As low-altitude airspace becomes increasingly accessible and eVTOL(electric vertical take-off and landing)technologies advance,the low-altitude economy has emerged as a transformative frontier in urban mobility and in...As low-altitude airspace becomes increasingly accessible and eVTOL(electric vertical take-off and landing)technologies advance,the low-altitude economy has emerged as a transformative frontier in urban mobility and industrial restructuring.Although countries face comparable technological opportunities,their development paths diverge significantly.This divergence is shaped not only by policy choices and innovation capacity but also by underlying differences in institutional architectures,resource configurations,and implementation mechanisms.This paper proposes a Development Path Evolution Model grounded in four structural elements:technological capability,institutional systems,infrastructure,and application scenarios.Based on this framework,the study identifies three archetypal path types(technology-led,institution-led,and scenario-driven)and empirically validates the model through comparative case studies of the United States,Europe,and Japan.Applying the model to China reveals a distinct"hybrid scenario-driven path",characterized by demand-responsive pilots,decentralized institutional flexibility,and strong engineering capacity.Using Shanghai as a representative case,the study outlines five strategic levers to guide its transition from a localized pilot zone to a platform-based governance hub with national and international relevance.The research contributes to theoretical understanding of path differentiation in emerging industries and provides actionable insights for developing economies with strong mobilization capacity and industrial ecosystems.展开更多
通过深冷液化空气储能系统(liquid air energy storage,LAES)的工艺流程研究与热力学建模,立足于系统效率层面对LAES空气压缩子系统、空气液化子系统及膨胀发电子系统关键参数进行分析。分析结果定性给出了节流阀进出口温度与压力、低...通过深冷液化空气储能系统(liquid air energy storage,LAES)的工艺流程研究与热力学建模,立足于系统效率层面对LAES空气压缩子系统、空气液化子系统及膨胀发电子系统关键参数进行分析。分析结果定性给出了节流阀进出口温度与压力、低温泵效率、膨胀发电子系统释能压力与温度等因素与系统效率的耦合关系,并在此基础上通过仿真对其耦合关系进行了验证,为系统关键参数设计给出了建议,提升了系统效率,验证了LAES系统可行性。展开更多
Thermo-mechanical energy storage(TMES)technologies have attracted significant attention due to their potential for grid-scale,long-duration electricity storage,offering advantages such as minimal geographical constrai...Thermo-mechanical energy storage(TMES)technologies have attracted significant attention due to their potential for grid-scale,long-duration electricity storage,offering advantages such as minimal geographical constraints,low environmental impact,and long operational lifespans.A key benefit of TMES systems is their ability to perform energy conversion steps that enable interaction with both thermal energy consumers and prosumers,effectively functioning as combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP)systems.This paper reviews recent progress in various TMES technologies,focusing on compressed-air energy storage(CAES),liquid-air energy storage(LAES),pumped-thermal electricity storage(PTES,also known as Carnot battery),and carbon dioxide energy storage(CES),while exploring their potential applications as extended CCHP systems for trigeneration.Techno-economic analysis indicate that TMES-based CCHP systems can achieve roundtrip(power-to-power)efficiencies ranging from 40%to 130%,overall(trigeneration)energy efficiencies from 70%to 190%,and a levelized cost of energy(with cooling and heating outputs converted into equivalent electricity)between 70 and 200$/MWh.In general,the evolution of TMES-based CCHP systems into smart multi-energy management systems for cities or districts in the future is a highly promising avenue.However,current economic analyses remain incomplete,and further exploration is needed,especially in the area“AI for energy storage,”which is crucial for the widespread adoption of TMES-based CCHP systems.展开更多
文摘As low-altitude airspace becomes increasingly accessible and eVTOL(electric vertical take-off and landing)technologies advance,the low-altitude economy has emerged as a transformative frontier in urban mobility and industrial restructuring.Although countries face comparable technological opportunities,their development paths diverge significantly.This divergence is shaped not only by policy choices and innovation capacity but also by underlying differences in institutional architectures,resource configurations,and implementation mechanisms.This paper proposes a Development Path Evolution Model grounded in four structural elements:technological capability,institutional systems,infrastructure,and application scenarios.Based on this framework,the study identifies three archetypal path types(technology-led,institution-led,and scenario-driven)and empirically validates the model through comparative case studies of the United States,Europe,and Japan.Applying the model to China reveals a distinct"hybrid scenario-driven path",characterized by demand-responsive pilots,decentralized institutional flexibility,and strong engineering capacity.Using Shanghai as a representative case,the study outlines five strategic levers to guide its transition from a localized pilot zone to a platform-based governance hub with national and international relevance.The research contributes to theoretical understanding of path differentiation in emerging industries and provides actionable insights for developing economies with strong mobilization capacity and industrial ecosystems.
文摘通过深冷液化空气储能系统(liquid air energy storage,LAES)的工艺流程研究与热力学建模,立足于系统效率层面对LAES空气压缩子系统、空气液化子系统及膨胀发电子系统关键参数进行分析。分析结果定性给出了节流阀进出口温度与压力、低温泵效率、膨胀发电子系统释能压力与温度等因素与系统效率的耦合关系,并在此基础上通过仿真对其耦合关系进行了验证,为系统关键参数设计给出了建议,提升了系统效率,验证了LAES系统可行性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51906150)the Future Foundation of Energy Science(Grant No.WLNY-MS-2022-010)+1 种基金the Open Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization(Grant No.ZJUCEU2022022)the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)(Grant Nos.EP/Y017471/1,and EP/S032622/1].
文摘Thermo-mechanical energy storage(TMES)technologies have attracted significant attention due to their potential for grid-scale,long-duration electricity storage,offering advantages such as minimal geographical constraints,low environmental impact,and long operational lifespans.A key benefit of TMES systems is their ability to perform energy conversion steps that enable interaction with both thermal energy consumers and prosumers,effectively functioning as combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP)systems.This paper reviews recent progress in various TMES technologies,focusing on compressed-air energy storage(CAES),liquid-air energy storage(LAES),pumped-thermal electricity storage(PTES,also known as Carnot battery),and carbon dioxide energy storage(CES),while exploring their potential applications as extended CCHP systems for trigeneration.Techno-economic analysis indicate that TMES-based CCHP systems can achieve roundtrip(power-to-power)efficiencies ranging from 40%to 130%,overall(trigeneration)energy efficiencies from 70%to 190%,and a levelized cost of energy(with cooling and heating outputs converted into equivalent electricity)between 70 and 200$/MWh.In general,the evolution of TMES-based CCHP systems into smart multi-energy management systems for cities or districts in the future is a highly promising avenue.However,current economic analyses remain incomplete,and further exploration is needed,especially in the area“AI for energy storage,”which is crucial for the widespread adoption of TMES-based CCHP systems.
