Atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels are escalating at an unprecedented rate,leading to the phenomenon of ocean acidification(OA).Parental exposure to acidification has the potential to enhance offspring resilienc...Atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels are escalating at an unprecedented rate,leading to the phenomenon of ocean acidification(OA).Parental exposure to acidification has the potential to enhance offspring resilience through cross-generation plasticity.In this study,we analyzed larval growth and transcriptomic profiles in the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,a species of significant ecological relevance,under both control and elevated CO_(2)conditions experienced by their parental generation.Our findings indicate that the oyster populations exposed to OA exhibited a higher incidence of abnormalities during the D-shaped larval stage,followed by accelerated growth at the eyed stage.Through a comparative transcriptomic investigation of eyed larvae(25 d after fertilization),we observed that parental exposure to OA substantially influenced the gene expression in the offspring.Genes associated with lipid catabolism and shell formation were notably upregulated in oysters with parental OA exposure,potentially playing a role in cross-generational conditioning and conferring resilience to OA stressors.These results underscore the profound impact of OA on oyster larval development via cross-generational mechanisms and shed light on the molecular underpinnings of cross-generation plasticity.展开更多
Open earthen pond-based larviculture is the main method for rearing Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)larvae in China.Bacterioplankton play a vital role in aquaculture ecosystems,but their community succession th...Open earthen pond-based larviculture is the main method for rearing Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)larvae in China.Bacterioplankton play a vital role in aquaculture ecosystems,but their community succession throughout the larval nursery stages of E.sinensis in such systems is still poorly understood.Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing,this study characterized the dynamics of bacterioplankton communities during a complete E.sinensis larval rearing cycle in open earthen ponds.Results presented a distinct,unidirectional succession in bacterioplankton composition,characterized by a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and an increase in Actinobacteria.Live feeds(Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina)significantly affected bacterioplankton communities directly through their biological activities and indirectly by modifying the structure of phytoplankton composition.In addition to live feeds,water temperature and dissolved oxygen were key environmental factors affecting the structure of bacterioplankton communities.Biotic interactions,specifically with phytoplankton and copepods,were key drivers of bacterioplankton succession.Routine feeding practices during larval cultivation decreased bacterioplankton network complexity and strengthened community stability.Keystone taxa,specifically OTU783(Rhodobacteraceae)and OTU1235(Microbacteriaceae),played an essential role in maintaining the community stability through recruiting more rare species during the later stages despite their low abundances.These outcomes advance our understanding of the mechanisms central to bacterioplankton community succession and stability in E.sinensis larviculture systems,offering critical insights for developing sustainable aquaculture management strategies.展开更多
Due to deficient treatments and vaccines for dengue viruses,dengue control mainly depends on controlling mosquitoes.Suppressing wild mosquito population size by releasing male-only Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes into t...Due to deficient treatments and vaccines for dengue viruses,dengue control mainly depends on controlling mosquitoes.Suppressing wild mosquito population size by releasing male-only Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes into the field has become an eco-friendly alternative for traditional mosquito control methods.By assuming an ideal continuous proportional release strategy,we formulate a two-strain vector-host model incorporating larval competition to describe the affected cross-transmission dynamics of two dengue viruses serotypes.Moreover,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)and temporal cross-immunity are considered in this model.Theoretical analysis including the well-posedness,the existence and local stability of dengue-free equilibria in terms of the basic reproduction numbers is conducted.Sensitivity analysis indicates that the basic reproduction numbers are most sensitive to the adult female mortality rate and mosquito bite rate.As expected,intensifying larval competition can prevent the spread of dengue viruses.Unexpectedly,increasing the release ratio can delay the peak time while increase the peak level of both primary and secondary infections.To efficiently eliminate dengue outbreaks,other control methods such as spraying larvicides/adult insecticides and avoiding mosquito bites should be employed simultaneously during the time period gained by releasing Wolbachia-carrying males.展开更多
The last-instar larval external morphologies of Orthaga achatina Butler, Macalla sp. and Locastra muscosalis （Walker） of Epipaschiinae are described and illustrated. All specimens examined are deposited in the Colle...The last-instar larval external morphologies of Orthaga achatina Butler, Macalla sp. and Locastra muscosalis （Walker） of Epipaschiinae are described and illustrated. All specimens examined are deposited in the Collection of College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, China. Biological information such as living habit also is included.展开更多
The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited ...The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.展开更多
The last-instar larval external morphologies of Illiberis tenuis (Butler), Chalcosia remota (Walker) and Pryeria sinica Moore of Zygaenidae are described and illustrated. All the specimens are deposited in the Insect ...The last-instar larval external morphologies of Illiberis tenuis (Butler), Chalcosia remota (Walker) and Pryeria sinica Moore of Zygaenidae are described and illustrated. All the specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.展开更多
This study was made to describe the morphological features of larvae of Pachyligia dolosa Butle r, Cystidia stratonice (Stoll) and Planociampa antipala Prout of Ennomin ae.
Variables among the macroclimate, microclimate and rice canopy categories and three other different farming systems were evaluated on their effects to the egg and larval density of Aedes spp. mosquitoes known as trans...Variables among the macroclimate, microclimate and rice canopy categories and three other different farming systems were evaluated on their effects to the egg and larval density of Aedes spp. mosquitoes known as transmitters of animal and human diseases. No statistical difference in egg density （#eggs/mL） among farming systems （P = 0.345） were observed. However, there was significant difference in larval density （#1arvae/mL） among farming systems （P 〈 0.001） particularly between organic and conventional farms and between organic and mixed farms at （P 〈 0.05）. Among the variables in the macroclimate category, wind velocity and ambient temperature significantly influenced larval density in conventional farms. Among the variables in the microclimate category, water temperature significantly contributed to larval density in both the mixed and conventional farms whereas water turbidity, in conventional farms. Among the variables in the rice canopy category, the number of tillers per plant was a significant contributor to larval density in all farm types. No variable among the environmental exposure categories affected the larval density in organic farms.展开更多
Although amphioxus is widespread in temperate and tropical seas,its population is diminishing be-cause of environmental pollution.To keep the population of this evolutionarily important animal fromdiminishing,study on...Although amphioxus is widespread in temperate and tropical seas,its population is diminishing be-cause of environmental pollution.To keep the population of this evolutionarily important animal fromdiminishing,study on its reproduction and development is necessary.The main findings in this study onthe spawning and fecundity of the amphioxus reared in laboratory and its larval development are as fol-lows.1.Water temperature markedly affected the spawning.It spawned only when water temperature reached 21℃.2.Spawning of the amphioxus in laboratory was markedly extended.Initially,the amphioxus spawned at about 7:00 PM,but spawning time was postponed as spawning days went on.3.The number of eggs produced by a female ranged from 1400 to 12800,average of 5800.This al-so represents the fecundity of the amphioxus because it shedded all eggs within the ovary at a time.4.During the first few months of life of the amphioxus,its growth rate changed seasonally.Thegrowth rate in summer and fall was greater than that展开更多
Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors （ORs） located on the dendrite membran...Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors （ORs） located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP cDNA, namely SexiOBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） measurement indicated that SexiOBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of SexiOBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, SexiOBP13 displayed a high binding affinity （Ki=3.82 IJmol L-1） to Z9,E12-14：Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles （Ki〉27 μmol L-l）. The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12-14：Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that SexiOBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.展开更多
A mass mortality often occurs from molting to the megalopa stage during the larval development of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Larvae with insuffcient nutrient accumulation during the zoeal stages are p...A mass mortality often occurs from molting to the megalopa stage during the larval development of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Larvae with insuffcient nutrient accumulation during the zoeal stages are probably unable to develop into juvenile swimming crabs. However, the nutritional information such as the primary metabolites is scarce for P. trituberculatus larvae. The aim of this work is to obtain an insight into the metabolite traits of P. trituberculatus at early developmental stages. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis was used to determine how the metabolite pro?les shift during larval development in P. trituberculatus. Our results show that the trend of total metabolites exhibited a rise from zoea 1 to zoea 3, followed by a drop from zoea 4 to megalopa and recovery during the ?rst juvenile stage. A large-scale depletion of total metabolites in the zoea 4 and megalopa stages suggests a deep depression of metabolic activity, which may be linked to the mass mortality from molting to the megalopa stage. These ?ndings provided essential metabolic information about the larval development of P. trituberculatus and important clues for understanding the nutritional requirements of P. trituberculatus in early developmental stages.展开更多
The effects of an exogenous probiotic( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on microbial community structure of B ranchionus plicatils and A rtemia sinica were evaluated in this study during turbot( Scophthalmus maximus) larva...The effects of an exogenous probiotic( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on microbial community structure of B ranchionus plicatils and A rtemia sinica were evaluated in this study during turbot( Scophthalmus maximus) larval breeding. The analysis and comparison of the microfloral composition of live feed with probiotic was conducted using the Illumina HiSeq PE250. The abundance of microbial species and diversity of microflora in live feed with B. amyloliquefaciens were higher than those in the control. The microfloral composition was similar among the three replicate experimental groups of B. plicatils compared with the control after enrichment. L actococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, and Alteromonas were always dominant. Additionally, some other bacterial species became dominant during the enrichment process. The microbial community during nutrient enrichment of A. sinica was rather similar among the three control replicates. Relative abundance of Cobetia sp., the most dominant species, was 54%–65.2%. Similarity in the microbial community was still high after adding B. amyloliquefaciens. Furthermore, P seudoalteromonas and Alteromonas replaced Cobetia as the dominant species, and the abundance of Cobetia decreased to 4.3%–25.3%. Mean common ratios at the operational taxonomic unit level were 50%–60% between the two B. plicatils and A. sinica treatments. Therefore, the microbial community structure changed after adding B. amyloliquefaciens during nutrient enrichment of B. plicatils or A. sinica and tended to stabilize. Additionally, the abundance of V ibrio in any kind of live feed was not significantly dif ferent from that in the control. These results will help improve the microflora of B. plicatils and A. sinica and can be used to understand the multiple-level transfer role of probiotic species among probiotic products, microflora of live feed, and fish larvae.展开更多
Bacterial community presumably plays an essential role in inhibiting pathogen colonization and maintaining the health of scallop larvae, but limiting data are available for Yesso scallop （Patinopecten yessoensisis Ja...Bacterial community presumably plays an essential role in inhibiting pathogen colonization and maintaining the health of scallop larvae, but limiting data are available for Yesso scallop （Patinopecten yessoensisis Jay, 1857） larval development stages. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the bacterial communities associating with Yesso scallop larval development at fertilized egg S l, trochophora S2, D-shaped larvae S3, umbo larvae S4, and juvenile scallop S5 stages by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Genomic DNA was extracted from the larvae and their associating baetera, and a gene segment covering V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using an Illumina Miseq sequencer. Overall, 106760 qualified sequences with an average length of 449 bp were obtained. Sequences were compared with those retrieved from 16S rRNA gene databases, and 4 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders, 21 families, 31 genera were identified. Proteobacteria was predominant phylum, accounting for more than 99%, at all 5 larval development stages. At genus level, Pseudomonas was dominant at stages S1 （80.60%）, S2 （87.77%） and S5 （68.71%）, followed by Photobacterium （17.06%） and Aeromonas （1.64%） at stage S1, Serratia （6.94%）, Stenotrophomonas （3.08%） and Acinetobacter （1.2%） at stage S2, Shewanella （25.95%） and Pseudoalteromonas （4.57%） at stage S5. Moreover, genus Pseudoal- teromonas became dominant at stages S3 （44.85%） and S4 （56.02%）, followed by Photobacterium （29.82%）, Pseudomonas （11.86%）, Aliivibrio （8.60%） and Shewanella （3.39%） at stage S3, Pseudomonas （18.16%）, Aliivibrio （14.29%）, Shewanella （4.11%）, Psychro- monas （4.04%） and Psychrobacter （1.81%） at stage S4. From the results, we concluded that the bacterial community changed sig- nificantly at different development stages of Yesso Scallop larvae.展开更多
The artemisia weevil, Adosomus sp., has become an important wormwood （Artemisa ordosoca and A. sphaerocephala） pest in recent years in Ningxia Province, China. The number of larval instars should be determined befor...The artemisia weevil, Adosomus sp., has become an important wormwood （Artemisa ordosoca and A. sphaerocephala） pest in recent years in Ningxia Province, China. The number of larval instars should be determined before further studies on its life history, biology and integrate management of pest （IMP）. In this study, we measured the length and width of head capsule, based on frequency histograms and Dyar＇s law, from which we concluded that the larvae ofAdosomus sp. have four instars. Of the two variables measured, the width of head capsule provided the best division of instars. The average width of head capsule of the 1st instar larvae was 1.348±0.152 mm, the 2nd 2.109±0.199 mm, the 3rd 3.563±0.492 mm and the 4th 5.974±0.581 mm.展开更多
Aromatic hydrocarbons,one of the persistent organic pollutants（POPs）,has been usually found in mussels,accumulated for their hard mobility and activities in harbours and estuaries.In this study,based on the 96 hr-LC...Aromatic hydrocarbons,one of the persistent organic pollutants（POPs）,has been usually found in mussels,accumulated for their hard mobility and activities in harbours and estuaries.In this study,based on the 96 hr-LC50 of 12 aromatic hydrocarbons with larval sinonvaculina constricta,three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship（3D-QSAR） technique：comparative molecular similarity indices analysis（CoMSIA） and 2D-QSAR technique：multiple linear regression（MLR） were described to obtain more detailed insight into the structure-activity relationships between the molecular structure and bio-activity.The results show the MLR model based on density functional theory（DFT） calculation carried out at the B3LYP/6-311＊＊ level with Gaussian 03 program yielded a very good correlation with a coefficient squared R2 of 0.716 and a cross-validated Q2 of 0.874.The dipole moment and enthalpy,as the thermodynamic parameters,were two important factors influencing pLC50.Correspondingly,CoMSIA based on the partial least-squares（PLS） methodology with steric,electrostatic,hydrophobic,H-bond donor and acceptor fields contributing simultaneously were employed and the values of R2 and the cross validation with leave-One-Out（LOO） Q2LOO were 0.585 and 0.990,respectively,which reveals the structure features,such as the electronegative substituent（nitro-group）,hydrophobic groups（the benzene ring） and H-bond（nitro-group）,related to the toxicity.The results of 2D-QSAR employing MLR model and 3D-QSAR employing CoMSIA model provide the useful information for predicting the toxicity of other aromatic hydrocarbons by comparing the molecular structures of similar compounds.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effects of environmental parameters of lanal habitats on distribution and abundance of anopheline mosquitoes in Rudan county of Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted during t...Objective:To determine the effects of environmental parameters of lanal habitats on distribution and abundance of anopheline mosquitoes in Rudan county of Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted during the mosquito breeding season from February 2010 to October 2011. The anopheline larvae were collected using the standard dipping method,the specimens were identified using a morphological-based key.Simultaneously with larvay collection,environmental parameters of the larval habitats including water current and turbidity,sunlight situation,and substrate type of habitats were recorded.Water samples were taken from breeding sites during lanal collection.Before collection of samples,the water temperature was measured.The water samples were analysed for turbidity,conductivity,total alkalinity,total dissolved solid.pH and ions including chloride,sulphate,calcium,and magnesium.Statistical correlation analysis and ANOVA test were used to analyze the association between environmental parameters and larval mosquito abundance.Results:In total 2 973 lanae of the genus Anopheles were collected from 25 larval habitats and identified using morphological characters.They comprised of six species: An.dthali(53.21%),An.stephensi(24.22%),An.culicifacies(14.06%),An.superpictus(4.07%),An. turkhudi(3.30%),and An.apoci(1.14%).The most abundant species was An.dthali which were collected from all of the study areas.Larvae of two malaria vectors.An.dthali and An.stephensi, co-existed and collected in a wide range of habitats with different physico-chemical parameters. The most common larval habitats were man-made sites such as sand mining pools with clean and still water.The anopheline mosquitoes also preferred permanent habitats in sunlight with sandy substrates.The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between mean physicochemical parameters such as water temperature,conductivity,total alkalinity,sulphate,chloride, and mosquito distribution and abundance.Conclusions:The results of this study showed a correlation between certain environmental parameters and mosquito lanae abundance,and these parameters should be considered in planning and implementing larval control programs.展开更多
The morphology of larval and 1st postlarval stages of Penaeus penicillatus are described.Results from comparative studies on larval development of P.penicillatus,P.merguiensis and P.chinensis are as fol-lows: These t...The morphology of larval and 1st postlarval stages of Penaeus penicillatus are described.Results from comparative studies on larval development of P.penicillatus,P.merguiensis and P.chinensis are as fol-lows: These three species could not be identified during their naupliar stages. In the 1st protozoea,the antennule L1/L2 value is 1.7—2.0 in P.merguiensis,but lessthan 1.7 in P.chinensis and P.penicillatus;in the 2nd protozoea,the supra-orbital spine in P.chinensis isnot bifurcated,while those of P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus are bifurcated;in the 3rd protozoea,thereis a minute(or no)dorso-median spine on the posterior margin of the 1st and 2nd abdominal somite in P.chinensis,but they are prominent in P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus.In the mysis and 1st postlarvalstages,P.chinensis differs from P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus in having 9(8 in the other 2 species)longsetae on the exopod of pereopods 1—3;additionally,one dorsal tooth appears on the rostrum of P.chinensis in the 2nd mysis and that展开更多
The mature larvae of four species in the genus Pleuroptya： P. chlorophanta （Butler）, P. balteata （Fabricius）, P. quadrimaculalis （Kollar ＆ Redtenbacher） and B sabinusalis （Walker） are described and illustrat...The mature larvae of four species in the genus Pleuroptya： P. chlorophanta （Butler）, P. balteata （Fabricius）, P. quadrimaculalis （Kollar ＆ Redtenbacher） and B sabinusalis （Walker） are described and illustrated. Biological notes based on larvae are provided.展开更多
Objective:To determine the larval habitats of mosquito fauna and possible impact of land use/land cover changes on the epidemiology of mosquito-bome diseases in Osogbo metropolis,Southwestern,Nigeria.Methods:All acces...Objective:To determine the larval habitats of mosquito fauna and possible impact of land use/land cover changes on the epidemiology of mosquito-bome diseases in Osogbo metropolis,Southwestern,Nigeria.Methods:All accessible larval habitats were surveyed between May and September,2011in Osogbo metropolis while Land Use/Land cover of the city was analyzed using 2 Lansat Multispectral Scanner satellite imagery of SPOT 1986 and T.ANDSAT TM 2009.Results:A total of six species namely,Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Aedes vittatus,Anopheles gambiae complex,Culex quinquefascialus and Erelmapodite chrysogaster were encountered during the study.The occurrence and contribution of disused tyres was significantly higher(P<0.05)than the other habitats encountered,while there were no significant differences in the contribution of gutters/run-offs.septic tanks/drums,ground pools/open drains and discarded containers lo the breeding of mosquitoes(P>0.05).The accessible land use/land covered of the study area between 1986 and 2009 showed that the wet land coverage and settlement area increased from 0.19 lo 9.09 hectare and 1.00 to 2.01 hectare respectively while the forest area decreased from 60.18 to 50.14 hectare.Conclusion:The contribution of the habitats coupled with the increasing rale of flooded environment which could provide ample breeding sites for mosquitoes call for sustained environmental sanitation and management in Osogbo metropolis.展开更多
Objective:To detect the species of larval trematodes(cercariae) in Melanopsis praemorsa snails from 5 different fresh water bodies in Palestine.Methods:A total of 1 880 Melanopsis praemona snails were collected from d...Objective:To detect the species of larval trematodes(cercariae) in Melanopsis praemorsa snails from 5 different fresh water bodies in Palestine.Methods:A total of 1 880 Melanopsis praemona snails were collected from different fresh water bodies in Palestine from October,2008 to November,2010.Cercariae in Melanopsis praemona snails were obtained by lighting and crushing methods.The behavior of cercariae was observed using a dissecting microscope.Results:Three different species of larval trematodes were identified from Melanopsis praemona snails collected only from Al-Bathan fresh water body,while snails from other water bodies were not infected. These species were microcercous cercaria,xiphidiocercaria and brevifurcate lophocercous cercaria.These cercariae called Cercaria melanopsi palestinia 1,Cercaria melanopsi palestinia H and Cercaria melanopsi palestinia III have not been described before from this snail in Palestine. The infection rate of Melanopsis praemona collected from Al-Bathan fresh water body was 5.7%, while the overall infection rate of snails collected from all fresh water bodies was 4.3%.Details are presented on the morphology and behavior of the cercariae as well as their development within the snail.Conclusions:These results have been recorded for the first time and these cercariae may be of medical and veterinary importance.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong(No.2022LZGC015)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2401400)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program,the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2400304)the Agricultural Seed Project of Shandong Key R&D Program(No.2024LZGCQY003)。
文摘Atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels are escalating at an unprecedented rate,leading to the phenomenon of ocean acidification(OA).Parental exposure to acidification has the potential to enhance offspring resilience through cross-generation plasticity.In this study,we analyzed larval growth and transcriptomic profiles in the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,a species of significant ecological relevance,under both control and elevated CO_(2)conditions experienced by their parental generation.Our findings indicate that the oyster populations exposed to OA exhibited a higher incidence of abnormalities during the D-shaped larval stage,followed by accelerated growth at the eyed stage.Through a comparative transcriptomic investigation of eyed larvae(25 d after fertilization),we observed that parental exposure to OA substantially influenced the gene expression in the offspring.Genes associated with lipid catabolism and shell formation were notably upregulated in oysters with parental OA exposure,potentially playing a role in cross-generational conditioning and conferring resilience to OA stressors.These results underscore the profound impact of OA on oyster larval development via cross-generational mechanisms and shed light on the molecular underpinnings of cross-generation plasticity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(No.2022YFD2400700)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe Open Competition Project(No.JBGS[2021]127)from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangsu Provincepartially supported by the platform project of Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals(No.2021-KJ-02-12)。
文摘Open earthen pond-based larviculture is the main method for rearing Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)larvae in China.Bacterioplankton play a vital role in aquaculture ecosystems,but their community succession throughout the larval nursery stages of E.sinensis in such systems is still poorly understood.Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing,this study characterized the dynamics of bacterioplankton communities during a complete E.sinensis larval rearing cycle in open earthen ponds.Results presented a distinct,unidirectional succession in bacterioplankton composition,characterized by a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and an increase in Actinobacteria.Live feeds(Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina)significantly affected bacterioplankton communities directly through their biological activities and indirectly by modifying the structure of phytoplankton composition.In addition to live feeds,water temperature and dissolved oxygen were key environmental factors affecting the structure of bacterioplankton communities.Biotic interactions,specifically with phytoplankton and copepods,were key drivers of bacterioplankton succession.Routine feeding practices during larval cultivation decreased bacterioplankton network complexity and strengthened community stability.Keystone taxa,specifically OTU783(Rhodobacteraceae)and OTU1235(Microbacteriaceae),played an essential role in maintaining the community stability through recruiting more rare species during the later stages despite their low abundances.These outcomes advance our understanding of the mechanisms central to bacterioplankton community succession and stability in E.sinensis larviculture systems,offering critical insights for developing sustainable aquaculture management strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11901247)Foundation for High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents of Jiangsu Province,and Research Grants for High-Level Talents of Jiangsu UniversityJun Wang was supported by NSFC of China(12371114)and National KeyR&D Program of China(2022YFA1005601).
文摘Due to deficient treatments and vaccines for dengue viruses,dengue control mainly depends on controlling mosquitoes.Suppressing wild mosquito population size by releasing male-only Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes into the field has become an eco-friendly alternative for traditional mosquito control methods.By assuming an ideal continuous proportional release strategy,we formulate a two-strain vector-host model incorporating larval competition to describe the affected cross-transmission dynamics of two dengue viruses serotypes.Moreover,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)and temporal cross-immunity are considered in this model.Theoretical analysis including the well-posedness,the existence and local stability of dengue-free equilibria in terms of the basic reproduction numbers is conducted.Sensitivity analysis indicates that the basic reproduction numbers are most sensitive to the adult female mortality rate and mosquito bite rate.As expected,intensifying larval competition can prevent the spread of dengue viruses.Unexpectedly,increasing the release ratio can delay the peak time while increase the peak level of both primary and secondary infections.To efficiently eliminate dengue outbreaks,other control methods such as spraying larvicides/adult insecticides and avoiding mosquito bites should be employed simultaneously during the time period gained by releasing Wolbachia-carrying males.
基金The project was supported by the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(Y304454)
文摘The last-instar larval external morphologies of Orthaga achatina Butler, Macalla sp. and Locastra muscosalis （Walker） of Epipaschiinae are described and illustrated. All specimens examined are deposited in the Collection of College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, China. Biological information such as living habit also is included.
文摘The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.
文摘The last-instar larval external morphologies of Illiberis tenuis (Butler), Chalcosia remota (Walker) and Pryeria sinica Moore of Zygaenidae are described and illustrated. All the specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.
文摘This study was made to describe the morphological features of larvae of Pachyligia dolosa Butle r, Cystidia stratonice (Stoll) and Planociampa antipala Prout of Ennomin ae.
文摘Variables among the macroclimate, microclimate and rice canopy categories and three other different farming systems were evaluated on their effects to the egg and larval density of Aedes spp. mosquitoes known as transmitters of animal and human diseases. No statistical difference in egg density （#eggs/mL） among farming systems （P = 0.345） were observed. However, there was significant difference in larval density （#1arvae/mL） among farming systems （P 〈 0.001） particularly between organic and conventional farms and between organic and mixed farms at （P 〈 0.05）. Among the variables in the macroclimate category, wind velocity and ambient temperature significantly influenced larval density in conventional farms. Among the variables in the microclimate category, water temperature significantly contributed to larval density in both the mixed and conventional farms whereas water turbidity, in conventional farms. Among the variables in the rice canopy category, the number of tillers per plant was a significant contributor to larval density in all farm types. No variable among the environmental exposure categories affected the larval density in organic farms.
文摘Although amphioxus is widespread in temperate and tropical seas,its population is diminishing be-cause of environmental pollution.To keep the population of this evolutionarily important animal fromdiminishing,study on its reproduction and development is necessary.The main findings in this study onthe spawning and fecundity of the amphioxus reared in laboratory and its larval development are as fol-lows.1.Water temperature markedly affected the spawning.It spawned only when water temperature reached 21℃.2.Spawning of the amphioxus in laboratory was markedly extended.Initially,the amphioxus spawned at about 7:00 PM,but spawning time was postponed as spawning days went on.3.The number of eggs produced by a female ranged from 1400 to 12800,average of 5800.This al-so represents the fecundity of the amphioxus because it shedded all eggs within the ovary at a time.4.During the first few months of life of the amphioxus,its growth rate changed seasonally.Thegrowth rate in summer and fall was greater than that
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31372264)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest,China (201203036)
文摘Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors （ORs） located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP cDNA, namely SexiOBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） measurement indicated that SexiOBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of SexiOBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, SexiOBP13 displayed a high binding affinity （Ki=3.82 IJmol L-1） to Z9,E12-14：Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles （Ki〉27 μmol L-l）. The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12-14：Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that SexiOBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41673076)the Major Agriculture Program of Ningbo(No.2017C110007)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System-CARS48the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘A mass mortality often occurs from molting to the megalopa stage during the larval development of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Larvae with insuffcient nutrient accumulation during the zoeal stages are probably unable to develop into juvenile swimming crabs. However, the nutritional information such as the primary metabolites is scarce for P. trituberculatus larvae. The aim of this work is to obtain an insight into the metabolite traits of P. trituberculatus at early developmental stages. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis was used to determine how the metabolite pro?les shift during larval development in P. trituberculatus. Our results show that the trend of total metabolites exhibited a rise from zoea 1 to zoea 3, followed by a drop from zoea 4 to megalopa and recovery during the ?rst juvenile stage. A large-scale depletion of total metabolites in the zoea 4 and megalopa stages suggests a deep depression of metabolic activity, which may be linked to the mass mortality from molting to the megalopa stage. These ?ndings provided essential metabolic information about the larval development of P. trituberculatus and important clues for understanding the nutritional requirements of P. trituberculatus in early developmental stages.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31302206)the Postdoctoral Applied Research Project of Qingdao(No.Q51201607)
文摘The effects of an exogenous probiotic( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on microbial community structure of B ranchionus plicatils and A rtemia sinica were evaluated in this study during turbot( Scophthalmus maximus) larval breeding. The analysis and comparison of the microfloral composition of live feed with probiotic was conducted using the Illumina HiSeq PE250. The abundance of microbial species and diversity of microflora in live feed with B. amyloliquefaciens were higher than those in the control. The microfloral composition was similar among the three replicate experimental groups of B. plicatils compared with the control after enrichment. L actococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, and Alteromonas were always dominant. Additionally, some other bacterial species became dominant during the enrichment process. The microbial community during nutrient enrichment of A. sinica was rather similar among the three control replicates. Relative abundance of Cobetia sp., the most dominant species, was 54%–65.2%. Similarity in the microbial community was still high after adding B. amyloliquefaciens. Furthermore, P seudoalteromonas and Alteromonas replaced Cobetia as the dominant species, and the abundance of Cobetia decreased to 4.3%–25.3%. Mean common ratios at the operational taxonomic unit level were 50%–60% between the two B. plicatils and A. sinica treatments. Therefore, the microbial community structure changed after adding B. amyloliquefaciens during nutrient enrichment of B. plicatils or A. sinica and tended to stabilize. Additionally, the abundance of V ibrio in any kind of live feed was not significantly dif ferent from that in the control. These results will help improve the microflora of B. plicatils and A. sinica and can be used to understand the multiple-level transfer role of probiotic species among probiotic products, microflora of live feed, and fish larvae.
基金financial support from Zhang Zidao Sland Group Co.,Ltd. for the project (99801214)
文摘Bacterial community presumably plays an essential role in inhibiting pathogen colonization and maintaining the health of scallop larvae, but limiting data are available for Yesso scallop （Patinopecten yessoensisis Jay, 1857） larval development stages. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the bacterial communities associating with Yesso scallop larval development at fertilized egg S l, trochophora S2, D-shaped larvae S3, umbo larvae S4, and juvenile scallop S5 stages by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Genomic DNA was extracted from the larvae and their associating baetera, and a gene segment covering V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using an Illumina Miseq sequencer. Overall, 106760 qualified sequences with an average length of 449 bp were obtained. Sequences were compared with those retrieved from 16S rRNA gene databases, and 4 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders, 21 families, 31 genera were identified. Proteobacteria was predominant phylum, accounting for more than 99%, at all 5 larval development stages. At genus level, Pseudomonas was dominant at stages S1 （80.60%）, S2 （87.77%） and S5 （68.71%）, followed by Photobacterium （17.06%） and Aeromonas （1.64%） at stage S1, Serratia （6.94%）, Stenotrophomonas （3.08%） and Acinetobacter （1.2%） at stage S2, Shewanella （25.95%） and Pseudoalteromonas （4.57%） at stage S5. Moreover, genus Pseudoal- teromonas became dominant at stages S3 （44.85%） and S4 （56.02%）, followed by Photobacterium （29.82%）, Pseudomonas （11.86%）, Aliivibrio （8.60%） and Shewanella （3.39%） at stage S3, Pseudomonas （18.16%）, Aliivibrio （14.29%）, Shewanella （4.11%）, Psychro- monas （4.04%） and Psychrobacter （1.81%） at stage S4. From the results, we concluded that the bacterial community changed sig- nificantly at different development stages of Yesso Scallop larvae.
基金supported by the National Project of ScienceTechnology for the 11th Five-Year Plan in China (Grant No. 2006BADO8A12)
文摘The artemisia weevil, Adosomus sp., has become an important wormwood （Artemisa ordosoca and A. sphaerocephala） pest in recent years in Ningxia Province, China. The number of larval instars should be determined before further studies on its life history, biology and integrate management of pest （IMP）. In this study, we measured the length and width of head capsule, based on frequency histograms and Dyar＇s law, from which we concluded that the larvae ofAdosomus sp. have four instars. Of the two variables measured, the width of head capsule provided the best division of instars. The average width of head capsule of the 1st instar larvae was 1.348±0.152 mm, the 2nd 2.109±0.199 mm, the 3rd 3.563±0.492 mm and the 4th 5.974±0.581 mm.
基金Supported by the Special Research Fund for the National Non-profit Institutes (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute) (2008M11, 2007M08)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41001188)National Basic Research Program (973) of China (2010CB429005)
文摘Aromatic hydrocarbons,one of the persistent organic pollutants（POPs）,has been usually found in mussels,accumulated for their hard mobility and activities in harbours and estuaries.In this study,based on the 96 hr-LC50 of 12 aromatic hydrocarbons with larval sinonvaculina constricta,three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship（3D-QSAR） technique：comparative molecular similarity indices analysis（CoMSIA） and 2D-QSAR technique：multiple linear regression（MLR） were described to obtain more detailed insight into the structure-activity relationships between the molecular structure and bio-activity.The results show the MLR model based on density functional theory（DFT） calculation carried out at the B3LYP/6-311＊＊ level with Gaussian 03 program yielded a very good correlation with a coefficient squared R2 of 0.716 and a cross-validated Q2 of 0.874.The dipole moment and enthalpy,as the thermodynamic parameters,were two important factors influencing pLC50.Correspondingly,CoMSIA based on the partial least-squares（PLS） methodology with steric,electrostatic,hydrophobic,H-bond donor and acceptor fields contributing simultaneously were employed and the values of R2 and the cross validation with leave-One-Out（LOO） Q2LOO were 0.585 and 0.990,respectively,which reveals the structure features,such as the electronegative substituent（nitro-group）,hydrophobic groups（the benzene ring） and H-bond（nitro-group）,related to the toxicity.The results of 2D-QSAR employing MLR model and 3D-QSAR employing CoMSIA model provide the useful information for predicting the toxicity of other aromatic hydrocarbons by comparing the molecular structures of similar compounds.
基金financial support from Research Deputy of Hormzgan University of Medical Sciences(Project No.3232)
文摘Objective:To determine the effects of environmental parameters of lanal habitats on distribution and abundance of anopheline mosquitoes in Rudan county of Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted during the mosquito breeding season from February 2010 to October 2011. The anopheline larvae were collected using the standard dipping method,the specimens were identified using a morphological-based key.Simultaneously with larvay collection,environmental parameters of the larval habitats including water current and turbidity,sunlight situation,and substrate type of habitats were recorded.Water samples were taken from breeding sites during lanal collection.Before collection of samples,the water temperature was measured.The water samples were analysed for turbidity,conductivity,total alkalinity,total dissolved solid.pH and ions including chloride,sulphate,calcium,and magnesium.Statistical correlation analysis and ANOVA test were used to analyze the association between environmental parameters and larval mosquito abundance.Results:In total 2 973 lanae of the genus Anopheles were collected from 25 larval habitats and identified using morphological characters.They comprised of six species: An.dthali(53.21%),An.stephensi(24.22%),An.culicifacies(14.06%),An.superpictus(4.07%),An. turkhudi(3.30%),and An.apoci(1.14%).The most abundant species was An.dthali which were collected from all of the study areas.Larvae of two malaria vectors.An.dthali and An.stephensi, co-existed and collected in a wide range of habitats with different physico-chemical parameters. The most common larval habitats were man-made sites such as sand mining pools with clean and still water.The anopheline mosquitoes also preferred permanent habitats in sunlight with sandy substrates.The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between mean physicochemical parameters such as water temperature,conductivity,total alkalinity,sulphate,chloride, and mosquito distribution and abundance.Conclusions:The results of this study showed a correlation between certain environmental parameters and mosquito lanae abundance,and these parameters should be considered in planning and implementing larval control programs.
文摘The morphology of larval and 1st postlarval stages of Penaeus penicillatus are described.Results from comparative studies on larval development of P.penicillatus,P.merguiensis and P.chinensis are as fol-lows: These three species could not be identified during their naupliar stages. In the 1st protozoea,the antennule L1/L2 value is 1.7—2.0 in P.merguiensis,but lessthan 1.7 in P.chinensis and P.penicillatus;in the 2nd protozoea,the supra-orbital spine in P.chinensis isnot bifurcated,while those of P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus are bifurcated;in the 3rd protozoea,thereis a minute(or no)dorso-median spine on the posterior margin of the 1st and 2nd abdominal somite in P.chinensis,but they are prominent in P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus.In the mysis and 1st postlarvalstages,P.chinensis differs from P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus in having 9(8 in the other 2 species)longsetae on the exopod of pereopods 1—3;additionally,one dorsal tooth appears on the rostrum of P.chinensis in the 2nd mysis and that
文摘The mature larvae of four species in the genus Pleuroptya： P. chlorophanta （Butler）, P. balteata （Fabricius）, P. quadrimaculalis （Kollar ＆ Redtenbacher） and B sabinusalis （Walker） are described and illustrated. Biological notes based on larvae are provided.
基金supported by the Management of Osun State University,Osogbo,Nigeria(Grant No.UNIOSUN/SET 11/004)
文摘Objective:To determine the larval habitats of mosquito fauna and possible impact of land use/land cover changes on the epidemiology of mosquito-bome diseases in Osogbo metropolis,Southwestern,Nigeria.Methods:All accessible larval habitats were surveyed between May and September,2011in Osogbo metropolis while Land Use/Land cover of the city was analyzed using 2 Lansat Multispectral Scanner satellite imagery of SPOT 1986 and T.ANDSAT TM 2009.Results:A total of six species namely,Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Aedes vittatus,Anopheles gambiae complex,Culex quinquefascialus and Erelmapodite chrysogaster were encountered during the study.The occurrence and contribution of disused tyres was significantly higher(P<0.05)than the other habitats encountered,while there were no significant differences in the contribution of gutters/run-offs.septic tanks/drums,ground pools/open drains and discarded containers lo the breeding of mosquitoes(P>0.05).The accessible land use/land covered of the study area between 1986 and 2009 showed that the wet land coverage and settlement area increased from 0.19 lo 9.09 hectare and 1.00 to 2.01 hectare respectively while the forest area decreased from 60.18 to 50.14 hectare.Conclusion:The contribution of the habitats coupled with the increasing rale of flooded environment which could provide ample breeding sites for mosquitoes call for sustained environmental sanitation and management in Osogbo metropolis.
文摘Objective:To detect the species of larval trematodes(cercariae) in Melanopsis praemorsa snails from 5 different fresh water bodies in Palestine.Methods:A total of 1 880 Melanopsis praemona snails were collected from different fresh water bodies in Palestine from October,2008 to November,2010.Cercariae in Melanopsis praemona snails were obtained by lighting and crushing methods.The behavior of cercariae was observed using a dissecting microscope.Results:Three different species of larval trematodes were identified from Melanopsis praemona snails collected only from Al-Bathan fresh water body,while snails from other water bodies were not infected. These species were microcercous cercaria,xiphidiocercaria and brevifurcate lophocercous cercaria.These cercariae called Cercaria melanopsi palestinia 1,Cercaria melanopsi palestinia H and Cercaria melanopsi palestinia III have not been described before from this snail in Palestine. The infection rate of Melanopsis praemona collected from Al-Bathan fresh water body was 5.7%, while the overall infection rate of snails collected from all fresh water bodies was 4.3%.Details are presented on the morphology and behavior of the cercariae as well as their development within the snail.Conclusions:These results have been recorded for the first time and these cercariae may be of medical and veterinary importance.
