The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use e...The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.展开更多
Optimization problems are crucial for a wide range of engineering applications,as efficient solutions lead to better performance.This study introduces an improved coati optimization algorithm(ICOA)that overcomes the p...Optimization problems are crucial for a wide range of engineering applications,as efficient solutions lead to better performance.This study introduces an improved coati optimization algorithm(ICOA)that overcomes the primary limitations of the original coati optimization algorithm(COA),notably its insufficient population diversity and propensity to become trapped in local optima.To address these issues,the ICOA integrates three innovative strategies:Latin hypercube sampling(LHS),Lévyflight,and an adaptive local search.LHS is employed to ensure a diverse initial population,thereby laying a foundation for the optimization.Lévy-flight is utilized to facilitate an efficient global search,enhancing the algorithm’s ability to explore the solution space.The adaptive local search is designed to refine solutions,enabling more precise local exploration.Together,these strategies significantly improve the population’s quality and diversity,thereby improving the algorithm’s convergence accuracy and optimization capabilities.The performance of the ICOA is tested against several established algorithms,using 12 benchmark functions.Additionally,the ICOA’s practicality and effectiveness are demonstrated through application to a real-world engineering problem,specifically the design optimization of tension/compression springs.Simulation results show that the ICOA consistently outperforms the other algorithms,providing robust solutions for a wide range of optimization problems.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the effect of different nitrogen application levels and modes on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants.[Method] Using Guichao 2 and Diejiazhan as test materials,with ...[Objective]The paper was to study the effect of different nitrogen application levels and modes on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants.[Method] Using Guichao 2 and Diejiazhan as test materials,with total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco nitrogen,free amino acid nitrogen as indicators,the effect of nitrogen application on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants were studied.[Result] The contents of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco-N,free amino nitrogen of rice plant during heading and maturity stage increased with the increasing application amount of nitrogen,and their contents would be high under heavy application of spike fertilizer when the application amount of nitrogen was the same.However,application of nitrogen had different impact on different forms of nitrogen,which showed obvious impact on the contents of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen.The differences of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen content of two varieties during heading and maturity stage under different nitrogen application modes all reached significant or extremely significant level.Correlation analysis showed that total nitrogen content of rice plant had extremely significant correlation with protein nitrogen content during heading and maturity stage in both early and late seasons.[Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the regulatory role of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption and utilization.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on th...[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.展开更多
Paddy field is an important land use in subtropical China. Development of high soil fertility and productivity is the management goal of paddy field, Fertilization and management practices have not only influenced the...Paddy field is an important land use in subtropical China. Development of high soil fertility and productivity is the management goal of paddy field, Fertilization and management practices have not only influenced the status of organic matter and nutrients in the soil but also affected the environmental quality. This article investigates the contents of organic carbon and the nutrients, and the change over the last 20 years in highly productive paddy soils and their environmental application. Field soils were sampled and the analytical results were compared with the corresponding values in the Second Soil Survey in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province, China. The results showed that surface soils at a depth of 0-10 cm in highly productive paddy fields in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province had contents of organic carbon （20.2 ±3.88） g kg^-1, total nitrogen （2.09±0.55） g kg^-1, and available phosphorus （42.7 ±32.7） mg kg^-1, respectively, which were all at very rich levels. Over the last 20 years, the organic carbon pool of the highly productive paddy soils reached a steady state. Total N and available P significantly increased, whereas available K changed a little. The amount and percentage of P immobilization in the surface soil （0-10 cm） of highly productive paddy fields were （142.7 ~ 41.1） mg kg-~ and （36.2~ 10.4）% of added P, and CEC （7.93 ~ 1.32） cmol kg-~. These two parameters were not higher than the mean values of paddy soils and upland red soils in the areas. Results also showed that fertilizer P in highly productive paddy soils had a high mobility and was prone to move toward a water body, which is the main source of nutrients causing eutrophication. Because of a weak K-fixing capacity, the available K content was not high in highly productive paddy soils. This suggests that attention should be paid to the K balance and the increase of soil K pool.展开更多
Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fer...Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.展开更多
To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C(SOC) and total N(TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Hu...To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C(SOC) and total N(TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Huang-HuaiHai Plain during 1990–2019. The experimental treatments consisted of five fertilizer regimes: no fertilizer(control), chemical fertilizer only(NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw(NPKS), chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM), and 1.5 times the rate of NPKM(1.5NPKM). The NPK, NPKS, and NPKM treatments had equal N inputs. The crop yields were measured over the whole experimental duration. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(0–10 and 10–20 cm) and subsoil(20–40 cm) layers for assessing soil aggregates and taking SOC and TN measurements. Compared with the NPK treatment, the SOC and TN contents increased significantly in both the topsoil(24.1–44.4% for SOC and 22.8–47.7% for TN) and subsoil layers(22.0–47.9% for SOC and 19.8–41.8% for TN) for the organically amended treatments(NPKS, NPKM and 1.5NPKM) after 30 years, while no significant differences were found for the average annual crop yields over the 30 years of the experiment. The 0–10 cm layer of the NPKS treatment and the 20–40 cm layer of the NPKM treatment had significantly higher macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(19.8 and 27.0%) than the NPK treatment. However, the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers of the 1.5NPKM treatment had significantly lower macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(–19.2 and –29.1%) than the control. The analysis showed that the higher SOC and TN in the soil of organically amended treatments compared to the NPK treatment were related to the increases in SOC and TN protected in the stable fractions(i.e., free microaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates), in which the contributions of the stable fractions were 81.1–91.7% of the increase in SOC and 83.3–94.0% of the increase in TN, respectively. The relationships between average C inputs and both stable SOC and TN stocks were significantly positive with R2 values of 0.74 and 0.72(P<0.01) for the whole 40 cm soil profile, which indicates the importance of N for soil C storage. The results of our study provide key evidence that long-term combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization, while maintaining reasonable total N inputs, benefited soil C and N storage in both the topsoil and subsoil layers.展开更多
Root morphology and physiology influence aboveground growth and yield formation in rice.However,root morphological and physiological differences among rice varieties with differing nitrogen(N)sensitivities and their r...Root morphology and physiology influence aboveground growth and yield formation in rice.However,root morphological and physiological differences among rice varieties with differing nitrogen(N)sensitivities and their relationship with grain yield are still unclear.In this study,rice varieties differing in N sensitivity over many years of experiments were used.A field experiment with multiple N rates(0,90,180,270,and 360 kg ha^(-1))was conducted to elucidate the effects of N application on root morphology,root physiology,and grain yield.A pot experiment with root excision and exogenous application of 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)at heading stage was used to further verify the above effects.The findings revealed that(1)under the same N application rate,N-insensitive varieties(NIV)had relatively large root biomass(root dry weight,length,and number).Grain yield was associated with root biomass in NIV.The oxidation activity and zeatin(Z)+zeatin riboside(ZR)contents in roots obviously and positively correlated with grain yield in N-sensitive varieties(NSV),and accounted for its higher grain yield than that of NIV at lower N application rates(90 and 180 kg ha^(-1)).(2)The root dry weight required for equal grain yield of NIV was greater than that of NSV.Excision of 1/10 and 1/8 of roots at heading stage had no discernible effect on the yield of Liangyoupeijiu(NIV),and it significantly reduced yield by 11.5%and 21.3%in Tianyouhuazhan(NSV),respectively,compared to the treatment without root excision.The decrease of filled kernels and grain weight after root excision was the primary cause for the yield reduction.Root excision and exogenous 6-BA application after root excision had little influence on the root activity of NIV.The oxidation activity and Z+ZR contents in roots of NSV decreased under root excision,and the increase in the proportion of excised roots aggravated these effects.The application of exogenous 6-BA increased the root activity of NSV and increased filled kernels and grain weight,thereby reducing yield loss after root excision.Thus,the root biomass of NIV was large,and there may be a phenomenon of"root growth redundancy."Vigorous root activity was an essential feature of NSV.Selecting rice varieties with high root activity or increasing root activity by cultivation measures could lead to higher grain yield under lower N application rates.展开更多
Evolving From principal-subordinate structure of C /S to flexible multileveled distributed structure, i.e. B/S architecture so as to form a wide, distributed and orderly Internet/Intranet integrated management inf orm...Evolving From principal-subordinate structure of C /S to flexible multileveled distributed structure, i.e. B/S architecture so as to form a wide, distributed and orderly Internet/Intranet integrated management inf ormation system, is the trend of development of application software of the whol e world. Advantages and disadvantages of the two modes: C/S and B/S are compared . It is pointed out that at present onefold B/S mode cannot yet fully fullfil th e demands of some complicated data processing, information statistics and analys is, etc, therefore it still awaits further development of technology to achieve 100% Internet. In this paper, a mode of B/S-C/S-blended multileveled architect ure is discussed; the logical levels of B/S mode is studied; Furthermore, combin ing some up-to-date software developing technology, combinatorial design of di fferent database application technology based on B/S is discussed. The expatiati on is made with following points: (1) Organic combination of the network distrib uted object technology of CORBA and the computation technology among different n etwork operating system ─ Java; (2) Organic combination of two modes of ASP and Plug_in; (3) JDBC Server and JDBC Client; (4) An expanded B/S model, i.e. the c lient application of browser communicates directly with Web server, and the serv er application communicates directly with database server through middle ware.展开更多
The vitamin C（VC） in crops was successfully determined using ascorbate oxidase（AO） electrochemical biosensor based on the biocompatible poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）（PEDOT） matrices,which was easily prepare...The vitamin C（VC） in crops was successfully determined using ascorbate oxidase（AO） electrochemical biosensor based on the biocompatible poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）（PEDOT） matrices,which was easily prepared by one-step electrodeposition technique in ionic liquid microemulsions.The fabricated biosensor displayed excellent bioelectrocatalytic performance to the oxidation of VC,wide linear range,low detection limit,fast response time,good operational and storage stability,the good results of the determination of VC in vegetable crops indicated that the fabricated biosensor will be a good candidate for the physiological and biochemical studies of crops in near future.展开更多
The effect of cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene in millet plants was studied. The heterozygous populations and isogenic lines with homocaryotic alloplasmic genes were obtained by crossing and reciprocal crossing of...The effect of cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene in millet plants was studied. The heterozygous populations and isogenic lines with homocaryotic alloplasmic genes were obtained by crossing and reciprocal crossing of cytoplasmic herbicide resistant plants with susceptive plants of foxtail millet. The characters of F1, F2, backcross and composite cross groups, and the growth and development of isogenic lines were compared. The cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene slowed the development of seedling, delayed heading, and shortened the milking stage in the foxtail millet plant. Yield capacity and main agronomic characters were all affected by the cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene in most of the backcross, composite cross, and F2 populations. However, there was stronger hybrid vigor in F1. The backcrosses, composite crosses, and F2 populations were widely separated and some of them had good characters similar to those of susceptive groups. The plant characters and development of foxtail millet were negatively affected by the cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene. The authors proposed a method of using hybrid vigor to obtain high yield and avoid the negative effects of herbicide resistance cytoplasm in plant growth. The expected results could be obtained by selecting individuals in separate populations of fast developed seedlings, well-developed roots, and with capacities of early heading and fast milking. Guided by the principal mentioned above, many high yield lines and hybrid crosses of foxtail millet with herbicide resistant cytoplasm were obtained.展开更多
Background:Forest management practices(e.g.choice of stand density,fertilisation)are just as important in carbon(C)forestry as in other types of forestry and will affect the level of C sequestration and profitability....Background:Forest management practices(e.g.choice of stand density,fertilisation)are just as important in carbon(C)forestry as in other types of forestry and will affect the level of C sequestration and profitability.Because C stored in wood is approximately proportional to the product of its volume and density,it is necessary to account for both volume growth and wood density when assessing the effects of fertilisation on C sequestration in pine forests.Methods:The effects of nitrogen(N)input from biosolids application on forest C sequestration were quantified from an intensively monitored biosolids field trial in a Pinus radiata plantation on a sandy soil in New Zealand.The field trial tested the application of three biosolids rates:Control(no application),Standard(300 kg N⋅ha^(-1) applied every three years),and High(600 kg N⋅ha^(-1) applied every three years),across three levels of stand density:300,450,and 600 stems⋅ha^(-1).Carbon sequestration was estimated using the C-Change model from annual plot measurements of stand density,stem height and diameter,and annual breast height wood densities obtained from increment cores.Results:By age 24 years,N-fertilised trees had sequestered 40 t C⋅ha^(-1) more than unfertilised trees,an increase of 18%.Fertilisation increased stem volume by 23%but reduced stem wood density by 2.5%.Most of the increased C sequestration occurred between age 6 and age 17 years and the Standard rate gave the same increase in C sequestration as the High rate.On average,there was no significant difference in growth rate between fertilised and unfertilised trees after the 17th growth year,but the increased growth ceased earlier at higher stand densities,and later at lower stand densities.Conclusions:This study indicates that 2–3 applications of the Standard rate would have been sufficient to achieve the increased C sequestration,with an applied N to C conversion ratio of 43–65 kg C⋅kg^(-1) N.Our results highlight that N fertilisation will become more widespread under greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes which en-courages forest management practices that improve C sequestration in young forests in New Zealand in particular and other countries in general.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral application(a modified technique)of an antimetabolite mitomycin C-soaked sponge in trabeculectomy for patients with glaucoma.METHODS:This retrospective stud...AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral application(a modified technique)of an antimetabolite mitomycin C-soaked sponge in trabeculectomy for patients with glaucoma.METHODS:This retrospective study included 101 patients(115 eyes)with glaucoma(aged 12–83y)who underwent trabeculectomy using a modified mitomycin C-soaked sponge placement method.A piece of 3.5×10 mm2 sponge was placed vertically and posteriorly with the long side perpendicular to the limbus.The mitomycin C concentration and exposure time were 0.2–0.5 mg/m L and 1–5min,respectively.Intraocular pressure,bestcorrected visual acuity,and hypotensive medications were recorded at baseline and at the final visit.Complications,interventions required,and bleb morphology were recorded postoperatively.The primary outcome was trabeculectomy safety,including complications and bleb morphology;the secondary outcome was the trabeculectomy success rate.RESULTS:At the final follow-up[median 28mo,range 7–67mo and interquartile range(IQR)13mo],the qualified(cumulative)success rate was 93.0%and the complete success rate was 60.0%.No bleb-related complications were observed.The mean height,extent,and vascularity grades were 0.6±0.9,1.1±0.4,and 2.4±0.9,respectively.All Seidel tests were negative.The mean posteriority grade was 0.8±0.4.CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with the long side of a mitomycin C-soaked sponge placed perpendicular to the corneal limbus is safe and effective.展开更多
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of organic farming aid (OFA) and inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of maize, chemical and microbial properties of soil for higher economic valu...The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of organic farming aid (OFA) and inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of maize, chemical and microbial properties of soil for higher economic value. Field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at the research fields of CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute located at Nyankpala in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana. The study consisted of five treatment combinations: full rate of OFA, full rate of NPK, 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK, full OFA + 1/2 NPK and a control (no OFA and no NPK) which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant (P 0.05) treatment and year interaction effect for all the growth parameters except for plant height, leaf area and leaf area index. Apart from hundred seed weight, treatment and year interaction effect for all the yield and yield components was significant (P 0.05). Application of full rate of NPK (90:60:60) resulted in the highest grain yield of 4960 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>, however it was statistically similar to those obtained by the combined application of full rate of OFA (250 ml·ha<sup>-1</sup>) + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK with grain yield of 4856 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> and 4639 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively. There was also a yield advantage of 197. 5%, 191.3%, 178.3 and 79.1% over the control for full NPK rate, full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK rate, 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and full OFA rate respectively. Application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK enhanced soil basal respiration (evolved CO<sub>2</sub>) and mineralizable C, implying that, combination of full OFA rate and NPK fertilizer would be necessary to boost soil microbial activity and soil labile nutrient pool (labile C pool). This suggests that combined use of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK fertilizer can be a better strategic tool for improving soil quality. The highest benefit cost ratios (BCR) of 2.58 and 3.77 were obtained following the application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that complementary use of OFA and NPK is more profitable than using single inputs (either OFA or NPK). Thus, in promoting technology packages to farmers, development practitioners must carefully consider the complementary of inputs that are cost-effective but economically rewarding.展开更多
C60 High Performance Concrete (HPC) was prepared by limiting cement content and adopting compositesuperplasticizer, low-alkalinity expansive agent and high-quality line mixture. The results showed that the performance...C60 High Performance Concrete (HPC) was prepared by limiting cement content and adopting compositesuperplasticizer, low-alkalinity expansive agent and high-quality line mixture. The results showed that the performance of the prepared C60 HPC was excellent. By adopting some advanced construction techniques such as usingsecondary vibration and secondary face compaction, controlling temperature difference and paying special attentionto early curing in the construction process, the prepared C60 HPC had been successfully applied in the monolithicstructure of huge building.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of trabeculectomy with large area mitomycin-C(MMC) application as a first line treatment in advanced glaucoma. ·METHODS: The records of 55 patients with severe visual field defects u...AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of trabeculectomy with large area mitomycin-C(MMC) application as a first line treatment in advanced glaucoma. ·METHODS: The records of 55 patients with severe visual field defects undergoing trabeculectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified as first-line therapy to either early trabeculectomy(initial trabeculectomy-Group 1) or long term medical therapy followed by trabeculectomy(primary trabeculectomy-Group 2). Trabeculectomy was performed with large-area MMC application. Intraocular pressure(IOP) values,visual acuities,mean deviations,morphology and function of the blebs,necessity for anti-glaucomatous medications and surgical complications were reported. ·RESULTS: There were 20 eyes of 18 patients in Group 1 and 37 eyes of 37 patients in Group 2. The mean preoperative IOPs in Groups 1 and 2 were 40.2±10.0mmHg(27-68mmHg) and 29.0±4.4mmHg(21-41mmHg),respectively(P=0.001). Average preoperative mean deviations(MD) in Groups 1 and 2 were 17.4±2.8dB(13.3-23dB) and 17.9± 2.4dB(13.7-23.2dB),respectively(P=0.441). Postoperative IOPs significantly decreased and were comparable in both Groups. The mean number of medications was significantly higher in Group 2(P =0.005). No cystic bleb formation was observed in Group 1,whereas 4 patients from Group 2(10.8%) developed cystic bleb(P =0.040). No visually devastating complication has occurred in both Groups. ·CONCLUSION: Initial trabeculectomy with large areaMMC application might be applied in patients with advanced glaucoma with low complication rates. Long-term topically applied anti-glaucomatous medications seem to increase the risk of cystic bleb formation.展开更多
Eleven nutrition elements and 5 quality elements of garlic(Allium sativum L.)in different Se,S level and their interaction pot experiments were analyzed by atom absorbing spectrophotometer,titration and fixing sulfur ...Eleven nutrition elements and 5 quality elements of garlic(Allium sativum L.)in different Se,S level and their interaction pot experiments were analyzed by atom absorbing spectrophotometer,titration and fixing sulfur method.The mineral elements were analyzed by the Principal Component Analysis and the Factor Analysis on the SPSS 10.0 and three main factors were picked.The results showed that Se,S and Se-S cooperated application enhanced the garlic nutrition quality by increasing mineral nutrition.The garlic Vc was the highest after using higher Se compared middle S level(S 20 mg/kg soil+Se 40 mg/kg soil).Lower Se level compared middle S level(S 40 mg/kg soil+Se 20 mg/kg soil)get the highest garlic abio-Se in all treatments.The garlic organic Se content was the highest after using higher Se compared middle S(S 40 mg/kg soil+Se 40 mg/kg soil).The treatment lower S compared lower Se level get the highest garlic allicin in all treatment.It showed that the fresh eating factor was affected by the element Se.The flavor factor and health care factor were affected by both Se and S.展开更多
Brassica napus L(rapeseed)is one of the most important oil crops with large cultivated area in China.Seed size and seed weight play crucial roles for yield and harvest.In this study,a type of 15 bp-deletion in BnaGRF7...Brassica napus L(rapeseed)is one of the most important oil crops with large cultivated area in China.Seed size and seed weight play crucial roles for yield and harvest.In this study,a type of 15 bp-deletion in BnaGRF7.CO2 coding region was identified through sequence alignment of BnaGRF7.C02 in 42 rapeseed varieties,and associ-ation analysis indicated that the 15 bp-deletion was related to the rapeseed Thousand-Seed Weight(TSW)phenotype.Furthermore,we developed two InDel markers to identify this 15 bp InDel.The tissue-specific expression patterns showed that BnaGRF7.C02 prominently expressed in the late stage of seed development.These findings may assist in InDel markers-based breeding efforts to select higher TWS varieties and improve the crop yield of B.nqpus.展开更多
The C-L method was generalized from Liapunov-Schmidt reduction method, combined with theory of singularities, for study of non-autonomous dynamical systems to obtain the typical bifurcating response curves in the syst...The C-L method was generalized from Liapunov-Schmidt reduction method, combined with theory of singularities, for study of non-autonomous dynamical systems to obtain the typical bifurcating response curves in the system parameter spaces. This method has been used, ar an example, to analyze the engineering nonlinear dynamical problems by obtaining the bifurcation programs and response curves which are useful in developing techniques of control to subharmonic instability of large rotating machinery.展开更多
G.rigens L.as a new quality ground cover plant can be applied in parks,yards,roadsides and tree pools,and contributes to the beauty of urban landscapes.This paper introduces biological characters and adaptability of‘...G.rigens L.as a new quality ground cover plant can be applied in parks,yards,roadsides and tree pools,and contributes to the beauty of urban landscapes.This paper introduces biological characters and adaptability of‘Mini Star White’,a new variety of G.rigens L.introduced from Japan,and studied the color improvement of the variety on the basis of applying it in various landscape forms,which enriches ground cover diversity of Suzhou area,and provides new materials for the hybridization of G.rigens L..展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund of China(31771724)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-10).
文摘The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Nos.2021JJ10045 and 2025JJ60072)the Open Research Subject of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(No.ZBKF-24-01)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240989)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M754304).
文摘Optimization problems are crucial for a wide range of engineering applications,as efficient solutions lead to better performance.This study introduces an improved coati optimization algorithm(ICOA)that overcomes the primary limitations of the original coati optimization algorithm(COA),notably its insufficient population diversity and propensity to become trapped in local optima.To address these issues,the ICOA integrates three innovative strategies:Latin hypercube sampling(LHS),Lévyflight,and an adaptive local search.LHS is employed to ensure a diverse initial population,thereby laying a foundation for the optimization.Lévy-flight is utilized to facilitate an efficient global search,enhancing the algorithm’s ability to explore the solution space.The adaptive local search is designed to refine solutions,enabling more precise local exploration.Together,these strategies significantly improve the population’s quality and diversity,thereby improving the algorithm’s convergence accuracy and optimization capabilities.The performance of the ICOA is tested against several established algorithms,using 12 benchmark functions.Additionally,the ICOA’s practicality and effectiveness are demonstrated through application to a real-world engineering problem,specifically the design optimization of tension/compression springs.Simulation results show that the ICOA consistently outperforms the other algorithms,providing robust solutions for a wide range of optimization problems.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(0728062)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(0832008Z)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the effect of different nitrogen application levels and modes on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants.[Method] Using Guichao 2 and Diejiazhan as test materials,with total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco nitrogen,free amino acid nitrogen as indicators,the effect of nitrogen application on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants were studied.[Result] The contents of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco-N,free amino nitrogen of rice plant during heading and maturity stage increased with the increasing application amount of nitrogen,and their contents would be high under heavy application of spike fertilizer when the application amount of nitrogen was the same.However,application of nitrogen had different impact on different forms of nitrogen,which showed obvious impact on the contents of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen.The differences of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen content of two varieties during heading and maturity stage under different nitrogen application modes all reached significant or extremely significant level.Correlation analysis showed that total nitrogen content of rice plant had extremely significant correlation with protein nitrogen content during heading and maturity stage in both early and late seasons.[Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the regulatory role of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption and utilization.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2006BAD05B06-04)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40471066)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX1-SW-01-05).
文摘Paddy field is an important land use in subtropical China. Development of high soil fertility and productivity is the management goal of paddy field, Fertilization and management practices have not only influenced the status of organic matter and nutrients in the soil but also affected the environmental quality. This article investigates the contents of organic carbon and the nutrients, and the change over the last 20 years in highly productive paddy soils and their environmental application. Field soils were sampled and the analytical results were compared with the corresponding values in the Second Soil Survey in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province, China. The results showed that surface soils at a depth of 0-10 cm in highly productive paddy fields in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province had contents of organic carbon （20.2 ±3.88） g kg^-1, total nitrogen （2.09±0.55） g kg^-1, and available phosphorus （42.7 ±32.7） mg kg^-1, respectively, which were all at very rich levels. Over the last 20 years, the organic carbon pool of the highly productive paddy soils reached a steady state. Total N and available P significantly increased, whereas available K changed a little. The amount and percentage of P immobilization in the surface soil （0-10 cm） of highly productive paddy fields were （142.7 ~ 41.1） mg kg-~ and （36.2~ 10.4）% of added P, and CEC （7.93 ~ 1.32） cmol kg-~. These two parameters were not higher than the mean values of paddy soils and upland red soils in the areas. Results also showed that fertilizer P in highly productive paddy soils had a high mobility and was prone to move toward a water body, which is the main source of nutrients causing eutrophication. Because of a weak K-fixing capacity, the available K content was not high in highly productive paddy soils. This suggests that attention should be paid to the K balance and the increase of soil K pool.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31130009, 41171153, and 41571251)
文摘Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-CSAL-202302 and GY2023-12-7)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Scientific Institutions, China (1610132019014)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200101 and 2018YFD0200804)。
文摘To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C(SOC) and total N(TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Huang-HuaiHai Plain during 1990–2019. The experimental treatments consisted of five fertilizer regimes: no fertilizer(control), chemical fertilizer only(NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw(NPKS), chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM), and 1.5 times the rate of NPKM(1.5NPKM). The NPK, NPKS, and NPKM treatments had equal N inputs. The crop yields were measured over the whole experimental duration. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(0–10 and 10–20 cm) and subsoil(20–40 cm) layers for assessing soil aggregates and taking SOC and TN measurements. Compared with the NPK treatment, the SOC and TN contents increased significantly in both the topsoil(24.1–44.4% for SOC and 22.8–47.7% for TN) and subsoil layers(22.0–47.9% for SOC and 19.8–41.8% for TN) for the organically amended treatments(NPKS, NPKM and 1.5NPKM) after 30 years, while no significant differences were found for the average annual crop yields over the 30 years of the experiment. The 0–10 cm layer of the NPKS treatment and the 20–40 cm layer of the NPKM treatment had significantly higher macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(19.8 and 27.0%) than the NPK treatment. However, the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers of the 1.5NPKM treatment had significantly lower macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(–19.2 and –29.1%) than the control. The analysis showed that the higher SOC and TN in the soil of organically amended treatments compared to the NPK treatment were related to the increases in SOC and TN protected in the stable fractions(i.e., free microaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates), in which the contributions of the stable fractions were 81.1–91.7% of the increase in SOC and 83.3–94.0% of the increase in TN, respectively. The relationships between average C inputs and both stable SOC and TN stocks were significantly positive with R2 values of 0.74 and 0.72(P<0.01) for the whole 40 cm soil profile, which indicates the importance of N for soil C storage. The results of our study provide key evidence that long-term combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization, while maintaining reasonable total N inputs, benefited soil C and N storage in both the topsoil and subsoil layers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071947,32071944,31871557)the Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology(YCSL202102)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu province(KYCX21_3235).
文摘Root morphology and physiology influence aboveground growth and yield formation in rice.However,root morphological and physiological differences among rice varieties with differing nitrogen(N)sensitivities and their relationship with grain yield are still unclear.In this study,rice varieties differing in N sensitivity over many years of experiments were used.A field experiment with multiple N rates(0,90,180,270,and 360 kg ha^(-1))was conducted to elucidate the effects of N application on root morphology,root physiology,and grain yield.A pot experiment with root excision and exogenous application of 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)at heading stage was used to further verify the above effects.The findings revealed that(1)under the same N application rate,N-insensitive varieties(NIV)had relatively large root biomass(root dry weight,length,and number).Grain yield was associated with root biomass in NIV.The oxidation activity and zeatin(Z)+zeatin riboside(ZR)contents in roots obviously and positively correlated with grain yield in N-sensitive varieties(NSV),and accounted for its higher grain yield than that of NIV at lower N application rates(90 and 180 kg ha^(-1)).(2)The root dry weight required for equal grain yield of NIV was greater than that of NSV.Excision of 1/10 and 1/8 of roots at heading stage had no discernible effect on the yield of Liangyoupeijiu(NIV),and it significantly reduced yield by 11.5%and 21.3%in Tianyouhuazhan(NSV),respectively,compared to the treatment without root excision.The decrease of filled kernels and grain weight after root excision was the primary cause for the yield reduction.Root excision and exogenous 6-BA application after root excision had little influence on the root activity of NIV.The oxidation activity and Z+ZR contents in roots of NSV decreased under root excision,and the increase in the proportion of excised roots aggravated these effects.The application of exogenous 6-BA increased the root activity of NSV and increased filled kernels and grain weight,thereby reducing yield loss after root excision.Thus,the root biomass of NIV was large,and there may be a phenomenon of"root growth redundancy."Vigorous root activity was an essential feature of NSV.Selecting rice varieties with high root activity or increasing root activity by cultivation measures could lead to higher grain yield under lower N application rates.
文摘Evolving From principal-subordinate structure of C /S to flexible multileveled distributed structure, i.e. B/S architecture so as to form a wide, distributed and orderly Internet/Intranet integrated management inf ormation system, is the trend of development of application software of the whol e world. Advantages and disadvantages of the two modes: C/S and B/S are compared . It is pointed out that at present onefold B/S mode cannot yet fully fullfil th e demands of some complicated data processing, information statistics and analys is, etc, therefore it still awaits further development of technology to achieve 100% Internet. In this paper, a mode of B/S-C/S-blended multileveled architect ure is discussed; the logical levels of B/S mode is studied; Furthermore, combin ing some up-to-date software developing technology, combinatorial design of di fferent database application technology based on B/S is discussed. The expatiati on is made with following points: (1) Organic combination of the network distrib uted object technology of CORBA and the computation technology among different n etwork operating system ─ Java; (2) Organic combination of two modes of ASP and Plug_in; (3) JDBC Server and JDBC Client; (4) An expanded B/S model, i.e. the c lient application of browser communicates directly with Web server, and the serv er application communicates directly with database server through middle ware.
基金supported by NSFC(Nos50963002 and 51073074)Key Projects in the National Science& Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period of China(Nos2006BAD02A04 and 2006BAD01A01)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(NosGJJ11590 and GJJ10678)
文摘The vitamin C（VC） in crops was successfully determined using ascorbate oxidase（AO） electrochemical biosensor based on the biocompatible poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）（PEDOT） matrices,which was easily prepared by one-step electrodeposition technique in ionic liquid microemulsions.The fabricated biosensor displayed excellent bioelectrocatalytic performance to the oxidation of VC,wide linear range,low detection limit,fast response time,good operational and storage stability,the good results of the determination of VC in vegetable crops indicated that the fabricated biosensor will be a good candidate for the physiological and biochemical studies of crops in near future.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China （301438）.
文摘The effect of cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene in millet plants was studied. The heterozygous populations and isogenic lines with homocaryotic alloplasmic genes were obtained by crossing and reciprocal crossing of cytoplasmic herbicide resistant plants with susceptive plants of foxtail millet. The characters of F1, F2, backcross and composite cross groups, and the growth and development of isogenic lines were compared. The cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene slowed the development of seedling, delayed heading, and shortened the milking stage in the foxtail millet plant. Yield capacity and main agronomic characters were all affected by the cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene in most of the backcross, composite cross, and F2 populations. However, there was stronger hybrid vigor in F1. The backcrosses, composite crosses, and F2 populations were widely separated and some of them had good characters similar to those of susceptive groups. The plant characters and development of foxtail millet were negatively affected by the cytoplasmic herbicide resistant gene. The authors proposed a method of using hybrid vigor to obtain high yield and avoid the negative effects of herbicide resistance cytoplasm in plant growth. The expected results could be obtained by selecting individuals in separate populations of fast developed seedlings, well-developed roots, and with capacities of early heading and fast milking. Guided by the principal mentioned above, many high yield lines and hybrid crosses of foxtail millet with herbicide resistant cytoplasm were obtained.
基金The Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment,New Zealand provided funding(contract no.C03X0902)for this research.
文摘Background:Forest management practices(e.g.choice of stand density,fertilisation)are just as important in carbon(C)forestry as in other types of forestry and will affect the level of C sequestration and profitability.Because C stored in wood is approximately proportional to the product of its volume and density,it is necessary to account for both volume growth and wood density when assessing the effects of fertilisation on C sequestration in pine forests.Methods:The effects of nitrogen(N)input from biosolids application on forest C sequestration were quantified from an intensively monitored biosolids field trial in a Pinus radiata plantation on a sandy soil in New Zealand.The field trial tested the application of three biosolids rates:Control(no application),Standard(300 kg N⋅ha^(-1) applied every three years),and High(600 kg N⋅ha^(-1) applied every three years),across three levels of stand density:300,450,and 600 stems⋅ha^(-1).Carbon sequestration was estimated using the C-Change model from annual plot measurements of stand density,stem height and diameter,and annual breast height wood densities obtained from increment cores.Results:By age 24 years,N-fertilised trees had sequestered 40 t C⋅ha^(-1) more than unfertilised trees,an increase of 18%.Fertilisation increased stem volume by 23%but reduced stem wood density by 2.5%.Most of the increased C sequestration occurred between age 6 and age 17 years and the Standard rate gave the same increase in C sequestration as the High rate.On average,there was no significant difference in growth rate between fertilised and unfertilised trees after the 17th growth year,but the increased growth ceased earlier at higher stand densities,and later at lower stand densities.Conclusions:This study indicates that 2–3 applications of the Standard rate would have been sufficient to achieve the increased C sequestration,with an applied N to C conversion ratio of 43–65 kg C⋅kg^(-1) N.Our results highlight that N fertilisation will become more widespread under greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes which en-courages forest management practices that improve C sequestration in young forests in New Zealand in particular and other countries in general.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070955)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(2022),China(No.202201020362)the High-level Hospital Construction Project,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University(No.303020104)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral application(a modified technique)of an antimetabolite mitomycin C-soaked sponge in trabeculectomy for patients with glaucoma.METHODS:This retrospective study included 101 patients(115 eyes)with glaucoma(aged 12–83y)who underwent trabeculectomy using a modified mitomycin C-soaked sponge placement method.A piece of 3.5×10 mm2 sponge was placed vertically and posteriorly with the long side perpendicular to the limbus.The mitomycin C concentration and exposure time were 0.2–0.5 mg/m L and 1–5min,respectively.Intraocular pressure,bestcorrected visual acuity,and hypotensive medications were recorded at baseline and at the final visit.Complications,interventions required,and bleb morphology were recorded postoperatively.The primary outcome was trabeculectomy safety,including complications and bleb morphology;the secondary outcome was the trabeculectomy success rate.RESULTS:At the final follow-up[median 28mo,range 7–67mo and interquartile range(IQR)13mo],the qualified(cumulative)success rate was 93.0%and the complete success rate was 60.0%.No bleb-related complications were observed.The mean height,extent,and vascularity grades were 0.6±0.9,1.1±0.4,and 2.4±0.9,respectively.All Seidel tests were negative.The mean posteriority grade was 0.8±0.4.CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with the long side of a mitomycin C-soaked sponge placed perpendicular to the corneal limbus is safe and effective.
文摘The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of organic farming aid (OFA) and inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of maize, chemical and microbial properties of soil for higher economic value. Field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at the research fields of CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute located at Nyankpala in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana. The study consisted of five treatment combinations: full rate of OFA, full rate of NPK, 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK, full OFA + 1/2 NPK and a control (no OFA and no NPK) which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant (P 0.05) treatment and year interaction effect for all the growth parameters except for plant height, leaf area and leaf area index. Apart from hundred seed weight, treatment and year interaction effect for all the yield and yield components was significant (P 0.05). Application of full rate of NPK (90:60:60) resulted in the highest grain yield of 4960 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>, however it was statistically similar to those obtained by the combined application of full rate of OFA (250 ml·ha<sup>-1</sup>) + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK with grain yield of 4856 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> and 4639 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively. There was also a yield advantage of 197. 5%, 191.3%, 178.3 and 79.1% over the control for full NPK rate, full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK rate, 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and full OFA rate respectively. Application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK enhanced soil basal respiration (evolved CO<sub>2</sub>) and mineralizable C, implying that, combination of full OFA rate and NPK fertilizer would be necessary to boost soil microbial activity and soil labile nutrient pool (labile C pool). This suggests that combined use of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK fertilizer can be a better strategic tool for improving soil quality. The highest benefit cost ratios (BCR) of 2.58 and 3.77 were obtained following the application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that complementary use of OFA and NPK is more profitable than using single inputs (either OFA or NPK). Thus, in promoting technology packages to farmers, development practitioners must carefully consider the complementary of inputs that are cost-effective but economically rewarding.
文摘C60 High Performance Concrete (HPC) was prepared by limiting cement content and adopting compositesuperplasticizer, low-alkalinity expansive agent and high-quality line mixture. The results showed that the performance of the prepared C60 HPC was excellent. By adopting some advanced construction techniques such as usingsecondary vibration and secondary face compaction, controlling temperature difference and paying special attentionto early curing in the construction process, the prepared C60 HPC had been successfully applied in the monolithicstructure of huge building.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of trabeculectomy with large area mitomycin-C(MMC) application as a first line treatment in advanced glaucoma. ·METHODS: The records of 55 patients with severe visual field defects undergoing trabeculectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified as first-line therapy to either early trabeculectomy(initial trabeculectomy-Group 1) or long term medical therapy followed by trabeculectomy(primary trabeculectomy-Group 2). Trabeculectomy was performed with large-area MMC application. Intraocular pressure(IOP) values,visual acuities,mean deviations,morphology and function of the blebs,necessity for anti-glaucomatous medications and surgical complications were reported. ·RESULTS: There were 20 eyes of 18 patients in Group 1 and 37 eyes of 37 patients in Group 2. The mean preoperative IOPs in Groups 1 and 2 were 40.2±10.0mmHg(27-68mmHg) and 29.0±4.4mmHg(21-41mmHg),respectively(P=0.001). Average preoperative mean deviations(MD) in Groups 1 and 2 were 17.4±2.8dB(13.3-23dB) and 17.9± 2.4dB(13.7-23.2dB),respectively(P=0.441). Postoperative IOPs significantly decreased and were comparable in both Groups. The mean number of medications was significantly higher in Group 2(P =0.005). No cystic bleb formation was observed in Group 1,whereas 4 patients from Group 2(10.8%) developed cystic bleb(P =0.040). No visually devastating complication has occurred in both Groups. ·CONCLUSION: Initial trabeculectomy with large areaMMC application might be applied in patients with advanced glaucoma with low complication rates. Long-term topically applied anti-glaucomatous medications seem to increase the risk of cystic bleb formation.
文摘Eleven nutrition elements and 5 quality elements of garlic(Allium sativum L.)in different Se,S level and their interaction pot experiments were analyzed by atom absorbing spectrophotometer,titration and fixing sulfur method.The mineral elements were analyzed by the Principal Component Analysis and the Factor Analysis on the SPSS 10.0 and three main factors were picked.The results showed that Se,S and Se-S cooperated application enhanced the garlic nutrition quality by increasing mineral nutrition.The garlic Vc was the highest after using higher Se compared middle S level(S 20 mg/kg soil+Se 40 mg/kg soil).Lower Se level compared middle S level(S 40 mg/kg soil+Se 20 mg/kg soil)get the highest garlic abio-Se in all treatments.The garlic organic Se content was the highest after using higher Se compared middle S(S 40 mg/kg soil+Se 40 mg/kg soil).The treatment lower S compared lower Se level get the highest garlic allicin in all treatment.It showed that the fresh eating factor was affected by the element Se.The flavor factor and health care factor were affected by both Se and S.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100305,2016YFD0101900)。
文摘Brassica napus L(rapeseed)is one of the most important oil crops with large cultivated area in China.Seed size and seed weight play crucial roles for yield and harvest.In this study,a type of 15 bp-deletion in BnaGRF7.CO2 coding region was identified through sequence alignment of BnaGRF7.C02 in 42 rapeseed varieties,and associ-ation analysis indicated that the 15 bp-deletion was related to the rapeseed Thousand-Seed Weight(TSW)phenotype.Furthermore,we developed two InDel markers to identify this 15 bp InDel.The tissue-specific expression patterns showed that BnaGRF7.C02 prominently expressed in the late stage of seed development.These findings may assist in InDel markers-based breeding efforts to select higher TWS varieties and improve the crop yield of B.nqpus.
文摘The C-L method was generalized from Liapunov-Schmidt reduction method, combined with theory of singularities, for study of non-autonomous dynamical systems to obtain the typical bifurcating response curves in the system parameter spaces. This method has been used, ar an example, to analyze the engineering nonlinear dynamical problems by obtaining the bifurcation programs and response curves which are useful in developing techniques of control to subharmonic instability of large rotating machinery.
基金Sponsored by National Program for University Students’Innovation and Pioneering Training(201210285046)
文摘G.rigens L.as a new quality ground cover plant can be applied in parks,yards,roadsides and tree pools,and contributes to the beauty of urban landscapes.This paper introduces biological characters and adaptability of‘Mini Star White’,a new variety of G.rigens L.introduced from Japan,and studied the color improvement of the variety on the basis of applying it in various landscape forms,which enriches ground cover diversity of Suzhou area,and provides new materials for the hybridization of G.rigens L..
