[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of L-carnitine on population growth of Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetrahymena sp..[Method] When the concentration of L-carnitine was 0,50,100 and 1 000 mg/L,population den...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of L-carnitine on population growth of Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetrahymena sp..[Method] When the concentration of L-carnitine was 0,50,100 and 1 000 mg/L,population densities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetrahymena were determined respectively.[Result] Adding high-dose L-carnitine had a significant inhibition effect on the population growth of Nannochloropsis oculata （P0.05）.Adding L-carnitine had a significant proliferation promoting effect on the population growth of Tetrahymena （P0.05）.[Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for the application of L-carnitine as feed additive in aquaculture.展开更多
To investigate the protective effect of L-carnitine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart,all harvested isolated hearts were perfused on Langendorff apparatus with oxygenized K-H solution for 20 min. ...To investigate the protective effect of L-carnitine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart,all harvested isolated hearts were perfused on Langendorff apparatus with oxygenized K-H solution for 20 min. The hearts were then exposed to ischemia for 30 min. Following the ischemia the hearts were re-perfused with K-H solution for 120 min to serve as the control group A. Either 5 or 10 mmol/L of L-carnitine was added into the K-H solution for 20 min at the beginning of reperfusion to generate group B and group C, respectively. The derivatives of the intraventricular pressure curve （DP/DT）, left ventricular developed pressure （LVDP）, and coronary flux were monitored during the entire experiment. The levels of ATP, hepatin, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in tissue, and lactic dehydrogenase （LDH）, creatine phosphate kinase （CPK）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） concentration in the coronary efflux were all measured. Compared with the control group, the treatment with L-carnitine resulted in better results, i. e. , higher DP/DTmax and LVDP. At the same time, ventricular fibrillation was reduced, and the levels of ATP, hepatin and SOD were all elevated. However, the concentrations of MDA, CPK and LDH were all reduced. In conclusion, L-carnitine has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is partly due to its prevention of energy loss and its antioxidant activity.展开更多
The fatty acid composition of spermatozoa has been shown to be important for their function,and L-carnitine is crucial for fatty acid metabolism.Its levels in the seminal plasma positively correlate with semen quality...The fatty acid composition of spermatozoa has been shown to be important for their function,and L-carnitine is crucial for fatty acid metabolism.Its levels in the seminal plasma positively correlate with semen quality,whereas high body mass index(BMI)is associated with both reduced semen quality and altered sperm fatty acid composition.Here,we examined the associations between free seminal L-carnitine levels and sperm fatty acid composition as well as BMI.Semen samples were collected and analyzed from 128 men with unknown fertility status and with BMI ranging from 19 kg m^(−2) to 63 kg m^(−2).Sperm fatty acid composition was assessed by gas chromatography,while free seminal L-carnitine analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography.Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with the amount of sperm palmitic acid(β=0.21;P=0.014),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA;β=0.23;P=0.007),and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(β=0.23;P=0.008)and a negative correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with lignoceric acid(β=−0.29;P=0.001)and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(β=−0.24;P=0.012)when adjusted for covariates.There was no relationship between free seminal L-carnitine levels and BMI.Since free seminal L-carnitine levels are associated with semen quality,the absence of a correlation with BMI suggests that reduced semen quality in obese men is independent of seminal L-carnitine.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine on alleviating anemia,thrombocytopenia and leukopenia,and minimizing dose reductions in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus（HCV）in treatment with Interferonα（IFN-α...AIM：To evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine on alleviating anemia,thrombocytopenia and leukopenia,and minimizing dose reductions in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus（HCV）in treatment with Interferonα（IFN-α）plus ribavirin.METHODS：Sixty-nine patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups.group A（n=35）received Peg-IFN-α2b plus ribavirin plus L-carnitine,and group B（n=34）received Peg-IFN-αand ribavirin for 12 mo.All patients underwent laboratory investigations including：red cell count,he-moglobin,white cell count,platelets,bilirubin,alanineaminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,and viremia.RESULTS：After 12 mo in group A compared to group B we observed significant differences in AST 108.8 vs 76.8（IU/L;P0.001）,ALT 137.vs 112.3（IU/L;P 0.001）,viremia 4.04 vs 2.36（106 copies/mL;P 0.001）,Hb 1 vs 3.5（g/dL;P0.05）,red blood cells 0.3 vs 1.1（1012/L;P0.001）,white blood cells 1.5 vs 3（10/L;P0.001）and platelets 86 vs 85（×10/L;P0.001）.The end treatment responders were 18 vs 12（60%vs 44%）and the non responders were 12 vs 15（40%vs 50%）[odds ratio（OR）1.65,5%CI =0.65-5.37,P0.05.In group A compared to group B there was a significant improvement of sustained vi-rological response in 15 vs 7 patients（50%vs25%）,while the relapsers were 3 vs 5（10%vs 18%）（OR 3.57,5%CI=0.65-1.3,P0.001）.CONCLUSION：L-carnitine supplementations modulate erythropoiesis,leucopoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis,and may be useful in patients treated for HCV.L-carni-tine treatment offers the possibility of achieving a sus-tained virological response while preventing overtreat-ment.展开更多
Several studies have demonstrated that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats with diabetes mellitus. It is hypothesized that L-carnitine exhibits neuro-protective effects on inj...Several studies have demonstrated that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats with diabetes mellitus. It is hypothesized that L-carnitine exhibits neuro-protective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats. Rat sciatic nerve was crush injured by a forceps and exhibited degenerative changes. After intragastric administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine for 30 days, axon area, myelin sheath area, axon diameter, myelin sheath diameter, and numerical density of the myelinated axons of injured sciatic nerve were similar to normal, and the function of injured sciatic nerve also improved signiifcantly. These ifndings suggest that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats.展开更多
Cyclophosphamide(CP) is a widely used anti-cancer agent; however, it can also induce serious male infertility. There are currently no effective drugs to alleviate this side-effect. L-Carnitine has been used to treat m...Cyclophosphamide(CP) is a widely used anti-cancer agent; however, it can also induce serious male infertility. There are currently no effective drugs to alleviate this side-effect. L-Carnitine has been used to treat male infertility, but whether it can be used to protect against CP-induced male infertility is still unclear. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of L-carnitine in male infertility induced by CP. CP was used to establish an animal model. After three weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and testis and serum were harvested for further evaluation. Testosterone and estrogen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Testicular injury was examined by hematoxylin and eosin(H & E) staining, and germ-cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dU TP nick end labeling(TUNEL). The expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR), respectively. Compared with the CP group, L-carnitine significantly increases sperm motility, viability, and testosterone level(P<0.05). Western blot and real-time PCR results showed that L-carnitine treatment can significantly up-regulate the LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression in the CP+L-carnitine group when compared with the control group(P<0.05). In addition, TUNEL-positive cells were also more numerous in the CP group; however, L-carnitine can effectively retard cell apoptosis in the CP+ L-carnitine group. In conclusion, L-carnitine contributes to the inhibition of cell apoptosis and the modulation of autophagy in protecting CP-induced testicular injury. These results suggest the applicability of L-carnitine in the treatment of male infertility.展开更多
A simple and rapid UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative(2’-deoxy-2’, 2’-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl) oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine,...A simple and rapid UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative(2’-deoxy-2’, 2’-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl) oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine, JDR) in rat plasma was developed and validated.The conventional plasma sample preparation method of nucleoside analogues is solidphase extraction(SPE) which is time-consuming and cost-expensive. In this study, gradient elution with small particles size solid phase was applied to effectively separate gemcitabine and JDR, and protein precipitation pretreatment was adopted to remove plasma protein and extract the analytes with high recovery(>81%). Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines, and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 5–4000 ng/ml for JDR and 4–4000 ng/ml for gemcitabine, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ)of gemcitabine and JDR was 4 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic studies of JDR and gemcitabine after oral administration to rats.展开更多
L-carnitine selective polymers were prepared by molecular imprinting using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer. The acid function of the monomer is expected to form hydrogen bond and ionic interactions with th...L-carnitine selective polymers were prepared by molecular imprinting using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer. The acid function of the monomer is expected to form hydrogen bond and ionic interactions with the amine function of the target molecule L-carnitine. The imprinted polymers were used as stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was shown that L-carnitine imprinted polymer exhibited a higher affinity to its template molecule, while the non-imprinted polymer had no affinity to the compounds tested. Racemic carnitine hydrochloride was efficiently resolved on the L-carnitine imprinted polymer, and the separation factor is 1.9.展开更多
This observational cohort study investigated the potential of a novel sperm-washing medium(SWM)enriched with serotonin(5-HT),L-carnitine(L-C),and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)to enhance sperm motility and reduce DNA damage.It c...This observational cohort study investigated the potential of a novel sperm-washing medium(SWM)enriched with serotonin(5-HT),L-carnitine(L-C),and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)to enhance sperm motility and reduce DNA damage.It compared this innovative medium(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM)with two widely used commercial media(SWM 1 and SWM 2).Ninety-eight volunteers from an infertility clinic provided semen samples,which were divided into three aliquots for analysis in different SWMs:group 1,SWM was composed of hydroxyethyl piperazineethanesulfonic acid(HEPES),sodium bicarbonate,human serum albumin(HSA),taurine,and gentamicin sulfate(SWM 1);group 2,SWM was composed of HEPES,sodium bicarbonate,and HSA(SWM 2);and group 3,SWM was composed of HEPES-buffered human tubal fluid supplemented with 5-HT,L-C,and CoQ10(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM).Sperm motility was categorized as progressive,nonprogressive,or immotile.Apoptosis,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and DNA fragmentation were also assessed.There were no significant differences in total or progressive sperm motility among the groups.Spermatozoa in group 3 exhibited reduced apoptosis,necrosis,and ROS levels and increased viability.No significant differences were observed in the DNA fragmentation index among groups.The 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM reduced sperm oxidative stress and apoptosis compared with those of the two commercially available SWMs,suggesting that 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM could be useful for enhancing in vitro fertilization success rates.展开更多
Summary： The effects of L-carnitine, as an ingredient of cardioplegia solution, on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation were investigated. Twenty-three...Summary： The effects of L-carnitine, as an ingredient of cardioplegia solution, on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation were investigated. Twenty-three cases undergoing heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） were randomly allocated into two groups： L-carnitine group （n=12, 12 g/L L-carnitine was put in the ST. Thomas cardioplegia） and control group （n=11, identical to the L-carnitine group except that normal saline was administered instead of L-carnitine）. Serum cardial troponin I （cTnI） levels, the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, and cardiac index （CI） were measured perioperatively. A bit of myocardial tissue obtained from right atria was taken before CPB and by the end of intracardiac procedure to undergo electron microscopy examination and estimate apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. From the end of CPB to 3 days after operation, the serum levels of cTnI in the L-carnitine group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Heart color ultrasonogram showed that the CI index and LVEF at 7th day postoperatively in the L-carnitine group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Compared to the control group, L-carnitine significantly alleviated the morphologic changes of cardiac muscle cells （electron microscopy examination） and decreased the amounts of apoptotic cardiac muscle cells （TUNEL）. Furthermore, the dosage of vasoactive drugs used after operation was significantly less in the L-carnitine group （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that L-carnitine cardioplegia solution could improve cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation and alleviate CPB-mediated apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)dominates the landscape of modern hepatology.Affecting 25%of the general population,there is critical unmet need to identify broadly available,safe and cost-effective...BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)dominates the landscape of modern hepatology.Affecting 25%of the general population,there is critical unmet need to identify broadly available,safe and cost-effective treatments.Cumulative evidence in animal and human models suggests that intrahepatic and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation is impaired in NAFLD,such that lipid accretion is not matched by efficient utilisation.L-carnitine is a crucial mediator of fatty acid metabolism in vivo,promoting mitochondrial lipidβ-oxidation and enhancing tissue metabolic flexibility.These physiological properties have generated research interest in L-carnitine as a potentially effective adjunctive therapy in NAFLD.AIM To systematically review randomised trials reporting effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on liver biochemistry,liver fat and insulin sensitivity in NAFLD.METHODS Search strategies,eligibility criteria and analytic methods were specified a priori(PROSPERO reference:CRD42018107063).Ovid MEDLINE,Ovid EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception until April 2019.Outcome measures included serum concentrations of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase(ALT and AST),liver fat and insulin sensitivity assessed by the homeostasis model of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).A random effects meta-analysis was performed for,ALT,AST and HOMA-IR measures separately.Between-study heterogeneity was measured using I2 statistics.RESULTS Five eligible randomised trials were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis(n=338).All of the 5 included trials assessed the effect of L-carnitine on serum ALT,identified from Italy,South Korea and Iran.Weighted mean difference(WMD)for ALT between L-carnitine and control groups after intervention was-25.34 IU/L[95%CI:-41.74-(-8.94);P=0.002].WMD for AST between L-carnitine and control groups was-13.68 IU/L(95%CI:-28.26-0.89;P=0.066).In three studies(n=204),HOMA-IR was evaluated.WMD for HOMA-IR between L-carnitine and control groups was-0.74 units[95%CI:-1.02-(-0.46);P<0.001].Two studies using validated outcome measures reported a significant reduction in liver fat in L-carnitine vs control groups post-intervention(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Pooled results indicate that L-carnitine supplementation attenuates ALT,liver fat and insulin resistance in NAFLD cohorts,confirming a beneficial effect of Lcarnitine for a highly prevalent condition with a growing economic burden.展开更多
This study evaluated the relationship between serum L-carnitine level and sperm parameters in young boars. Serum L-carnitine and semen characteristics were determined for 61 young Duroc boars between the ages of 590 a...This study evaluated the relationship between serum L-carnitine level and sperm parameters in young boars. Serum L-carnitine and semen characteristics were determined for 61 young Duroc boars between the ages of 590 and 630 days. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to predict total and progressive motility and the total number of spermatozoa based on serum total L-carnitine and free L-carnitine levels. Total number of spermatozoa was not associated with basal serum L-carnitine levels. A regression equation was found in which both total L-carnitine levels and free L-carnitine levels were significant predictors of total and progressive motility (P 0.05). These results suggest that serum L-carnitine level is an important selection parameter for stock boars.展开更多
A 4-week low dosage (500 mg/day) L-carnitine supplementation in combination with motivation training was carried out in 24 overweight (BMI 25.8 - 26.6 kg/m2) Japanese males in the course of a double-blind randomized p...A 4-week low dosage (500 mg/day) L-carnitine supplementation in combination with motivation training was carried out in 24 overweight (BMI 25.8 - 26.6 kg/m2) Japanese males in the course of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. L-carnitine motivated group showed significant body weight loss and a decrement of serum triglyceride level vs. the non-motivated placebo group. Serum adiponectin levels increased in both L-carnitine supplemented groups. The beneficial effects of L-carnitine were amplified by motivation training. For clinical evaluation of supplements, whose efficacy is potentially affected by inter-individual life style variability, supportive motivation training might be advisable for future clinical trials.展开更多
Objective： Statins＇ therapy in osteoporosis can aggravate muscle damage. This study was designed to assess which agent, L-carnitine or coenzyme Q10, could enhance the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while a...Objective： Statins＇ therapy in osteoporosis can aggravate muscle damage. This study was designed to assess which agent, L-carnitine or coenzyme Q10, could enhance the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while antagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. Methods： Forty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were used; forty rats were ovariectomized while eight were sham-operated. Eight weeks post-ovariectomy, rats were divided into ovariectomized-untreated group and four ovadectomized-treated groups （n=8） which received by gavage （mg/（kg.d）, for 8 weeks） 17^-estradiol （0.1）, atorvastatin （50）, atorvastatin （50）＋L-carnitine （100）, or atorvastatin （50）＋coenzyme Q10 （20）. At the end of therapy, bone mineral density （BMD）, bone mineral content （BMC）, and serum levels of bone metabolic markers （BMMs） and creatine kinase （CK） were measured. Femurs were used for studying the breaking strength and histopathological changes. Results： Treatment with atorvastatin＋L-carnitine restored BMD, BMC, and bone strength to near normal levels. Estrogen therapy restored BMD and BMC to near normal levels, but failed to increase bone strength. Although atorvastatin and atorvastatin＋coenzyme Q10 improved BMD, BMC, and bone strength, they failed to restore levels to normal. All treatments decreased BMMs and improved histopathological changes maximally with atorvastatin＋L-carnitine which restored levels to near normal. Atorvastatin aggravated the ovariectomy-induced increase in CK level while estrogen, atorvastatin＋L-carnitine, and atorvastatin＋coenzyme Q10 decreased its level mainly with atorvastatin＋L-camitine which restored the level to near normal. Conclusions： Co- administration of L-carnitine, but not coenzyme Q10, enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while an- tagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. This could be valuable in treatment of osteoporotic patients. However, further confirmatory studies are needed.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of L-carnitine on in vitro maturation and subsequent in vitro embryo production of buffalo oocytes.Methods:Cumulus oocyte complexes(COCs)were aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered b...Objective:To investigate the effect of L-carnitine on in vitro maturation and subsequent in vitro embryo production of buffalo oocytes.Methods:Cumulus oocyte complexes(COCs)were aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes.COCs were classified into good and fair qualities based on morphological observation of numbers and integrity of cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte.Both categories of COCs were placed in in vitro maturation medium with supplementation of different concentrations(0,0.250,0.375 or 0.500 mg/mL)of L-carnitine.Oocytes from both qualities were in vitro fertilized and in vitro cultured for 7 days,to examine the developmental competence.Results:Supplementation of L-carnitine to in vitro maturation medium increased the cumulus cell expansion rate of COCs to grade A,and reduced the cumulus cell expansion of COCs to grade B and grade C in both good and fair quality oocytes.Similarly,L-carnitine induced the in vitro meiotic progression of buffalo oocytes to metaphaseⅡin both good and fair quality oocytes.Additionally,L-carnitine reduced the rate of oocyte degeneration in both good and fair quality oocytes.L-carnitine increased the rate of cleaved formation at day 2 and blastocyst formation at day 7 during in vitro culture in both qualities of oocytes.Moreover,a higher rate of blastocyst production was observed in L-carnitine-treated fair quality oocytes,which was higher than the results in the untreated good quality oocytes.Conclusions:L-carnitine enhances meiotic maturation and subsequent embryo development from both good and fair quality buffalo oocytes.展开更多
The present study was aimed to observe the effects of urea ingestion, non-protein nitrogen, on the disorder of nitrogen metabolism with the L-carnitine contents using the blood, kidney, liver, and femoral muscle as ma...The present study was aimed to observe the effects of urea ingestion, non-protein nitrogen, on the disorder of nitrogen metabolism with the L-carnitine contents using the blood, kidney, liver, and femoral muscle as markers. A total of 8 Japanese white rabbits were used in this experiment. They were fed a basal diet prepared for the control group and the nitrogen volume proportionated to one-third of CP 14%, was replaced with urea in the feed of the experimental group for 7 days. On the final day, the animals were fasted from the previous evening and sacrificed. Blood was collected into a test tube at the same time of the sacrifice and their heart, kidney, liver and femoral muscle were collected. The L-carnitine contents in each sample and the urea in the blood were determined. The results of the growth test showed that there was no significant difference. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the contents of L-carnitine and urea in each sample. It was concluded that nitrogen replacement of the diet with urea, in the range of 1/3 of dietary protein, had neither effect on the maintenance of body weight nor nitrogen balance, including the de novo synthesis of L-carnitine.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to study antioxidant effects of L-carnitine （LC） on rabbit, and explore its impact on SOD, GSH-PX, CAT, T-AOC and MDA activity in the plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbit...[ Objective] The paper was to study antioxidant effects of L-carnitine （LC） on rabbit, and explore its impact on SOD, GSH-PX, CAT, T-AOC and MDA activity in the plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbit. [ Method] The healthy matured New Zealand rabbits with big ears were intragastrically administrated with LC at the dose of lmL/kg, and SOD, GSH-PX, CAT, T-AOC and MDA activities in plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbit were determined at different periods before and after administration, respectively. [Result] After LC administration, SOD, GSH-PX CAT, and T-AOC activity in plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid increased significantly （P 〈 0.05 ）, while MDA content decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05）. [Condusion ] LC oral solution shows antioxidant effects on rabbit.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671621)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of L-carnitine on population growth of Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetrahymena sp..[Method] When the concentration of L-carnitine was 0,50,100 and 1 000 mg/L,population densities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetrahymena were determined respectively.[Result] Adding high-dose L-carnitine had a significant inhibition effect on the population growth of Nannochloropsis oculata （P0.05）.Adding L-carnitine had a significant proliferation promoting effect on the population growth of Tetrahymena （P0.05）.[Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for the application of L-carnitine as feed additive in aquaculture.
文摘To investigate the protective effect of L-carnitine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart,all harvested isolated hearts were perfused on Langendorff apparatus with oxygenized K-H solution for 20 min. The hearts were then exposed to ischemia for 30 min. Following the ischemia the hearts were re-perfused with K-H solution for 120 min to serve as the control group A. Either 5 or 10 mmol/L of L-carnitine was added into the K-H solution for 20 min at the beginning of reperfusion to generate group B and group C, respectively. The derivatives of the intraventricular pressure curve （DP/DT）, left ventricular developed pressure （LVDP）, and coronary flux were monitored during the entire experiment. The levels of ATP, hepatin, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in tissue, and lactic dehydrogenase （LDH）, creatine phosphate kinase （CPK）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） concentration in the coronary efflux were all measured. Compared with the control group, the treatment with L-carnitine resulted in better results, i. e. , higher DP/DTmax and LVDP. At the same time, ventricular fibrillation was reduced, and the levels of ATP, hepatin and SOD were all elevated. However, the concentrations of MDA, CPK and LDH were all reduced. In conclusion, L-carnitine has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is partly due to its prevention of energy loss and its antioxidant activity.
文摘The fatty acid composition of spermatozoa has been shown to be important for their function,and L-carnitine is crucial for fatty acid metabolism.Its levels in the seminal plasma positively correlate with semen quality,whereas high body mass index(BMI)is associated with both reduced semen quality and altered sperm fatty acid composition.Here,we examined the associations between free seminal L-carnitine levels and sperm fatty acid composition as well as BMI.Semen samples were collected and analyzed from 128 men with unknown fertility status and with BMI ranging from 19 kg m^(−2) to 63 kg m^(−2).Sperm fatty acid composition was assessed by gas chromatography,while free seminal L-carnitine analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography.Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with the amount of sperm palmitic acid(β=0.21;P=0.014),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA;β=0.23;P=0.007),and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(β=0.23;P=0.008)and a negative correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with lignoceric acid(β=−0.29;P=0.001)and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(β=−0.24;P=0.012)when adjusted for covariates.There was no relationship between free seminal L-carnitine levels and BMI.Since free seminal L-carnitine levels are associated with semen quality,the absence of a correlation with BMI suggests that reduced semen quality in obese men is independent of seminal L-carnitine.
基金Supported by Ministero dell’Università e Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica
文摘AIM：To evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine on alleviating anemia,thrombocytopenia and leukopenia,and minimizing dose reductions in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus（HCV）in treatment with Interferonα（IFN-α）plus ribavirin.METHODS：Sixty-nine patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups.group A（n=35）received Peg-IFN-α2b plus ribavirin plus L-carnitine,and group B（n=34）received Peg-IFN-αand ribavirin for 12 mo.All patients underwent laboratory investigations including：red cell count,he-moglobin,white cell count,platelets,bilirubin,alanineaminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,and viremia.RESULTS：After 12 mo in group A compared to group B we observed significant differences in AST 108.8 vs 76.8（IU/L;P0.001）,ALT 137.vs 112.3（IU/L;P 0.001）,viremia 4.04 vs 2.36（106 copies/mL;P 0.001）,Hb 1 vs 3.5（g/dL;P0.05）,red blood cells 0.3 vs 1.1（1012/L;P0.001）,white blood cells 1.5 vs 3（10/L;P0.001）and platelets 86 vs 85（×10/L;P0.001）.The end treatment responders were 18 vs 12（60%vs 44%）and the non responders were 12 vs 15（40%vs 50%）[odds ratio（OR）1.65,5%CI =0.65-5.37,P0.05.In group A compared to group B there was a significant improvement of sustained vi-rological response in 15 vs 7 patients（50%vs25%）,while the relapsers were 3 vs 5（10%vs 18%）（OR 3.57,5%CI=0.65-1.3,P0.001）.CONCLUSION：L-carnitine supplementations modulate erythropoiesis,leucopoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis,and may be useful in patients treated for HCV.L-carni-tine treatment offers the possibility of achieving a sus-tained virological response while preventing overtreat-ment.
基金supported by a grant from Ataturk University Scientific Experimental Project Office to Project Number 2012/07
文摘Several studies have demonstrated that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats with diabetes mellitus. It is hypothesized that L-carnitine exhibits neuro-protective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats. Rat sciatic nerve was crush injured by a forceps and exhibited degenerative changes. After intragastric administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine for 30 days, axon area, myelin sheath area, axon diameter, myelin sheath diameter, and numerical density of the myelinated axons of injured sciatic nerve were similar to normal, and the function of injured sciatic nerve also improved signiifcantly. These ifndings suggest that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciene Foundation of China(No.81402814)
文摘Cyclophosphamide(CP) is a widely used anti-cancer agent; however, it can also induce serious male infertility. There are currently no effective drugs to alleviate this side-effect. L-Carnitine has been used to treat male infertility, but whether it can be used to protect against CP-induced male infertility is still unclear. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of L-carnitine in male infertility induced by CP. CP was used to establish an animal model. After three weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and testis and serum were harvested for further evaluation. Testosterone and estrogen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Testicular injury was examined by hematoxylin and eosin(H & E) staining, and germ-cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dU TP nick end labeling(TUNEL). The expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR), respectively. Compared with the CP group, L-carnitine significantly increases sperm motility, viability, and testosterone level(P<0.05). Western blot and real-time PCR results showed that L-carnitine treatment can significantly up-regulate the LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression in the CP+L-carnitine group when compared with the control group(P<0.05). In addition, TUNEL-positive cells were also more numerous in the CP group; however, L-carnitine can effectively retard cell apoptosis in the CP+ L-carnitine group. In conclusion, L-carnitine contributes to the inhibition of cell apoptosis and the modulation of autophagy in protecting CP-induced testicular injury. These results suggest the applicability of L-carnitine in the treatment of male infertility.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81173009)Technology Bureau in Shenyang (No. ZCJJ2013402)+2 种基金the financial support from Project for New Century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education (No.NCET-12-1015)Specific Science Foundation of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (No. ZCJJ2014409)National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (2016)
文摘A simple and rapid UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative(2’-deoxy-2’, 2’-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl) oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine, JDR) in rat plasma was developed and validated.The conventional plasma sample preparation method of nucleoside analogues is solidphase extraction(SPE) which is time-consuming and cost-expensive. In this study, gradient elution with small particles size solid phase was applied to effectively separate gemcitabine and JDR, and protein precipitation pretreatment was adopted to remove plasma protein and extract the analytes with high recovery(>81%). Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines, and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 5–4000 ng/ml for JDR and 4–4000 ng/ml for gemcitabine, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ)of gemcitabine and JDR was 4 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic studies of JDR and gemcitabine after oral administration to rats.
基金Research supported by The Analysis & Test Fund of Zhejiang Province.
文摘L-carnitine selective polymers were prepared by molecular imprinting using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer. The acid function of the monomer is expected to form hydrogen bond and ionic interactions with the amine function of the target molecule L-carnitine. The imprinted polymers were used as stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was shown that L-carnitine imprinted polymer exhibited a higher affinity to its template molecule, while the non-imprinted polymer had no affinity to the compounds tested. Racemic carnitine hydrochloride was efficiently resolved on the L-carnitine imprinted polymer, and the separation factor is 1.9.
基金financially supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council(TUBITAK,No.TUBITAK-7218008)the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Istanbul Kultur University(No.IKU-BAP2212).
文摘This observational cohort study investigated the potential of a novel sperm-washing medium(SWM)enriched with serotonin(5-HT),L-carnitine(L-C),and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)to enhance sperm motility and reduce DNA damage.It compared this innovative medium(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM)with two widely used commercial media(SWM 1 and SWM 2).Ninety-eight volunteers from an infertility clinic provided semen samples,which were divided into three aliquots for analysis in different SWMs:group 1,SWM was composed of hydroxyethyl piperazineethanesulfonic acid(HEPES),sodium bicarbonate,human serum albumin(HSA),taurine,and gentamicin sulfate(SWM 1);group 2,SWM was composed of HEPES,sodium bicarbonate,and HSA(SWM 2);and group 3,SWM was composed of HEPES-buffered human tubal fluid supplemented with 5-HT,L-C,and CoQ10(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM).Sperm motility was categorized as progressive,nonprogressive,or immotile.Apoptosis,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and DNA fragmentation were also assessed.There were no significant differences in total or progressive sperm motility among the groups.Spermatozoa in group 3 exhibited reduced apoptosis,necrosis,and ROS levels and increased viability.No significant differences were observed in the DNA fragmentation index among groups.The 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM reduced sperm oxidative stress and apoptosis compared with those of the two commercially available SWMs,suggesting that 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM could be useful for enhancing in vitro fertilization success rates.
文摘Summary： The effects of L-carnitine, as an ingredient of cardioplegia solution, on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation were investigated. Twenty-three cases undergoing heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） were randomly allocated into two groups： L-carnitine group （n=12, 12 g/L L-carnitine was put in the ST. Thomas cardioplegia） and control group （n=11, identical to the L-carnitine group except that normal saline was administered instead of L-carnitine）. Serum cardial troponin I （cTnI） levels, the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, and cardiac index （CI） were measured perioperatively. A bit of myocardial tissue obtained from right atria was taken before CPB and by the end of intracardiac procedure to undergo electron microscopy examination and estimate apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL）. From the end of CPB to 3 days after operation, the serum levels of cTnI in the L-carnitine group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Heart color ultrasonogram showed that the CI index and LVEF at 7th day postoperatively in the L-carnitine group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Compared to the control group, L-carnitine significantly alleviated the morphologic changes of cardiac muscle cells （electron microscopy examination） and decreased the amounts of apoptotic cardiac muscle cells （TUNEL）. Furthermore, the dosage of vasoactive drugs used after operation was significantly less in the L-carnitine group （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that L-carnitine cardioplegia solution could improve cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation and alleviate CPB-mediated apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)dominates the landscape of modern hepatology.Affecting 25%of the general population,there is critical unmet need to identify broadly available,safe and cost-effective treatments.Cumulative evidence in animal and human models suggests that intrahepatic and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation is impaired in NAFLD,such that lipid accretion is not matched by efficient utilisation.L-carnitine is a crucial mediator of fatty acid metabolism in vivo,promoting mitochondrial lipidβ-oxidation and enhancing tissue metabolic flexibility.These physiological properties have generated research interest in L-carnitine as a potentially effective adjunctive therapy in NAFLD.AIM To systematically review randomised trials reporting effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on liver biochemistry,liver fat and insulin sensitivity in NAFLD.METHODS Search strategies,eligibility criteria and analytic methods were specified a priori(PROSPERO reference:CRD42018107063).Ovid MEDLINE,Ovid EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception until April 2019.Outcome measures included serum concentrations of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase(ALT and AST),liver fat and insulin sensitivity assessed by the homeostasis model of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).A random effects meta-analysis was performed for,ALT,AST and HOMA-IR measures separately.Between-study heterogeneity was measured using I2 statistics.RESULTS Five eligible randomised trials were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis(n=338).All of the 5 included trials assessed the effect of L-carnitine on serum ALT,identified from Italy,South Korea and Iran.Weighted mean difference(WMD)for ALT between L-carnitine and control groups after intervention was-25.34 IU/L[95%CI:-41.74-(-8.94);P=0.002].WMD for AST between L-carnitine and control groups was-13.68 IU/L(95%CI:-28.26-0.89;P=0.066).In three studies(n=204),HOMA-IR was evaluated.WMD for HOMA-IR between L-carnitine and control groups was-0.74 units[95%CI:-1.02-(-0.46);P<0.001].Two studies using validated outcome measures reported a significant reduction in liver fat in L-carnitine vs control groups post-intervention(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Pooled results indicate that L-carnitine supplementation attenuates ALT,liver fat and insulin resistance in NAFLD cohorts,confirming a beneficial effect of Lcarnitine for a highly prevalent condition with a growing economic burden.
文摘This study evaluated the relationship between serum L-carnitine level and sperm parameters in young boars. Serum L-carnitine and semen characteristics were determined for 61 young Duroc boars between the ages of 590 and 630 days. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to predict total and progressive motility and the total number of spermatozoa based on serum total L-carnitine and free L-carnitine levels. Total number of spermatozoa was not associated with basal serum L-carnitine levels. A regression equation was found in which both total L-carnitine levels and free L-carnitine levels were significant predictors of total and progressive motility (P 0.05). These results suggest that serum L-carnitine level is an important selection parameter for stock boars.
文摘A 4-week low dosage (500 mg/day) L-carnitine supplementation in combination with motivation training was carried out in 24 overweight (BMI 25.8 - 26.6 kg/m2) Japanese males in the course of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. L-carnitine motivated group showed significant body weight loss and a decrement of serum triglyceride level vs. the non-motivated placebo group. Serum adiponectin levels increased in both L-carnitine supplemented groups. The beneficial effects of L-carnitine were amplified by motivation training. For clinical evaluation of supplements, whose efficacy is potentially affected by inter-individual life style variability, supportive motivation training might be advisable for future clinical trials.
文摘Objective： Statins＇ therapy in osteoporosis can aggravate muscle damage. This study was designed to assess which agent, L-carnitine or coenzyme Q10, could enhance the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while antagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. Methods： Forty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were used; forty rats were ovariectomized while eight were sham-operated. Eight weeks post-ovariectomy, rats were divided into ovariectomized-untreated group and four ovadectomized-treated groups （n=8） which received by gavage （mg/（kg.d）, for 8 weeks） 17^-estradiol （0.1）, atorvastatin （50）, atorvastatin （50）＋L-carnitine （100）, or atorvastatin （50）＋coenzyme Q10 （20）. At the end of therapy, bone mineral density （BMD）, bone mineral content （BMC）, and serum levels of bone metabolic markers （BMMs） and creatine kinase （CK） were measured. Femurs were used for studying the breaking strength and histopathological changes. Results： Treatment with atorvastatin＋L-carnitine restored BMD, BMC, and bone strength to near normal levels. Estrogen therapy restored BMD and BMC to near normal levels, but failed to increase bone strength. Although atorvastatin and atorvastatin＋coenzyme Q10 improved BMD, BMC, and bone strength, they failed to restore levels to normal. All treatments decreased BMMs and improved histopathological changes maximally with atorvastatin＋L-carnitine which restored levels to near normal. Atorvastatin aggravated the ovariectomy-induced increase in CK level while estrogen, atorvastatin＋L-carnitine, and atorvastatin＋coenzyme Q10 decreased its level mainly with atorvastatin＋L-camitine which restored the level to near normal. Conclusions： Co- administration of L-carnitine, but not coenzyme Q10, enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while an- tagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. This could be valuable in treatment of osteoporotic patients. However, further confirmatory studies are needed.
基金supported by Bangladesh Academy of Science(BAS-USDAProject No.LS-16/2017)+2 种基金the International Foundation for Science(IFSreference No B/5219)Bangabandhu Science and Technology Fellowship Trust of Ministry of Science and Technology,People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of L-carnitine on in vitro maturation and subsequent in vitro embryo production of buffalo oocytes.Methods:Cumulus oocyte complexes(COCs)were aspirated from ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes.COCs were classified into good and fair qualities based on morphological observation of numbers and integrity of cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte.Both categories of COCs were placed in in vitro maturation medium with supplementation of different concentrations(0,0.250,0.375 or 0.500 mg/mL)of L-carnitine.Oocytes from both qualities were in vitro fertilized and in vitro cultured for 7 days,to examine the developmental competence.Results:Supplementation of L-carnitine to in vitro maturation medium increased the cumulus cell expansion rate of COCs to grade A,and reduced the cumulus cell expansion of COCs to grade B and grade C in both good and fair quality oocytes.Similarly,L-carnitine induced the in vitro meiotic progression of buffalo oocytes to metaphaseⅡin both good and fair quality oocytes.Additionally,L-carnitine reduced the rate of oocyte degeneration in both good and fair quality oocytes.L-carnitine increased the rate of cleaved formation at day 2 and blastocyst formation at day 7 during in vitro culture in both qualities of oocytes.Moreover,a higher rate of blastocyst production was observed in L-carnitine-treated fair quality oocytes,which was higher than the results in the untreated good quality oocytes.Conclusions:L-carnitine enhances meiotic maturation and subsequent embryo development from both good and fair quality buffalo oocytes.
文摘The present study was aimed to observe the effects of urea ingestion, non-protein nitrogen, on the disorder of nitrogen metabolism with the L-carnitine contents using the blood, kidney, liver, and femoral muscle as markers. A total of 8 Japanese white rabbits were used in this experiment. They were fed a basal diet prepared for the control group and the nitrogen volume proportionated to one-third of CP 14%, was replaced with urea in the feed of the experimental group for 7 days. On the final day, the animals were fasted from the previous evening and sacrificed. Blood was collected into a test tube at the same time of the sacrifice and their heart, kidney, liver and femoral muscle were collected. The L-carnitine contents in each sample and the urea in the blood were determined. The results of the growth test showed that there was no significant difference. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the contents of L-carnitine and urea in each sample. It was concluded that nitrogen replacement of the diet with urea, in the range of 1/3 of dietary protein, had neither effect on the maintenance of body weight nor nitrogen balance, including the de novo synthesis of L-carnitine.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Plan of Yantai City(2011074)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2010HL068)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study antioxidant effects of L-carnitine （LC） on rabbit, and explore its impact on SOD, GSH-PX, CAT, T-AOC and MDA activity in the plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbit. [ Method] The healthy matured New Zealand rabbits with big ears were intragastrically administrated with LC at the dose of lmL/kg, and SOD, GSH-PX, CAT, T-AOC and MDA activities in plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbit were determined at different periods before and after administration, respectively. [Result] After LC administration, SOD, GSH-PX CAT, and T-AOC activity in plasma, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid increased significantly （P 〈 0.05 ）, while MDA content decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05）. [Condusion ] LC oral solution shows antioxidant effects on rabbit.
