[Objectives]To compare the leaf morphology and leaf venation patterns of Hedyotis auricularia L.and its adulterants,such as Mitracarpus hirtus(L.)DC.,Spermacoce pusilla Wall.and Spermacoce alata Aubl.,produced in Guan...[Objectives]To compare the leaf morphology and leaf venation patterns of Hedyotis auricularia L.and its adulterants,such as Mitracarpus hirtus(L.)DC.,Spermacoce pusilla Wall.and Spermacoce alata Aubl.,produced in Guangxi,so as to provide a simple and rapid identification method for the identification of H.auricularia L.in Guangxi.[Methods]LMVP(leaf morphology-venation pattern)identification method was used to study the characteristics of leaf morphology-venation pattern.[Results]Characteristics of leaf morphology-venation pattern:(i)H.auricularia L.:circular knotted-curved pinnate leaf venation without reaching the margin;the primary veins run straight without branches,the number of secondary veins is 5 to 9,and the angles included in tertiary veins are mostly near right angles or obtuse angles.(ii)M.hirtus(L.)DC.:curved pinnate leaf venation without reaching the margin;the primary veins run straight without obvious changes,the number of secondary veins is 3 to 5,and the tertiary veins are slender,and the included angles are mostly acute.(iii)S.pusilla Wall.:curved leaf venation without reaching the leaf margin;there are 4 to 5 pairs of secondary veins,most of which are opposite;the angle between the secondary veins and the primary veins in the middle and near the petiole is mostly medium acute angle,and the extension of the tertiary veins has no fixed direction.(iv)S.alata Aubl.:circular knotted-curved pinnate leaf venation;the primary veins are convex and straight without branches,and there are 4 to 6 pairs of secondary veins,alternating.The angle between secondary veins and primary veins is mostly medium acute angle,the angle between tertiary veins and secondary veins is near right angle,and the tertiary veins are mostly transversely extended.[Conclusions]The leaf morphology-venation patterns of the above-mentioned H.auricularia L.and M.hirtus(L.)DC.,S.pusilla Wall.,and S.alata Aubl.can be used as their identification features,and the identification method has certain operability,which provides an identification idea for the identification of Chinese herbal medicines.展开更多
From the seeds of Peganum harmala L.,three new alkaloids ofβ-carboline were isolated.Among them,peganumiums A(1)and B(2)were dimers with specific new scaffolds,all with long conjugated systems.Peganumium A and peganu...From the seeds of Peganum harmala L.,three new alkaloids ofβ-carboline were isolated.Among them,peganumiums A(1)and B(2)were dimers with specific new scaffolds,all with long conjugated systems.Peganumium A and peganumium C(3)were ionic alkaloid salts and peganumium B was a hexacycliccondensed alkaloid.The biosynthetic pathways of the three compounds above were also speculated.A preliminary cytotoxicity assay revealed that peganumium B had strong in vitro antiproliferative ability against a variety of cancer cells.The analysis of^(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomics suggested that the antiproliferative mechanism of peganumium B could be associated with the biosynthesis of phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan,the metabolism of glycine,serine,and threonine,the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine,and the metabolism of nicotinate and nicotinamide.In addition,peganumium B could reduce the mitochondrial content of body-wall muscle cells of a Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)strain in vivo.展开更多
Bentonite is a very useful material for improving soil properties,which enhances the ability of plants to grow and produce in different conditions.The experiment was carried out in an agricultural nursery in one of th...Bentonite is a very useful material for improving soil properties,which enhances the ability of plants to grow and produce in different conditions.The experiment was carried out in an agricultural nursery in one of the areas of the City of Diwaniyah,in a house covered with green netting,with a shade rate of 25%,to study the effect of bentonite and humic acid on the growth and flowering of a Catharanthus roseus L.plant in sandy soil.The experiment included two factors:the first factor was bentonite clay,and the second factor was humic acid.Using a randomized complete block design(R.C.B.D)with three replications,data were analyzed using the analysis of variance(ANOVA)method,and comparison was made according to the least significant difference(L.S.D)test at a probability level of 0.05.The experiment consisted of adding bentonite clay at 0,2,6,and 8 g L-1,humic acid at 0,0.5,1,and 10 g L-1.The results showed that adding bentonite clay and humic acid to sandy soil can have a significant positive effect on the growth and flowering of the Catharanthus roseus plant grown in poor sandy soil conditions.Bentonite,clay and humic acid were added at concentrations of 8 and 10 g L-1,which led to an increase in plant height and number of leaves and leaf area.They reached 30.07,23.84 cm2,76.62,63.42 cm2 for leaf-1 and 24.73,20.22 cm2 for leaf-1,respectively.The results also showed an increase in the content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)in leaves by 2.27,1.92,1.99%and 1.51,1.22,1.77%.This also led to an increase in chlorophyll pigment and anthocyanin at the highest concentration and gave the highest value.Therefore,adding bentonite and humic acid together gave the highest values in vegetative and chemical characteristics,compared to treatments without addition.展开更多
One of agriculture’s major challenges is the low efficiency of phosphate(Pi)use,which leads to increased costs,harmful environmental impacts,and the depletion of phosphorus(P)resources.The TaPHT1;6 gene,which encodes...One of agriculture’s major challenges is the low efficiency of phosphate(Pi)use,which leads to increased costs,harmful environmental impacts,and the depletion of phosphorus(P)resources.The TaPHT1;6 gene,which encodes a high-affinity Pi transporter(PHT),plays a crucial role in Pi absorption and transport.In this study,the promoter and coding regions of three TaPHT1;6 gene copies on chromosomes 5A,5B,and 5D were individually amplified and sequenced from 167 common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars.Sequence analysis revealed 16 allelic variation sites within the promoters of TaPHT1;6-5B among these cultivars,forming three distinct haplotypes:Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3.Field trials were conducted over two years to compare wheat genotypes with these haplotypes,focusing on assessing plant dry weight,grain yield,P content,Pi fertilizer absorption efficiency,and Pi fertilizer utilization efficiency.Results indicated that Hap3 represented the favored Pi-efficient haplotype.Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the Hap3 promoter,carrying the identified allelic variation sites,exhibited higher gene-driven capability,leading to increased expression levels of the TaPHT1;6-5B gene.We developed a distributed cleaved amplified polymorphic site marker(dCAPS-571)to distinguish Hap3 from the other two haplotypes based on these allelic variation sites,presenting an opportunity for breeding Pi-efficient wheat cultivars.This study successfully identified polymorphic sites on TaPHT1;6-5B associated with Pi efficiency and developed a functional molecular marker to facilitate future breeding endeavors.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geogra...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geographical origins. The identification and quantification of fatty acids and the polyphenolic profile were carried out by GC-MS and HPLC-UV, respectively. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters allowed the identification and quantification of 18 fatty acids. Oils from unwashed seeds were richer in palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and arachidic (C20:0) acids. In addition, HPLC-UV analysis at 279 nm shows that oils from unwashed seeds are richer in tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. With regard to the polyphenolic profile, gallic acid and quercetin were not detected in these baobab oils. Principal component analysis of fatty acid and phenolic compound content showed that oils from unwashed seeds would best preserve their chemical and associated potential bioactive characteristics.展开更多
Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the...Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.展开更多
Background Unravelling the relationship between trichome density and resistance to jassids in upland cotton,nine parental lines,viz.MCU 5,CO 14,CO 17,TCH 1828,KC 2,KC 3,GISV 323,GTHV 15–34,and RHC 1409 were obtained ...Background Unravelling the relationship between trichome density and resistance to jassids in upland cotton,nine parental lines,viz.MCU 5,CO 14,CO 17,TCH 1828,KC 2,KC 3,GISV 323,GTHV 15–34,and RHC 1409 were obtained from the Tamilnadu Agricultural University.These genotypes were subjected to molecular analysis using 27 primers,merely the JESPR 154 primer amplifying a 150-bp fragment in genotypes exhibiting the pubescence.Result This finding validated the association between pubescence and jassid resistance.Further analysis revealed that resistant genotypes(KC 3,GTHV 15–34,GISV 323,and RHC 1409)exhibited significantly higher trichome densities and length compared with susceptible genotypes.These results stalwartly support the hypothesis that trichomes play a pivotal role in conferring resistance to jassids in upland cotton.Conclusion By breeding cotton varieties with increased trichome density and length,it is possible to reduce jassid infestations,thereby decreasing the reliance on chemical pesticides and promoting a more sustainable agricultural environment.展开更多
The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.i...The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.in Morocco,specifically in the jbel Sidi Ali El Jawzi area,within the territorial commune of Asjen,Ouezzane Province(Pre-Rif region).During a botanical survey conducted in May 2022,a population of L.candidum was identified,marking its first recorded presence in the country.Morphological characteristics were analyzed and compared with existing descriptions in the literature to confirm species identification.The species was found in a humid microclimate with calcareous soils,suggesting specific ecological requirements that facilitated its establishment.This unexpected discovery raises several questions regarding its biogeographical history,potential introduction pathways,and adaptation mechanisms in the Moroccan environment.Given its limited distribution and ecological specificity,its conservation status should be carefully evaluated,as human activities,habitat disturbance,and climate change may pose significant threats.Further studies,including genetic analyses and ecological monitoring,are needed to determine its origin,assess population stability,and establish conservation strategies.The presence of L.candidum in the Pre-Rif region expands the known distribution of the species and highlights the importance of continuous botanical exploration in North Africa,particularly in understudied mountainous ecosystems.展开更多
Acorn production in oaks(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting.The effects of pollen sourced from trees within or outside the stand on acorn production were investigated in pedunculat...Acorn production in oaks(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting.The effects of pollen sourced from trees within or outside the stand on acorn production were investigated in pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in an ancient mixed woodland during two moderate masting years.Comparisons were made between natural pollination,hand pollinations with out-of-stand pollen,in-stand pollen or a 1:1 combination of the two pollen sources,and for bagged flowers left unpollinated.After all treatments,>85%of the flowers or developing acorns were aborted between May and August of both years.When flowers were protected with pollen bags and no pollen added,no acorns were produced.In contrast,hand pollination with out-of-stand pollen produced the most acorns both years and significantly more than within-stand pollen or natural pollination in 2022.Hand pollination with out-of-stand or within-stand pollen provided significantly more acorns than natural pollination in 2023.In 2022,hand pollination with a 1:1 mixture of out-of-stand and within-stand pollen yielded an intermediate number of mature acorns between those for the out-of-stand and within-stand pollination treatments.The study provides clear evidence of maternal choice during acorn development in pedunculate oak and of the benefits of pollen supplementation.It also confirms that pedunculate oak is a fruit-maturation masting species;abortion of pollinated flowers and immature acorns determines a mast year(rather than the number of flowers produced)at this site.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or C...Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.展开更多
In the context of a surging demand for functional foods,this study utilized Sophora japonica L.(SL)and Rosa rugosa Thunb.(RT),which are rich in polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core subclass).High-purity extracts(SL...In the context of a surging demand for functional foods,this study utilized Sophora japonica L.(SL)and Rosa rugosa Thunb.(RT),which are rich in polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core subclass).High-purity extracts(SLE and RTE)were obtained through ethanol reflux extraction and macroporous resin purification,and then formulated with maltodextrin and erythritol to prepare a composite solid beverage.This beverage exhibited excellent antioxidant capabilities.At a concentration of 1 mg/mL,the scavenging rates of DPPH,ABTS,and hydroxyl radicals reached 82.4%,94.6%,and 49.2%,respectively.Network pharmacology indicated that quercetin andβ-sitosterol could modulate lipid metabolism pathways.Moreover,the beverage showed potential for lipid-lowering.Its cholate adsorption capacity was 589.4±2.9 mg/g at pH 7.0,and the IC50 value for pancreatic lipase inhibition was 32.55 mg/mL.However,a 60-day storage stability test revealed that the moisture content approached 5%,likely due to polyphenol-flavonoid reactivity,extending dissolution time to 30.88 s.These changes were attributed to polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core active subclass,and non-flavonoids such as phenolic acids as auxiliary),resulting in color alterations and reduced solubility.This study confirmed the dual functions of the SL-RT beverage in antioxidant and lipid-lowering aspects.Nevertheless,it also pointed out the need to optimize the formula and process to enhance stability,providing an important basis for the development of stable functional beverages.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis ...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years,but its active substance remains to be unknown.Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM,the present study focused on the novel active substance of Lycium barbarum L.to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow.Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stemloop polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay revealed that miR162a,a Lycium barbarum L.-derived microRNA,can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice.Immunofluorescence staining showed that miR162a was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1(SIDT1)in the stomach.Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR162a targeted nuclear receptor corepressor(NcoR).Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography(microCT)confirmed that miR162a promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,zebrafish,and a mouse model of osteoporosis.In addition,transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana(N.benthamiana)leaves overexpressing miR162a were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method.microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic N.benthamiana leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice.Our study mechanistically explains how Lycium barbarum L.improves osteoporosis and supports that Lycium barbarum L.reinforces kidney essence,thereby strengthening the bone.miR162a expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.展开更多
The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored e...The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Background Mepiquat chloride(MC)is a widely used plant growth regulator in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).It regulates endogenous hormone content and crosstalk to control plant height and promote lateral root(LR)develo...Background Mepiquat chloride(MC)is a widely used plant growth regulator in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).It regulates endogenous hormone content and crosstalk to control plant height and promote lateral root(LR)development.However,the roles of cytokinins(CTKs)in the MC-induced increase in LR number in cotton seedlings remain unclear.Therefore,in this study,whole-genome transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms,CTK transformation,and CTK signaling pathway response to MC in cotton roots.Results In the present study,MC reduced the contents of the active CTK trans-zeatin(tZ)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine(iP)but increased the levels of the nucleoside CTK trans-zeatin riboside(tZR)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine riboside(iPR).RNA-seq data showed that the CTK biosynthesis genes GhIPTs and active CTK catabolism genes GhCKXs were obviously upregulated after MC treatment.The CTK-activating enzyme gene GhLOGs was repressed compared with the control.Furthermore,MC inhibited the expression of GhAHK4 and GhARR2/12,which are involved in the CTK signaling pathway,and activated the IAA-IAA14-ARF7/19 signaling module.Meanwhile,MC increased the expression levels of genes involved in sucrose synthesis,the cell cycle,cell division,and cell wall biosynthesis pathways.Silencing the GhCKX family separately decreased the LR number and active indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)level.The expression levels of GhPIN1,GhARF7,GhARF19,GhLBD16,GhLBD18,GhLBD29,and GhLBD33 were downregulated,but GhARR2/12 and GhIAA14 were upregulated.The total content of active CTKs was noticeably increased.The results of silencing the GhLOGs family were opposite to those of silencing GhCKXs.Silencing GhARR12 could upregulate GhPIN1 expression and increase LR number.In addition,the silenced GhCKXs,GhLOGs,and GhARR12 were less responsive to MCinduced LR growth than the control.Conclusion These results suggested that MC treatment could upregulate CTK-nucleoside biosynthesis and CTK metabolism genes to decrease active CTK levels,promoting crosstalk between CTKs and auxin signaling pathways to enhance LR initiation.展开更多
Nigella sativa L.seeds have been traditionally utilized in Chinese folk medicine for centuries to treat vitiligo.This study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.(HZC)enhances melanogenesis and mitig...Nigella sativa L.seeds have been traditionally utilized in Chinese folk medicine for centuries to treat vitiligo.This study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.(HZC)enhances melanogenesis and mitigates oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.In accordance with established protocols,the ethanol fraction from Nigella sativa L.seeds was extracted,concentrated,and lyophilized to evaluate its herbal effects via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assays,tyrosinase activity evaluation,measurement of cellular melanin contents,scratch assays,senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blot analysis for expression profiling of experimentally relevant proteins.The results indicated that HZC significantly enhanced tyrosinase activity and melanin content while notably increasing the protein expression levels of Tyr,Mitf,and gp100 in B16F10 cells.Furthermore,HZC effectively mitigated oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence,improved melanocyte condition,and rectified various functional impairments associated with melanocyte dysfunction.These findings suggest that HZC increases melanin synthesis in melanocytes through the activation of the MAPK,PKA,and Wnt signaling pathways.In addition,HZC attenuates oxidative damage induced by H2O2 therapy by activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element(Nrf2-ARE)pathway and enhancing the activity of downstream antioxidant enzymes,thus preventing premature senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.展开更多
Salinity stress is amajor constraint on agricultural productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study evaluated the potential of Ascophyllum nodosum extract(ANE)in mitigating salinity-induced stress ...Salinity stress is amajor constraint on agricultural productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study evaluated the potential of Ascophyllum nodosum extract(ANE)in mitigating salinity-induced stress and enhancing the growth and physiological performance of Portulaca oleracea L.under NaCl concentrations of 0,50,70,and 100 mM for 50 days.A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of NaCl concentration,ANE treatment,and their interaction.The results showed that ANE significantly increased plant height at 50 mMNaCl(p=0.0011)but had no effect at higher salinity levels(p>0.05).Shoot dry weight was significantly influenced by the interaction of NaCl and ANE(p=0.0064),with ANE increasing biomass at 0 mM but decreasing it at 100 mM NaCl.However,ANE did not significantly affect root dry weight(p>0.05).Physiological responses indicated a significant increase in proline content at 50mMNaCl(p=0.0011),supporting improved osmotic adjustment.Total soluble protein was significantly enhanced at all salinity levels except 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01).Regarding ionic regulation,ANE had no significant effect on leaf sap pH(p>0.05)but increased electrical conductivity(EC)at 70 and 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01),suggesting a role in ion homeostasis under high salinity.Photosynthetic pigments responded positively to ANE,with significant increases in chlorophyll“a”(p<0.0001)and carotenoid content(p<0.0001),while chlorophyll“b”remained unchanged(p>0.05).These findings highlight ANE’s potential as a sustainable biostimulant for improving salinity tolerance,particularly at moderate NaCl levels.Future research should focus on molecular mechanisms and long-term field applications to optimize ANE’s role in enhancing soil and crop productivity under salinity stress.展开更多
Hyperlipidemia is associated with many diseases and considered the main contributing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome.The traditional Mongolian medicine Dracocephalum moldavica L.is commonly consumed as...Hyperlipidemia is associated with many diseases and considered the main contributing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome.The traditional Mongolian medicine Dracocephalum moldavica L.is commonly consumed as a tea(non-Camellia tea)for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease,hypertension,atherosclerosis,and other diseases.Here,we attempted to investigate the hypolipidemic activity and mechanisms underlying the active components of D.moldavica.First,the mechanism underlying the lipid accumulation-reducing effects of the D.moldavica ethanol extract was determined using in vitro experiments,and 4 polar fractions were screened for activity.Then,the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of D.moldavica(EAD)on lowering blood lipid was confirmed in vivo.The combination of network pharmacological and serum pharmacochemistry analyses showed that apigenin,luteolin,and naringenin of EAD existed in prototype form in the drug-containing serum of rats.We also determined the content of the 3 active ingredients in EAD.Finally,in vitro experiments showed that apigenin,luteolin,and naringenin improved oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by regulating the PPAR signaling pathway(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα),carnitine palmityl transferaseⅠ(CPT1),and fatty acid binding protein-3(FABP3)).Our findings provide mechanistic insights and application prospects for the prevention and treatment of hypolipidemia using D.moldavica.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effects of Stellera chamaejasme L.(S.chamaejasme,Rui Xiang Lang Du)extract on hair growth in a mouse model.Methods:The extract was prepared using 95%ethanol and topically applied as a 1%or 3%...Objective:To evaluate the effects of Stellera chamaejasme L.(S.chamaejasme,Rui Xiang Lang Du)extract on hair growth in a mouse model.Methods:The extract was prepared using 95%ethanol and topically applied as a 1%or 3%solution to the dorsal skin of shaved mice for 16 consecutive days.A control mouse group received an equal volume of vehicle for the same period.After 16 days,the dorsal skin was histologically examined through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Further,quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed on skin tissue lysates to evaluate the expression levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in hair growth,including WNT10A,noggin(NOG),transforming growth factor-β receptor 1(TBR1),epidermal growth factor(EGF),versican,fibroblast growth factor 10(FGF10),lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).Results:Compared with vehicle,S.chamaejasme extract dose-dependently enhanced hair growth.Histological analysis revealed that S.chamaejasme extract increased the number and diameter of hair follicles in subcutaneous tissue,as well as dermal layer thickness,which are indicative of anagen phase induction.Additionally,S.chamaejasme extract upregulated the mRNA expression levels of WNT10A,NOG,TBR1,EFG,FGF10,LEF1,and TGF-β.Conclusion:The results suggest that S.chamaejasme extract could be a potential treatment for promoting hair growth.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the mechanism of Mongolian medicine Valeriana officinalis L.on liver cancer by network pharmacology.[Methods]The HERB database of V.officinalis L.was searched,and the Uniprot database was used t...[Objectives]To explore the mechanism of Mongolian medicine Valeriana officinalis L.on liver cancer by network pharmacology.[Methods]The HERB database of V.officinalis L.was searched,and the Uniprot database was used to normalize and standardize the targets.Liver cancer targets were searched through GeneCards,DISGENET,and other databases.Venny website was used to obtain the intersection target of valerian active ingredients and liver cancer disease.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of the intersection targets was analyzed by STRING database,and the PPI network was constructed by Cytoscape software.The David database was used for GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to obtain the relevant pathways in the treatment of liver cancer with Mongolian medicine V.officinalis.The corresponding chemical components,targets and pathways of liver cancer were imported into Cytoscape software to construct the network topology of"chemical component-disease-target-pathway".According to the analysis results,the potential of the active components in V.officinalis as a therapeutic drug for liver cancer was evaluated,and the correlation between the results of network pharmacology analysis and clinical treatment of liver cancer was discussed,which provided a reference for clinical application.[Results]A total of 13 kinds of chemical components and 108 drug disease intersection target genes were screened,and the core genes acting on diseases were caffeic acid,perillyl acetate,(+)-alpha-Terpineol,eucalyptol,etc.;GO functional enrichment analysis involved 389 items of biological processes,62 items of cellular components and 120 items of molecular functions.Enrichment analysis of KEGG signaling pathways screened out chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation,cancer pathways,prolactin signaling pathways,proteoglycans in cancer,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and other signaling pathways.[Conclusions]The mechanism of Mongolian medicine V.officinalis on liver cancer was studied by network pharmacology.It was found that it can inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells from multiple targets and pathways.This is expected to provide a theoretical basis for further basic experimental research.展开更多
基金Supported by Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Medicine(GuiKeJiZi 201432)Zhuang and Yao Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center(GuiJiaoKeYan 201320)+3 种基金Guangxi Young Talent Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022C030)Ethnic Medicine Resources and Application Engineering Research Center in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GuiFaGaiGaoJiHan 20202605)Key Discipline Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangxi—Zhuang Medicine(GZXK-Z-20-64)Guangxi First-class Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Ethnopharmacology(GuiJiaoKeYan 201812).
文摘[Objectives]To compare the leaf morphology and leaf venation patterns of Hedyotis auricularia L.and its adulterants,such as Mitracarpus hirtus(L.)DC.,Spermacoce pusilla Wall.and Spermacoce alata Aubl.,produced in Guangxi,so as to provide a simple and rapid identification method for the identification of H.auricularia L.in Guangxi.[Methods]LMVP(leaf morphology-venation pattern)identification method was used to study the characteristics of leaf morphology-venation pattern.[Results]Characteristics of leaf morphology-venation pattern:(i)H.auricularia L.:circular knotted-curved pinnate leaf venation without reaching the margin;the primary veins run straight without branches,the number of secondary veins is 5 to 9,and the angles included in tertiary veins are mostly near right angles or obtuse angles.(ii)M.hirtus(L.)DC.:curved pinnate leaf venation without reaching the margin;the primary veins run straight without obvious changes,the number of secondary veins is 3 to 5,and the tertiary veins are slender,and the included angles are mostly acute.(iii)S.pusilla Wall.:curved leaf venation without reaching the leaf margin;there are 4 to 5 pairs of secondary veins,most of which are opposite;the angle between the secondary veins and the primary veins in the middle and near the petiole is mostly medium acute angle,and the extension of the tertiary veins has no fixed direction.(iv)S.alata Aubl.:circular knotted-curved pinnate leaf venation;the primary veins are convex and straight without branches,and there are 4 to 6 pairs of secondary veins,alternating.The angle between secondary veins and primary veins is mostly medium acute angle,the angle between tertiary veins and secondary veins is near right angle,and the tertiary veins are mostly transversely extended.[Conclusions]The leaf morphology-venation patterns of the above-mentioned H.auricularia L.and M.hirtus(L.)DC.,S.pusilla Wall.,and S.alata Aubl.can be used as their identification features,and the identification method has certain operability,which provides an identification idea for the identification of Chinese herbal medicines.
基金Financial support from Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7232283)。
文摘From the seeds of Peganum harmala L.,three new alkaloids ofβ-carboline were isolated.Among them,peganumiums A(1)and B(2)were dimers with specific new scaffolds,all with long conjugated systems.Peganumium A and peganumium C(3)were ionic alkaloid salts and peganumium B was a hexacycliccondensed alkaloid.The biosynthetic pathways of the three compounds above were also speculated.A preliminary cytotoxicity assay revealed that peganumium B had strong in vitro antiproliferative ability against a variety of cancer cells.The analysis of^(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomics suggested that the antiproliferative mechanism of peganumium B could be associated with the biosynthesis of phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan,the metabolism of glycine,serine,and threonine,the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine,and the metabolism of nicotinate and nicotinamide.In addition,peganumium B could reduce the mitochondrial content of body-wall muscle cells of a Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)strain in vivo.
文摘Bentonite is a very useful material for improving soil properties,which enhances the ability of plants to grow and produce in different conditions.The experiment was carried out in an agricultural nursery in one of the areas of the City of Diwaniyah,in a house covered with green netting,with a shade rate of 25%,to study the effect of bentonite and humic acid on the growth and flowering of a Catharanthus roseus L.plant in sandy soil.The experiment included two factors:the first factor was bentonite clay,and the second factor was humic acid.Using a randomized complete block design(R.C.B.D)with three replications,data were analyzed using the analysis of variance(ANOVA)method,and comparison was made according to the least significant difference(L.S.D)test at a probability level of 0.05.The experiment consisted of adding bentonite clay at 0,2,6,and 8 g L-1,humic acid at 0,0.5,1,and 10 g L-1.The results showed that adding bentonite clay and humic acid to sandy soil can have a significant positive effect on the growth and flowering of the Catharanthus roseus plant grown in poor sandy soil conditions.Bentonite,clay and humic acid were added at concentrations of 8 and 10 g L-1,which led to an increase in plant height and number of leaves and leaf area.They reached 30.07,23.84 cm2,76.62,63.42 cm2 for leaf-1 and 24.73,20.22 cm2 for leaf-1,respectively.The results also showed an increase in the content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)in leaves by 2.27,1.92,1.99%and 1.51,1.22,1.77%.This also led to an increase in chlorophyll pigment and anthocyanin at the highest concentration and gave the highest value.Therefore,adding bentonite and humic acid together gave the highest values in vegetative and chemical characteristics,compared to treatments without addition.
基金supported by the Shennong Laboratory Project of Henan Province,China(SN01-2022-01)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731006)the Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province,China(232102111104)。
文摘One of agriculture’s major challenges is the low efficiency of phosphate(Pi)use,which leads to increased costs,harmful environmental impacts,and the depletion of phosphorus(P)resources.The TaPHT1;6 gene,which encodes a high-affinity Pi transporter(PHT),plays a crucial role in Pi absorption and transport.In this study,the promoter and coding regions of three TaPHT1;6 gene copies on chromosomes 5A,5B,and 5D were individually amplified and sequenced from 167 common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars.Sequence analysis revealed 16 allelic variation sites within the promoters of TaPHT1;6-5B among these cultivars,forming three distinct haplotypes:Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3.Field trials were conducted over two years to compare wheat genotypes with these haplotypes,focusing on assessing plant dry weight,grain yield,P content,Pi fertilizer absorption efficiency,and Pi fertilizer utilization efficiency.Results indicated that Hap3 represented the favored Pi-efficient haplotype.Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the Hap3 promoter,carrying the identified allelic variation sites,exhibited higher gene-driven capability,leading to increased expression levels of the TaPHT1;6-5B gene.We developed a distributed cleaved amplified polymorphic site marker(dCAPS-571)to distinguish Hap3 from the other two haplotypes based on these allelic variation sites,presenting an opportunity for breeding Pi-efficient wheat cultivars.This study successfully identified polymorphic sites on TaPHT1;6-5B associated with Pi efficiency and developed a functional molecular marker to facilitate future breeding endeavors.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of baobab seed washing and origin on the chemical composition of the oil extracted by pressing. Six (6) oil samples were obtained from seeds of three (3) geographical origins. The identification and quantification of fatty acids and the polyphenolic profile were carried out by GC-MS and HPLC-UV, respectively. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters allowed the identification and quantification of 18 fatty acids. Oils from unwashed seeds were richer in palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and arachidic (C20:0) acids. In addition, HPLC-UV analysis at 279 nm shows that oils from unwashed seeds are richer in tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. With regard to the polyphenolic profile, gallic acid and quercetin were not detected in these baobab oils. Principal component analysis of fatty acid and phenolic compound content showed that oils from unwashed seeds would best preserve their chemical and associated potential bioactive characteristics.
文摘Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.
文摘Background Unravelling the relationship between trichome density and resistance to jassids in upland cotton,nine parental lines,viz.MCU 5,CO 14,CO 17,TCH 1828,KC 2,KC 3,GISV 323,GTHV 15–34,and RHC 1409 were obtained from the Tamilnadu Agricultural University.These genotypes were subjected to molecular analysis using 27 primers,merely the JESPR 154 primer amplifying a 150-bp fragment in genotypes exhibiting the pubescence.Result This finding validated the association between pubescence and jassid resistance.Further analysis revealed that resistant genotypes(KC 3,GTHV 15–34,GISV 323,and RHC 1409)exhibited significantly higher trichome densities and length compared with susceptible genotypes.These results stalwartly support the hypothesis that trichomes play a pivotal role in conferring resistance to jassids in upland cotton.Conclusion By breeding cotton varieties with increased trichome density and length,it is possible to reduce jassid infestations,thereby decreasing the reliance on chemical pesticides and promoting a more sustainable agricultural environment.
文摘The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.in Morocco,specifically in the jbel Sidi Ali El Jawzi area,within the territorial commune of Asjen,Ouezzane Province(Pre-Rif region).During a botanical survey conducted in May 2022,a population of L.candidum was identified,marking its first recorded presence in the country.Morphological characteristics were analyzed and compared with existing descriptions in the literature to confirm species identification.The species was found in a humid microclimate with calcareous soils,suggesting specific ecological requirements that facilitated its establishment.This unexpected discovery raises several questions regarding its biogeographical history,potential introduction pathways,and adaptation mechanisms in the Moroccan environment.Given its limited distribution and ecological specificity,its conservation status should be carefully evaluated,as human activities,habitat disturbance,and climate change may pose significant threats.Further studies,including genetic analyses and ecological monitoring,are needed to determine its origin,assess population stability,and establish conservation strategies.The presence of L.candidum in the Pre-Rif region expands the known distribution of the species and highlights the importance of continuous botanical exploration in North Africa,particularly in understudied mountainous ecosystems.
基金supported by Future Trees TrustThe Patsy Wood Trust+2 种基金Scottish Forestry TrustAitchinson Tait TrustAction Oak
文摘Acorn production in oaks(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting.The effects of pollen sourced from trees within or outside the stand on acorn production were investigated in pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in an ancient mixed woodland during two moderate masting years.Comparisons were made between natural pollination,hand pollinations with out-of-stand pollen,in-stand pollen or a 1:1 combination of the two pollen sources,and for bagged flowers left unpollinated.After all treatments,>85%of the flowers or developing acorns were aborted between May and August of both years.When flowers were protected with pollen bags and no pollen added,no acorns were produced.In contrast,hand pollination with out-of-stand pollen produced the most acorns both years and significantly more than within-stand pollen or natural pollination in 2022.Hand pollination with out-of-stand or within-stand pollen provided significantly more acorns than natural pollination in 2023.In 2022,hand pollination with a 1:1 mixture of out-of-stand and within-stand pollen yielded an intermediate number of mature acorns between those for the out-of-stand and within-stand pollination treatments.The study provides clear evidence of maternal choice during acorn development in pedunculate oak and of the benefits of pollen supplementation.It also confirms that pedunculate oak is a fruit-maturation masting species;abortion of pollinated flowers and immature acorns determines a mast year(rather than the number of flowers produced)at this site.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2340219)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.
文摘In the context of a surging demand for functional foods,this study utilized Sophora japonica L.(SL)and Rosa rugosa Thunb.(RT),which are rich in polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core subclass).High-purity extracts(SLE and RTE)were obtained through ethanol reflux extraction and macroporous resin purification,and then formulated with maltodextrin and erythritol to prepare a composite solid beverage.This beverage exhibited excellent antioxidant capabilities.At a concentration of 1 mg/mL,the scavenging rates of DPPH,ABTS,and hydroxyl radicals reached 82.4%,94.6%,and 49.2%,respectively.Network pharmacology indicated that quercetin andβ-sitosterol could modulate lipid metabolism pathways.Moreover,the beverage showed potential for lipid-lowering.Its cholate adsorption capacity was 589.4±2.9 mg/g at pH 7.0,and the IC50 value for pancreatic lipase inhibition was 32.55 mg/mL.However,a 60-day storage stability test revealed that the moisture content approached 5%,likely due to polyphenol-flavonoid reactivity,extending dissolution time to 30.88 s.These changes were attributed to polyphenols(with flavonoids as the core active subclass,and non-flavonoids such as phenolic acids as auxiliary),resulting in color alterations and reduced solubility.This study confirmed the dual functions of the SL-RT beverage in antioxidant and lipid-lowering aspects.Nevertheless,it also pointed out the need to optimize the formula and process to enhance stability,providing an important basis for the development of stable functional beverages.
基金supported by Key Project of Jiangsu Province’s Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZD202203)Jiangsu Province’s Innovation Program(JSSCTD202142)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(traditional Chinese medicine).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years,but its active substance remains to be unknown.Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM,the present study focused on the novel active substance of Lycium barbarum L.to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow.Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stemloop polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay revealed that miR162a,a Lycium barbarum L.-derived microRNA,can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice.Immunofluorescence staining showed that miR162a was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1(SIDT1)in the stomach.Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR162a targeted nuclear receptor corepressor(NcoR).Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography(microCT)confirmed that miR162a promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,zebrafish,and a mouse model of osteoporosis.In addition,transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana(N.benthamiana)leaves overexpressing miR162a were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method.microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic N.benthamiana leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice.Our study mechanistically explains how Lycium barbarum L.improves osteoporosis and supports that Lycium barbarum L.reinforces kidney essence,thereby strengthening the bone.miR162a expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.
文摘The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31471434)。
文摘Background Mepiquat chloride(MC)is a widely used plant growth regulator in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).It regulates endogenous hormone content and crosstalk to control plant height and promote lateral root(LR)development.However,the roles of cytokinins(CTKs)in the MC-induced increase in LR number in cotton seedlings remain unclear.Therefore,in this study,whole-genome transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms,CTK transformation,and CTK signaling pathway response to MC in cotton roots.Results In the present study,MC reduced the contents of the active CTK trans-zeatin(tZ)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine(iP)but increased the levels of the nucleoside CTK trans-zeatin riboside(tZR)and N^(6)-isopentenyladenine riboside(iPR).RNA-seq data showed that the CTK biosynthesis genes GhIPTs and active CTK catabolism genes GhCKXs were obviously upregulated after MC treatment.The CTK-activating enzyme gene GhLOGs was repressed compared with the control.Furthermore,MC inhibited the expression of GhAHK4 and GhARR2/12,which are involved in the CTK signaling pathway,and activated the IAA-IAA14-ARF7/19 signaling module.Meanwhile,MC increased the expression levels of genes involved in sucrose synthesis,the cell cycle,cell division,and cell wall biosynthesis pathways.Silencing the GhCKX family separately decreased the LR number and active indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)level.The expression levels of GhPIN1,GhARF7,GhARF19,GhLBD16,GhLBD18,GhLBD29,and GhLBD33 were downregulated,but GhARR2/12 and GhIAA14 were upregulated.The total content of active CTKs was noticeably increased.The results of silencing the GhLOGs family were opposite to those of silencing GhCKXs.Silencing GhARR12 could upregulate GhPIN1 expression and increase LR number.In addition,the silenced GhCKXs,GhLOGs,and GhARR12 were less responsive to MCinduced LR growth than the control.Conclusion These results suggested that MC treatment could upregulate CTK-nucleoside biosynthesis and CTK metabolism genes to decrease active CTK levels,promoting crosstalk between CTKs and auxin signaling pathways to enhance LR initiation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81973410 and 82473537)the Independent Research Fund of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory (Nos.2022YKZY002 and 2022YKZY004)。
文摘Nigella sativa L.seeds have been traditionally utilized in Chinese folk medicine for centuries to treat vitiligo.This study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L.(HZC)enhances melanogenesis and mitigates oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.In accordance with established protocols,the ethanol fraction from Nigella sativa L.seeds was extracted,concentrated,and lyophilized to evaluate its herbal effects via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assays,tyrosinase activity evaluation,measurement of cellular melanin contents,scratch assays,senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blot analysis for expression profiling of experimentally relevant proteins.The results indicated that HZC significantly enhanced tyrosinase activity and melanin content while notably increasing the protein expression levels of Tyr,Mitf,and gp100 in B16F10 cells.Furthermore,HZC effectively mitigated oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence,improved melanocyte condition,and rectified various functional impairments associated with melanocyte dysfunction.These findings suggest that HZC increases melanin synthesis in melanocytes through the activation of the MAPK,PKA,and Wnt signaling pathways.In addition,HZC attenuates oxidative damage induced by H2O2 therapy by activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element(Nrf2-ARE)pathway and enhancing the activity of downstream antioxidant enzymes,thus preventing premature senescence and dysfunction in melanocytes.
文摘Salinity stress is amajor constraint on agricultural productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.This study evaluated the potential of Ascophyllum nodosum extract(ANE)in mitigating salinity-induced stress and enhancing the growth and physiological performance of Portulaca oleracea L.under NaCl concentrations of 0,50,70,and 100 mM for 50 days.A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of NaCl concentration,ANE treatment,and their interaction.The results showed that ANE significantly increased plant height at 50 mMNaCl(p=0.0011)but had no effect at higher salinity levels(p>0.05).Shoot dry weight was significantly influenced by the interaction of NaCl and ANE(p=0.0064),with ANE increasing biomass at 0 mM but decreasing it at 100 mM NaCl.However,ANE did not significantly affect root dry weight(p>0.05).Physiological responses indicated a significant increase in proline content at 50mMNaCl(p=0.0011),supporting improved osmotic adjustment.Total soluble protein was significantly enhanced at all salinity levels except 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01).Regarding ionic regulation,ANE had no significant effect on leaf sap pH(p>0.05)but increased electrical conductivity(EC)at 70 and 100 mM NaCl(p<0.01),suggesting a role in ion homeostasis under high salinity.Photosynthetic pigments responded positively to ANE,with significant increases in chlorophyll“a”(p<0.0001)and carotenoid content(p<0.0001),while chlorophyll“b”remained unchanged(p>0.05).These findings highlight ANE’s potential as a sustainable biostimulant for improving salinity tolerance,particularly at moderate NaCl levels.Future research should focus on molecular mechanisms and long-term field applications to optimize ANE’s role in enhancing soil and crop productivity under salinity stress.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0190100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903925)。
文摘Hyperlipidemia is associated with many diseases and considered the main contributing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome.The traditional Mongolian medicine Dracocephalum moldavica L.is commonly consumed as a tea(non-Camellia tea)for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease,hypertension,atherosclerosis,and other diseases.Here,we attempted to investigate the hypolipidemic activity and mechanisms underlying the active components of D.moldavica.First,the mechanism underlying the lipid accumulation-reducing effects of the D.moldavica ethanol extract was determined using in vitro experiments,and 4 polar fractions were screened for activity.Then,the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of D.moldavica(EAD)on lowering blood lipid was confirmed in vivo.The combination of network pharmacological and serum pharmacochemistry analyses showed that apigenin,luteolin,and naringenin of EAD existed in prototype form in the drug-containing serum of rats.We also determined the content of the 3 active ingredients in EAD.Finally,in vitro experiments showed that apigenin,luteolin,and naringenin improved oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by regulating the PPAR signaling pathway(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα),carnitine palmityl transferaseⅠ(CPT1),and fatty acid binding protein-3(FABP3)).Our findings provide mechanistic insights and application prospects for the prevention and treatment of hypolipidemia using D.moldavica.
基金supported by an intramural research grant(Development of Data Utilization Technology for Natural Product Research,2E33521)from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)the data were deposited in the KIST Dashboard.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effects of Stellera chamaejasme L.(S.chamaejasme,Rui Xiang Lang Du)extract on hair growth in a mouse model.Methods:The extract was prepared using 95%ethanol and topically applied as a 1%or 3%solution to the dorsal skin of shaved mice for 16 consecutive days.A control mouse group received an equal volume of vehicle for the same period.After 16 days,the dorsal skin was histologically examined through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Further,quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed on skin tissue lysates to evaluate the expression levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in hair growth,including WNT10A,noggin(NOG),transforming growth factor-β receptor 1(TBR1),epidermal growth factor(EGF),versican,fibroblast growth factor 10(FGF10),lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).Results:Compared with vehicle,S.chamaejasme extract dose-dependently enhanced hair growth.Histological analysis revealed that S.chamaejasme extract increased the number and diameter of hair follicles in subcutaneous tissue,as well as dermal layer thickness,which are indicative of anagen phase induction.Additionally,S.chamaejasme extract upregulated the mRNA expression levels of WNT10A,NOG,TBR1,EFG,FGF10,LEF1,and TGF-β.Conclusion:The results suggest that S.chamaejasme extract could be a potential treatment for promoting hair growth.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260844)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2022LHMS08021).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the mechanism of Mongolian medicine Valeriana officinalis L.on liver cancer by network pharmacology.[Methods]The HERB database of V.officinalis L.was searched,and the Uniprot database was used to normalize and standardize the targets.Liver cancer targets were searched through GeneCards,DISGENET,and other databases.Venny website was used to obtain the intersection target of valerian active ingredients and liver cancer disease.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of the intersection targets was analyzed by STRING database,and the PPI network was constructed by Cytoscape software.The David database was used for GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to obtain the relevant pathways in the treatment of liver cancer with Mongolian medicine V.officinalis.The corresponding chemical components,targets and pathways of liver cancer were imported into Cytoscape software to construct the network topology of"chemical component-disease-target-pathway".According to the analysis results,the potential of the active components in V.officinalis as a therapeutic drug for liver cancer was evaluated,and the correlation between the results of network pharmacology analysis and clinical treatment of liver cancer was discussed,which provided a reference for clinical application.[Results]A total of 13 kinds of chemical components and 108 drug disease intersection target genes were screened,and the core genes acting on diseases were caffeic acid,perillyl acetate,(+)-alpha-Terpineol,eucalyptol,etc.;GO functional enrichment analysis involved 389 items of biological processes,62 items of cellular components and 120 items of molecular functions.Enrichment analysis of KEGG signaling pathways screened out chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation,cancer pathways,prolactin signaling pathways,proteoglycans in cancer,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and other signaling pathways.[Conclusions]The mechanism of Mongolian medicine V.officinalis on liver cancer was studied by network pharmacology.It was found that it can inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells from multiple targets and pathways.This is expected to provide a theoretical basis for further basic experimental research.
