This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model E...This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model EC-Earth3.Our findings indicate that vegetation changes significantly influence the global monsoon area and precipitation patterns,especially in the North African and Indian monsoon regions.The North African monsoon region experienced the most substantial increase in vegetation during both the LIG and MH,resulting in significant increases in monsoonal precipitation by 9.8%and 6.0%,respectively.The vegetation feedback also intensified the Saharan Heat Low,strengthened monsoonal flows,and enhanced precipitation over the North African monsoon region.In contrast,the Indian monsoon region exhibited divergent responses to vegetation changes.During the LIG,precipitation in the Indian monsoon region decreased by 2.2%,while it increased by 1.6%during the MH.These differences highlight the complex and region-specific impacts of vegetation feedback on monsoon systems.Overall,this study demonstrates that vegetation feedback exerts distinct influences on the global monsoon during the MH and LIG.These findings highlight the importance of considering vegetation-climate feedback in understanding past monsoon variability and in predicting future climate change impacts on monsoon systems.展开更多
Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively ...Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.展开更多
Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emi...Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.展开更多
The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain....The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.展开更多
Impact craters are important for understanding the evolution of lunar geologic and surface erosion rates,among other functions.However,the morphological characteristics of these micro impact craters are not obvious an...Impact craters are important for understanding the evolution of lunar geologic and surface erosion rates,among other functions.However,the morphological characteristics of these micro impact craters are not obvious and they are numerous,resulting in low detection accuracy by deep learning models.Therefore,we proposed a new multi-scale fusion crater detection algorithm(MSF-CDA)based on the YOLO11 to improve the accuracy of lunar impact crater detection,especially for small craters with a diameter of<1 km.Using the images taken by the LROC(Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera)at the Chang’e-4(CE-4)landing area,we constructed three separate datasets for craters with diameters of 0-70 m,70-140 m,and>140 m.We then trained three submodels separately with these three datasets.Additionally,we designed a slicing-amplifying-slicing strategy to enhance the ability to extract features from small craters.To handle redundant predictions,we proposed a new Non-Maximum Suppression with Area Filtering method to fuse the results in overlapping targets within the multi-scale submodels.Finally,our new MSF-CDA method achieved high detection performance,with the Precision,Recall,and F1 score having values of 0.991,0.987,and 0.989,respectively,perfectly addressing the problems induced by the lesser features and sample imbalance of small craters.Our MSF-CDA can provide strong data support for more in-depth study of the geological evolution of the lunar surface and finer geological age estimations.This strategy can also be used to detect other small objects with lesser features and sample imbalance problems.We detected approximately 500,000 impact craters in an area of approximately 214 km2 around the CE-4 landing area.By statistically analyzing the new data,we updated the distribution function of the number and diameter of impact craters.Finally,we identified the most suitable lighting conditions for detecting impact crater targets by analyzing the effect of different lighting conditions on the detection accuracy.展开更多
Rapid regional population shifts and spatial polarization have heightened pressure on cultivated land—a critical resource demanding urgent attention amid ongoing urban-rural transition.This study selects Jiangsu prov...Rapid regional population shifts and spatial polarization have heightened pressure on cultivated land—a critical resource demanding urgent attention amid ongoing urban-rural transition.This study selects Jiangsu province,a national leader in both economic and agricultural development,as a case area to construct a multidimensional framework for assessing the recessive morphological characteristics of multifunctional cultivated land use.We examine temporal dynamics,spatial heterogeneity,and propose an integrated zoning strategy based on empirical analysis.The results reveal that:(1)The recessive morphology index shows a consistent upward trend,with structural breaks in 2007 and 2013,and a spatial shift from“higher in the east and lower in the west”to“higher in the south and lower in the north.”(2)Coordination among sub-dimensions of the index has steadily improved.(3)The index is expected to continue rising in the next decade,though at a slower pace.(4)To promote coordinated multidimensional land-use development,we recommend a policy framework that reinforces existing strengths,addresses weaknesses,and adapts zoning schemes to current spatial conditions.This research offers new insights into multifunctional cultivated land systems and underscores their role in enhancing human well-being,securing food supply,and supporting sustainable urban-rural integration.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid population growth and the accelerated urbanization process,the contradiction between the demand for expanding ground space and the limited available land scale is becoming increasingly ...0 INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid population growth and the accelerated urbanization process,the contradiction between the demand for expanding ground space and the limited available land scale is becoming increasingly prominent.China has implemented and completed several largescale land infilling and excavation projects(Figure 1),which have become the main way to increase land resources and expand construction land.展开更多
The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the d...The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.展开更多
Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantiall...Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantially enhance land resources.This study highlights the necessity for a precise correlation between land development initiatives and constraints in order to optimize efficiency and enhance the effectiveness of such projects,with the core being the seamless integration of land development engineering and techniques to eliminate agricultural constraints.This study employs a systems engineering approach to classify improvement factors into mobile and fixed categories,elucidating the integration methods of constraint factors.Adhering to the Wooden Barrel Principle,these constraints were rigorously analyzed based on soil quality,land topography,water availability,and agricultural infrastructure.An innovative method of engineering type combination is proposed,which effectively explains the correlation between natural factors combination,project type combination,and target factors combination.It provides a convenient way for the selection of barren grassland development projects and lays a foundation for land planning,development project establishment,program selection,engineering design,and budget preparation.Taking Tang County of China as an example,it is divided into 19 factor improvement areas,a quick reference table of engineering types is established,and 14 main types of engineering combinations are obtained,which lays a foundation for the application of theoretical framework in practice.展开更多
Land cover changes significantly affect mangrove forests,driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural processes.The Banlaem mangrove in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand,supports numerous mangrove plantation project...Land cover changes significantly affect mangrove forests,driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural processes.The Banlaem mangrove in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand,supports numerous mangrove plantation projects but lacks comprehensive assessments and monitoring related to land cover changes.This study aimed to(1)investigate land cover changes in the Banlaem mangrove from 1995 to 2023,and(2)generate a predictive model for future land cover changes.For land cover assessment,satellite imagery from multiple sources,including Sentinel-2(Level 2A)and Landsat(Collection 2 Level 2),was utilized to examine and classify changes in mangrove cover within the Banlaem mangrove forest from 1995 to 2023,using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood algorithm.Various regression models were analysed to develop a predictive model based on area size and time.The mangrove area in the Banlaem mangrove forest steadily grew throughout the study period,with the total area increasing from 56.16 ha in 1995 to 527.55 ha in 2023.This study represents the first analysis of changes in the Banlaem mangrove cover.Throughout the tested models,they reveal an unclear pattern of mangrove expansion,yet they indicate a high rate of expansion in the Banlaem mangrove forest.In addition,these results are expected to encourage greater community involvement in the monitoring and management of the Banlaem mangrove.We recommend establishing a community monitoring network to engage local residents in tracking changes in mangrove cover,supported by training and resources.展开更多
Cropland suitability analysis is a vital tool for ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture,coordinating ecological space with human activity space on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).However,there are few stud...Cropland suitability analysis is a vital tool for ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture,coordinating ecological space with human activity space on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).However,there are few studies on complete and accurate cropland suitability assessments on the QTP,let alone on identifying key potential areas for cropland development.We used a novel assessment model to generate a 30-m cropland suitability map for the QTP.The identification of areas with cropland development potential and the evaluation of potentially available cropland were further integrated into a unified analytical framework.We found that only 10.18%of the study area is suitable for large-scale and permanent cropland.Moreover,approximately 72.75%of the existing cropland was found to be distributed in suitable or marginally suitable areas.Considering the trade-offs related to irrigation water supply convenience,approximately 1.07%of the study area was identified as having high potential for cropland development.Four key potential areas were further identified:the Shannan Valley,the Nyingchi Valley,the Zanda Valley,and the Gonghe Basin.These areas boast abundant potentially available cropland resources and ecological resettlement capacities,which leads us to recommend strategic priorities for comprehensive land consolidation and water development.This study has practical significance for optimizing land resource allocation and guiding decision-making related to ecological migration on the QTP.展开更多
This study evaluates the long-term radiometric performance of the USGS new released Landsat Collection 1 archive, including the absolute calibration of each Landsat sensor as well as the relative cross-calibration amo...This study evaluates the long-term radiometric performance of the USGS new released Landsat Collection 1 archive, including the absolute calibration of each Landsat sensor as well as the relative cross-calibration among the four most popular Landsat sensors. A total of 920 Landsat Collection 1 scenes were evaluated against the corresponding Pre-Collection images over a Pseudo-Invariant Site, Railroad Valley Playa Nevada, United States (RVPN). The radiometric performance of the six Landsat solar reflective bands, in terms of both Digital Numbers (DNs) and at-sensor Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, on the sensor cross-calibration was examined. Results show that absolute radiometric calibration at DNs level was applied to the Landsat-4 and -5 TM (L4 TM and L5 TM) by –1.119% to 0.126%. For L4 TM and L5 TM, the cross-calibration decreased the radiometric measurement level by rescaling at-sensor radiance to DN values. The radiometric changes, –0.77% for L4 TM, 0.95% for L5 TM, –0.26% for L7 ETM+, and –0.01% for L8 OLI, were detected during the cross-calibration stage of converting DNs into TOA reflectance. This study has also indicated that the long-term radiometric performance for the Landsat Collection 1 archive is promising. Supports of these conclusions were demonstrated through the time-series analysis based on the Landsat Collection 1 image stack. Nevertheless, the radiometric changes across the four Landsat sensors raised concerns of the previous Landsat Pre-Collection based results. We suggest that Landsat users should pay attention to differences in results from Pre-Collection and Collection 1 time-series data sets.展开更多
Tropical Asia is a region comprising South and Southeast Asia and under strong influence of the Asianmonsoon climate. It is characterized by an extremely high population density and by high land use intensity.Paddy ri...Tropical Asia is a region comprising South and Southeast Asia and under strong influence of the Asianmonsoon climate. It is characterized by an extremely high population density and by high land use intensity.Paddy rice cultivation is the most important form of agriculture in the greater part of the region. Soilresources of tropical Asia have a specific feature in comparison with tropical Africa and America. Ultisolsdominate in uplands, and lowland soils like Inceptisols and Histosols are relatively abundant. The latterpoint is made clearer if we take the landforms of the region with a vast extent of lowlands into consideration.Geologically, tropical Asia with the Himalayan orogeny and active volcanism exhibits a conspicuous contrastto tropical Africa and America with the dominance of the shield structure. This along with the monsoonclimate should have determined the basic features of landforms and soil, and accordingly all the agriculturaland social characteristics of tropical Asia today. Although paddy rice cultivation in the lowland is highlysustainable, upland cultivation in extensive Ultisol areas tends to be handicapped by low fertility and higherodibility of the soil, resulting in low sustainability. Land shortage is compelling people to exploit slopelandsin hills and mountains, on the one hand, and thus far unutilized coastal lowlands, on the other. Both ofthese new reclamations are facing to serious land degradation problems today. Tropical Asia will continueto be the most densely populated region of the world with ever-increasing population. In order to meet theincreasing food demand lowland rice cultivation should be intensified by the infrastructure development toease the stresses on slopelands and vulnerable coastal lowlands. At the same time, upland crop productionin Ultisol areas should be stabilized and enhanced, providing integrated nutrient management and measuresfor soil conservation.展开更多
Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security...Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.展开更多
In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoun...In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoundly affected its ecological stability.Taking Hangzhou as an example,this study integrates land use change data from 1980 to 2020,combines dynamic simulation and ecological modeling techniques,and carries out a comprehensive analysis of historical trends and future predictions,to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between urban expansion and landscape stability.The results indicate that:1)between 1980 and2020,Hangzhou experienced a significant increase in construction land at the expense of arable land,leading to a gradual decline in landscape stability,though the downward trend has slowed in recent years.2)The spatial distribution of landscape stability shows clear aggregation patterns,with lower stability concentrated in economically active flatlands and higher stability in the mountainous western regions.3)By 2040,further urban expansion is predicted to occur alongside increased landscape integration,reflecting the positive effects of ecological protection strategies.This study highlights the universal challenges of balancing economic growth with ecological stability in rapidly urbanizing regions.The combination of advanced simulation models and spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates a replicable framework for assessing urban expansion's ecological impacts.These findings underscore the importance of tailoring urban planning and ecological policies to address regional disparities,providing valuable insights for sustainable urban development and landscape management globally.展开更多
英国作家立德夫人的民族志作品The Land of the Blue Gown有多个汉语无本回译译本。本文选取其中三个代表性译本,尝试从民族志翻译理论出发,通过对不同译本的语言风格传达和文化信息还原进行比较,总结各无本回译译本的翻译策略选择以及...英国作家立德夫人的民族志作品The Land of the Blue Gown有多个汉语无本回译译本。本文选取其中三个代表性译本,尝试从民族志翻译理论出发,通过对不同译本的语言风格传达和文化信息还原进行比较,总结各无本回译译本的翻译策略选择以及译者在各自翻译过程中扮演的不同角色,为民族志翻译相关研究作学理探讨。展开更多
Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe b...Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.展开更多
The conversion of forest land to other types of land cover is one of the major issues in the global fight against climate change. Understanding the direct and indirect factors of these conversions from local studies i...The conversion of forest land to other types of land cover is one of the major issues in the global fight against climate change. Understanding the direct and indirect factors of these conversions from local studies in the tropics is essential to project the future impact of human activities on the preservation of tropical forests in general and the forests of the Republic of Congo in particular. This study, conducted in five localities with different socioeconomic contexts in the Republic of Congo, aims to analyze the variability of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation linked to urbanization in the Congo Basin. Using a series of land cover maps from the years 1986, 2003 and 2019 for the cities of Ouesso, Pokola, Ngombe, Impfondo and Dongou, as well as field data and socio-economic information collected from local and central administrations, a unique model has been developed to understand the explanatory patterns of forest loss. Deforestation around urban centers is mainly due to urban agriculture due to population growth, as well as the spatial expansion of cities, which have a major impact on the stability and integrity of forests. Shifting agriculture is the main direct cause of deforestation and forest degradation, representing 48% of the total sample, followed by the collection of wood fuel (22%), the collection of construction wood (19%), illegal logging (6%) and urban expansion (5%). Forecasts indicate that forest loss around major cities will increase by 487, 20 ha to 5266, 73 ha by 2050 compared to the base year of 2019. This study highlights the need for a new system of land management and poverty alleviation of local populations to ensure the stability of the Congo Basin tropical forests around large and small African cities.展开更多
The expansion of construction land on slopes in mountainous cities like Lanzhou has addressed the shortage of flat land but compromised slope stability,leading to uneven land subsidence and risks to infrastructure.Thi...The expansion of construction land on slopes in mountainous cities like Lanzhou has addressed the shortage of flat land but compromised slope stability,leading to uneven land subsidence and risks to infrastructure.This study assessed the land subsidence before and after urban expansion in five areas of Lanzhou by using slope spectrum construction method and gradient expansion intensity measurement that integrated with SBAS-InSAR technology.The results show that construction land on slopes over 20°increased significantly,accounting for 16%of new construction land.The average slope spectrum index was 4.02,with the upper slope limit rising by 8.2°.The land subsidence rate threshold increased by 10 mm/a,and the proportion of pixels experiencing subsidence greater than 5 mm/year rose from 3.63%to 5.24%.Increased construction intensity on slopes caused higher and faster subsidence,which diminished with greater distance from the expansion areas.Areas with slopes between 10°and 25°saw the greatest acceleration in subsidence.Geological composition,building density,groundwater exploitation,and cut-and-fill thickness collectively influence land subsidence rates.This study provides a scientific basis for mitigating geological disaster risks and promoting safe urban development in mountainous cities.展开更多
基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,Grant No.202203129)the Project of Youth Science and Technology Fund of Gansu Province(Grant No.24JRRA439)partially funded by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,Grant No.2022-06725)。
文摘This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model EC-Earth3.Our findings indicate that vegetation changes significantly influence the global monsoon area and precipitation patterns,especially in the North African and Indian monsoon regions.The North African monsoon region experienced the most substantial increase in vegetation during both the LIG and MH,resulting in significant increases in monsoonal precipitation by 9.8%and 6.0%,respectively.The vegetation feedback also intensified the Saharan Heat Low,strengthened monsoonal flows,and enhanced precipitation over the North African monsoon region.In contrast,the Indian monsoon region exhibited divergent responses to vegetation changes.During the LIG,precipitation in the Indian monsoon region decreased by 2.2%,while it increased by 1.6%during the MH.These differences highlight the complex and region-specific impacts of vegetation feedback on monsoon systems.Overall,this study demonstrates that vegetation feedback exerts distinct influences on the global monsoon during the MH and LIG.These findings highlight the importance of considering vegetation-climate feedback in understanding past monsoon variability and in predicting future climate change impacts on monsoon systems.
基金Shanxi Province Graduate Research Practice Innovation Project,No.2023KY465Project on the Reform of Graduate Education and Teaching in Shanxi Province,No.2021YJJG146+1 种基金Research Project of Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau,No.22-8-14-1400-119National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFB3901300。
文摘Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275039)the Meteorological Joint Fund by NSF and CMA(Grant No.U2342224)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3701202)the S&T Development Fund of CAMS(Grant No.2024KJ019)。
文摘Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.CE230100012)。
文摘The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0711400)which provided valuable financial support and resources for my research and made it possible for me to deeply explore the unknown mysteries in the field of lunar geologythe National Space Science Data Center Youth Open Project(Grant No.NSSDC2302001),which has not only facilitated the smooth progress of my research,but has also built a platform for me to communicate and cooperate with experts in the field.
文摘Impact craters are important for understanding the evolution of lunar geologic and surface erosion rates,among other functions.However,the morphological characteristics of these micro impact craters are not obvious and they are numerous,resulting in low detection accuracy by deep learning models.Therefore,we proposed a new multi-scale fusion crater detection algorithm(MSF-CDA)based on the YOLO11 to improve the accuracy of lunar impact crater detection,especially for small craters with a diameter of<1 km.Using the images taken by the LROC(Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera)at the Chang’e-4(CE-4)landing area,we constructed three separate datasets for craters with diameters of 0-70 m,70-140 m,and>140 m.We then trained three submodels separately with these three datasets.Additionally,we designed a slicing-amplifying-slicing strategy to enhance the ability to extract features from small craters.To handle redundant predictions,we proposed a new Non-Maximum Suppression with Area Filtering method to fuse the results in overlapping targets within the multi-scale submodels.Finally,our new MSF-CDA method achieved high detection performance,with the Precision,Recall,and F1 score having values of 0.991,0.987,and 0.989,respectively,perfectly addressing the problems induced by the lesser features and sample imbalance of small craters.Our MSF-CDA can provide strong data support for more in-depth study of the geological evolution of the lunar surface and finer geological age estimations.This strategy can also be used to detect other small objects with lesser features and sample imbalance problems.We detected approximately 500,000 impact craters in an area of approximately 214 km2 around the CE-4 landing area.By statistically analyzing the new data,we updated the distribution function of the number and diameter of impact craters.Finally,we identified the most suitable lighting conditions for detecting impact crater targets by analyzing the effect of different lighting conditions on the detection accuracy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42101252。
文摘Rapid regional population shifts and spatial polarization have heightened pressure on cultivated land—a critical resource demanding urgent attention amid ongoing urban-rural transition.This study selects Jiangsu province,a national leader in both economic and agricultural development,as a case area to construct a multidimensional framework for assessing the recessive morphological characteristics of multifunctional cultivated land use.We examine temporal dynamics,spatial heterogeneity,and propose an integrated zoning strategy based on empirical analysis.The results reveal that:(1)The recessive morphology index shows a consistent upward trend,with structural breaks in 2007 and 2013,and a spatial shift from“higher in the east and lower in the west”to“higher in the south and lower in the north.”(2)Coordination among sub-dimensions of the index has steadily improved.(3)The index is expected to continue rising in the next decade,though at a slower pace.(4)To promote coordinated multidimensional land-use development,we recommend a policy framework that reinforces existing strengths,addresses weaknesses,and adapts zoning schemes to current spatial conditions.This research offers new insights into multifunctional cultivated land systems and underscores their role in enhancing human well-being,securing food supply,and supporting sustainable urban-rural integration.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SFYBXM-669)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271078)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid population growth and the accelerated urbanization process,the contradiction between the demand for expanding ground space and the limited available land scale is becoming increasingly prominent.China has implemented and completed several largescale land infilling and excavation projects(Figure 1),which have become the main way to increase land resources and expand construction land.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70503025)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences(KZCX2-YW-305-2+3 种基金KSCX2-YW-N-039)the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs(2006BAC08B032006BAC08B06)international cooperation program of science and technolo-gy ministry(2006DFB919201).~~
文摘The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.
基金funded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department[QN2023085].
文摘Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantially enhance land resources.This study highlights the necessity for a precise correlation between land development initiatives and constraints in order to optimize efficiency and enhance the effectiveness of such projects,with the core being the seamless integration of land development engineering and techniques to eliminate agricultural constraints.This study employs a systems engineering approach to classify improvement factors into mobile and fixed categories,elucidating the integration methods of constraint factors.Adhering to the Wooden Barrel Principle,these constraints were rigorously analyzed based on soil quality,land topography,water availability,and agricultural infrastructure.An innovative method of engineering type combination is proposed,which effectively explains the correlation between natural factors combination,project type combination,and target factors combination.It provides a convenient way for the selection of barren grassland development projects and lays a foundation for land planning,development project establishment,program selection,engineering design,and budget preparation.Taking Tang County of China as an example,it is divided into 19 factor improvement areas,a quick reference table of engineering types is established,and 14 main types of engineering combinations are obtained,which lays a foundation for the application of theoretical framework in practice.
文摘Land cover changes significantly affect mangrove forests,driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural processes.The Banlaem mangrove in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand,supports numerous mangrove plantation projects but lacks comprehensive assessments and monitoring related to land cover changes.This study aimed to(1)investigate land cover changes in the Banlaem mangrove from 1995 to 2023,and(2)generate a predictive model for future land cover changes.For land cover assessment,satellite imagery from multiple sources,including Sentinel-2(Level 2A)and Landsat(Collection 2 Level 2),was utilized to examine and classify changes in mangrove cover within the Banlaem mangrove forest from 1995 to 2023,using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood algorithm.Various regression models were analysed to develop a predictive model based on area size and time.The mangrove area in the Banlaem mangrove forest steadily grew throughout the study period,with the total area increasing from 56.16 ha in 1995 to 527.55 ha in 2023.This study represents the first analysis of changes in the Banlaem mangrove cover.Throughout the tested models,they reveal an unclear pattern of mangrove expansion,yet they indicate a high rate of expansion in the Banlaem mangrove forest.In addition,these results are expected to encourage greater community involvement in the monitoring and management of the Banlaem mangrove.We recommend establishing a community monitoring network to engage local residents in tracking changes in mangrove cover,supported by training and resources.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research ProgramNo.2019QZKK0406。
文摘Cropland suitability analysis is a vital tool for ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture,coordinating ecological space with human activity space on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).However,there are few studies on complete and accurate cropland suitability assessments on the QTP,let alone on identifying key potential areas for cropland development.We used a novel assessment model to generate a 30-m cropland suitability map for the QTP.The identification of areas with cropland development potential and the evaluation of potentially available cropland were further integrated into a unified analytical framework.We found that only 10.18%of the study area is suitable for large-scale and permanent cropland.Moreover,approximately 72.75%of the existing cropland was found to be distributed in suitable or marginally suitable areas.Considering the trade-offs related to irrigation water supply convenience,approximately 1.07%of the study area was identified as having high potential for cropland development.Four key potential areas were further identified:the Shannan Valley,the Nyingchi Valley,the Zanda Valley,and the Gonghe Basin.These areas boast abundant potentially available cropland resources and ecological resettlement capacities,which leads us to recommend strategic priorities for comprehensive land consolidation and water development.This study has practical significance for optimizing land resource allocation and guiding decision-making related to ecological migration on the QTP.
文摘This study evaluates the long-term radiometric performance of the USGS new released Landsat Collection 1 archive, including the absolute calibration of each Landsat sensor as well as the relative cross-calibration among the four most popular Landsat sensors. A total of 920 Landsat Collection 1 scenes were evaluated against the corresponding Pre-Collection images over a Pseudo-Invariant Site, Railroad Valley Playa Nevada, United States (RVPN). The radiometric performance of the six Landsat solar reflective bands, in terms of both Digital Numbers (DNs) and at-sensor Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, on the sensor cross-calibration was examined. Results show that absolute radiometric calibration at DNs level was applied to the Landsat-4 and -5 TM (L4 TM and L5 TM) by –1.119% to 0.126%. For L4 TM and L5 TM, the cross-calibration decreased the radiometric measurement level by rescaling at-sensor radiance to DN values. The radiometric changes, –0.77% for L4 TM, 0.95% for L5 TM, –0.26% for L7 ETM+, and –0.01% for L8 OLI, were detected during the cross-calibration stage of converting DNs into TOA reflectance. This study has also indicated that the long-term radiometric performance for the Landsat Collection 1 archive is promising. Supports of these conclusions were demonstrated through the time-series analysis based on the Landsat Collection 1 image stack. Nevertheless, the radiometric changes across the four Landsat sensors raised concerns of the previous Landsat Pre-Collection based results. We suggest that Landsat users should pay attention to differences in results from Pre-Collection and Collection 1 time-series data sets.
文摘Tropical Asia is a region comprising South and Southeast Asia and under strong influence of the Asianmonsoon climate. It is characterized by an extremely high population density and by high land use intensity.Paddy rice cultivation is the most important form of agriculture in the greater part of the region. Soilresources of tropical Asia have a specific feature in comparison with tropical Africa and America. Ultisolsdominate in uplands, and lowland soils like Inceptisols and Histosols are relatively abundant. The latterpoint is made clearer if we take the landforms of the region with a vast extent of lowlands into consideration.Geologically, tropical Asia with the Himalayan orogeny and active volcanism exhibits a conspicuous contrastto tropical Africa and America with the dominance of the shield structure. This along with the monsoonclimate should have determined the basic features of landforms and soil, and accordingly all the agriculturaland social characteristics of tropical Asia today. Although paddy rice cultivation in the lowland is highlysustainable, upland cultivation in extensive Ultisol areas tends to be handicapped by low fertility and higherodibility of the soil, resulting in low sustainability. Land shortage is compelling people to exploit slopelandsin hills and mountains, on the one hand, and thus far unutilized coastal lowlands, on the other. Both ofthese new reclamations are facing to serious land degradation problems today. Tropical Asia will continueto be the most densely populated region of the world with ever-increasing population. In order to meet theincreasing food demand lowland rice cultivation should be intensified by the infrastructure development toease the stresses on slopelands and vulnerable coastal lowlands. At the same time, upland crop productionin Ultisol areas should be stabilized and enhanced, providing integrated nutrient management and measuresfor soil conservation.
文摘Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.
基金Under the auspices of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY19C160007)。
文摘In recent years,rapid urbanization has had a profound impact on landscape stability.As a typical example of China's rapid urbanization,Hangzhou has also experienced significant landscape changes,which have profoundly affected its ecological stability.Taking Hangzhou as an example,this study integrates land use change data from 1980 to 2020,combines dynamic simulation and ecological modeling techniques,and carries out a comprehensive analysis of historical trends and future predictions,to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between urban expansion and landscape stability.The results indicate that:1)between 1980 and2020,Hangzhou experienced a significant increase in construction land at the expense of arable land,leading to a gradual decline in landscape stability,though the downward trend has slowed in recent years.2)The spatial distribution of landscape stability shows clear aggregation patterns,with lower stability concentrated in economically active flatlands and higher stability in the mountainous western regions.3)By 2040,further urban expansion is predicted to occur alongside increased landscape integration,reflecting the positive effects of ecological protection strategies.This study highlights the universal challenges of balancing economic growth with ecological stability in rapidly urbanizing regions.The combination of advanced simulation models and spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates a replicable framework for assessing urban expansion's ecological impacts.These findings underscore the importance of tailoring urban planning and ecological policies to address regional disparities,providing valuable insights for sustainable urban development and landscape management globally.
文摘英国作家立德夫人的民族志作品The Land of the Blue Gown有多个汉语无本回译译本。本文选取其中三个代表性译本,尝试从民族志翻译理论出发,通过对不同译本的语言风格传达和文化信息还原进行比较,总结各无本回译译本的翻译策略选择以及译者在各自翻译过程中扮演的不同角色,为民族志翻译相关研究作学理探讨。
基金Supported by Forestry Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province(XLK201406)~~
文摘Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.
文摘The conversion of forest land to other types of land cover is one of the major issues in the global fight against climate change. Understanding the direct and indirect factors of these conversions from local studies in the tropics is essential to project the future impact of human activities on the preservation of tropical forests in general and the forests of the Republic of Congo in particular. This study, conducted in five localities with different socioeconomic contexts in the Republic of Congo, aims to analyze the variability of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation linked to urbanization in the Congo Basin. Using a series of land cover maps from the years 1986, 2003 and 2019 for the cities of Ouesso, Pokola, Ngombe, Impfondo and Dongou, as well as field data and socio-economic information collected from local and central administrations, a unique model has been developed to understand the explanatory patterns of forest loss. Deforestation around urban centers is mainly due to urban agriculture due to population growth, as well as the spatial expansion of cities, which have a major impact on the stability and integrity of forests. Shifting agriculture is the main direct cause of deforestation and forest degradation, representing 48% of the total sample, followed by the collection of wood fuel (22%), the collection of construction wood (19%), illegal logging (6%) and urban expansion (5%). Forecasts indicate that forest loss around major cities will increase by 487, 20 ha to 5266, 73 ha by 2050 compared to the base year of 2019. This study highlights the need for a new system of land management and poverty alleviation of local populations to ensure the stability of the Congo Basin tropical forests around large and small African cities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271214)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3800700)+1 种基金Key Research Program of Gansu Province(Grant No.23ZDKA0004)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Grant No.21JR7RA281).
文摘The expansion of construction land on slopes in mountainous cities like Lanzhou has addressed the shortage of flat land but compromised slope stability,leading to uneven land subsidence and risks to infrastructure.This study assessed the land subsidence before and after urban expansion in five areas of Lanzhou by using slope spectrum construction method and gradient expansion intensity measurement that integrated with SBAS-InSAR technology.The results show that construction land on slopes over 20°increased significantly,accounting for 16%of new construction land.The average slope spectrum index was 4.02,with the upper slope limit rising by 8.2°.The land subsidence rate threshold increased by 10 mm/a,and the proportion of pixels experiencing subsidence greater than 5 mm/year rose from 3.63%to 5.24%.Increased construction intensity on slopes caused higher and faster subsidence,which diminished with greater distance from the expansion areas.Areas with slopes between 10°and 25°saw the greatest acceleration in subsidence.Geological composition,building density,groundwater exploitation,and cut-and-fill thickness collectively influence land subsidence rates.This study provides a scientific basis for mitigating geological disaster risks and promoting safe urban development in mountainous cities.
