problem. The fuzzy data quantification and information entropy methods are combined to establish MPE algorithm of actuators. Two kinds of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators with similar bearing capacity and similar work stroke were taken for example to verify the correctness of MPE algorithm. The case study of MPE algorithm for actuators verified its correctness. LCCABOU for actuators is also set up. Considering cost complex structure of pneumatic actuators, public device cost even method （PDCEM） is firstly presented to solve cost division of public devices such as compressors, aftercooler, receivers, etc. LCCABOU method is also effective and verified by the three groups of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators. Finally, LCEIA model of actuators is established for the environmental impact assessment of actuators. LCEIA data collection method and model establishment procedure for actuators are also put forward. With Simapro 7, LCEIA comparison results of six actuators can be obtained： Fossil fuels are the major environmental factor of pneumatic and electric actuators; Environmental impact of electric actuator is large than one of pneumatic actuator under the similar mechanical properties and working conditions of pneumatic and electric actuators. The results are correct and correspond with the actual mechanical properties of actuators. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of the actuators, which can solve the critical problem that similar electromechanical products are very difficult to be compared with each other from the angle of performance, cost and environment impact.
基金Item Sponsored by Environmental Protection Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of China(200809025)National Basic Research Program of China(2005CB724206)
文摘The internal recycling process of BOF slag which is one of the huge solid wastes from iron and steel indus try was emphasized. Based on the four scenarios of different internal recycling strategies for BOF slag, life cycle assessment （LCA） as a valuable tool for industrial solid waste management was applied to analyze the contribution to reducing environmental impacts and resources burdens for each scenario. The global warming potential （GWP） re- sults of the four scenarios show that the scenario which performs best in carbon reduction cuts off 14.2G of GWP impacts of the worst scenario. The results of this study show that the optimized internal recycling process of BOF slag can improve the environmental performance of crude steel. It is important to assess and choose an appropriate strategy to recycle BOF slag from LCA perspective to reduce the environmental impacts and resource burdens as much as possible.
基金Projects(71633006,71403298) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(14YJCZH045,15YJCZH019) supported by the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science,China
文摘Assessing and accounting for material consumption and environmental impact are necessary to measure environmental externalities of the aluminum industry and to construct an ecological civilization.In this research,life cycle assessment(LCA)theory was used to assess the environmental impact of primary aluminum based on the lime soda Bayer process and different power generation modes,and the sources and distributions of the four selected impact categories were analyzed.The results show that,(1)Negative environmental impact of aluminum industry generally occurs from alumina extraction,carbon anode fabrication and electrolysis,particularly electrolysis and alumina extraction.Primary energy demand(PED),water use(WU),global warming potential(GWP)and freshwater eutrophication potential(FEP)are main environmental impact categories.(2)The environmental load with thermal power is higher than that with hydropower,e.g.,for the former,the greenhouse gas emission coefficient of 21800 kg CO2 eq/t(Al)will be generated,while for the latter,4910 kg CO2 eq/t(Al)will be generated.(3)Both power mode methods reflect the energy structure,whereas direct emissions reflect the technical level,indicating the potential for large energy savings and emission reductions,and some policies,related to clean power,energy efficiency and technological progress,should be made for emission reduction.
基金Project(07dz12028) supported by the Science Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China
文摘In 2008,around 596 000 t of aluminum dross was generated from secondary aluminum industry in China;however,it was not sufficiently recycled yet.Approximately 95% of the Al dross was land filled without innocent treatment.The purpose of this work is to investigate Al dross recycling by environmentally efficient and friendly methods.Two methods of Al dross recycling which could utilize Al dross efficiently were presented.High-quality aluminum-silicon alloys and brown fused alumina(BFA) were produced successfully by recycling Al dross.Then,life cycle assessment(LCA) was performed to evaluate environmental impact of two methods of Al dross recycling process.The results show that the two methods are reasonable and the average recovery rate of Al dross is up to 98%.As the LCA results indicate,they have some advantages such as less natural resource consumption and pollutant emissions,which efficiently relieves the burden on the environment in electrolytic aluminum and secondary aluminum industry.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFC1903304,2019YFC1907405)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904354).
文摘Lift cycle assessment(LCA)methodology was applied to evaluating and comparing two waste acid disposal processes in zinc smelting.The results indicate that environmental impacts of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies are human toxicity,abiotic depletion potential,and global warming risk,which are mainly caused in neutralizing−evaporating−crystallization unit and electrodialysis unit.As for traditional lime neutralization method,vulcanization unit is the main factor.In this regard,the total environmental impact of traditional lime neutralization method is much higher than that of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies.Furthermore,the sensitive analysis shows that electricity and sodium sulfide(60%)are sensitive factors in two waste acid disposal technologies.In addition,the total cost of disposing a functional unit waste acid in traditional lime neutralization process is nearly 27 times that of the gas−liquid vulcanization waste acid disposal technologies.
基金Project(2007CB613606)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(50734007,50974067)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A greenness evaluation index and system of microwave-assisted leaching method were established.The effects of the life cycle assessment variables,such as the resource consumption,environment impact,cost,time and quality,were investigated,and the concept of green degree was applied in the production of synthetic rutile.An analytic hierarchy process was utilized to assess matrix of greenness evaluation.The Gauss-Seidel iterative matrix method was employed to solve the assessment matrix and obtain the weights and membership functions of all evaluation indexes.A fuzzy decision-making method was applied to build the greenness evaluation model,and then the scores of green degree in microwave-assisted leaching process was obtained.The greenness evaluation model was applied to the life cycle assessment of the microwave-assisted leaching process.The results show that the microwave-assisted leaching process has advantages over the conventional ones,with respect to energy-consumption,processing time and environmental protection.
文摘In this paper, the Life Cycle of Urban Development was firstly analyzed, and the phases of Life Cycle Assessment applied to Urban Development (ULCA) were described. As a case study, ULCA was applied in the environmental impact assessment of the land readjustment project of Hyogo District of Saga, Japan. In addition, mitigation proposals for reducing CO2 were also presented and the relevant environmental ef-fects were simulated.
基金support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST).T.Cordero-Lanzac and A.T.Aguayo acknowledge the financial support received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with some ERDF funds(CTQ2016-77812-R)the Basque Government(IT1218-19)+2 种基金T.Cordero-Lanzac also acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport for the award of his FPU grant(FPU15-01666)A.Navajas and L.M.Gandía gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades,and the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF/FEDER)(grant RTI2018-096294-B-C31)L.M.Gandía also thanks Banco de Santander and Universidad Pública de Navarra for their financial support under“Programa de Intensificación de la Investigación 2018”initiative.
文摘The success of catalytic schemes for the large-scale valorization of CO_(2) does not only depend on the development of active,selective and stable catalytic materials but also on the overall process design.Here we present a multidisciplinary study(from catalyst to plant and techno-economic/lifecycle analysis)for the production of green methanol from renewable H2 and CO_(2).We combine an in-depth kinetic analysis of one of the most promising recently reported methanol-synthesis catalysts(InCo)with a thorough process simulation and techno-economic assessment.We then perform a life cycle assessment of the simulated process to gauge the real environmental impact of green methanol production from CO_(2).Our results indicate that up to 1.75 ton of CO_(2) can be abated per ton of produced methanol only if renewable energy is used to run the process,while the sensitivity analysis suggest that either rock-bottom H2 prices(1.5$kg1)or severe CO_(2) taxation(300$per ton)are needed for a profitable methanol plant.Besides,we herein highlight and analyze some critical bottlenecks of the process.Especial attention has been paid to the contribution of H2 to the overall plant costs,CH4 trace formation,and purity and costs of raw gases.In addition to providing important information for policy makers and industrialists,directions for catalyst(and therefore process)improvements are outlined.
基金the Training Program Fund for Young Teachers in Shanghai Higher Education Institutions (No.405ZK11YQ15)the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Recruiting Talents of Shanghai Institute of Technology(No.1020K116079)
文摘High functionality given to steel products results in incremental environment loads at the steelmaking stage.However,at the stage of utilization,high-functional steel products prove more environment friendly than their conventional counterparts in many cases.Therefore,evaluation on contribution of steel products to environmental improvement requires an integrated approach that considers the product over its entire life cycle - life cycle assessment(LCA).This paper discusses the relationship between the improvement of steel products performance and environmental impact from the entire life cycle perspectives.The LCA method to calculate and assess contribution of high-functional steel products during the life cycle to environmental improvement is explained.Two case studies of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.(Baosteel for short) are given to show that LCA is a scientific and systematic method for eco-materials evaluation or eco-design:in a power transformer,using silicon steel B30P110 to replace B30G130 can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the region of 15.1% over the life cycle of the power transformer;tinplate steel of Baosteel for two-piece steel cans experienced six times thickness reduction from 0.280 to 0.225 mm,which results in 14.5% emission reduction over the life cycle of two-piece steel cans.It is a systematic and scientific method for evaluating on products environmental performance from life cycle perspective.
文摘The life cycle phase of fossil fuel extraction is mainly considered in the life cycle assessment(LCA)when evaluating the energy production processes.It is then only one of many unit processes,which contribute to the blurring of mining-relevant results.There are few items in the literature focusing exclusively on the lignite mining phase and analysing the specific mining conditions and associated environmental impacts.The article focuses on the LCA of lignite mining processes on the basis of data coming from a Polish mine.The technology for opencast lignite mining is noted for its high production efficiency,high level of recovery and lower risk as regards the safety of workers when compared with underground mining systems.However,the need to remove large amounts of overburden to uncover the deposit contributes to a much greater degradation of the landscape.Analysing the results obtained,several key(hot spot)elements of the lignite mining operations were distinguished for modelling the environmental impact,i.e.:calorific value,the amount of electricity consumption,the manner in which waste and overburden are managed.As a result there is a high sensitivity of the final indicator to changes in these impacts.
基金platfom[avniR]–cd2e particularly Christian TRAISNEL for funding this research project
文摘Life cycle assessment （LCA） is based on the basic principles of sustainable development. LCA method demonstrated its efficiency in providing a systematic environmental assessment approach of a product or a process. The effectiveness and efficiency of these methods lies in the fact that they take into account all life cycle stages of a product, from the extraction of raw materials to end of life treatment （recycling, ...） through an assessment covering different impact categories such as climate change, human health, ecosystems and resources. Existing LCA indicators reflect different issues surrounding resource depletion, creating inconsistency and moreover confusion among LCA practitioners. The evaluation of different life cycle impacts assessment （LCIA） methods done by EC JRC showed that available models did not address the same parameters： short- vs long-term, stock vs backup technology, etc. It also showed that if the correlation between the methods was sufficient for some resources, others such as rare earth elements showed a high level of inconsistency between methods. It was therefore necessary to develop a relevant indicator and harmonized assessment of impacts on resources in LCA. Furthermore, a resource strategy indicator based on the three pillars of sustainable development （eco- nomic, environmental and social） would better address wider challenges and making it a more powerful decision making tool. This study aimed to introduce an indicator for evaluating the strategy implications of metal resources for products and to compare different ways of production resulting from extraction of raw materials or recycling, with a special focus on rare earth materials. The indicator would assess the impacts based on a reserve-resource vision [BGS NERC] and the evolution over time and founded over three pa- rameters： technical feasibility, economic viability and political stability （including social and environmental aspects） in representing countries.
