In recent years,the obstetrics department has advocated vaginal delivery to reduce the rate of cesarean sections.However,in clinical practice,pregnant women are prone to anxiety before childbirth,making it difficult t...In recent years,the obstetrics department has advocated vaginal delivery to reduce the rate of cesarean sections.However,in clinical practice,pregnant women are prone to anxiety before childbirth,making it difficult to perform a vaginal trial delivery smoothly.The combined approach of ADIET communication and delivery rehearsal for vaginal trial delivery can provide a reference for reducing prenatal anxiety,shortening labor duration,facilitating a smooth delivery,and ensuring the safety of both mothers and babies.AIM To analyze the effect of AIDET communication combined with labor rehearsal on vaginal trial delivery.METHODS A study conducted between January 2023 and December 2023 included 200 vaginal trials.Women were randomly assigned to an observation group(100 women),which received ADIET communication plus delivery intervention,and a control group(100 women),which received routine communication plus delivery intervention.This study aimed to compare antenatal anxiety status as measured using the Maternal Anxiety Scale,labor duration,delivery efficacy as assessed using the simplified Chinese version of the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory,and delivery outcomes.RESULTS After the intervention,the observation group had a lower Maternal Anxiety Scale score and higher Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory score(P<0.05)than the control group(P<0.05),whereas the observation group had higher natural delivery,cesarean delivery,vaginal delivery,and neonatal asphyxia rates(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For women undergoing vaginal trial delivery,a combination of AIDET communication and delivery rehearsal can relieve prenatal anxiety,enhance delivery efficiency,shorten labor duration,and somewhat improve delivery outcomes.展开更多
In the era of digital capitalism with the explosion of data and information,human society will be greatly affected by digital capital,and all walks of life will be included in the chain of information-based labor prod...In the era of digital capitalism with the explosion of data and information,human society will be greatly affected by digital capital,and all walks of life will be included in the chain of information-based labor production,giving rise to a new type of labor form called“digital labor”.This paper discusses the alienation of digital labor in the context of digital capitalism,take Marx’s theory of alienated labor as the perspective,and analyze the fourfold alienation of digital labor in terms of producing products,labor process,self-realization of laborers,and social relations by combing the historical development of digital labor.Based on the above analysis,the article proposes the logical and practical paths to crack the alienation of digital labor:improve media literacy and thinking discernment,make full use of the positive effects of digital technology,and strengthen the governance of digital platforms,in order to build a fairer and more shared digital labor environment,and to realize the self-emancipation of laborers and the healthy development of the digital economy.展开更多
Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns...Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.展开更多
The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro...The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro-level, and individual level. The major factors influencing adaptation of foreign labor at each level are allocated. It is assumed between foreign workers and local communities. The author considers such aspects as the relation of local communities to arrival of foreign labor, the reasons for arrival of foreign labor to Russia and features of contact of local communities with foreign workers. This position is proved by means of a case study conducted in Yekaterinburg.展开更多
The large shift of surplus labor from agriculture to industry and services is seen in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country that has...The large shift of surplus labor from agriculture to industry and services is seen in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country that has set questions about the sustainability of rural surplus labor： is there still a source of surplus labor in rural areas？ If so, how large is the source of surplus labor and how long it can be lasting？ These questions were hotly debated in the literature abroad. But in Vietnam there is very little or hardly exchanged opinions about the concepts and methods of measurement of surplus labor in general and surplus labor in agriculture in particular. This article refers to the measurement approach of surplus labor in agriculture in Vietnam.展开更多
The reasons why labor standards law has not been enacted so far include the unreadiness of entrepreneurs and enterprises as well as legislators and the market. It is a great challenge for legislators because they need...The reasons why labor standards law has not been enacted so far include the unreadiness of entrepreneurs and enterprises as well as legislators and the market. It is a great challenge for legislators because they need to focus on the coordination of relationship between central and local labor standards legislation,on special problems of sectors or industries,on coordination of special industries and general industries. in addition to many other historical factors. The introduction of labor standards legislation must be based on a good familiarity of current situation and international labor standards,the frequent points of labor disputes in China,and the specific characteristics of different regions and industries,which is also the mission and responsibility of the legislators.展开更多
Background:Understanding the factors that influence adolescent psychological resilience is critical for promoting mental health.This study explores the impact and mechanism of labor values on adolescent psychological ...Background:Understanding the factors that influence adolescent psychological resilience is critical for promoting mental health.This study explores the impact and mechanism of labor values on adolescent psychological resilience from the perspective of emotion regulation theory.Methods:This study conducted an in-depth analysis using the Labor Value Scale on 2691 elementary school upper-grade students,middle school students,and high school students.Results:The results show that:(1)labor values can positively predict adolescents’mental resilience;(2)cognitive reappraisal and expression inhibition play a partial mediating role in the relationship between labor values and adolescents’psychological resilience.Among them,labor values can positively predict adolescents’mental resilience through positive cognitive reappraisal,and labor values can also predict adolescents’mental resilience through expression inhibition.Conclusion:Based on the theory of emotion regulation,this study explores the direct effect of labor values on mental resilience and the mediating effect of different strategies of emotion regulation.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for improving the mental resilience of adolescents.展开更多
Objectives A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor,providing evidence-based ins...Objectives A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor,providing evidence-based insights for obstetric institutions to guide interventions related to childbirth positions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,Embase,Wanfang Databases,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),and China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc)to identify studies on the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.The search included randomized controlled trials published from database inception to September 30,2024.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.Two independent reviewers screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated study quality.Subsequently,a network meta-analysis was performed using STATA software.The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO(CRD42023428217).Results This study analyzed data from 25 randomized controlled trials involving 9,844 women.The findings indicated that in comparison to lithotomy position,free position(MD=20.53,95%CI[11.38,29.68])and upright position(MD=−24.13,95%CI[−42.94,-5.32])were found to be superior in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.Free position outperformed kneeling position(MD=21.48,95%CI[4.67,38.28])and squatting position(MD=23.43,95%CI[1.88,44.97]);upright position was superior to kneeling position(MD=−25.08,95%CI[−46.93,−3.22]);semirecumbent position surpassed squatting position(MD=19.71,95%CI[2.05,37.38]);and upright position was also superior to squatting position(MD=−27.03,95%CI[−51.48,−2.57]).According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA),the upright position emerged as the most effective for reducing the duration of the second stage of labor(87.4%),followed by free position(81.1%),semirecumbent position(70.0%),and lateral position(62.3%).Conclusion These findings offer valuable insights for midwifery practice and help inform future research directions.Considering the limitations of this review,more larger-scale,multicenter randomized controlled trials are warranted to further evaluate the relative effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the rapid development of digitalization today,the platform economy,as an emerging economic form,is profoundly changing the operation mode and resource allocation methods of the labor market.The...Against the backdrop of the rapid development of digitalization today,the platform economy,as an emerging economic form,is profoundly changing the operation mode and resource allocation methods of the labor market.The efficiency of labor resource allocation is an important indicator to measure the vitality and potential of economic development in a country or region.It is not only related to the welfare level of workers but also directly affects the productivity level and development quality of the entire society.With the help of modern information technology means such as Internet technology,big data algorithms,and mobile communication devices,the platform economy closely connects originally scattered individual workers with employers,building a large and complex networked trading platform.Based on this,this paper focuses on the impact and role of the platform economy on the efficiency of labor resource allocation,aiming to stabilize the efficient operation of the labor market.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of intraspinal anesthesia combined with acupoint injection at Zusanli(ST36)and Sanyinjiao(SP6)on labor progression and delivery outcomes in full-term primiparas.Methods:A retrospec...Objective:To investigate the effects of intraspinal anesthesia combined with acupoint injection at Zusanli(ST36)and Sanyinjiao(SP6)on labor progression and delivery outcomes in full-term primiparas.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 303 full-term primiparas who delivered between July and December 2023.According to the analgesic method,the participants were divided into an observation group(n=110)and a control group(n=193).Maternal general characteristics,mode of delivery,duration of each labor stage,incidences of uterine inertia,urinary retention,and intrapartum fever,as well as neonatal outcomes,were compared between the two groups.Results:The rate of vaginal delivery in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(p<0.05).The duration of the first stage of labor was significantly shorter(p<0.05).The incidences of uterine inertia and urinary retention were both significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(p<0.05).There were no significant differences in neonatal Apgar scores or neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)transfer rates between the two groups(p>0.05).Conclusion:Intraspinal anesthesia combined with acupoint injection at Zusanli and Sanyinjiao can increase the rate of vaginal delivery,shorten the first stage of labor,and reduce obstetric interventions in full-term primiparas,without increasing adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND The full implementation of the national two-child policy has presented significant challenges in ensuring the safety of pregnant women.AIM To investigate the effect of cervical balloon fluid volume on mater...BACKGROUND The full implementation of the national two-child policy has presented significant challenges in ensuring the safety of pregnant women.AIM To investigate the effect of cervical balloon fluid volume on maternal processes,maternal and infant outcomes,and anxiety during pregnancy.METHODS A total of 100 singleton term pregnancies with cervical maturity induction and anxiety were selected using a lottery method;50 women were included.Cervical balloons were used for all participants.In the control group,80 mL of fluid was injected into both balloons;in the observation group,80 and 100 mL were injected into the vaginal and cervical balloons,respectively.The two groups were compared for cervical maturity,labor duration,anxiety,maternal and infant outcomes,and effects on cervical ripening.RESULTS After treatment,the cervical maturity test(Bishop)score was significantly higher in the observation group(9.76±1.19)than in the control group(7.62±0.83),and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale score was lower in the observation group(7.32±0.85)than in the control group(13.05±1.12).The observation group showed higher rates of natural delivery and lower rates of cesarean section than the control group.The first and total stages of labor were shorter in the observation than in the control group;no significant differences were found in the second and third stages.The incidence of complications was lower in the observation group[1(2.00%)vs 9(18.00%)for complications;49(98.00%)vs 41(82.00%)for non-complications].CONCLUSION The selected fluid volumes to promote cervical maturity and induce labor stabilize maternal mood,increase the natural delivery rate,shorten labor,and improve maternal and infant outcomes.展开更多
The marine economy has emerged as a vital driver of economic growth in both China and ASEAN countries.It encompasses a wide range of activities including fisheries,maritime transport,offshore oil and gas exploration,a...The marine economy has emerged as a vital driver of economic growth in both China and ASEAN countries.It encompasses a wide range of activities including fisheries,maritime transport,offshore oil and gas exploration,and marine tourism.At the same time,demographic structures are undergoing notable changes,with an increasing share of the older population.This trend of population aging has profound implications for various sectors,including the marine economy.Understanding the interplay between these dynamics is essential for sustainable development and policy-making.展开更多
The diffusion of industrial robot technology has coincided with increasing divergence in firms’market shares,potentially leading to enhanced market power and shifts in the distribution of factor income.This paper inv...The diffusion of industrial robot technology has coincided with increasing divergence in firms’market shares,potentially leading to enhanced market power and shifts in the distribution of factor income.This paper investigates the impact of industrial robot adoption on firms’labor income share and explores the underlying mechanisms,with particular attention to the rise of superstar firms.The findings suggest that,overall,the use of industrial robots contributes to an increase in labor’s income share,reflecting a generally favorable trend for labor’s position in primary income distribution.This effect,however,is markedly heterogeneous across different types of firms,regions,and industries.A significant concern is that robot adoption strengthens firms’relative market power within industries,fueling the emergence of superstar firms.These firms jointly influence labor income share through both a competition effect and a demonstration effect:the former is the main cause of declining labor shares,while the latter introduces a new channel through which labor’s share is further reduced.Although antitrust policies can help improve labor’s income share,they are not well-suited to curbing the market power expansion driven by industrial robot adoption.Thus,the concern over superstar firms’suppression of labor income remains.Amid the intensifying trend of“machines replacing humans”,this paper offers empirical insights into how to address the distributional implications brought about by the rise of superstar firms.展开更多
To reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in rural areas,it is crucial to explore the impact of labor mobility on the sustainable livelihoods in mountainous regions.Here,based on a questionnaire survey of ...To reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in rural areas,it is crucial to explore the impact of labor mobility on the sustainable livelihoods in mountainous regions.Here,based on a questionnaire survey of farmers and in-depth interview data in the area of the Qinling-Daba Mountains of China in 2021,we analyzed the characteristics of labor mobility,with livelihood capital as the entry point,discussed the impact of labor mobility on farmers’sustainable livelihood using propensity score matching(PSM).The res-ults showed that labor mobility was common in the Qinling-Daba Mountains area,with some form of labor mobility in 61.97%of households.The majority of households had only male mobility,and labor mobility tended to be small in scale,low in frequency,yet permanent and over long distances.Labor mobility had a significantly positive impact on farmers in mountainous regions,increasing the livelihood sustainability of rural households by 7.83%.However,the impact of labor mobility on different livelihood capital was differ-ent,which had the greatest improvement on financial capital,followed by social capital,although it weakened natural capital to some extent.Except for high-frequency mobility,the comprehensive impact of other types of labor mobility was positive.Among them,medi-um-scale mobility,seasonal mobility,inter-provincial mobility,and low-frequency mobility had more pronounced positive effects on farmers’sustainable livelihoods.Our study provided a reference to guide policy on rural migration,with the aim of providing support for the sustainable development of mountainous villages.展开更多
Labor education serves as an essential pathway for student development,offering comprehensive educational values in cultivating moral integrity,enhancing intellectual growth,strengthening physical fitness,and nurturin...Labor education serves as an essential pathway for student development,offering comprehensive educational values in cultivating moral integrity,enhancing intellectual growth,strengthening physical fitness,and nurturing aesthetic appreciation.Using traditional poetry,a cultural gene of the Chinese nation,as a medium,students can not only expand their labor knowledge and practical skills but also gain insights into traditional virtues and strengthen cultural confidence.This paper attempts to explore innovative approaches to integrating Chinese poetry education with primary school labor education.Through in-depth analysis of current labor practices in primary schools and the innovative value of these integration pathways,the study provides innovative ideas and methods for primary school labor education.The goal is to help students deepen cultural literacy through hands-on experiences,use culture as nourishment to improve their labor literacy,and achieve the educational objective of holistic development.展开更多
The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor di...The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor division system covering vertical integration and horizontal complementarity of industrial chains.From the V-shaped development model in the twentieth century to the East Asian production network in the twenty-first century,the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor in the Asia-Pacific region has been ever deepening.However,due to the region’s high dependence on the U.S.market,the division of labor model in the Asia-Pacific suffers structural problems and is relatively fragile.Under the shock of Trump 1.0,countries in the Asia-Pacific region were forced to make adaptive adjustments,causing short-term turmoil in the regional economic order.Trump’s strong return in 2025,driven by the“America First”principle,brought forth a series of policies with strong unilateralism,isolationism and protectionism tendencies within just a few months。展开更多
The fundamental right-based and human right-based nature of labor rights forms the subjective and objective theory of labor rights.The derived objective protection function and subjective realization function constitu...The fundamental right-based and human right-based nature of labor rights forms the subjective and objective theory of labor rights.The derived objective protection function and subjective realization function constitute the theoretical basis of the labor code system.The objective function of labor rights requires the labor code to provide corresponding institutional guarantees,while the subjective function demands that the code ensure the full realization of labor rights.The dual functions of labor rights are reflected in the structural framework and content logic of the labor code separately:on the one hand,labor rights can serve as the structural thread for narrating and systematically organizing the labor code,with the specific types of labor rights protection and functional systems jointly forming the framework of the code;on the other hand,the content arrangement of the labor code is guided by the value of realizing labor rights,exploring the pathways for the code’s realization of labor rights in different situations.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Some research exists on the effect of non-pharmacological approaches for labor pain relief However, there is limited information about effectiveness of breathing exercises in pregnant women to reduce mate...BACKGROUND： Some research exists on the effect of non-pharmacological approaches for labor pain relief However, there is limited information about effectiveness of breathing exercises in pregnant women to reduce maternal pain during labor. OBJECTIVE： To determine whether breathing exercises for pregnant women during the second stage of labor have beneficial effects on maternal pain, duration of labor, and the first-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration （APGAR） scores. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This randomized clinical trial involved 250 pregnant women, who were randomly divided into two groups： intervention group （IG; n = 125） and control group （CG; n = 125）. IG received one session breathing exercise training and performed breathing exercises during the second stage of labor versus the CG that did not receive any breathing exercise training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The effects of breathing exercises on maternal pain were determined by Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）, duration of the second stage of labor, and the first-minute APGAR scores. RESULTS： The mean age of the participants was （23.2 _＋ 4.2） （range： 18 to 42） years. Both IG and CG had similar baseline characteristics in terms of age, education level, occupation, and smoking （P 〉 0.05）. The mean VAS scores of IG and CG were （88.2 ＋_ 6.3） and （90.5 ＋_ 7.0）, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The duration of the second stage of labor was （369.6 ＋ 92.0） s for IG and （440.7 ＋ 142.5） s for CG （P 〈 0.001 ）. The mean first-minute APGAR scores were （8.84 ＋ 0.50） for IG and （8.73 ＋ 0.89） for CG （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Based on this study, breathing exercises with deep inhalation and exhalation in pregnant women are effective in reducing the perception of labor pain and shortening the duration of the second stage of delivery. Therefore, we recommend breathing exercises as an effective modality for labor pain management and shortening the duration of labor. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This study is registered on the website of ClinicalTrials.gov （www.clinicaltrials.gov） with the number of NCT03066973.展开更多
Rising labor opportunity cost is one of the most important characteristics of farmers' economic environment in present China,and brings great agricultural land use changes correspondingly.Based on the stratified r...Rising labor opportunity cost is one of the most important characteristics of farmers' economic environment in present China,and brings great agricultural land use changes correspondingly.Based on the stratified random sample of rural households in Sui County,this paper estimates the opportunity cost of farm labors,and then analyzes its effect on farmers' agricultural land use decisions.The findings show that the households with higher labor opportunity cost are more likely to reduce labor intensity and increase labor-saving input in their land use decisions.From the descriptive analysis,we also find these households always prefer grain crop planting,reduce yield-raising input or even rent out their cultivated land.As labor and yield-raising input are two essential positive factors for grain production,continuous declining of labor input and yield-raising input caused by rising labor opportunity cost may influence the grain yield per unit area in the future.展开更多
文摘In recent years,the obstetrics department has advocated vaginal delivery to reduce the rate of cesarean sections.However,in clinical practice,pregnant women are prone to anxiety before childbirth,making it difficult to perform a vaginal trial delivery smoothly.The combined approach of ADIET communication and delivery rehearsal for vaginal trial delivery can provide a reference for reducing prenatal anxiety,shortening labor duration,facilitating a smooth delivery,and ensuring the safety of both mothers and babies.AIM To analyze the effect of AIDET communication combined with labor rehearsal on vaginal trial delivery.METHODS A study conducted between January 2023 and December 2023 included 200 vaginal trials.Women were randomly assigned to an observation group(100 women),which received ADIET communication plus delivery intervention,and a control group(100 women),which received routine communication plus delivery intervention.This study aimed to compare antenatal anxiety status as measured using the Maternal Anxiety Scale,labor duration,delivery efficacy as assessed using the simplified Chinese version of the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory,and delivery outcomes.RESULTS After the intervention,the observation group had a lower Maternal Anxiety Scale score and higher Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory score(P<0.05)than the control group(P<0.05),whereas the observation group had higher natural delivery,cesarean delivery,vaginal delivery,and neonatal asphyxia rates(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For women undergoing vaginal trial delivery,a combination of AIDET communication and delivery rehearsal can relieve prenatal anxiety,enhance delivery efficiency,shorten labor duration,and somewhat improve delivery outcomes.
文摘In the era of digital capitalism with the explosion of data and information,human society will be greatly affected by digital capital,and all walks of life will be included in the chain of information-based labor production,giving rise to a new type of labor form called“digital labor”.This paper discusses the alienation of digital labor in the context of digital capitalism,take Marx’s theory of alienated labor as the perspective,and analyze the fourfold alienation of digital labor in terms of producing products,labor process,self-realization of laborers,and social relations by combing the historical development of digital labor.Based on the above analysis,the article proposes the logical and practical paths to crack the alienation of digital labor:improve media literacy and thinking discernment,make full use of the positive effects of digital technology,and strengthen the governance of digital platforms,in order to build a fairer and more shared digital labor environment,and to realize the self-emancipation of laborers and the healthy development of the digital economy.
基金result of the“Research on ESG Supply Chain Governance and Labor Rights Protection”(Project Number SUFE-ESG-20250315)a general subject project of the Fullgoal Institute for ESG Research,SUFE in 2025.
文摘Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.
文摘The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro-level, and individual level. The major factors influencing adaptation of foreign labor at each level are allocated. It is assumed between foreign workers and local communities. The author considers such aspects as the relation of local communities to arrival of foreign labor, the reasons for arrival of foreign labor to Russia and features of contact of local communities with foreign workers. This position is proved by means of a case study conducted in Yekaterinburg.
文摘The large shift of surplus labor from agriculture to industry and services is seen in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country that has set questions about the sustainability of rural surplus labor： is there still a source of surplus labor in rural areas？ If so, how large is the source of surplus labor and how long it can be lasting？ These questions were hotly debated in the literature abroad. But in Vietnam there is very little or hardly exchanged opinions about the concepts and methods of measurement of surplus labor in general and surplus labor in agriculture in particular. This article refers to the measurement approach of surplus labor in agriculture in Vietnam.
基金a staged achievement of the project of The National Social Science Fund of China,“A study on how labor standards respond to collective clash between capital and labor under the new normal”(15BGL184)。
文摘The reasons why labor standards law has not been enacted so far include the unreadiness of entrepreneurs and enterprises as well as legislators and the market. It is a great challenge for legislators because they need to focus on the coordination of relationship between central and local labor standards legislation,on special problems of sectors or industries,on coordination of special industries and general industries. in addition to many other historical factors. The introduction of labor standards legislation must be based on a good familiarity of current situation and international labor standards,the frequent points of labor disputes in China,and the specific characteristics of different regions and industries,which is also the mission and responsibility of the legislators.
基金supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial EducationDepartment(23B1133):How Labor Affects Moral Development:Based on the perspective of mixed research methods.
文摘Background:Understanding the factors that influence adolescent psychological resilience is critical for promoting mental health.This study explores the impact and mechanism of labor values on adolescent psychological resilience from the perspective of emotion regulation theory.Methods:This study conducted an in-depth analysis using the Labor Value Scale on 2691 elementary school upper-grade students,middle school students,and high school students.Results:The results show that:(1)labor values can positively predict adolescents’mental resilience;(2)cognitive reappraisal and expression inhibition play a partial mediating role in the relationship between labor values and adolescents’psychological resilience.Among them,labor values can positively predict adolescents’mental resilience through positive cognitive reappraisal,and labor values can also predict adolescents’mental resilience through expression inhibition.Conclusion:Based on the theory of emotion regulation,this study explores the direct effect of labor values on mental resilience and the mediating effect of different strategies of emotion regulation.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for improving the mental resilience of adolescents.
基金the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University for supporting this project。
文摘Objectives A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor,providing evidence-based insights for obstetric institutions to guide interventions related to childbirth positions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,Embase,Wanfang Databases,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),and China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc)to identify studies on the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.The search included randomized controlled trials published from database inception to September 30,2024.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.Two independent reviewers screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated study quality.Subsequently,a network meta-analysis was performed using STATA software.The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO(CRD42023428217).Results This study analyzed data from 25 randomized controlled trials involving 9,844 women.The findings indicated that in comparison to lithotomy position,free position(MD=20.53,95%CI[11.38,29.68])and upright position(MD=−24.13,95%CI[−42.94,-5.32])were found to be superior in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.Free position outperformed kneeling position(MD=21.48,95%CI[4.67,38.28])and squatting position(MD=23.43,95%CI[1.88,44.97]);upright position was superior to kneeling position(MD=−25.08,95%CI[−46.93,−3.22]);semirecumbent position surpassed squatting position(MD=19.71,95%CI[2.05,37.38]);and upright position was also superior to squatting position(MD=−27.03,95%CI[−51.48,−2.57]).According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA),the upright position emerged as the most effective for reducing the duration of the second stage of labor(87.4%),followed by free position(81.1%),semirecumbent position(70.0%),and lateral position(62.3%).Conclusion These findings offer valuable insights for midwifery practice and help inform future research directions.Considering the limitations of this review,more larger-scale,multicenter randomized controlled trials are warranted to further evaluate the relative effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.
文摘Against the backdrop of the rapid development of digitalization today,the platform economy,as an emerging economic form,is profoundly changing the operation mode and resource allocation methods of the labor market.The efficiency of labor resource allocation is an important indicator to measure the vitality and potential of economic development in a country or region.It is not only related to the welfare level of workers but also directly affects the productivity level and development quality of the entire society.With the help of modern information technology means such as Internet technology,big data algorithms,and mobile communication devices,the platform economy closely connects originally scattered individual workers with employers,building a large and complex networked trading platform.Based on this,this paper focuses on the impact and role of the platform economy on the efficiency of labor resource allocation,aiming to stabilize the efficient operation of the labor market.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of intraspinal anesthesia combined with acupoint injection at Zusanli(ST36)and Sanyinjiao(SP6)on labor progression and delivery outcomes in full-term primiparas.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 303 full-term primiparas who delivered between July and December 2023.According to the analgesic method,the participants were divided into an observation group(n=110)and a control group(n=193).Maternal general characteristics,mode of delivery,duration of each labor stage,incidences of uterine inertia,urinary retention,and intrapartum fever,as well as neonatal outcomes,were compared between the two groups.Results:The rate of vaginal delivery in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(p<0.05).The duration of the first stage of labor was significantly shorter(p<0.05).The incidences of uterine inertia and urinary retention were both significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(p<0.05).There were no significant differences in neonatal Apgar scores or neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)transfer rates between the two groups(p>0.05).Conclusion:Intraspinal anesthesia combined with acupoint injection at Zusanli and Sanyinjiao can increase the rate of vaginal delivery,shorten the first stage of labor,and reduce obstetric interventions in full-term primiparas,without increasing adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Maternal and Child Health Research Project,No.FYKY202202.
文摘BACKGROUND The full implementation of the national two-child policy has presented significant challenges in ensuring the safety of pregnant women.AIM To investigate the effect of cervical balloon fluid volume on maternal processes,maternal and infant outcomes,and anxiety during pregnancy.METHODS A total of 100 singleton term pregnancies with cervical maturity induction and anxiety were selected using a lottery method;50 women were included.Cervical balloons were used for all participants.In the control group,80 mL of fluid was injected into both balloons;in the observation group,80 and 100 mL were injected into the vaginal and cervical balloons,respectively.The two groups were compared for cervical maturity,labor duration,anxiety,maternal and infant outcomes,and effects on cervical ripening.RESULTS After treatment,the cervical maturity test(Bishop)score was significantly higher in the observation group(9.76±1.19)than in the control group(7.62±0.83),and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale score was lower in the observation group(7.32±0.85)than in the control group(13.05±1.12).The observation group showed higher rates of natural delivery and lower rates of cesarean section than the control group.The first and total stages of labor were shorter in the observation than in the control group;no significant differences were found in the second and third stages.The incidence of complications was lower in the observation group[1(2.00%)vs 9(18.00%)for complications;49(98.00%)vs 41(82.00%)for non-complications].CONCLUSION The selected fluid volumes to promote cervical maturity and induce labor stabilize maternal mood,increase the natural delivery rate,shorten labor,and improve maternal and infant outcomes.
文摘The marine economy has emerged as a vital driver of economic growth in both China and ASEAN countries.It encompasses a wide range of activities including fisheries,maritime transport,offshore oil and gas exploration,and marine tourism.At the same time,demographic structures are undergoing notable changes,with an increasing share of the older population.This trend of population aging has profound implications for various sectors,including the marine economy.Understanding the interplay between these dynamics is essential for sustainable development and policy-making.
基金supported by General Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC),“Mechanisms and Strategies of Artificial Intelligence’s Impact on Inter-firm Wage Disparities”(Grant No.21BJY097).
文摘The diffusion of industrial robot technology has coincided with increasing divergence in firms’market shares,potentially leading to enhanced market power and shifts in the distribution of factor income.This paper investigates the impact of industrial robot adoption on firms’labor income share and explores the underlying mechanisms,with particular attention to the rise of superstar firms.The findings suggest that,overall,the use of industrial robots contributes to an increase in labor’s income share,reflecting a generally favorable trend for labor’s position in primary income distribution.This effect,however,is markedly heterogeneous across different types of firms,regions,and industries.A significant concern is that robot adoption strengthens firms’relative market power within industries,fueling the emergence of superstar firms.These firms jointly influence labor income share through both a competition effect and a demonstration effect:the former is the main cause of declining labor shares,while the latter introduces a new channel through which labor’s share is further reduced.Although antitrust policies can help improve labor’s income share,they are not well-suited to curbing the market power expansion driven by industrial robot adoption.Thus,the concern over superstar firms’suppression of labor income remains.Amid the intensifying trend of“machines replacing humans”,this paper offers empirical insights into how to address the distributional implications brought about by the rise of superstar firms.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371313,41971268)。
文摘To reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in rural areas,it is crucial to explore the impact of labor mobility on the sustainable livelihoods in mountainous regions.Here,based on a questionnaire survey of farmers and in-depth interview data in the area of the Qinling-Daba Mountains of China in 2021,we analyzed the characteristics of labor mobility,with livelihood capital as the entry point,discussed the impact of labor mobility on farmers’sustainable livelihood using propensity score matching(PSM).The res-ults showed that labor mobility was common in the Qinling-Daba Mountains area,with some form of labor mobility in 61.97%of households.The majority of households had only male mobility,and labor mobility tended to be small in scale,low in frequency,yet permanent and over long distances.Labor mobility had a significantly positive impact on farmers in mountainous regions,increasing the livelihood sustainability of rural households by 7.83%.However,the impact of labor mobility on different livelihood capital was differ-ent,which had the greatest improvement on financial capital,followed by social capital,although it weakened natural capital to some extent.Except for high-frequency mobility,the comprehensive impact of other types of labor mobility was positive.Among them,medi-um-scale mobility,seasonal mobility,inter-provincial mobility,and low-frequency mobility had more pronounced positive effects on farmers’sustainable livelihoods.Our study provided a reference to guide policy on rural migration,with the aim of providing support for the sustainable development of mountainous villages.
文摘Labor education serves as an essential pathway for student development,offering comprehensive educational values in cultivating moral integrity,enhancing intellectual growth,strengthening physical fitness,and nurturing aesthetic appreciation.Using traditional poetry,a cultural gene of the Chinese nation,as a medium,students can not only expand their labor knowledge and practical skills but also gain insights into traditional virtues and strengthen cultural confidence.This paper attempts to explore innovative approaches to integrating Chinese poetry education with primary school labor education.Through in-depth analysis of current labor practices in primary schools and the innovative value of these integration pathways,the study provides innovative ideas and methods for primary school labor education.The goal is to help students deepen cultural literacy through hands-on experiences,use culture as nourishment to improve their labor literacy,and achieve the educational objective of holistic development.
文摘The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor division system covering vertical integration and horizontal complementarity of industrial chains.From the V-shaped development model in the twentieth century to the East Asian production network in the twenty-first century,the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor in the Asia-Pacific region has been ever deepening.However,due to the region’s high dependence on the U.S.market,the division of labor model in the Asia-Pacific suffers structural problems and is relatively fragile.Under the shock of Trump 1.0,countries in the Asia-Pacific region were forced to make adaptive adjustments,causing short-term turmoil in the regional economic order.Trump’s strong return in 2025,driven by the“America First”principle,brought forth a series of policies with strong unilateralism,isolationism and protectionism tendencies within just a few months。
基金“Research on Supporting and Regulating the Development of New Forms of Employment”(Project Number HZ05)2023 Key Research Project on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law sponsored by East China University of Political Science and Law,and“Research on Family Leave Promotion Legislation”(Project Number 2023-1-014)under the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Cultivation Project of East China University of Political Science and Law.
文摘The fundamental right-based and human right-based nature of labor rights forms the subjective and objective theory of labor rights.The derived objective protection function and subjective realization function constitute the theoretical basis of the labor code system.The objective function of labor rights requires the labor code to provide corresponding institutional guarantees,while the subjective function demands that the code ensure the full realization of labor rights.The dual functions of labor rights are reflected in the structural framework and content logic of the labor code separately:on the one hand,labor rights can serve as the structural thread for narrating and systematically organizing the labor code,with the specific types of labor rights protection and functional systems jointly forming the framework of the code;on the other hand,the content arrangement of the labor code is guided by the value of realizing labor rights,exploring the pathways for the code’s realization of labor rights in different situations.
文摘BACKGROUND： Some research exists on the effect of non-pharmacological approaches for labor pain relief However, there is limited information about effectiveness of breathing exercises in pregnant women to reduce maternal pain during labor. OBJECTIVE： To determine whether breathing exercises for pregnant women during the second stage of labor have beneficial effects on maternal pain, duration of labor, and the first-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration （APGAR） scores. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This randomized clinical trial involved 250 pregnant women, who were randomly divided into two groups： intervention group （IG; n = 125） and control group （CG; n = 125）. IG received one session breathing exercise training and performed breathing exercises during the second stage of labor versus the CG that did not receive any breathing exercise training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The effects of breathing exercises on maternal pain were determined by Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）, duration of the second stage of labor, and the first-minute APGAR scores. RESULTS： The mean age of the participants was （23.2 _＋ 4.2） （range： 18 to 42） years. Both IG and CG had similar baseline characteristics in terms of age, education level, occupation, and smoking （P 〉 0.05）. The mean VAS scores of IG and CG were （88.2 ＋_ 6.3） and （90.5 ＋_ 7.0）, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The duration of the second stage of labor was （369.6 ＋ 92.0） s for IG and （440.7 ＋ 142.5） s for CG （P 〈 0.001 ）. The mean first-minute APGAR scores were （8.84 ＋ 0.50） for IG and （8.73 ＋ 0.89） for CG （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Based on this study, breathing exercises with deep inhalation and exhalation in pregnant women are effective in reducing the perception of labor pain and shortening the duration of the second stage of delivery. Therefore, we recommend breathing exercises as an effective modality for labor pain management and shortening the duration of labor. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This study is registered on the website of ClinicalTrials.gov （www.clinicaltrials.gov） with the number of NCT03066973.
基金Under the auspices of National Science Foundation of China(Grant no.40971062)
文摘Rising labor opportunity cost is one of the most important characteristics of farmers' economic environment in present China,and brings great agricultural land use changes correspondingly.Based on the stratified random sample of rural households in Sui County,this paper estimates the opportunity cost of farm labors,and then analyzes its effect on farmers' agricultural land use decisions.The findings show that the households with higher labor opportunity cost are more likely to reduce labor intensity and increase labor-saving input in their land use decisions.From the descriptive analysis,we also find these households always prefer grain crop planting,reduce yield-raising input or even rent out their cultivated land.As labor and yield-raising input are two essential positive factors for grain production,continuous declining of labor input and yield-raising input caused by rising labor opportunity cost may influence the grain yield per unit area in the future.
