Complex network modeling characterizes system relationships and structures,while network visualization enables intuitive analysis and interpretation of these patterns.However,existing network visualization tools exhib...Complex network modeling characterizes system relationships and structures,while network visualization enables intuitive analysis and interpretation of these patterns.However,existing network visualization tools exhibit significant limitations in representing attributes of complex networks at various scales,particularly failing to provide advanced visual representations of specific nodes and edges,community affiliation attribution,and global scalability.These limitations substantially impede the intuitive analysis and interpretation of complex network patterns through visual representation.To address these limitations,we propose SFFSlib,a multi-scale network visualization framework incorporating novel methods to highlight attribute representation in diverse network scenarios and optimize structural feature visualization.Notably,we have enhanced the visualization of pivotal details at different scales across diverse network scenarios.The visualization algorithms proposed within SFFSlib were applied to real-world datasets and benchmarked against conventional layout algorithms.The experimental results reveal that SFFSlib significantly enhances the clarity of visualizations across different scales,offering a practical solution for the advancement of network attribute representation and the overall enhancement of visualization quality.展开更多
In the new phase of sustainable development,agriculture is seeking sustainable management of the water-land-energy-economy-environment-food nexus.At present,there are few studies on optimizing crop planting structure ...In the new phase of sustainable development,agriculture is seeking sustainable management of the water-land-energy-economy-environment-food nexus.At present,there are few studies on optimizing crop planting structure and analyzing its spatial layout with consideration of natural and socio-economic factors.Herein,we proposed a framework for addressing this issue.In this framework,the NSGA-II algorithm was used to construct the multi-objective optimization model of crop planting structures with consideration of water and energy consumption,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,economic benefits,as well as food,land,and water security constraints,while the model for planting spatial layout optimization was established with consideration of crop suitability using the MaxEnt model and the improved Hungarian algorithm.This framework was further applied in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China(BSRNC)for analyzing optimized crop planting structures and spatial layouts of three main crops(rice,maize,and soybean)under various scenarios.This study showed that the sown area of rice in the BSRNC decreased by up to 40.73%and 35.30%in the environmental priority scenario and economic-environmental balance scenario,respectively,whereas that of soybean increased by up to 112.44%and 63.31%,respectively.In the economic priority scenario,the sown area of rice increased by up to 93.98%.Expanding the sown area of soybean was effective in reducing GHG emissions.On the contrary,rice production led to greater environmental costs though it provided higher economic returns.Among the three crops,maize exhibited an advantage in balancing environmental and economic benefits.Hegang-Jixi area in the northeast of the BSRNC was identified as the key area with the most intense crop planting transfer among different scenarios.Overall,this framework provides a new methodology for optimizing crop planting structures and spatial layouts with con-sideration of the nexus of various factors.Moreover,the case study demonstrates the applicability and expansion potential of the framework in the fields of sustainable agricultural development and food security assurance.展开更多
Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development.In relay cropping systems,crop layouts influence light distribution,affecting light use efficiency(LUE).However,the response of...Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development.In relay cropping systems,crop layouts influence light distribution,affecting light use efficiency(LUE).However,the response of light interception,light conversion,and LUE for relay maize and relay soybean to different crop layouts remains unclear.We aimed to quantify the effect of crop layout on intraspecific and interspecific competition,light interception,light conversion,LUE,and land productivity between relay maize and relay soybean.We conducted a field experiment for four consecutive years from 2017 to 2020 in Sichuan province,China,comparing different crop layouts(bandwidth 2.0 m,row ratio 2:2;bandwidth 2.4 m,row ratio 2:3;bandwidth 2.8 m,row ratio 2:4),with sole maize and sole soybean as controls.The results showed that relay maize in the 2.0 m bandwidth layout had the largest leaf area index and plant biomass,the lowest intraspecific competitive intensity and the highest aggressiveness.Compared to a bandwidth of 2.0 m,a bandwidth of 2.8 m significantly decreased relay maize leaf area index by 11%and plant biomass by 24%,while a 2.4 m bandwidth caused roughly half these reductions.The 2.0 m bandwidth layout also significantly improved crop light interception and LUE compared to sole maize.The light interception,light interception rate,light conversion rate and LUE in relay maize all decreased significantly with increasing bandwidth,but they increased in relay soybean.The increased light transmittance to the lower and middle canopy with increasing bandwidth did not compensate for the loss of relay maize yield caused by increased intraspecific competition.However,it enhanced the yield of relay soybeans.Increasing the bandwidth by 80 cm increased the relay maize intraspecific competition by 580%,and reduced maize yield by 33%,light interception by 12%,and LUE by 18%.In contrast,the relay soybean intraspecific competition was reduced by 64%,and the soybean yield was increased by 26%,light interception by 32%and LUE by 46%.Relay cropping systems with a 2.0 m bandwidth optimize the trade-off between light transmittance and intraspecific competition of relay crops.These systems achieve the highest LUE,group yield and economic benefits,making them a recommended crop layout for the southwest regions of China.Our study offers valuable insights for developing strip relay cropping systems that maximize light utilization and contributes to the theoretical understanding of efficient sunlight use in relay cropping practices.展开更多
Non-pillar mining,top-coal caving and protected coal seam mining are the most popular mining methods in coal exploitation,and the different mining layouts will change the stress state and failure mechanism of coal in ...Non-pillar mining,top-coal caving and protected coal seam mining are the most popular mining methods in coal exploitation,and the different mining layouts will change the stress state and failure mechanism of coal in front of the working face.In this paper,mining-induced mechanical behaviors under three mining layouts have been simulated in the laboratory to investigate the effects of mining layouts on the deformation and strength of coal.Furthermore,the coal failure mechanism under different mining layouts is analyzed microscopically.The experimental results indicate that the stage characteristics of the coal deformation are obvious.Under the serial action of non-pillar mining,top-coal caving and protected coal seam mining layouts,the values of radial deformation,volume strain and Poisson's ratio increase,while the peak strength and deformation modulus decrease at the same buried depth,and the peak strength under non-pillar mining,top-coal caving and protected coal seam mining is about 3.0,2.5 and 2.0 times of the initial confining pressure,respectively.The results also indicate that the trend of the coal deformation decreases with the increase of the buried depth under the same mining layout,while the strength and deformation modulus increase,and the failure mechanism under three mining layouts is dominated with shear/tensile failure.展开更多
Both nMOS and pMOS transistors with two-edged and multi-finger layouts are fabricated in a standard commercial 0.6μm CMOS/bulk process to study their total ionizing dose （TID） radiation effects. The leakage current...Both nMOS and pMOS transistors with two-edged and multi-finger layouts are fabricated in a standard commercial 0.6μm CMOS/bulk process to study their total ionizing dose （TID） radiation effects. The leakage current, threshold voltage shift, and transconductance of the devices are monitored before and after T-ray irradiation. Different device bias conditions are used during irradiation. The experiment results show that TID radiation effects on nMOS devices are very sensitive to their layout structures. The impact of the layout on TID effects on pMOS devices is slight and can be neglected.展开更多
In this study, the spatial distributions of stress and fracture fields for three typical underground coal mining layouts, Le, non-pillar mining （NM）, top-coal caving mining （TCM） and protective coal-seam mining （...In this study, the spatial distributions of stress and fracture fields for three typical underground coal mining layouts, Le, non-pillar mining （NM）, top-coal caving mining （TCM） and protective coal-seam mining （PCM）, are modeled using discrete element software UDEC, The numerical results show that different mining layouts can lead to different mining-induced stress fields, resulting in diverse fracture fields, For the PCM, the mining influenced area in front of the mining faces is the largest, and the stress concentration factor in front of the mining faces is the lowest, The spatial shapes of the mining-induced fracture fields under NM, TCM and PCM differ, and they are characterized by trapezoidal, triangular and tower shapes, respectively, The fractal dimensions of mining-induced fractures of the three mining layouts decrease in the order of PCM, TCM and NM, It is also shown that the PCM can result in a better gas control effect in coal mines with high outburst potential, The numerical results are expected to provide a basis for understanding of mining-induced gas seepage fields and provide a reference for high- efficiency coal mining,展开更多
On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials...On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials, merchants and literati) for example, analyzed functional features and layouts of the gardens, explored artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of the local residential gardens, so as to provide references for the conservation and construction of historic and cultural cities, design and expression of modern urban livable spaces.展开更多
It is very important to consider proper intelligent integration and locations of renewable energy sources into the built environment for developing smart cities. Wind speed distribution study in the built environment ...It is very important to consider proper intelligent integration and locations of renewable energy sources into the built environment for developing smart cities. Wind speed distribution study in the built environment is very essential for analyzing the wind turbine performance located in the built environment. In this work, the building layout like nozzle is proposed and the objective is to optimize the building layout for increasing electrical energy output of wind turbine, assumed to be installed in actual cities of Japan. The wind speed distribution across buildings is numerically simulated by using CFD-ACE+. Wind turbine power output is estimated using the power curve of a real commercial wind turbine and wind speed distribution is simulated using CFD software. The meteorological data of Fukushima city and Tsu city of Japan are utilized for evaluating the wind speed distribution profile across the building and for finding the electrical energy output from wind turbine. The proposed building models, which have the angle between two buildings like nozzle of 90°, 135° and 180°, can provide the wind acceleration at the back of buildings for the wind blowing from the main wind direction and the angle of 135°is optimum building layout. In the case of installing the proposed building model in Fukushima city and Tsu city, the wind energy output in winter season is higher while that in summer season is lower irrespective of the buildings’ angle. The interaction between the change in frequency distribution of wind speed and direction throughout the year and the location of open tip of building model decides the power generation characteristics of the proposed building model.展开更多
A 2%scale,cruising version of a 450-seat class Blended-Wing-Body(BWB)transport was tested in the China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center’s FL-262.4-by-2.4-meter subsonic wind tunnel.The focus of the wind tu...A 2%scale,cruising version of a 450-seat class Blended-Wing-Body(BWB)transport was tested in the China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center’s FL-262.4-by-2.4-meter subsonic wind tunnel.The focus of the wind tunnel test was to investigate the aerodynamic performance of the latest BWB transport design,which would also aid in choosing a final engine arrangement in the three most potential engine integration layouts.The wind tunnel model can be tested with and without the nacelle and has three sets of different nacelle/tail integration positions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations were performed in engine-aircraft integration design to find appropriate nacelle installing parameters of each layout.The comparison of CFD with experimental results shows good agreement.Wind tunnel measurements indicate that the tail-mounted engine layout produces the minimum drag penalty,while the fuselage-mounted engine layout increases drag the most.Experimental pressure measurement illustrates the effect of nacelle integration on the wing-body surface pressure distribution.This experimental and numerical research provides a reference for future BWB Propulsion-Airframe Integration(PAI)design.展开更多
High-speed locomotives are prone to carbody or bogie hunting when the wheel-rail contact conicity is excessively low or high.This can cause negative impacts on vehicle dynamics performance.This study presents four typ...High-speed locomotives are prone to carbody or bogie hunting when the wheel-rail contact conicity is excessively low or high.This can cause negative impacts on vehicle dynamics performance.This study presents four types of typical yaw damper layouts for a high-speed locomotive(Bo-Bo)and compares,by using the multi-objective optimization method,the influences of those layouts on the lateral dynamics performance of the locomotive;the linear stability indexes under lowconicity and high-conicity conditions are selected as optimization objectives.Furthermore,the radial basis function-based highdimensional model representation(RBF-HDMR)method is used to conduct a global sensitivity analysis(GSA)between key suspension parameters and the lateral dynamics performance of the locomotive,including the lateral ride comfort on straight tracks under the low-conicity condition,and also the operational safety on curved tracks.It is concluded that the layout of yaw dampers has a considerable impact on low-conicity stability and lateral ride comfort but has little influence on curving performance.There is also an important finding that only when the locomotive adopts the layout with opening outward,the difference in lateral ride comfort between the front and rear ends of the carbody can be eliminated by adjusting the lateral installation angle of the yaw dampers.Finally,force analysis and modal analysis methods are adopted to explain the influence mechanism of yaw damper layouts on the lateral stability and differences in lateral ride comfort between the front and rear ends of the carbody.展开更多
With the increasing demands of health care,the design of hospital buildings has become increasingly demanding and complicated.However,the traditional layout design method for hospital is labor intensive,time consuming...With the increasing demands of health care,the design of hospital buildings has become increasingly demanding and complicated.However,the traditional layout design method for hospital is labor intensive,time consuming and prone to errors.With the development of artificial intelligence(AI),the intelligent design method has become possible and is considered to be suitable for the layout design of hospital buildings.Two intelli-gent design processes based on healthcare systematic layout planning(HSLP)and generative adversarial network(GAN)are proposed in this paper,which aim to solve the generation problem of the plane functional layout of the operating departments(ODs)of general hospitals.The first design method that is more like a mathemati-cal model with traditional optimization algorithm concerns the following two steps:developing the HSLP model based on the conventional systematic layout planning(SLP)theory,identifying the relationship and flows amongst various departments/units,and arriving at the preliminary plane layout design;establishing mathematical model to optimize the building layout by using the genetic algorithm(GA)to obtain the optimized scheme.The specific process of the second intelligent design based on more than 100 sets of collected OD drawings includes:labelling the corresponding functional layouts of each OD plan;building image-to-image translation with conditional ad-versarial network(pix2pix)for training OD plane layouts,which is one of the most representative GAN models.Finally,the functions and features of the results generated by the two methods are analyzed and compared from an architectural and algorithmic perspective.Comparison of the two design methods shows that the HSLP and GAN models can autonomously generate new OD plane functional layouts.The HSLP layouts have clear functional area adjacencies and optimization goals,but the layouts are relatively rigid and not specific enough.The GAN outputs are the most innovative layouts with strong applicability,but the dataset has strict constraints.The goal of this paper is to help release the heavy load of architects in the early design stage and present the effectiveness of these intelligent design methods in the field of medical architecture.展开更多
Taizhou is an economically-developed port city on the golden coastline of China, characterized by typical coastal and combined green cores, mountains and waters, and special plants. This paper analyzed natural conditi...Taizhou is an economically-developed port city on the golden coastline of China, characterized by typical coastal and combined green cores, mountains and waters, and special plants. This paper analyzed natural conditions and city features of Taizhou, assessed current construction of local urban forests, and proposed pertinent construction concepts in view of diversifi ed needs of urban development on forest construction. On the basis of the city development, principles of urban forest layout were put forward, and the overall structure of "one core, one belt, two rings, three corridors, four groups, fi ve windows, and multiple bases" was given for the construction of urban forest in coastal landscape cities, in addition, the effect and feasibility of the layout were analyzed.展开更多
A spillway aerator should guarantee favorable flow conditions in the coupled water-air system even if the aerator is unconventionally wide. Eight air-vent configurations are devised and incorporated into a 35-m wide c...A spillway aerator should guarantee favorable flow conditions in the coupled water-air system even if the aerator is unconventionally wide. Eight air-vent configurations are devised and incorporated into a 35-m wide chute aerator for a generalized study. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations are performed to explore their effects on water-jet and air-cavity features. The Re-normalisation group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model and the two-fluid model are combined to predict the two-phase flow field. The results demonstrate appreciable influences of the vent layouts on the water-air flow. The air vents stir the air motion and re-distribute the cavity air pressure. Once the vent layout is modified, reciprocal adjustments exist between the jet behavior and air-pressure field in the cavity, thus leading to considerable differences in air-flow rate, jet-trajectory length, vent air-flow distribution across the chute, etc. The large width plays a discernable role in affecting the aerated flow. Telling differences exist between the near-wall region and the central part of the chute. To improve the duct pressure propagation, a gradual augment of the vent area should be assigned towards the chute center. Relative to single-slot vents across the flow, the layouts with segregated vents gain by comparison. A designer should see to it that a vented aerator operates satisfactorily for a given range of flow discharges.展开更多
Since Maglev vehicles will run in a closed vacuum tube,the layout of the terminal stations of evacuated tube transportation（ETT） will differ from the traditional railway stations.This paper deals with some possible ...Since Maglev vehicles will run in a closed vacuum tube,the layout of the terminal stations of evacuated tube transportation（ETT） will differ from the traditional railway stations.This paper deals with some possible station layouts of ETT,e.g.,a station with an airlock,a station without an airlock,above ground and underground stations,and stations with either level arrayed or rotation platforms.Then different station layouts are compared,and characteristics of each are analyzed.Finally,a more secure mode for ETT station layouts is suggested,which can be the basis for future ETT station layout and designs.展开更多
With the widespread adoption of automated guided vehicle(AGV)systems for material handling in manufacturing plants,it has become practical and crucial to delve into the layout problem associated with AGV systems.In th...With the widespread adoption of automated guided vehicle(AGV)systems for material handling in manufacturing plants,it has become practical and crucial to delve into the layout problem associated with AGV systems.In this work,we focus on a unique layout problem encountered in a hybrid workshop where AGV systems are employed for transporting semiproducts along the manufacturing line.Several distinctive features in this system contribute to the challenge of the problem.Notably,manufacturing occurs in an uncertain environment,and certain manufacturing cells may produce semiproducts that do not meet quality standards,necessitating repair.Additionally,each AGV requires recharging in a designated area within the workshop.Given that the proposed layout problem is NP-hard,we present an intelligence variable neighborhood search heuristic integrated with a constraint relaxation strategy to address its complexity.The numerical results demonstrate the algorithm's ability to generate high-quality solutions within a reasonable timeframe,even for large-scale test instances.The layout solutions obtained through our algorithm outperform those produced by the CPLEX solver and the practical layouts devised by the company.This highlights the efficacy of our approach in tackling the unique challenges posed by the layout problem in a hybrid workshop with an AGV system.展开更多
To address the complex spatiotemporal characteristics of impeller axial clearance leakage flow in a liquid-ring vacuum pump,plasma actuation with radial centripetal,circumferential reverse,and counter discharge layout...To address the complex spatiotemporal characteristics of impeller axial clearance leakage flow in a liquid-ring vacuum pump,plasma actuation with radial centripetal,circumferential reverse,and counter discharge layout types was designed to control the leakage flow.The regulation effects and interference mechanisms of plasma actuation on clearance leakage flow were explored.The results show that under plasma flow control of the three layout types,the vacuum degree of the pump changes not obviously,but the shaft power is reduced and the efficiency is improved to a certain extent.Among them,the circumferential reverse has a more obvious control effect on the hydraulic performance of the pump and has more advantages in controlling the medium-and high-intensity leakage flow in the compression zone,while the radial centripetal has a more effective control effect on the low-intensity leakage flow in the transition zone.All three layout types of plasma actuation can effectively weaken the medium-intensity leakage flow near the beginning of the compression zone,but their suppression effect on the high-intensity leakage flow near the end of the compression zone is weak.Due to the weak leakage in the transition region,the plasma actuation induced airflow and low-intensity leakage flow are coupled with each other,which will further aggravate the complexity and variability of the flow in the clearance.For unsteady clearance leakage flow,the circumferential reverse has a more stable control effect.About the control of medium-intensity leakage flow,the radial centripetal plasma actuation effect is better than the circumferential reverse.The research results can provide theoretical and methodological references for the performance optimization of liquid-ring vacuum pumps.展开更多
The rapid expansion of offshore wind energy necessitates robust and cost-effective electrical collector system(ECS)designs that prioritize lifetime operational reliability.Traditional optimization approaches often sim...The rapid expansion of offshore wind energy necessitates robust and cost-effective electrical collector system(ECS)designs that prioritize lifetime operational reliability.Traditional optimization approaches often simplify reliability considerations or fail to holistically integrate them with economic and technical constraints.This paper introduces a novel,two-stage optimization framework for offshore wind farm(OWF)ECS planning that systematically incorporates reliability.The first stage employs Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)to determine an optimal radial network topology,considering linearized reliability approximations and geographical constraints.The second stage enhances this design by strategically placing tie-lines using a Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Program(MIQCP).This stage leverages a dynamic-aware adaptation of Multi-Source Multi-Terminal Network Reliability(MSMT-NR)assessment,with its inherent nonlinear equations successfully transformed into a solvable MIQCP form for loopy networks.A benchmark case study demonstrates the framework’s efficacy,illustrating how increasing the emphasis on reliability leads to more distributed and interconnected network topologies,effectively balancing investment costs against enhanced system resilience.展开更多
Subways,underground logistics systems and underground parking,as the primary facilities types of underground,contribute significantly to the achievement of carbon–neutral cities by moving surface transportation to un...Subways,underground logistics systems and underground parking,as the primary facilities types of underground,contribute significantly to the achievement of carbon–neutral cities by moving surface transportation to underground,thereby releasing surface space for the creation of more urban blue-green space for carbon sink.Therefore,in-depth studies on carbon neutrality strategies as well as reliable layout optimization solutions of these three types of underground facilities are required.This study proposes a spatial layout optimization strategy for carbon neutrality using underground hydrogen storage and geothermal energy for these three types of underground facilities employing a multi-agent system model.First,three spatial layout relationships,competition,coordination,and followership,between five underground facilities that contribute to emission reduction were investigated.Second,the implementation steps for optimizing the spatial layout of underground facilities were determined by defining the behavioral guidelines for spatial environment,underground facility,and synergistic agent.Finally,using the Tianfu New District in Chengdu City,China,as a case study,layouts of underground facilities under three different underground space development scenarios were simulated to verify the model.The findings of this study address the gap in the research on underground spatial facilities and their layout optimization in response to emission reduction.This study provided a significant reference for the study of underground space and underground resources at the planning level to aid in achieving carbon–neutral cities.展开更多
This paper applies the meshfree Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） method with Graphical Processing Unit （GPU） parallel computing technique to investigate the highly complex 3-D dam-break flow in urban areas in...This paper applies the meshfree Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） method with Graphical Processing Unit （GPU） parallel computing technique to investigate the highly complex 3-D dam-break flow in urban areas including underground spaces. Taking the advantage of GPUs parallel computing techniques, simulations involving more than 107 particles can be achieved. We use a virtual geometric plane boundary to handle the outermost solid wall in order to save considerable video card memory for the GPU computing. To evaluate the accuracy of the new GPU-based SPH model, qualitative and quantitative comparison to a real flooding experiment is performed and the results of a numerical model based on Shallow Water Equations （SWEs） is given with good accuracy. With the new GPU-based SPH model, the effects of the building layouts and underground spaces on the propagation of dambreak flood through an intricate city layout are examined.展开更多
This study focuses on the deepening paths of ideological and political construction of professional courses in higher vocational colleges,taking the layout design course of the digital media technology major as the re...This study focuses on the deepening paths of ideological and political construction of professional courses in higher vocational colleges,taking the layout design course of the digital media technology major as the research object,and explores the integration mechanism of excellent traditional Chinese culture and professional teaching.The curriculum’s ideological and political reform is advanced through three major measures:Reconstructing the role of teachers,innovating teaching methods,and building a cultural infiltration system.Combined with the three-dimensional assessment mechanism of“professional+culture+value”and the transformation of teaching achievements into competitions,it breaks through the limitations of traditional skill training and systematically solves the problems of formalization tendency and insufficient value guidance existing in the practice of curriculum ideology and politics.It responds to the era proposition of“promoting the creative transformation of excellent traditional Chinese culture,”and provides an operable solution for higher vocational colleges to break the predicament of“emphasizing skills while neglecting culture.”展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61773091 and 62476045)the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1807106)the Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams of Higher Learning Institutions of Liaoning(Grant No.LR2016070).
文摘Complex network modeling characterizes system relationships and structures,while network visualization enables intuitive analysis and interpretation of these patterns.However,existing network visualization tools exhibit significant limitations in representing attributes of complex networks at various scales,particularly failing to provide advanced visual representations of specific nodes and edges,community affiliation attribution,and global scalability.These limitations substantially impede the intuitive analysis and interpretation of complex network patterns through visual representation.To address these limitations,we propose SFFSlib,a multi-scale network visualization framework incorporating novel methods to highlight attribute representation in diverse network scenarios and optimize structural feature visualization.Notably,we have enhanced the visualization of pivotal details at different scales across diverse network scenarios.The visualization algorithms proposed within SFFSlib were applied to real-world datasets and benchmarked against conventional layout algorithms.The experimental results reveal that SFFSlib significantly enhances the clarity of visualizations across different scales,offering a practical solution for the advancement of network attribute representation and the overall enhancement of visualization quality.
基金funded by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72221002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28060200)National Natural Science Foundation of Youth Project(Grant No.72303087).
文摘In the new phase of sustainable development,agriculture is seeking sustainable management of the water-land-energy-economy-environment-food nexus.At present,there are few studies on optimizing crop planting structure and analyzing its spatial layout with consideration of natural and socio-economic factors.Herein,we proposed a framework for addressing this issue.In this framework,the NSGA-II algorithm was used to construct the multi-objective optimization model of crop planting structures with consideration of water and energy consumption,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,economic benefits,as well as food,land,and water security constraints,while the model for planting spatial layout optimization was established with consideration of crop suitability using the MaxEnt model and the improved Hungarian algorithm.This framework was further applied in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China(BSRNC)for analyzing optimized crop planting structures and spatial layouts of three main crops(rice,maize,and soybean)under various scenarios.This study showed that the sown area of rice in the BSRNC decreased by up to 40.73%and 35.30%in the environmental priority scenario and economic-environmental balance scenario,respectively,whereas that of soybean increased by up to 112.44%and 63.31%,respectively.In the economic priority scenario,the sown area of rice increased by up to 93.98%.Expanding the sown area of soybean was effective in reducing GHG emissions.On the contrary,rice production led to greater environmental costs though it provided higher economic returns.Among the three crops,maize exhibited an advantage in balancing environmental and economic benefits.Hegang-Jixi area in the northeast of the BSRNC was identified as the key area with the most intense crop planting transfer among different scenarios.Overall,this framework provides a new methodology for optimizing crop planting structures and spatial layouts with con-sideration of the nexus of various factors.Moreover,the case study demonstrates the applicability and expansion potential of the framework in the fields of sustainable agricultural development and food security assurance.
基金supported by the Annual Water and Fertilizer Efficient Utilization and Regulation Technology Research (2022YFD2300902-02)Key Cultivation Technology Innovation and Application of New Maize varieties (2021YFYZ0005)+1 种基金Soybean Maize Strip Mixed Cropping Planting Technology and Application in Tianfu New Area (XZY1-03)Soybean Green Increase Production and Efficiency Technology Integration and Demonstration in Meigu County (2022YFD1100203).
文摘Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development.In relay cropping systems,crop layouts influence light distribution,affecting light use efficiency(LUE).However,the response of light interception,light conversion,and LUE for relay maize and relay soybean to different crop layouts remains unclear.We aimed to quantify the effect of crop layout on intraspecific and interspecific competition,light interception,light conversion,LUE,and land productivity between relay maize and relay soybean.We conducted a field experiment for four consecutive years from 2017 to 2020 in Sichuan province,China,comparing different crop layouts(bandwidth 2.0 m,row ratio 2:2;bandwidth 2.4 m,row ratio 2:3;bandwidth 2.8 m,row ratio 2:4),with sole maize and sole soybean as controls.The results showed that relay maize in the 2.0 m bandwidth layout had the largest leaf area index and plant biomass,the lowest intraspecific competitive intensity and the highest aggressiveness.Compared to a bandwidth of 2.0 m,a bandwidth of 2.8 m significantly decreased relay maize leaf area index by 11%and plant biomass by 24%,while a 2.4 m bandwidth caused roughly half these reductions.The 2.0 m bandwidth layout also significantly improved crop light interception and LUE compared to sole maize.The light interception,light interception rate,light conversion rate and LUE in relay maize all decreased significantly with increasing bandwidth,but they increased in relay soybean.The increased light transmittance to the lower and middle canopy with increasing bandwidth did not compensate for the loss of relay maize yield caused by increased intraspecific competition.However,it enhanced the yield of relay soybeans.Increasing the bandwidth by 80 cm increased the relay maize intraspecific competition by 580%,and reduced maize yield by 33%,light interception by 12%,and LUE by 18%.In contrast,the relay soybean intraspecific competition was reduced by 64%,and the soybean yield was increased by 26%,light interception by 32%and LUE by 46%.Relay cropping systems with a 2.0 m bandwidth optimize the trade-off between light transmittance and intraspecific competition of relay crops.These systems achieve the highest LUE,group yield and economic benefits,making them a recommended crop layout for the southwest regions of China.Our study offers valuable insights for developing strip relay cropping systems that maximize light utilization and contributes to the theoretical understanding of efficient sunlight use in relay cropping practices.
基金funded by the State Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB201201)the National Key TechnologyR&D Program(No.2008BAB36B07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51134018 and 50674092)
文摘Non-pillar mining,top-coal caving and protected coal seam mining are the most popular mining methods in coal exploitation,and the different mining layouts will change the stress state and failure mechanism of coal in front of the working face.In this paper,mining-induced mechanical behaviors under three mining layouts have been simulated in the laboratory to investigate the effects of mining layouts on the deformation and strength of coal.Furthermore,the coal failure mechanism under different mining layouts is analyzed microscopically.The experimental results indicate that the stage characteristics of the coal deformation are obvious.Under the serial action of non-pillar mining,top-coal caving and protected coal seam mining layouts,the values of radial deformation,volume strain and Poisson's ratio increase,while the peak strength and deformation modulus decrease at the same buried depth,and the peak strength under non-pillar mining,top-coal caving and protected coal seam mining is about 3.0,2.5 and 2.0 times of the initial confining pressure,respectively.The results also indicate that the trend of the coal deformation decreases with the increase of the buried depth under the same mining layout,while the strength and deformation modulus increase,and the failure mechanism under three mining layouts is dominated with shear/tensile failure.
文摘Both nMOS and pMOS transistors with two-edged and multi-finger layouts are fabricated in a standard commercial 0.6μm CMOS/bulk process to study their total ionizing dose （TID） radiation effects. The leakage current, threshold voltage shift, and transconductance of the devices are monitored before and after T-ray irradiation. Different device bias conditions are used during irradiation. The experiment results show that TID radiation effects on nMOS devices are very sensitive to their layout structures. The impact of the layout on TID effects on pMOS devices is slight and can be neglected.
基金financially supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51674170)
文摘In this study, the spatial distributions of stress and fracture fields for three typical underground coal mining layouts, Le, non-pillar mining （NM）, top-coal caving mining （TCM） and protective coal-seam mining （PCM）, are modeled using discrete element software UDEC, The numerical results show that different mining layouts can lead to different mining-induced stress fields, resulting in diverse fracture fields, For the PCM, the mining influenced area in front of the mining faces is the largest, and the stress concentration factor in front of the mining faces is the lowest, The spatial shapes of the mining-induced fracture fields under NM, TCM and PCM differ, and they are characterized by trapezoidal, triangular and tower shapes, respectively, The fractal dimensions of mining-induced fractures of the three mining layouts decrease in the order of PCM, TCM and NM, It is also shown that the PCM can result in a better gas control effect in coal mines with high outburst potential, The numerical results are expected to provide a basis for understanding of mining-induced gas seepage fields and provide a reference for high- efficiency coal mining,
基金Sponsored by"Project Blue"Academic Leader Fund of Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute
文摘On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials, merchants and literati) for example, analyzed functional features and layouts of the gardens, explored artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of the local residential gardens, so as to provide references for the conservation and construction of historic and cultural cities, design and expression of modern urban livable spaces.
文摘It is very important to consider proper intelligent integration and locations of renewable energy sources into the built environment for developing smart cities. Wind speed distribution study in the built environment is very essential for analyzing the wind turbine performance located in the built environment. In this work, the building layout like nozzle is proposed and the objective is to optimize the building layout for increasing electrical energy output of wind turbine, assumed to be installed in actual cities of Japan. The wind speed distribution across buildings is numerically simulated by using CFD-ACE+. Wind turbine power output is estimated using the power curve of a real commercial wind turbine and wind speed distribution is simulated using CFD software. The meteorological data of Fukushima city and Tsu city of Japan are utilized for evaluating the wind speed distribution profile across the building and for finding the electrical energy output from wind turbine. The proposed building models, which have the angle between two buildings like nozzle of 90°, 135° and 180°, can provide the wind acceleration at the back of buildings for the wind blowing from the main wind direction and the angle of 135°is optimum building layout. In the case of installing the proposed building model in Fukushima city and Tsu city, the wind energy output in winter season is higher while that in summer season is lower irrespective of the buildings’ angle. The interaction between the change in frequency distribution of wind speed and direction throughout the year and the location of open tip of building model decides the power generation characteristics of the proposed building model.
基金This study was co-supported by the Beijing Key Laboratory of Simulation Technology for Civil Aircraft Design,China(No.11WX08)Innovation Foundation of COMAC Beijing Aircraft Technology Research Institute,China(No.Y16QT01).
文摘A 2%scale,cruising version of a 450-seat class Blended-Wing-Body(BWB)transport was tested in the China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center’s FL-262.4-by-2.4-meter subsonic wind tunnel.The focus of the wind tunnel test was to investigate the aerodynamic performance of the latest BWB transport design,which would also aid in choosing a final engine arrangement in the three most potential engine integration layouts.The wind tunnel model can be tested with and without the nacelle and has three sets of different nacelle/tail integration positions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations were performed in engine-aircraft integration design to find appropriate nacelle installing parameters of each layout.The comparison of CFD with experimental results shows good agreement.Wind tunnel measurements indicate that the tail-mounted engine layout produces the minimum drag penalty,while the fuselage-mounted engine layout increases drag the most.Experimental pressure measurement illustrates the effect of nacelle integration on the wing-body surface pressure distribution.This experimental and numerical research provides a reference for future BWB Propulsion-Airframe Integration(PAI)design.
基金supported by the National Railway Group Science and Technology Program(Nos.N2020J026 and N2021J028)the Independent Research and Development Project of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,China(No.2022TPL_Q02)。
文摘High-speed locomotives are prone to carbody or bogie hunting when the wheel-rail contact conicity is excessively low or high.This can cause negative impacts on vehicle dynamics performance.This study presents four types of typical yaw damper layouts for a high-speed locomotive(Bo-Bo)and compares,by using the multi-objective optimization method,the influences of those layouts on the lateral dynamics performance of the locomotive;the linear stability indexes under lowconicity and high-conicity conditions are selected as optimization objectives.Furthermore,the radial basis function-based highdimensional model representation(RBF-HDMR)method is used to conduct a global sensitivity analysis(GSA)between key suspension parameters and the lateral dynamics performance of the locomotive,including the lateral ride comfort on straight tracks under the low-conicity condition,and also the operational safety on curved tracks.It is concluded that the layout of yaw dampers has a considerable impact on low-conicity stability and lateral ride comfort but has little influence on curving performance.There is also an important finding that only when the locomotive adopts the layout with opening outward,the difference in lateral ride comfort between the front and rear ends of the carbody can be eliminated by adjusting the lateral installation angle of the yaw dampers.Finally,force analysis and modal analysis methods are adopted to explain the influence mechanism of yaw damper layouts on the lateral stability and differences in lateral ride comfort between the front and rear ends of the carbody.
基金the Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.18DZ1205603)the Science Research Plan of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee(No.20DZ1201300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0806100)。
文摘With the increasing demands of health care,the design of hospital buildings has become increasingly demanding and complicated.However,the traditional layout design method for hospital is labor intensive,time consuming and prone to errors.With the development of artificial intelligence(AI),the intelligent design method has become possible and is considered to be suitable for the layout design of hospital buildings.Two intelli-gent design processes based on healthcare systematic layout planning(HSLP)and generative adversarial network(GAN)are proposed in this paper,which aim to solve the generation problem of the plane functional layout of the operating departments(ODs)of general hospitals.The first design method that is more like a mathemati-cal model with traditional optimization algorithm concerns the following two steps:developing the HSLP model based on the conventional systematic layout planning(SLP)theory,identifying the relationship and flows amongst various departments/units,and arriving at the preliminary plane layout design;establishing mathematical model to optimize the building layout by using the genetic algorithm(GA)to obtain the optimized scheme.The specific process of the second intelligent design based on more than 100 sets of collected OD drawings includes:labelling the corresponding functional layouts of each OD plan;building image-to-image translation with conditional ad-versarial network(pix2pix)for training OD plane layouts,which is one of the most representative GAN models.Finally,the functions and features of the results generated by the two methods are analyzed and compared from an architectural and algorithmic perspective.Comparison of the two design methods shows that the HSLP and GAN models can autonomously generate new OD plane functional layouts.The HSLP layouts have clear functional area adjacencies and optimization goals,but the layouts are relatively rigid and not specific enough.The GAN outputs are the most innovative layouts with strong applicability,but the dataset has strict constraints.The goal of this paper is to help release the heavy load of architects in the early design stage and present the effectiveness of these intelligent design methods in the field of medical architecture.
文摘Taizhou is an economically-developed port city on the golden coastline of China, characterized by typical coastal and combined green cores, mountains and waters, and special plants. This paper analyzed natural conditions and city features of Taizhou, assessed current construction of local urban forests, and proposed pertinent construction concepts in view of diversifi ed needs of urban development on forest construction. On the basis of the city development, principles of urban forest layout were put forward, and the overall structure of "one core, one belt, two rings, three corridors, four groups, fi ve windows, and multiple bases" was given for the construction of urban forest in coastal landscape cities, in addition, the effect and feasibility of the layout were analyzed.
基金part of research project "Hydraulic design of spillway aerators"funded in part by Swedish Hydropower Centre(SVC)+2 种基金Vattenfall R&DFortum GenerationUniper/Sweco have indirectly facilitated the study
文摘A spillway aerator should guarantee favorable flow conditions in the coupled water-air system even if the aerator is unconventionally wide. Eight air-vent configurations are devised and incorporated into a 35-m wide chute aerator for a generalized study. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations are performed to explore their effects on water-jet and air-cavity features. The Re-normalisation group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model and the two-fluid model are combined to predict the two-phase flow field. The results demonstrate appreciable influences of the vent layouts on the water-air flow. The air vents stir the air motion and re-distribute the cavity air pressure. Once the vent layout is modified, reciprocal adjustments exist between the jet behavior and air-pressure field in the cavity, thus leading to considerable differences in air-flow rate, jet-trajectory length, vent air-flow distribution across the chute, etc. The large width plays a discernable role in affecting the aerated flow. Telling differences exist between the near-wall region and the central part of the chute. To improve the duct pressure propagation, a gradual augment of the vent area should be assigned towards the chute center. Relative to single-slot vents across the flow, the layouts with segregated vents gain by comparison. A designer should see to it that a vented aerator operates satisfactorily for a given range of flow discharges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50678152)the Scientific Plan Fund of Shaanxi Province (No.2009K09-24)
文摘Since Maglev vehicles will run in a closed vacuum tube,the layout of the terminal stations of evacuated tube transportation（ETT） will differ from the traditional railway stations.This paper deals with some possible station layouts of ETT,e.g.,a station with an airlock,a station without an airlock,above ground and underground stations,and stations with either level arrayed or rotation platforms.Then different station layouts are compared,and characteristics of each are analyzed.Finally,a more secure mode for ETT station layouts is suggested,which can be the basis for future ETT station layout and designs.
文摘With the widespread adoption of automated guided vehicle(AGV)systems for material handling in manufacturing plants,it has become practical and crucial to delve into the layout problem associated with AGV systems.In this work,we focus on a unique layout problem encountered in a hybrid workshop where AGV systems are employed for transporting semiproducts along the manufacturing line.Several distinctive features in this system contribute to the challenge of the problem.Notably,manufacturing occurs in an uncertain environment,and certain manufacturing cells may produce semiproducts that do not meet quality standards,necessitating repair.Additionally,each AGV requires recharging in a designated area within the workshop.Given that the proposed layout problem is NP-hard,we present an intelligence variable neighborhood search heuristic integrated with a constraint relaxation strategy to address its complexity.The numerical results demonstrate the algorithm's ability to generate high-quality solutions within a reasonable timeframe,even for large-scale test instances.The layout solutions obtained through our algorithm outperform those produced by the CPLEX solver and the practical layouts devised by the company.This highlights the efficacy of our approach in tackling the unique challenges posed by the layout problem in a hybrid workshop with an AGV system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 52269021)the Red Willow Excellent Youth Project of Lanzhou University of Technologythe Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(23ZYQA0320)。
文摘To address the complex spatiotemporal characteristics of impeller axial clearance leakage flow in a liquid-ring vacuum pump,plasma actuation with radial centripetal,circumferential reverse,and counter discharge layout types was designed to control the leakage flow.The regulation effects and interference mechanisms of plasma actuation on clearance leakage flow were explored.The results show that under plasma flow control of the three layout types,the vacuum degree of the pump changes not obviously,but the shaft power is reduced and the efficiency is improved to a certain extent.Among them,the circumferential reverse has a more obvious control effect on the hydraulic performance of the pump and has more advantages in controlling the medium-and high-intensity leakage flow in the compression zone,while the radial centripetal has a more effective control effect on the low-intensity leakage flow in the transition zone.All three layout types of plasma actuation can effectively weaken the medium-intensity leakage flow near the beginning of the compression zone,but their suppression effect on the high-intensity leakage flow near the end of the compression zone is weak.Due to the weak leakage in the transition region,the plasma actuation induced airflow and low-intensity leakage flow are coupled with each other,which will further aggravate the complexity and variability of the flow in the clearance.For unsteady clearance leakage flow,the circumferential reverse has a more stable control effect.About the control of medium-intensity leakage flow,the radial centripetal plasma actuation effect is better than the circumferential reverse.The research results can provide theoretical and methodological references for the performance optimization of liquid-ring vacuum pumps.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of China South Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,Grant Nos.036000KK52222044,GDKJXM20222430。
文摘The rapid expansion of offshore wind energy necessitates robust and cost-effective electrical collector system(ECS)designs that prioritize lifetime operational reliability.Traditional optimization approaches often simplify reliability considerations or fail to holistically integrate them with economic and technical constraints.This paper introduces a novel,two-stage optimization framework for offshore wind farm(OWF)ECS planning that systematically incorporates reliability.The first stage employs Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)to determine an optimal radial network topology,considering linearized reliability approximations and geographical constraints.The second stage enhances this design by strategically placing tie-lines using a Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Program(MIQCP).This stage leverages a dynamic-aware adaptation of Multi-Source Multi-Terminal Network Reliability(MSMT-NR)assessment,with its inherent nonlinear equations successfully transformed into a solvable MIQCP form for loopy networks.A benchmark case study demonstrates the framework’s efficacy,illustrating how increasing the emphasis on reliability leads to more distributed and interconnected network topologies,effectively balancing investment costs against enhanced system resilience.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378083 and 52078481)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20231488).
文摘Subways,underground logistics systems and underground parking,as the primary facilities types of underground,contribute significantly to the achievement of carbon–neutral cities by moving surface transportation to underground,thereby releasing surface space for the creation of more urban blue-green space for carbon sink.Therefore,in-depth studies on carbon neutrality strategies as well as reliable layout optimization solutions of these three types of underground facilities are required.This study proposes a spatial layout optimization strategy for carbon neutrality using underground hydrogen storage and geothermal energy for these three types of underground facilities employing a multi-agent system model.First,three spatial layout relationships,competition,coordination,and followership,between five underground facilities that contribute to emission reduction were investigated.Second,the implementation steps for optimizing the spatial layout of underground facilities were determined by defining the behavioral guidelines for spatial environment,underground facility,and synergistic agent.Finally,using the Tianfu New District in Chengdu City,China,as a case study,layouts of underground facilities under three different underground space development scenarios were simulated to verify the model.The findings of this study address the gap in the research on underground spatial facilities and their layout optimization in response to emission reduction.This study provided a significant reference for the study of underground space and underground resources at the planning level to aid in achieving carbon–neutral cities.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program,No.2012CB719705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91024032,70833003)
文摘This paper applies the meshfree Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） method with Graphical Processing Unit （GPU） parallel computing technique to investigate the highly complex 3-D dam-break flow in urban areas including underground spaces. Taking the advantage of GPUs parallel computing techniques, simulations involving more than 107 particles can be achieved. We use a virtual geometric plane boundary to handle the outermost solid wall in order to save considerable video card memory for the GPU computing. To evaluate the accuracy of the new GPU-based SPH model, qualitative and quantitative comparison to a real flooding experiment is performed and the results of a numerical model based on Shallow Water Equations （SWEs） is given with good accuracy. With the new GPU-based SPH model, the effects of the building layouts and underground spaces on the propagation of dambreak flood through an intricate city layout are examined.
文摘This study focuses on the deepening paths of ideological and political construction of professional courses in higher vocational colleges,taking the layout design course of the digital media technology major as the research object,and explores the integration mechanism of excellent traditional Chinese culture and professional teaching.The curriculum’s ideological and political reform is advanced through three major measures:Reconstructing the role of teachers,innovating teaching methods,and building a cultural infiltration system.Combined with the three-dimensional assessment mechanism of“professional+culture+value”and the transformation of teaching achievements into competitions,it breaks through the limitations of traditional skill training and systematically solves the problems of formalization tendency and insufficient value guidance existing in the practice of curriculum ideology and politics.It responds to the era proposition of“promoting the creative transformation of excellent traditional Chinese culture,”and provides an operable solution for higher vocational colleges to break the predicament of“emphasizing skills while neglecting culture.”
