《英语知识》1996年第2期登的一篇题为《as late as 与 as lately as 之间有差异》(以下简称《差异》)的文章,依据几本词典所给的例句,就对 as late as与 as lately as 之间的差异予以说明。该文指出,“终止性的动词与 as late as…搭...《英语知识》1996年第2期登的一篇题为《as late as 与 as lately as 之间有差异》(以下简称《差异》)的文章,依据几本词典所给的例句,就对 as late as与 as lately as 之间的差异予以说明。该文指出,“终止性的动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延续性的动词与 as lately as…搭配使用。因而,对 I saw her as__as last Sunday(要求用 late 的正确形式填空,原载于《英语知识》展开更多
《英语知识》1995年第8期《考考你》编写了这样一道练习题:12.I saw her as__as last Sunday.(late)所给答案是 lately,笔者认为答案欠妥。现将 as late as 与 as lately as 之间的差异说明如下:终止性动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延...《英语知识》1995年第8期《考考你》编写了这样一道练习题:12.I saw her as__as last Sunday.(late)所给答案是 lately,笔者认为答案欠妥。现将 as late as 与 as lately as 之间的差异说明如下:终止性动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延续性动词则与 as lately as…搭配使用。试比较:I saw him as late as yesterday.展开更多
《英语知识》1996年第2期刊登了《as late as 与 as lately as 之间有差异》一文。文中指出“终止性动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延续性动词则与 aslately as…搭配使用。”笔者认为此说法欠妥。请看下列句子:He came as lately as las...《英语知识》1996年第2期刊登了《as late as 与 as lately as 之间有差异》一文。文中指出“终止性动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延续性动词则与 aslately as…搭配使用。”笔者认为此说法欠妥。请看下列句子:He came as lately as last week.他直到上星期才来。(《实用英语用法词典》p.769)I saw her as lately as last Sunday.我上星期天还看见她。展开更多
The Late Cretaceous Jiepailing granitoids,located at the central Nanling Range in South China,are closely associated with significant Sn-Li-Be-F polymetallic metallogeny.The Jiepailing granitoids mainly consist of gra...The Late Cretaceous Jiepailing granitoids,located at the central Nanling Range in South China,are closely associated with significant Sn-Li-Be-F polymetallic metallogeny.The Jiepailing granitoids mainly consist of granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite.The two granitoids have an A-type affinity,showing elevated Rb/Sr ratios and significant depletions in Ba,Sr and P.Integrated zircon and monazite U-Pb dating results suggest that granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite were emplaced at~89 Ma and~94 Ma,respectively.The low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of the Jiepailing granitoids,together with significant negative Eu anomalies of the zircons,indicate that their formation occurred under conditions of reduced oxygen fugacity.Through the analysis of zircon Hf-O and whole-rock Nd isotopes,it has been determined that both stages of the Jiepailing granitoids originated in the lower-middle Mesoproterozoic crustal basement[ε_(Nd)(t)=−5.33 to−4.96,t^(C)_(DM)(Nd)=1289-1234 Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)=−4.13 to+2.22,t^(C)_(DM)(Hf)=1418-1015 Ma andδ^(18)O_(Zrc)=6.33‰-7.72‰],with the involvement of mantle-derived materials.Both granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite exhibit elevated concentrations of fluorine(F),with the positive correlation between F and Sn emphasizing the crucial role of high F sources in tin mineralization.Drawing upon the study of the Late Cretaceous magma systems in southern Hunan and through comparison with the mineralized granites observed in coastal regions during the Late Cretaceous,a genetic model for the mineralized granites in the Nanling region is developed.When the Paleo-Pacific Plate retreated to the coastal region,the continental crust in southern China underwent extensional thinning and asthenospheric upwelling due to gravitational collapse.Such processes resulted in the partial melting of the middle-lower crustal metamorphic sedimentary basement and the subsequent formation of F-rich granitic magmas,related to tin mineralization.展开更多
An accurate assessment of host and pathogen gene expression during infection is critical for understanding the molecular aspects of host-pathogen interactions.Often,pathogen-derived transcripts are difficult to ascert...An accurate assessment of host and pathogen gene expression during infection is critical for understanding the molecular aspects of host-pathogen interactions.Often,pathogen-derived transcripts are difficult to ascertain at early infection stages owing to the unfavourable transcript representation compared to the host genes.In this study,we compare two sequencing techniques,RNAseq and enrichment sequencing(RenSeq and PenSeq)of cDNA,to investigate gene expression patterns in the doubled monoploid potato(DM)infected with the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans.Our results reveal distinct advantages of cDNA RenSeq and PenSeq over traditional RNAseq in terms of target gene representation and transcriptional quantification at early infection stages.Throughout the infection time course,cDNA enrichment sequencing enables transcriptomic analyses for more targeted host and pathogen genes.For highly expressed genes that were sampled in parallel by both cDNA enrichment and RNAseq,a high level of concordance in expression profiles is observed,indicative of at least semi-quantitative gene expression representation following enrichment.展开更多
Excellent progress has been made in the last few decades in the cure rates of pediatric malignancies,with more than 80%of children with cancer who have access to contemporary treatment being cured.However,the therapie...Excellent progress has been made in the last few decades in the cure rates of pediatric malignancies,with more than 80%of children with cancer who have access to contemporary treatment being cured.However,the therapies responsible for this survival can also produce adverse physical and psychological long-term outcomes,referred to as late effects,which appear months to years after the completion of cancer treatment.Research has shown that 60%to 90%of childhood cancer survivors(CCSs)develop one or more chronic health conditions,and 20%to 80%of survivors experience severe or life-threatening complications during adulthood.Therefore,understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the health and quality of life of the growing population of CCSs.展开更多
The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and on...The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and one taxon previously unknown from China.Among them 5 genera are Oligocene holdovers and 11 genera/species are known to make their first appearances in Early Miocene,indicating an Early Miocene age for the Gucheng Fauna.The absence of Oligocene survivors such as Tataromys,Yindirtemys,Eucricetodon and Tachyoryctoides,which usually occur in the Xiejian age of Early Miocene,and the presence of newcomers Protalactaga,Megacricetodon and Gobicricetodon,that made their first appearance only in the Shanwangian age of late Early Miocene,suggest that the Gucheng Fauna is of a later age of Early Miocene.The new species,Sinolagomys guchengensis,showing more derived morphology than in S.ulunguensis,seems to support an assessment of the fauna in Shanwangian age.Thus,the Gucheng Fauna may belong to late Early Miocene Shanwangian,partially equivalent to MN 3/4 of the European land mammal zonation.Ecological analysis of the fauna indicates that the palaeoecological condition of the Gucheng area might still be a predominantly arid shrub-steppe in late Early Miocene.展开更多
In 2015,the discovery of mammalian fossils,paleolithic artifacts,and burned bones in the Maoershan Cave of the Guilin Basin,northeastern Guangxi,indicated that it is a late Middle Pleistocene Paleolithic site.In 2021,...In 2015,the discovery of mammalian fossils,paleolithic artifacts,and burned bones in the Maoershan Cave of the Guilin Basin,northeastern Guangxi,indicated that it is a late Middle Pleistocene Paleolithic site.In 2021,stratigraphic sectioning and the systematic screening of small mammal sand samples were conducted.This paper presents a comprehensive account of the new material of the fruit bat Rousettus leschenaultii,accompanied by a concise overview of the non-volant micromammals that coexisted with it in the Quaternary sediments of the Maoershan Cave.This finding marks the second occurrence of fruit bat fossils in China,contributing to our understanding of the dental morphology and past geographical distribution of Rousettus.The micromammalian assemblage of the Maoershan Cave is composed of 3 orders,9 families,26 genera,and 30 species,and exhibits notable similarities with those of the late Middle Pleistocene Yumi Cave,Xinglong Cave,Yanhui Cave,Mawokou Cave,Zhongliangshan,and Chuan Cave faunas.The biochronology of the micromammalian assemblage from the Maoershan Cave has been determined to be consistent with the late Middle Pleistocene,providing a new assemblage in the Pleistocene mammalian faunal sequence in southern China.The presence of abundant oriental forested elements indicates that the Guilin Basin used to be a humid and warm subtropical forest paleoenvironment similar to the contemporary environment during the late Middle Pleistocene.展开更多
This article describes new fossil material of Exallerix pustulatus from the early Late Oligocene of Nei Mongol,China.The specimens supplement and clarify certain mandibular and lower dental morphological features of t...This article describes new fossil material of Exallerix pustulatus from the early Late Oligocene of Nei Mongol,China.The specimens supplement and clarify certain mandibular and lower dental morphological features of this species,allowing for further comparisons with other short-faced hedgehogs.Previously,E.pustulatus had only been recorded from the Hsanda Gol Formation at Taatsiin Gol,in the Valley of Lakes,Mongolia.This discovery of new material from Sonid Left Banner marks the first occurrence of the genus Exallerix in China.In addition,discussions of other short-faced hedgehog fossils from Chinese localities confirm the validity of Metexallerix gaolanshanensis,which lived during the late Late Oligocene,approximately 25 Ma.Furthermore,the short-faced hedgehog specimens from locality Damiao 16 in Nei Mongol are tentatively referred to Synexallerix junggarensis,rather than M.gaolanshanensis.展开更多
A relatively well-preserved rodent fossil,including its incisors,cheek teeth,and postcranial skeleton,was collected from the Baiyin Obo in Siziwang Banner,Nei Mongol.A multifaceted research approach was undertaken in ...A relatively well-preserved rodent fossil,including its incisors,cheek teeth,and postcranial skeleton,was collected from the Baiyin Obo in Siziwang Banner,Nei Mongol.A multifaceted research approach was undertaken in this study to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the newly discovered specimen.Based on a morphological comparison,the new specimen was identified as Hulgana cf.H.ertnia within the Ischyromyidae family.Incisive enamel microstructure analysis revealed the typical pauciserial enamel structure of Hulgana.Bone histological analysis indicates that the specimen represents a juvenile individual,which is consistent with the ontogenetic stage indicated by dental developmental stage and wear pattern.The application of geometric morphometrics to the calcaneus and bone histology of the femur and phalanx further substantiates the taxonomic classification of Hulgana as a terrestrial and cursorial rodent,exhibiting a degree of fossorial ability.This classification is analogous to that of certain extant cricetids and ground squirrels.展开更多
The genesis and tectonic setting of Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Ganzi–Litang ophiolitic mélange belt have long been a subject of contention.To elucidate these ambiguities,comprehensive petrological,geoch...The genesis and tectonic setting of Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Ganzi–Litang ophiolitic mélange belt have long been a subject of contention.To elucidate these ambiguities,comprehensive petrological,geochemical,zircon U-Pb geochronological,and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses were conducted on the Luexigou basalts in the Litang area.This investigation has newly delineated a typical volcano-sedimentary sequence indicative of a mid-ocean ridge,with basalts dated to 215±3 Ma.These basalts exhibit geochemical characteristics akin to E-MORB,displaying relatively flat distribution patterns for rare earth elements and trace elements.They are notably depleted in high-field-strength elements(such as Nb and Ta),similar to volcanic arc basalts.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss...Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss,LL).Here,we investigated the distinct impacts of EL and LL on resting-state brain activity.A total of 100 healthy students from several universities in Beijing were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups:EL,LL,or full sleep(FS).Restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans were conducted following the sleep manipulations.Compared to the FS group,the LL group showed abnormal low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)in the prefrontal cortex and insula.展开更多
Recent advances have deepened our understanding of the evolutionary and developmental origins of feather branching architectures.However,the internal tissue differentiation within these branches has received limited a...Recent advances have deepened our understanding of the evolutionary and developmental origins of feather branching architectures.However,the internal tissue differentiation within these branches has received limited attention.This study examined eight fossilized feathers preserved in early Late Cretaceous Burmese amber,characterized by barb rami composed entirely of cortical tissue with no internal medulla.Based on barb rami morphology,the feathers were categorized into three distinct morphotypes.Comparative analysis with feather development in extant chickens suggested minimal tissue differentiation in these early feathers.Functional simulations further revealed that modern barb rami configurations provide greater aerodynamic stability than medulla-free early feathers under most conditions,highlighting flexural stiffness as a key factor in the evolution of feather branches.The presence of medullafree barb rami suggests that although the three-level hierarchical branching pattern characteristic of modern feathers had emerged by the Jurassic,tissue differentiation within feather branches remained developmentally unstable during the Late Cretaceous.This instability likely contributed to the structural variability of early feathers,enabling morphologies that no longer persist in modern birds.展开更多
The Ordovician-Silurian transition was marked by extensive volcanic activity globally.In South China,intensive volcanism was documented by abundant ash layers in strata,but the origins and tectonic settings of these a...The Ordovician-Silurian transition was marked by extensive volcanic activity globally.In South China,intensive volcanism was documented by abundant ash layers in strata,but the origins and tectonic settings of these ashes remain controversial.This study presents the stratigraphic distribution of volcanic ash layers,zircon trace element and Hf isotope data from the Wanhe Section in the southwestern Yangtze Shelf,providing insights into the tectonic setting and the origin of the parent magmas.The results suggest that volcanic ashes in the southwestern Yangtze Shelf primarily originated from arc magmatism in the Wuyi-Yunkai Orogen,with a mixed source from mantle and crust.The findings corroborate the hypothesis that the Late Ordovician–Silurian Wuyi-Yunkai Orogen in South China represents a collisional orogenic belt.展开更多
In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed culti...In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.展开更多
文摘《英语知识》1996年第2期登的一篇题为《as late as 与 as lately as 之间有差异》(以下简称《差异》)的文章,依据几本词典所给的例句,就对 as late as与 as lately as 之间的差异予以说明。该文指出,“终止性的动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延续性的动词与 as lately as…搭配使用。因而,对 I saw her as__as last Sunday(要求用 late 的正确形式填空,原载于《英语知识》
文摘《英语知识》1995年第8期《考考你》编写了这样一道练习题:12.I saw her as__as last Sunday.(late)所给答案是 lately,笔者认为答案欠妥。现将 as late as 与 as lately as 之间的差异说明如下:终止性动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延续性动词则与 as lately as…搭配使用。试比较:I saw him as late as yesterday.
文摘《英语知识》1996年第2期刊登了《as late as 与 as lately as 之间有差异》一文。文中指出“终止性动词与 as late as…搭配使用,延续性动词则与 aslately as…搭配使用。”笔者认为此说法欠妥。请看下列句子:He came as lately as last week.他直到上星期才来。(《实用英语用法词典》p.769)I saw her as lately as last Sunday.我上星期天还看见她。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42303073).
文摘The Late Cretaceous Jiepailing granitoids,located at the central Nanling Range in South China,are closely associated with significant Sn-Li-Be-F polymetallic metallogeny.The Jiepailing granitoids mainly consist of granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite.The two granitoids have an A-type affinity,showing elevated Rb/Sr ratios and significant depletions in Ba,Sr and P.Integrated zircon and monazite U-Pb dating results suggest that granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite were emplaced at~89 Ma and~94 Ma,respectively.The low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of the Jiepailing granitoids,together with significant negative Eu anomalies of the zircons,indicate that their formation occurred under conditions of reduced oxygen fugacity.Through the analysis of zircon Hf-O and whole-rock Nd isotopes,it has been determined that both stages of the Jiepailing granitoids originated in the lower-middle Mesoproterozoic crustal basement[ε_(Nd)(t)=−5.33 to−4.96,t^(C)_(DM)(Nd)=1289-1234 Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)=−4.13 to+2.22,t^(C)_(DM)(Hf)=1418-1015 Ma andδ^(18)O_(Zrc)=6.33‰-7.72‰],with the involvement of mantle-derived materials.Both granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite exhibit elevated concentrations of fluorine(F),with the positive correlation between F and Sn emphasizing the crucial role of high F sources in tin mineralization.Drawing upon the study of the Late Cretaceous magma systems in southern Hunan and through comparison with the mineralized granites observed in coastal regions during the Late Cretaceous,a genetic model for the mineralized granites in the Nanling region is developed.When the Paleo-Pacific Plate retreated to the coastal region,the continental crust in southern China underwent extensional thinning and asthenospheric upwelling due to gravitational collapse.Such processes resulted in the partial melting of the middle-lower crustal metamorphic sedimentary basement and the subsequent formation of F-rich granitic magmas,related to tin mineralization.
基金supported by the Rural & Environment Science & Analytical Services (RESAS) Division of the Scottish Government through project JHI-B1-1the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through awards BB/ S015663/1+2 种基金BB/X009068/1Research Leaders 2025 fellowship funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754380the Research/Scientific Computing teams at The James Hutton Institute and NIAB for providing computational resources and technical support for the “UK’s Crop Diversity Bioinformatics HPC” (BBSRC grant BB/ S019669/1)。
文摘An accurate assessment of host and pathogen gene expression during infection is critical for understanding the molecular aspects of host-pathogen interactions.Often,pathogen-derived transcripts are difficult to ascertain at early infection stages owing to the unfavourable transcript representation compared to the host genes.In this study,we compare two sequencing techniques,RNAseq and enrichment sequencing(RenSeq and PenSeq)of cDNA,to investigate gene expression patterns in the doubled monoploid potato(DM)infected with the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans.Our results reveal distinct advantages of cDNA RenSeq and PenSeq over traditional RNAseq in terms of target gene representation and transcriptional quantification at early infection stages.Throughout the infection time course,cDNA enrichment sequencing enables transcriptomic analyses for more targeted host and pathogen genes.For highly expressed genes that were sampled in parallel by both cDNA enrichment and RNAseq,a high level of concordance in expression profiles is observed,indicative of at least semi-quantitative gene expression representation following enrichment.
文摘Excellent progress has been made in the last few decades in the cure rates of pediatric malignancies,with more than 80%of children with cancer who have access to contemporary treatment being cured.However,the therapies responsible for this survival can also produce adverse physical and psychological long-term outcomes,referred to as late effects,which appear months to years after the completion of cancer treatment.Research has shown that 60%to 90%of childhood cancer survivors(CCSs)develop one or more chronic health conditions,and 20%to 80%of survivors experience severe or life-threatening complications during adulthood.Therefore,understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the health and quality of life of the growing population of CCSs.
文摘The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and one taxon previously unknown from China.Among them 5 genera are Oligocene holdovers and 11 genera/species are known to make their first appearances in Early Miocene,indicating an Early Miocene age for the Gucheng Fauna.The absence of Oligocene survivors such as Tataromys,Yindirtemys,Eucricetodon and Tachyoryctoides,which usually occur in the Xiejian age of Early Miocene,and the presence of newcomers Protalactaga,Megacricetodon and Gobicricetodon,that made their first appearance only in the Shanwangian age of late Early Miocene,suggest that the Gucheng Fauna is of a later age of Early Miocene.The new species,Sinolagomys guchengensis,showing more derived morphology than in S.ulunguensis,seems to support an assessment of the fauna in Shanwangian age.Thus,the Gucheng Fauna may belong to late Early Miocene Shanwangian,partially equivalent to MN 3/4 of the European land mammal zonation.Ecological analysis of the fauna indicates that the palaeoecological condition of the Gucheng area might still be a predominantly arid shrub-steppe in late Early Miocene.
文摘In 2015,the discovery of mammalian fossils,paleolithic artifacts,and burned bones in the Maoershan Cave of the Guilin Basin,northeastern Guangxi,indicated that it is a late Middle Pleistocene Paleolithic site.In 2021,stratigraphic sectioning and the systematic screening of small mammal sand samples were conducted.This paper presents a comprehensive account of the new material of the fruit bat Rousettus leschenaultii,accompanied by a concise overview of the non-volant micromammals that coexisted with it in the Quaternary sediments of the Maoershan Cave.This finding marks the second occurrence of fruit bat fossils in China,contributing to our understanding of the dental morphology and past geographical distribution of Rousettus.The micromammalian assemblage of the Maoershan Cave is composed of 3 orders,9 families,26 genera,and 30 species,and exhibits notable similarities with those of the late Middle Pleistocene Yumi Cave,Xinglong Cave,Yanhui Cave,Mawokou Cave,Zhongliangshan,and Chuan Cave faunas.The biochronology of the micromammalian assemblage from the Maoershan Cave has been determined to be consistent with the late Middle Pleistocene,providing a new assemblage in the Pleistocene mammalian faunal sequence in southern China.The presence of abundant oriental forested elements indicates that the Guilin Basin used to be a humid and warm subtropical forest paleoenvironment similar to the contemporary environment during the late Middle Pleistocene.
文摘This article describes new fossil material of Exallerix pustulatus from the early Late Oligocene of Nei Mongol,China.The specimens supplement and clarify certain mandibular and lower dental morphological features of this species,allowing for further comparisons with other short-faced hedgehogs.Previously,E.pustulatus had only been recorded from the Hsanda Gol Formation at Taatsiin Gol,in the Valley of Lakes,Mongolia.This discovery of new material from Sonid Left Banner marks the first occurrence of the genus Exallerix in China.In addition,discussions of other short-faced hedgehog fossils from Chinese localities confirm the validity of Metexallerix gaolanshanensis,which lived during the late Late Oligocene,approximately 25 Ma.Furthermore,the short-faced hedgehog specimens from locality Damiao 16 in Nei Mongol are tentatively referred to Synexallerix junggarensis,rather than M.gaolanshanensis.
文摘A relatively well-preserved rodent fossil,including its incisors,cheek teeth,and postcranial skeleton,was collected from the Baiyin Obo in Siziwang Banner,Nei Mongol.A multifaceted research approach was undertaken in this study to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the newly discovered specimen.Based on a morphological comparison,the new specimen was identified as Hulgana cf.H.ertnia within the Ischyromyidae family.Incisive enamel microstructure analysis revealed the typical pauciserial enamel structure of Hulgana.Bone histological analysis indicates that the specimen represents a juvenile individual,which is consistent with the ontogenetic stage indicated by dental developmental stage and wear pattern.The application of geometric morphometrics to the calcaneus and bone histology of the femur and phalanx further substantiates the taxonomic classification of Hulgana as a terrestrial and cursorial rodent,exhibiting a degree of fossorial ability.This classification is analogous to that of certain extant cricetids and ground squirrels.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant No.42230311)the China Geological Survey(Grant No.DD20243073).
文摘The genesis and tectonic setting of Late Triassic volcanic rocks in the Ganzi–Litang ophiolitic mélange belt have long been a subject of contention.To elucidate these ambiguities,comprehensive petrological,geochemical,zircon U-Pb geochronological,and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses were conducted on the Luexigou basalts in the Litang area.This investigation has newly delineated a typical volcano-sedimentary sequence indicative of a mid-ocean ridge,with basalts dated to 215±3 Ma.These basalts exhibit geochemical characteristics akin to E-MORB,displaying relatively flat distribution patterns for rare earth elements and trace elements.They are notably depleted in high-field-strength elements(such as Nb and Ta),similar to volcanic arc basalts.
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202100,2021ZD0200801,and 2021ZD0201900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130040,82288101).
文摘Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss,LL).Here,we investigated the distinct impacts of EL and LL on resting-state brain activity.A total of 100 healthy students from several universities in Beijing were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups:EL,LL,or full sleep(FS).Restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans were conducted following the sleep manipulations.Compared to the FS group,the LL group showed abnormal low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)in the prefrontal cortex and insula.
基金supported by the Human Frontier Science Program (LT000728/2018)Zijiang Program for Talented Scholars at East China Normal UniversityShanghai Pujiang Program (23PJ1402300)
文摘Recent advances have deepened our understanding of the evolutionary and developmental origins of feather branching architectures.However,the internal tissue differentiation within these branches has received limited attention.This study examined eight fossilized feathers preserved in early Late Cretaceous Burmese amber,characterized by barb rami composed entirely of cortical tissue with no internal medulla.Based on barb rami morphology,the feathers were categorized into three distinct morphotypes.Comparative analysis with feather development in extant chickens suggested minimal tissue differentiation in these early feathers.Functional simulations further revealed that modern barb rami configurations provide greater aerodynamic stability than medulla-free early feathers under most conditions,highlighting flexural stiffness as a key factor in the evolution of feather branches.The presence of medullafree barb rami suggests that although the three-level hierarchical branching pattern characteristic of modern feathers had emerged by the Jurassic,tissue differentiation within feather branches remained developmentally unstable during the Late Cretaceous.This instability likely contributed to the structural variability of early feathers,enabling morphologies that no longer persist in modern birds.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42222209 and 42488201)the State Scholarship Fund.
文摘The Ordovician-Silurian transition was marked by extensive volcanic activity globally.In South China,intensive volcanism was documented by abundant ash layers in strata,but the origins and tectonic settings of these ashes remain controversial.This study presents the stratigraphic distribution of volcanic ash layers,zircon trace element and Hf isotope data from the Wanhe Section in the southwestern Yangtze Shelf,providing insights into the tectonic setting and the origin of the parent magmas.The results suggest that volcanic ashes in the southwestern Yangtze Shelf primarily originated from arc magmatism in the Wuyi-Yunkai Orogen,with a mixed source from mantle and crust.The findings corroborate the hypothesis that the Late Ordovician–Silurian Wuyi-Yunkai Orogen in South China represents a collisional orogenic belt.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300303).
文摘In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.
