Sun Guoxiang, Ding Nan, Song Yuqing, Wang Zhen, Song Liangwei. Determination of Guaiacol salicylate in Guacetisal by HPLCmethod and qualitative identification of relevant substances by HPLC-MS
Medicinal materials Ma Chenchen, Li Bailin, Ou Jie, Wang Jing, Zhao Junhong. Detection of N-acyl-homoserine lactones class signal molecules of quorum sensing secreted by bacteria using high performance liquid chromato...Medicinal materials Ma Chenchen, Li Bailin, Ou Jie, Wang Jing, Zhao Junhong. Detection of N-acyl-homoserine lactones class signal molecules of quorum sensing secreted by bacteria using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry展开更多
Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are formidable threats to aquatic ecosystems and public health worldwide. The potential health risks associated with cyanotoxins from contaminated fishponds are becoming a growing...Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are formidable threats to aquatic ecosystems and public health worldwide. The potential health risks associated with cyanotoxins from contaminated fishponds are becoming a growing concern, as cyanotoxin production has steadily increased over time in these aquatic environments. Therefore, this study aims to utilize targeted and non-targeted Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) analytical methods to detect cyanotoxins in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) tissue harvested from fishponds. For detecting cyanotoxins in fish tissue utilizing the non-targeted approach, high-resolution MS/MS spectra data obtained from the analysis were converted to mzML format, analyzed with the Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) Library and CANOPUS annotations for LEVEL 3 metabolite identification, and visualized as a molecular network in Cytoscape. Regarding the targeted method, the toxin identification and quantification were achieved by comparing samples spiked with known concentrations of MC-RR and YR to an authentic toxin standard. The results of the target analysis showed that microcystin variant MC-RR was not detected in the fish tissue. The MC-YR variant was detected in the intestines and gills of Clarias gariepinus at concentrations of 13.2–10.6 μg/g and 1.5–13.9 μg/g, respectively. The muscle tissues across all fish ponds showed MC-YR concentrations between 10.5 and 16.06 μg/g. The highest concentration of MC-YR was found in the liver tissue in pond 6 (20.9 μg/g). The untargeted LC-MS method led to the identification of a larger number of cyanometabolites in the fish tissue, such as aeruginosins, anabaenopeptins, microginins. Non-toxic secondary metabolites like octadecadienoic acid, while phosphocholine (PC), ethanesulfonic acid, pheophorbide A, microcolins, cholic acid, phenylalanine, amyl amine and phosphocholine (PC), triglyceride (TG), phosphocholine (PC) and sulfonic acid derieved from cyanobacteria, fish and anthropogenic sources were also detected in the fish tissues. The non-targeted analysis facilitates the identification of both unexpected and unknown compounds.展开更多
Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are gradually receiving attention due to their high detection frequency and usually higher toxicity than regulated DBPs.In this study,we established a solid phase extr...Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are gradually receiving attention due to their high detection frequency and usually higher toxicity than regulated DBPs.In this study,we established a solid phase extraction(SPE)-LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously trace analyze 59 halogenated aromatic DBPs.The limits of detection and limits of quantification of halogenated aromatic DBPs ranged from 0.03 to 135.23 ng/L and from 0.1 to 450.76 ng/L,respectively.The range of recoveries and relative standard deviation(RSD)in river water were between 72.41%to 119.54%and 1.86%to 16.03%,respectively.Therefore,this method can be used to accurately analyze trace levels of halogenated aromatic DBPs in drinking water.The occurrence and transformation of halogenated aromatic DBPs were explored based on this method.In the chlorinated simulated source water and chlorinated river water,20 and 45 halogenated aromatic DBPs were determined,respectively.The active halogen species(HOCl,HOBr,and HOI)first reacted with natural organic matter(NOM)to form halogenated aromatic DBPs.Then,chlorine further reacted with the halogenated aromatic DBPs to convert them into small-molecule halogenated aliphatic DBPs through oxidation,electrophilic substitution,and hydrolysis reaction,etc.In the chlorinated simulated source water,chlorinated river water,and tap water,the toxicity contribution of bromoacetic acids(Br-HAAs)accounted for themajority(>71.16%).Given that halogenated aromatic DBPs are intermediate products of halogenated aliphatic DBPs,controlling the formation of halogenated aromatic DBPs is beneficial in decreasing the formation of halogenated aliphatic DBPs,thereby diminishing the toxicity of drinking water.展开更多
Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.A...The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.展开更多
This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for ...This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for identifying critical failure modes and their root causes,while BN introduces flexibility in probabilistic reasoning,enabling dynamic updates based on new evidence.This dual methodology overcomes the limitations of static FTA models,offering a comprehensive framework for system reliability analysis.Critical failures,including External Leakage(ELU),Failure to Start(FTS),and Overheating(OHE),were identified as key risks.By incorporating redundancy into high-risk components such as pumps and batteries,the likelihood of these failures was significantly reduced.For instance,redundant pumps reduced the probability of ELU by 31.88%,while additional batteries decreased the occurrence of FTS by 36.45%.The results underscore the practical benefits of combining FTA and BN for enhancing system reliability,particularly in maritime applications where operational safety and efficiency are critical.This research provides valuable insights for maintenance planning and highlights the importance of redundancy in critical systems,especially as the industry transitions toward more autonomous vessels.展开更多
AIM:To explore the causal relationship between several possible behavioral factors and high myopia(HM)using multivariable Mendelian randomization(MVMR)approach and to find the mediators among them with mediation analy...AIM:To explore the causal relationship between several possible behavioral factors and high myopia(HM)using multivariable Mendelian randomization(MVMR)approach and to find the mediators among them with mediation analysis.METHODS:The causal effects of several behavioral factors,including screen time,education time,time spent outdoors,and physical activity,on the risk of HM using univariable Mendelian randomization(MR)and MVMR analyses were first assessed.Genome-wide association study summary statistics of serum metabolites were also used in mediation analysis to determine the extent to which serum metabolites mediate the effects of behavioral factors on HM.RESULTS:MR analyses indicated that both increased time spent outdoors and a higher frequency of moderate physical activity significantly reduced the risk of HM.Further MVMR analysis confirmed that moderate physical activity independently contributed to a lower risk of HM.Additionally,MR analyses identified 13 serum metabolites significantly associated with HM,of which 12 were lipids and one was an amino acid derivative.Mediation analysis revealed that six lipid metabolites mediated the protective effects of moderate physical activity on HM,with the highest mediation proportion observed for 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-GPC(p-16:0;30.83%).CONCLUSION:This study suggests that in addition to outdoor time,moderate physical activity habits may have an independent protective effect against HM and pointed to lipid metabolites as priority targets for the prevention due to low physical activity.These results emphasize the importance of physical activity and metabolic health in HM and underscore the need for further study of these complex associations.展开更多
AIM:To summarize publication trends in the field of strabismus over the past 30y and predict future research hotspots.METHODS:A total of 2915 English-language articles and reviews on strabismus,published between 1993 ...AIM:To summarize publication trends in the field of strabismus over the past 30y and predict future research hotspots.METHODS:A total of 2915 English-language articles and reviews on strabismus,published between 1993 and 2022,were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to explore publication trends,as well as the contributions and collaborative networks of countries/regions,authors,institutions,and journals.RESULTS:The annual number of publications on strabismus showed a consistent upward trend.The United States(USA)maintained a leading position in this research field while Republic of Korea and China emerged as rapidly advancing contributors over the last decade.The University of California,Los Angeles ranked as the most productive institution,and Jonathan M.Holmes from USA was the most productive author.Journal of AAPOS was the leading journal with the most strabismus publications,whereas the two most highly cited articles were both published in Ophthalmology.Co-occurrence analysis identified pivotal keywords and burst terms,including intermittent exotropia(IXT),acute acquired comitant esotropia(AACE),functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),and surgical treatment,which were confirmed as predominant and frontier topics.CONCLUSION:This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of strabismus research,revealing the evolution of research hotspots over the past 30y and outlining several cutting-edge directions for future investigation.展开更多
Objective:To identify the bioactive compounds in catechins isolation and its components from green tea GMB-4 clone.Methods:Green tea GMB-4 clones were extracted with distilled water at 90C.Samples were eluted into the...Objective:To identify the bioactive compounds in catechins isolation and its components from green tea GMB-4 clone.Methods:Green tea GMB-4 clones were extracted with distilled water at 90C.Samples were eluted into the column with 10%ethanol.Subsequently,the column was eluted with95%ethanol and evaporated separately.Green tea extract was identified by thin layer chromatography.Catechins were separated by the stationary phase in column chromatography using polyamide with 10%ethanol eluent and 95%ethanol.The results of isolations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC)and LCMS/MS.Analysis of catechins by HPLC was done by external standard.Results:Fraction from 10%ethanol showed that four major peaks at retention time of1.663,2.367,2.950 and 4.890,indicated the presence of four catechins components including catechin,epicatechins,gallocatechin and epigallocatechin.Whereas,fraction from 95%ethanol showed two main peaks at retention time of 5.167 and 9.82,which indicated the presence of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and epicatechin gallate(ECG).EGCG(m/z 459),epigallocatechin(m/z 307),ECG(m/z 443),and epicatechin(m/z 291)were isolated and separated successfully using HPLC and LC-MS/MS.Conclusions:The HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods were successfully tuned for the qualitative analysis of green tea extract with EGCG and ECG.Four major catechins were separated and identified by LC-MS/MS,such as EGCG,epigallocatechin,ECG and epicatechin.The result of HPLC analysis showed that EGCG and ECG were main components from catechins isolation of green tea GMB-4 clone.展开更多
We have recently designed and synthesized several novel iminoquinone anticancer agents that have entered preclinical development for the treatment of human cancers.Herein we developed and validated a quantitative HPLC...We have recently designed and synthesized several novel iminoquinone anticancer agents that have entered preclinical development for the treatment of human cancers.Herein we developed and validated a quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analytical method for one of the lead novel anticancer makaluvamine analog,TCBA-TPQ,and conducted a pharmacokinetic study in laboratory rats.Our results indicated that the HPLC-MS/MS method was precise,accurate,and specific.Using this method,we carried out in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the pharmacological properties of TCBA-TPQ and plasma pharmacokinetics in rats.Our results provide a basis for future preclinical and clinical development of this promising anticancer marine analog.展开更多
An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as co...An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as compared to traditional methods. This method uses isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and is significantly more sensitive than traditional methods. It also shows no evidence of artifactual formation of TSNAs. Sample concentrations were determined for four TSNAs in mainstream smoke using two isotopically labeled TSNAs analogues as internal standards. Mainstream smoke was collected on an industry standard 44-ram Cambridge filter pad, extracted with 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed without further sample cleanup. The analytical column is a 3.9 mm×150 mm Waters Symmertry Shield RP18 column and volume fraction of the mobile phase is 50% methanol, 50% water containing 0.1% acetic acid. The results show that the linear range is 0.5-100.0 mg/L except for N-nitrosoanabasine （NAB） from 0.25 to 50.0 mg/L. The limits of detection are 0.1 mg/L for N-nitrosonornicotine （NNN）, 0.08 mg/L for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1- （3-py-ridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）, 0.05 mg/L for N-nitrosoanatabine （NAT） and 0.06 mg/L for NAB. The recoveries of the four TSNAs are from 90.2% to 105.7%.展开更多
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determination of melatonin in dog plasma using desvenlafaxine as an internal standard (IS). Plasma samples ...A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determination of melatonin in dog plasma using desvenlafaxine as an internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were pretreated by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min by an isocratic mobile phase of methanol : 5 m M ammonium acetate : formic acid (40:60:0.1, v/v/v). Positive ion mode detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) at m/z 233.2→174.2 for melatonin and m/z 264.2→58.2 for desvenlafaxine.The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.020–10 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient ≥0.996. The intra-and inter-assay precision (%RSD) values were within 12.6% (LLOQ15.2%), and accuracy (%RE) ranged from -1.8% to 5.0% (LLOQ ±16.5%). The total analysis time was 3.0 min. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of melatonin prolonged-release tablet in Beagle dogs. The values of half-life and Tmax were similar to the corresponding data reported before.展开更多
AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identi...AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in biological samples, where the sample extraction and clean up were achieved by solid phase extraction(SPE). After optimization of SPE procedures, ATCA was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. ATCA levels following the administration of different doses of potassium cyanide(KCN) to mice were measured and compared to endogenous ATCA levels in order to study the significance of using ATCA as a biomarker for cyanide poisoning.RESULTS: A custom made analytical method was established for a new(mice) model when animals were exposed to increasing KCN doses. The application of this method provided important new information on ATCA as a potential cyanide biomarker. ATCA concentration in mice plasma samples were increased from 189 ± 28 ng/mL(n = 3) to 413 ± 66 ng/mL(n = 3) following a 10 mg/kg body weight dose of KCN introduced subcutaneously. The sensitivity of this analytical method proved to be a tool for measuring endogenous level of ATCA in mice organs as follows: 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/g for kidney samples, 1.6 ± 0.1 μg/g for brain samples, 1.8 ± 0.2 μg/g for lung samples, 2.9 ± 0.1 μg/g for heart samples, and 3.6 ± 0.9 μg/g for liver samples. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that ATCA has the potential to serve as a plasma biomarker / forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning.展开更多
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of plant extracts as therapeutic agents for managing oxidative stress and related disorders.This study aims to elucidate the phenolic composition and antioxidant propertie...Recent studies have highlighted the potential of plant extracts as therapeutic agents for managing oxidative stress and related disorders.This study aims to elucidate the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Gymnema sylvestre extracts.Ethanolic reflux extraction followed by column chromatography was employed to isolate phenolic compounds.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods,respectively.Antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH,ABTS scavenging assays and the ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay.High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)with a C18 column and Thermo TSQ Quantum Access Max(LC-MS)were used to determine the levels of gymnemic acid and identify other potential phenolic compounds.The analysis revealed significant antioxidant activities in the fractions.Fraction A showed the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities,and Fraction C demonstrated the highest ferric reducing power.LC-MS analysis identified several phenolic compounds,indicating that these are major contributors to the antioxidant efficacy of the extract.This study provides a detailed phenolic profile and confirms the strong antioxidant potential of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract,supporting its therapeutic use and further investigation.展开更多
Piper sarmentosum Roxb.(Piperaceae)is a traditional medicinal and food plant widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia,offering both health and culinary benefits.In this study the secondary me...Piper sarmentosum Roxb.(Piperaceae)is a traditional medicinal and food plant widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia,offering both health and culinary benefits.In this study the secondary metabolites in different organs of P.sarmentosum were identified and their relative abundances were characterized.The metabolic profiles of leaves,roots,stems and fruits were comprehensively investigated by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HR-MS)and the data subsequently analyzed using multivariate statistical methods.Manual interpretation of the tandem mass spectrometric(MS/MS)fragmentation patterns revealed the presence of 154 tentatively identified metabolites,mostly represented by alkaloids and flavonoids.Principle component analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated the predominant occurrence of flavonoids,lignans and phenyl propanoids in leaves,aporphines in stems,piperamides in fruits and lignan-amides in roots.Overall,this study provides extensive data on the metabolite composition of P.sarmentosum,supplying useful information for bioactive compounds discovery and patterns of their preferential biosynthesis or storage in specific organs.This can be used to optimize production and harvesting as well as to maximize the plant’s economic value as herbal medicine or in food applications.展开更多
All-trans-retinoic acid(atRA)plays an essential role in organ formation and differentiation,tissue cell proliferation,and apoptosis,and is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases.Liquid c...All-trans-retinoic acid(atRA)plays an essential role in organ formation and differentiation,tissue cell proliferation,and apoptosis,and is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)has become a powerful tool for metabolic biological analysis because of the high sensitivity,specificity and throughput.We have developed a new method for the quantification of atRA by chemical derivatization with 2-nitrophe-nylhydrazine(2-NPH)for the first time,which reduced the interference of detection by changing the ion mass of the molecule.atRA from its endogenous geometric isomers,such as,9-cis-RA and 13-cis-RA,has been baseline resolved within 15 minute under the optimized chromatographic conditions.The method was applied to measure atRA in mouse serum and tissues including liver,kidney,brain,pancreas,and subcutaneous tissue.The method is easy to operate,highly sensitive and well selective,and can be used for accurate and rapid determination of at RA in biological samples.展开更多
Eggplant fruits are known to contain different classes of phenolic phytochemicals (flavonols, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins) that can exert beneficial effects on human health. This study developed methods for the q...Eggplant fruits are known to contain different classes of phenolic phytochemicals (flavonols, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins) that can exert beneficial effects on human health. This study developed methods for the qualitative and quantitative composition analysis of phenolic compounds in the skin of eggplant fruits harvested following conventional and certified organic farming conditions. Eggplant skin was extracted using aqueous methanol prior to phenolic profiling with UHPLC-ESI-MS-MS. Eggplant skin extracts yielded a profile of 16 phenolic acids, 4 anthocyanins, and 11 flavonols, the first report of quercetin-3-diglucoside, myricetin-3-neohesperidoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, kaempferol-3,7-diglucoside, kaempferol-diglucoside and quercetin-3-rhamnoside. Polyphenolic extracts from all sources potently delayed the cupric ion-mediated lag-time for LDL lipid oxidation and protected Apo-B100 proteins against oxidative modification. Organic growing environment positively influences eggplant skin extract phenolic profile but not antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, eggplant skin has a robust profile of phenolic phytochemicals with excellent antioxidant properties.展开更多
Developing analytical methods for the chemical components of natural medicines remains a challenge due to its diversity and complexity.Miao-Fu-Zhi-Tong(MFZT)granules,an ethnic Yi herbal prescription,comprises 10 herbs...Developing analytical methods for the chemical components of natural medicines remains a challenge due to its diversity and complexity.Miao-Fu-Zhi-Tong(MFZT)granules,an ethnic Yi herbal prescription,comprises 10 herbs and has been clinically applied for gouty arthritis(GA)therapy.Herein,a series of chemical profiling strategies including in-house library matching,molecular networking and MS/MS fragmentation behavior validation based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)were developed for qualitative analysis of MFZT granules.A total of 207 compounds were identified or characterized in which several rare guanidines were discovered and profiled into alkyl substituted or cyclic subtypes.Moreover,network pharmacology analysis indicated that MFZT’s anti-gout mechanism was mostly associated with the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling,nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like signaling and rheumatoid arthritis pathways,along with the synergistic effect of 84 potential active compounds.In addition,a quantitative analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine the 29 potential effective components.Among them,berberine,pellodendrine,3-feruloylquinic acid,neoastilbin,isoacteoside and chlorogenic acid derivatives at higher concentrations were considered as the chemical markers for quality control.These findings provide a holistic chemical basis for MFZT granules and will support the development of effective analytical methods for the herbal formulas of natural medicines.展开更多
文摘Sun Guoxiang, Ding Nan, Song Yuqing, Wang Zhen, Song Liangwei. Determination of Guaiacol salicylate in Guacetisal by HPLCmethod and qualitative identification of relevant substances by HPLC-MS
文摘Medicinal materials Ma Chenchen, Li Bailin, Ou Jie, Wang Jing, Zhao Junhong. Detection of N-acyl-homoserine lactones class signal molecules of quorum sensing secreted by bacteria using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry
基金the National Research Foundation under grant number[SFH150715126382],in addition,to support from the Association of African Universities and the Research Publication Committee(RPC)at the University of Venda.
文摘Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are formidable threats to aquatic ecosystems and public health worldwide. The potential health risks associated with cyanotoxins from contaminated fishponds are becoming a growing concern, as cyanotoxin production has steadily increased over time in these aquatic environments. Therefore, this study aims to utilize targeted and non-targeted Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) analytical methods to detect cyanotoxins in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) tissue harvested from fishponds. For detecting cyanotoxins in fish tissue utilizing the non-targeted approach, high-resolution MS/MS spectra data obtained from the analysis were converted to mzML format, analyzed with the Global Natural Product Social (GNPS) Library and CANOPUS annotations for LEVEL 3 metabolite identification, and visualized as a molecular network in Cytoscape. Regarding the targeted method, the toxin identification and quantification were achieved by comparing samples spiked with known concentrations of MC-RR and YR to an authentic toxin standard. The results of the target analysis showed that microcystin variant MC-RR was not detected in the fish tissue. The MC-YR variant was detected in the intestines and gills of Clarias gariepinus at concentrations of 13.2–10.6 μg/g and 1.5–13.9 μg/g, respectively. The muscle tissues across all fish ponds showed MC-YR concentrations between 10.5 and 16.06 μg/g. The highest concentration of MC-YR was found in the liver tissue in pond 6 (20.9 μg/g). The untargeted LC-MS method led to the identification of a larger number of cyanometabolites in the fish tissue, such as aeruginosins, anabaenopeptins, microginins. Non-toxic secondary metabolites like octadecadienoic acid, while phosphocholine (PC), ethanesulfonic acid, pheophorbide A, microcolins, cholic acid, phenylalanine, amyl amine and phosphocholine (PC), triglyceride (TG), phosphocholine (PC) and sulfonic acid derieved from cyanobacteria, fish and anthropogenic sources were also detected in the fish tissues. The non-targeted analysis facilitates the identification of both unexpected and unknown compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52300005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023TQ0098)+5 种基金Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(No.LBH-Z23175)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(No.HIT-SE-01)the Crossover Fund of Medical Engineering Science of Harbin Institute of Technology(No.IR2021107)the National Natural Science Foundation of International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Project(No.51961125104)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(No.2022TS15)the Ecological and Environmental Protection Research Project of Heilongjiang Province(No.HST2022ST006).
文摘Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are gradually receiving attention due to their high detection frequency and usually higher toxicity than regulated DBPs.In this study,we established a solid phase extraction(SPE)-LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously trace analyze 59 halogenated aromatic DBPs.The limits of detection and limits of quantification of halogenated aromatic DBPs ranged from 0.03 to 135.23 ng/L and from 0.1 to 450.76 ng/L,respectively.The range of recoveries and relative standard deviation(RSD)in river water were between 72.41%to 119.54%and 1.86%to 16.03%,respectively.Therefore,this method can be used to accurately analyze trace levels of halogenated aromatic DBPs in drinking water.The occurrence and transformation of halogenated aromatic DBPs were explored based on this method.In the chlorinated simulated source water and chlorinated river water,20 and 45 halogenated aromatic DBPs were determined,respectively.The active halogen species(HOCl,HOBr,and HOI)first reacted with natural organic matter(NOM)to form halogenated aromatic DBPs.Then,chlorine further reacted with the halogenated aromatic DBPs to convert them into small-molecule halogenated aliphatic DBPs through oxidation,electrophilic substitution,and hydrolysis reaction,etc.In the chlorinated simulated source water,chlorinated river water,and tap water,the toxicity contribution of bromoacetic acids(Br-HAAs)accounted for themajority(>71.16%).Given that halogenated aromatic DBPs are intermediate products of halogenated aliphatic DBPs,controlling the formation of halogenated aromatic DBPs is beneficial in decreasing the formation of halogenated aliphatic DBPs,thereby diminishing the toxicity of drinking water.
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52034002 and U2202254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-TT-19-001)。
文摘The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.
基金supported by Istanbul Technical University(Project No.45698)supported through the“Young Researchers’Career Development Project-training of doctoral students”of the Croatian Science Foundation.
文摘This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for identifying critical failure modes and their root causes,while BN introduces flexibility in probabilistic reasoning,enabling dynamic updates based on new evidence.This dual methodology overcomes the limitations of static FTA models,offering a comprehensive framework for system reliability analysis.Critical failures,including External Leakage(ELU),Failure to Start(FTS),and Overheating(OHE),were identified as key risks.By incorporating redundancy into high-risk components such as pumps and batteries,the likelihood of these failures was significantly reduced.For instance,redundant pumps reduced the probability of ELU by 31.88%,while additional batteries decreased the occurrence of FTS by 36.45%.The results underscore the practical benefits of combining FTA and BN for enhancing system reliability,particularly in maritime applications where operational safety and efficiency are critical.This research provides valuable insights for maintenance planning and highlights the importance of redundancy in critical systems,especially as the industry transitions toward more autonomous vessels.
基金Supported by the Central High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.BJ-2024-089).
文摘AIM:To explore the causal relationship between several possible behavioral factors and high myopia(HM)using multivariable Mendelian randomization(MVMR)approach and to find the mediators among them with mediation analysis.METHODS:The causal effects of several behavioral factors,including screen time,education time,time spent outdoors,and physical activity,on the risk of HM using univariable Mendelian randomization(MR)and MVMR analyses were first assessed.Genome-wide association study summary statistics of serum metabolites were also used in mediation analysis to determine the extent to which serum metabolites mediate the effects of behavioral factors on HM.RESULTS:MR analyses indicated that both increased time spent outdoors and a higher frequency of moderate physical activity significantly reduced the risk of HM.Further MVMR analysis confirmed that moderate physical activity independently contributed to a lower risk of HM.Additionally,MR analyses identified 13 serum metabolites significantly associated with HM,of which 12 were lipids and one was an amino acid derivative.Mediation analysis revealed that six lipid metabolites mediated the protective effects of moderate physical activity on HM,with the highest mediation proportion observed for 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-GPC(p-16:0;30.83%).CONCLUSION:This study suggests that in addition to outdoor time,moderate physical activity habits may have an independent protective effect against HM and pointed to lipid metabolites as priority targets for the prevention due to low physical activity.These results emphasize the importance of physical activity and metabolic health in HM and underscore the need for further study of these complex associations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82020108006,No.81730025).
文摘AIM:To summarize publication trends in the field of strabismus over the past 30y and predict future research hotspots.METHODS:A total of 2915 English-language articles and reviews on strabismus,published between 1993 and 2022,were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to explore publication trends,as well as the contributions and collaborative networks of countries/regions,authors,institutions,and journals.RESULTS:The annual number of publications on strabismus showed a consistent upward trend.The United States(USA)maintained a leading position in this research field while Republic of Korea and China emerged as rapidly advancing contributors over the last decade.The University of California,Los Angeles ranked as the most productive institution,and Jonathan M.Holmes from USA was the most productive author.Journal of AAPOS was the leading journal with the most strabismus publications,whereas the two most highly cited articles were both published in Ophthalmology.Co-occurrence analysis identified pivotal keywords and burst terms,including intermittent exotropia(IXT),acute acquired comitant esotropia(AACE),functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),and surgical treatment,which were confirmed as predominant and frontier topics.CONCLUSION:This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of strabismus research,revealing the evolution of research hotspots over the past 30y and outlining several cutting-edge directions for future investigation.
基金supported by a grant of Directorate of General Higher Education,Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia for the"BPPDN"scholarship
文摘Objective:To identify the bioactive compounds in catechins isolation and its components from green tea GMB-4 clone.Methods:Green tea GMB-4 clones were extracted with distilled water at 90C.Samples were eluted into the column with 10%ethanol.Subsequently,the column was eluted with95%ethanol and evaporated separately.Green tea extract was identified by thin layer chromatography.Catechins were separated by the stationary phase in column chromatography using polyamide with 10%ethanol eluent and 95%ethanol.The results of isolations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC)and LCMS/MS.Analysis of catechins by HPLC was done by external standard.Results:Fraction from 10%ethanol showed that four major peaks at retention time of1.663,2.367,2.950 and 4.890,indicated the presence of four catechins components including catechin,epicatechins,gallocatechin and epigallocatechin.Whereas,fraction from 95%ethanol showed two main peaks at retention time of 5.167 and 9.82,which indicated the presence of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and epicatechin gallate(ECG).EGCG(m/z 459),epigallocatechin(m/z 307),ECG(m/z 443),and epicatechin(m/z 291)were isolated and separated successfully using HPLC and LC-MS/MS.Conclusions:The HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods were successfully tuned for the qualitative analysis of green tea extract with EGCG and ECG.Four major catechins were separated and identified by LC-MS/MS,such as EGCG,epigallocatechin,ECG and epicatechin.The result of HPLC analysis showed that EGCG and ECG were main components from catechins isolation of green tea GMB-4 clone.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)grants R01 CA112029,R01 CA121211,and R01 CA186662(to R.Z.)and 1UL1RR025777(to S.V.)
文摘We have recently designed and synthesized several novel iminoquinone anticancer agents that have entered preclinical development for the treatment of human cancers.Herein we developed and validated a quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analytical method for one of the lead novel anticancer makaluvamine analog,TCBA-TPQ,and conducted a pharmacokinetic study in laboratory rats.Our results indicated that the HPLC-MS/MS method was precise,accurate,and specific.Using this method,we carried out in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the pharmacological properties of TCBA-TPQ and plasma pharmacokinetics in rats.Our results provide a basis for future preclinical and clinical development of this promising anticancer marine analog.
基金Project(2005JC02) supported by China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation Limited
文摘An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as compared to traditional methods. This method uses isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and is significantly more sensitive than traditional methods. It also shows no evidence of artifactual formation of TSNAs. Sample concentrations were determined for four TSNAs in mainstream smoke using two isotopically labeled TSNAs analogues as internal standards. Mainstream smoke was collected on an industry standard 44-ram Cambridge filter pad, extracted with 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed without further sample cleanup. The analytical column is a 3.9 mm×150 mm Waters Symmertry Shield RP18 column and volume fraction of the mobile phase is 50% methanol, 50% water containing 0.1% acetic acid. The results show that the linear range is 0.5-100.0 mg/L except for N-nitrosoanabasine （NAB） from 0.25 to 50.0 mg/L. The limits of detection are 0.1 mg/L for N-nitrosonornicotine （NNN）, 0.08 mg/L for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1- （3-py-ridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）, 0.05 mg/L for N-nitrosoanatabine （NAT） and 0.06 mg/L for NAB. The recoveries of the four TSNAs are from 90.2% to 105.7%.
文摘A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determination of melatonin in dog plasma using desvenlafaxine as an internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were pretreated by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min by an isocratic mobile phase of methanol : 5 m M ammonium acetate : formic acid (40:60:0.1, v/v/v). Positive ion mode detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) at m/z 233.2→174.2 for melatonin and m/z 264.2→58.2 for desvenlafaxine.The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.020–10 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient ≥0.996. The intra-and inter-assay precision (%RSD) values were within 12.6% (LLOQ15.2%), and accuracy (%RE) ranged from -1.8% to 5.0% (LLOQ ±16.5%). The total analysis time was 3.0 min. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of melatonin prolonged-release tablet in Beagle dogs. The values of half-life and Tmax were similar to the corresponding data reported before.
基金Supported by NIH:NIAID/USAMRICD Interagency Agreements(W911NF-07-D-0001)the USAMRICD under the auspices of the US Army Research Office Scientific Services Program administered by Battelle(Delivery order 0557,Contract No TCN 08284)the Robert A.Welch Foundation at Sam Houston State University,Huntsville,TX,United States
文摘AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in biological samples, where the sample extraction and clean up were achieved by solid phase extraction(SPE). After optimization of SPE procedures, ATCA was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. ATCA levels following the administration of different doses of potassium cyanide(KCN) to mice were measured and compared to endogenous ATCA levels in order to study the significance of using ATCA as a biomarker for cyanide poisoning.RESULTS: A custom made analytical method was established for a new(mice) model when animals were exposed to increasing KCN doses. The application of this method provided important new information on ATCA as a potential cyanide biomarker. ATCA concentration in mice plasma samples were increased from 189 ± 28 ng/mL(n = 3) to 413 ± 66 ng/mL(n = 3) following a 10 mg/kg body weight dose of KCN introduced subcutaneously. The sensitivity of this analytical method proved to be a tool for measuring endogenous level of ATCA in mice organs as follows: 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/g for kidney samples, 1.6 ± 0.1 μg/g for brain samples, 1.8 ± 0.2 μg/g for lung samples, 2.9 ± 0.1 μg/g for heart samples, and 3.6 ± 0.9 μg/g for liver samples. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that ATCA has the potential to serve as a plasma biomarker / forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning.
文摘Recent studies have highlighted the potential of plant extracts as therapeutic agents for managing oxidative stress and related disorders.This study aims to elucidate the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Gymnema sylvestre extracts.Ethanolic reflux extraction followed by column chromatography was employed to isolate phenolic compounds.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods,respectively.Antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH,ABTS scavenging assays and the ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay.High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)with a C18 column and Thermo TSQ Quantum Access Max(LC-MS)were used to determine the levels of gymnemic acid and identify other potential phenolic compounds.The analysis revealed significant antioxidant activities in the fractions.Fraction A showed the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities,and Fraction C demonstrated the highest ferric reducing power.LC-MS analysis identified several phenolic compounds,indicating that these are major contributors to the antioxidant efficacy of the extract.This study provides a detailed phenolic profile and confirms the strong antioxidant potential of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract,supporting its therapeutic use and further investigation.
基金supported by the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)as a grant scholarship and part of the Ph.D.thesis of IW.Funding program/-ID:Research Grants-Doctoral Programs in Germany,2017/18(57299294),ST34.
文摘Piper sarmentosum Roxb.(Piperaceae)is a traditional medicinal and food plant widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia,offering both health and culinary benefits.In this study the secondary metabolites in different organs of P.sarmentosum were identified and their relative abundances were characterized.The metabolic profiles of leaves,roots,stems and fruits were comprehensively investigated by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HR-MS)and the data subsequently analyzed using multivariate statistical methods.Manual interpretation of the tandem mass spectrometric(MS/MS)fragmentation patterns revealed the presence of 154 tentatively identified metabolites,mostly represented by alkaloids and flavonoids.Principle component analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated the predominant occurrence of flavonoids,lignans and phenyl propanoids in leaves,aporphines in stems,piperamides in fruits and lignan-amides in roots.Overall,this study provides extensive data on the metabolite composition of P.sarmentosum,supplying useful information for bioactive compounds discovery and patterns of their preferential biosynthesis or storage in specific organs.This can be used to optimize production and harvesting as well as to maximize the plant’s economic value as herbal medicine or in food applications.
基金Supported by the College Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Hubei Province(T201718)。
文摘All-trans-retinoic acid(atRA)plays an essential role in organ formation and differentiation,tissue cell proliferation,and apoptosis,and is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)has become a powerful tool for metabolic biological analysis because of the high sensitivity,specificity and throughput.We have developed a new method for the quantification of atRA by chemical derivatization with 2-nitrophe-nylhydrazine(2-NPH)for the first time,which reduced the interference of detection by changing the ion mass of the molecule.atRA from its endogenous geometric isomers,such as,9-cis-RA and 13-cis-RA,has been baseline resolved within 15 minute under the optimized chromatographic conditions.The method was applied to measure atRA in mouse serum and tissues including liver,kidney,brain,pancreas,and subcutaneous tissue.The method is easy to operate,highly sensitive and well selective,and can be used for accurate and rapid determination of at RA in biological samples.
文摘Eggplant fruits are known to contain different classes of phenolic phytochemicals (flavonols, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins) that can exert beneficial effects on human health. This study developed methods for the qualitative and quantitative composition analysis of phenolic compounds in the skin of eggplant fruits harvested following conventional and certified organic farming conditions. Eggplant skin was extracted using aqueous methanol prior to phenolic profiling with UHPLC-ESI-MS-MS. Eggplant skin extracts yielded a profile of 16 phenolic acids, 4 anthocyanins, and 11 flavonols, the first report of quercetin-3-diglucoside, myricetin-3-neohesperidoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, kaempferol-3,7-diglucoside, kaempferol-diglucoside and quercetin-3-rhamnoside. Polyphenolic extracts from all sources potently delayed the cupric ion-mediated lag-time for LDL lipid oxidation and protected Apo-B100 proteins against oxidative modification. Organic growing environment positively influences eggplant skin extract phenolic profile but not antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, eggplant skin has a robust profile of phenolic phytochemicals with excellent antioxidant properties.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC 1704006 and 2017YFC1704005).
文摘Developing analytical methods for the chemical components of natural medicines remains a challenge due to its diversity and complexity.Miao-Fu-Zhi-Tong(MFZT)granules,an ethnic Yi herbal prescription,comprises 10 herbs and has been clinically applied for gouty arthritis(GA)therapy.Herein,a series of chemical profiling strategies including in-house library matching,molecular networking and MS/MS fragmentation behavior validation based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)were developed for qualitative analysis of MFZT granules.A total of 207 compounds were identified or characterized in which several rare guanidines were discovered and profiled into alkyl substituted or cyclic subtypes.Moreover,network pharmacology analysis indicated that MFZT’s anti-gout mechanism was mostly associated with the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling,nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like signaling and rheumatoid arthritis pathways,along with the synergistic effect of 84 potential active compounds.In addition,a quantitative analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine the 29 potential effective components.Among them,berberine,pellodendrine,3-feruloylquinic acid,neoastilbin,isoacteoside and chlorogenic acid derivatives at higher concentrations were considered as the chemical markers for quality control.These findings provide a holistic chemical basis for MFZT granules and will support the development of effective analytical methods for the herbal formulas of natural medicines.
