BACKGROUND Death anxiety(DA)is a prevalent psychological challenge among oncology nurses that affects their emotional well-being and professional competence in coping with death-related situations.Death-related attitu...BACKGROUND Death anxiety(DA)is a prevalent psychological challenge among oncology nurses that affects their emotional well-being and professional competence in coping with death-related situations.Death-related attitudes and resilience are critical factors that may mediate the relationship between DA and coping with death competence(CDC).However,few studies have examined the chain-mediating effect of these factors among Chinese oncology nurses.This study aimed to investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses,with a focus on the mediating roles of death attitude and resilience.AIM To investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.using an electronic questionnaire distributed in Wenjuanxing,China.In total,615 valid responses were obtained.The participants completed the Templer death anxiety scale,death attitude profile-revised,Connor-Davidson resilience scale,and coping with death scale.A chain mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to examine the relationships between these variables.RESULTS The findings indicated that DA had a significant direct effect on CDC[effect=0.201,95%confidence interval(CI):0.112-0.322].In addition to this direct effect,three significant indirect pathways were observed:(1)Death attitude(effect=0.118,95%CI:0.056-0.163);(2)Resilience(effect=0.108,95%CI:0.032-0.176);and(3)A sequential mediation pathway involving both death attitude and resilience(effect=0.071,95%CI:0.042-0.123).The total indirect effects of the three mediation paths accounted for 29.7%of the relationship between DA and CDC.CONCLUSION Using a chain mediation model,this study explored the mechanisms linking DA,death attitude,resilience,and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.These findings highlighted the crucial role of death attitude and resilience in mediating the relationship between DA and CDC.Interventions aimed at fostering adaptive attitudes toward death and enhancing resilience may improve nurses’ability to cope with death-related stressors,ultimately benefiting their psychological well-being and professional competence.展开更多
Against the backdrop of globalization and deepening international cooperation,countries are putting forward higher demands on the global competence of talents.In this context,college English teaching,as an important p...Against the backdrop of globalization and deepening international cooperation,countries are putting forward higher demands on the global competence of talents.In this context,college English teaching,as an important part of the higher education system,faces the challenge of cultivating globally competent talents.This study analyzes the core components of global competence through literature review,analyzes the deficiencies in existing college English teaching,and aims to explore and construct a college English teaching model that is compatible with the global competence framework.This study explores how to integrate global competency development into college English teaching from three aspects:curriculum content,teaching methodology,and assessment system.We expect that the proposed teaching model can effectively improve students’English application skills,intercultural communication skills,and critical thinking skills,so as to better meet the demand for global competence in the context of globalization.展开更多
Integrating local cultural resources into language teaching is a significant trend in fostering students’core competencies.This study addresses the challenge of effectively implementing China’s educational policy of...Integrating local cultural resources into language teaching is a significant trend in fostering students’core competencies.This study addresses the challenge of effectively implementing China’s educational policy of“Core Competencies for English as a Subject”in middle school classrooms by leveraging the unique revolutionary(“Red”)culture of Tangshan City.The research developed and tested a pedagogical model that utilizes Tangshan’s rich Red Culture heritage-such as the Kailuan Miners’Movement and the Xifengkou Great Wall Resistance relics-as authentic content for English language learning.Employing a mixed-methods approach,including literature review,fieldwork,action research,and case analysis in partner middle schools,the project involved designing thematic teaching resources(e.g.,lesson plans,micro-lectures)and implementing interactive activities like role-playing and project-based learning.Findings indicate that this localized approach significantly enhanced students’engagement,cultural awareness,critical thinking,and language application skills,effectively addressing the four dimensions of English core competencies:language ability,cultural awareness,thinking capacity,and learning ability.The study concludes that the“Local Culture-Integrated Core Competency Model”provides a practical,replicable framework for synergizing values education with language acquisition.It offers valuable insights for educators worldwide seeking to incorporate local history and values into foreign language curricula,promoting deeper contextual learning.展开更多
Since the theory of communicative competence was put forward by Canale and Swain,there have been teaching professionals developing it to different models,three of which are reviewed in this essay.
Objective: To analyze the impact of the healthcare roundtable model on the major disease perceptions and competencies of cardiovascular nursing staff. Methods: Forty female nursing staff working in the hospital from A...Objective: To analyze the impact of the healthcare roundtable model on the major disease perceptions and competencies of cardiovascular nursing staff. Methods: Forty female nursing staff working in the hospital from April to June 2023 were selected and were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 20 in each group. For 60 days, the control group used the conventional learning and communication model and the observation group used the medical and nursing roundtable model. The cognitive scores of cardiovascular disease-related knowledge, competency scores, and satisfaction with the learning and communication model before and after the implementation of the model in both groups were compared. Results: After the implementation, the cognitive scores related to cardiovascular disease-related knowledge, competency scores, and satisfaction with the learning and communication model in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The healthcare roundtable model improved the knowledge and competence of cardiovascular internal medicine nursing staff in major diseases, and it is worth popularizing.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the competency model for nursing managers in the training of newly appointed head nurses.Methods:Eighteen newly appointed head nurses from Yichang Central People’s Hospital,s...Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the competency model for nursing managers in the training of newly appointed head nurses.Methods:Eighteen newly appointed head nurses from Yichang Central People’s Hospital,selected between August 2023 and July 2024,were chosen as the research subjects.Based on the nursing manager competency model,corresponding training programs were developed,and these 18 head nurses were trained accordingly.Results:After the training,all newly appointed head nurses passed the theoretical assessments,with a pass rate of 100.00%.The pass rates for two rounds of assessment were 100.00%and 94.54%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the performance evaluation scores between new and senior head nurses in terms of standardized services,nursing quality,nursing research and teaching,and patient satisfaction(P>0.05).Conclusion:The competency model for nursing managers has a significant effect on the training of newly appointed head nurses.It effectively enhances management awareness,facilitates role transition,and,to some extent,improves the management and leadership capabilities of head nurses.It holds high value for broader implementation.展开更多
The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Anal...The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Analysis results revealed street interviews help students acquire knowledge in intercultural attitudes,intercultural knowledge,skills of discovery and interaction,and critical cultural awareness,aligning with the four components of Byram’s ICC model.Meanwhile,they have positive perceptions of street interviews.Therefore,street interviews have a positive effect on the development of participants’ICC.展开更多
AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met ...AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.展开更多
On the basis of the dyeing and weaving corporations’ characters,this paper put forward the dimensionality and index system to analyze the core competence. This paper divided the core competence into three layers and ...On the basis of the dyeing and weaving corporations’ characters,this paper put forward the dimensionality and index system to analyze the core competence. This paper divided the core competence into three layers and gave out the Dimensional-Hierarchical structure of core competence through combining the analysis dimensionalities with the competence layers. The model was described to evaluate,analyze and judge the dyeing and weaving corporation’s competence.展开更多
Based on the competency model building theory, a literature review, a behavioral event interview and statistical analysis were used in this study to build a competency model for pharmacists in China. The competency mo...Based on the competency model building theory, a literature review, a behavioral event interview and statistical analysis were used in this study to build a competency model for pharmacists in China. The competency model framework for pharmacists included five dimensions of characteristics, consisting of 25 competency elements of pharmacists, such as the general competency elements that all pharmacists should possess and outstanding competency elements that community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists should possess. This newly constructed competency model for pharmacists helped develop and cultivate the abilities of future Chinese pharmacists.展开更多
Grammar-translation teaching method(GTTM as a shorthand below) has long been a buzzword when it is adopted in the class of English as a foreign language.It has been universally acknowledged that such teaching method c...Grammar-translation teaching method(GTTM as a shorthand below) has long been a buzzword when it is adopted in the class of English as a foreign language.It has been universally acknowledged that such teaching method contradicts the development of communicative language competence advocated in recent decades.However,I positively argue that GTTM in English class,as a comparative and intercultural model,should be given a due reconsideration to improve L2 learners' pragmatic competence.展开更多
English language learners' pragmatic competence is related to their success incross-cultural communication. Cognitive approaches, mainly the Noticing Hypothesis and Analysis/Control Model, have provided some insig...English language learners' pragmatic competence is related to their success incross-cultural communication. Cognitive approaches, mainly the Noticing Hypothesis and Analysis/Control Model, have provided some insights into the question of how to effectively develop second language(L2) learners' pragmatic competence. Empirical studies based on cognitive theoretical constructs suggest that pragmatic activitiesthat draw learners' attention and help them control attention to relevant and appropriate information and integrate those forms in real time of communication contribute to the development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.展开更多
This paper presents a new perspective on the nature of destination competition in spatial interaction models. The concept of destinations competing with one another on the basis of their spatial proximity to each othe...This paper presents a new perspective on the nature of destination competition in spatial interaction models. The concept of destinations competing with one another on the basis of their spatial proximity to each other is compared with an alternative point of view which argues that competition takes place on the basis of similarities in the spatial influences of competing destinations on decision makers at origins. Potential movers at an origin are facing a set of destinations which compete for their attention. This paper argues that the movers' choices are conditioned by the relative size and number of influences they see (where influence is directly proportional to destination size and inversely proportional to distance). A small amount of supporting empirical evidence concerning recreational day trips, and population migration, is presented.展开更多
The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which...The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which can improve the objectivity,reliability,authenticity and fairness of enterprise human resource management,give full play to the promotion of human resource management to the development of enterprise operations,and help enterprises achieve development and manage-ment goals.展开更多
Vocabulary knowledge is an important component of the writing skill and it has many dimensions, such as size, depth, and productive, in interaction with writing skill. To evaluate this relation and determine which dim...Vocabulary knowledge is an important component of the writing skill and it has many dimensions, such as size, depth, and productive, in interaction with writing skill. To evaluate this relation and determine which dimension is the most effective for second language writing quality, the present study was conducted. Turkish EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ lexical competence and writing abilities were examined through their vocabulary profiles and academic essays. The results of each vocabulary measure indicated that the participants had a limited vocabulary size, containing words mostly from 2,000 to 3,000 frequency bands and thus, the productive vocabulary knowledge of the participants mostly consisted of lk ＋ 2k words and the use of academic words in their essays was very low. The results of the study revealed that the lexical competence covering the main components of vocabulary knowledge was a good predictor of the students＇ quality of writing performance.展开更多
基金Supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2025JJ80410.
文摘BACKGROUND Death anxiety(DA)is a prevalent psychological challenge among oncology nurses that affects their emotional well-being and professional competence in coping with death-related situations.Death-related attitudes and resilience are critical factors that may mediate the relationship between DA and coping with death competence(CDC).However,few studies have examined the chain-mediating effect of these factors among Chinese oncology nurses.This study aimed to investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses,with a focus on the mediating roles of death attitude and resilience.AIM To investigate the association between DA and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.using an electronic questionnaire distributed in Wenjuanxing,China.In total,615 valid responses were obtained.The participants completed the Templer death anxiety scale,death attitude profile-revised,Connor-Davidson resilience scale,and coping with death scale.A chain mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to examine the relationships between these variables.RESULTS The findings indicated that DA had a significant direct effect on CDC[effect=0.201,95%confidence interval(CI):0.112-0.322].In addition to this direct effect,three significant indirect pathways were observed:(1)Death attitude(effect=0.118,95%CI:0.056-0.163);(2)Resilience(effect=0.108,95%CI:0.032-0.176);and(3)A sequential mediation pathway involving both death attitude and resilience(effect=0.071,95%CI:0.042-0.123).The total indirect effects of the three mediation paths accounted for 29.7%of the relationship between DA and CDC.CONCLUSION Using a chain mediation model,this study explored the mechanisms linking DA,death attitude,resilience,and CDC among Chinese oncology nurses.These findings highlighted the crucial role of death attitude and resilience in mediating the relationship between DA and CDC.Interventions aimed at fostering adaptive attitudes toward death and enhancing resilience may improve nurses’ability to cope with death-related stressors,ultimately benefiting their psychological well-being and professional competence.
基金sponsored by Department of Education of Hubei Province,in the name of“Key Project of Hubei Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on the Construction and Practice of a New Ecology of English Intelligent Education Empowered by Digital-Intelligence Integration”(Grant Fund No.2023GA017).
文摘Against the backdrop of globalization and deepening international cooperation,countries are putting forward higher demands on the global competence of talents.In this context,college English teaching,as an important part of the higher education system,faces the challenge of cultivating globally competent talents.This study analyzes the core components of global competence through literature review,analyzes the deficiencies in existing college English teaching,and aims to explore and construct a college English teaching model that is compatible with the global competence framework.This study explores how to integrate global competency development into college English teaching from three aspects:curriculum content,teaching methodology,and assessment system.We expect that the proposed teaching model can effectively improve students’English application skills,intercultural communication skills,and critical thinking skills,so as to better meet the demand for global competence in the context of globalization.
基金2025 Tangshan Normal University School-level Scientific Research Project“Cultivating Core Competencies in English through Local Red Culture:A Tangshan-Based Pedagogical Model for Middle School Students”(20251123037)2025 Tangshan Social Science Development Research Project“A Study on Integrating Chinese Traditional Culture Education into Junior High School English Classes in Tangshan City”(TSSKL2025-155)。
文摘Integrating local cultural resources into language teaching is a significant trend in fostering students’core competencies.This study addresses the challenge of effectively implementing China’s educational policy of“Core Competencies for English as a Subject”in middle school classrooms by leveraging the unique revolutionary(“Red”)culture of Tangshan City.The research developed and tested a pedagogical model that utilizes Tangshan’s rich Red Culture heritage-such as the Kailuan Miners’Movement and the Xifengkou Great Wall Resistance relics-as authentic content for English language learning.Employing a mixed-methods approach,including literature review,fieldwork,action research,and case analysis in partner middle schools,the project involved designing thematic teaching resources(e.g.,lesson plans,micro-lectures)and implementing interactive activities like role-playing and project-based learning.Findings indicate that this localized approach significantly enhanced students’engagement,cultural awareness,critical thinking,and language application skills,effectively addressing the four dimensions of English core competencies:language ability,cultural awareness,thinking capacity,and learning ability.The study concludes that the“Local Culture-Integrated Core Competency Model”provides a practical,replicable framework for synergizing values education with language acquisition.It offers valuable insights for educators worldwide seeking to incorporate local history and values into foreign language curricula,promoting deeper contextual learning.
文摘Since the theory of communicative competence was put forward by Canale and Swain,there have been teaching professionals developing it to different models,three of which are reviewed in this essay.
文摘Objective: To analyze the impact of the healthcare roundtable model on the major disease perceptions and competencies of cardiovascular nursing staff. Methods: Forty female nursing staff working in the hospital from April to June 2023 were selected and were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 20 in each group. For 60 days, the control group used the conventional learning and communication model and the observation group used the medical and nursing roundtable model. The cognitive scores of cardiovascular disease-related knowledge, competency scores, and satisfaction with the learning and communication model before and after the implementation of the model in both groups were compared. Results: After the implementation, the cognitive scores related to cardiovascular disease-related knowledge, competency scores, and satisfaction with the learning and communication model in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The healthcare roundtable model improved the knowledge and competence of cardiovascular internal medicine nursing staff in major diseases, and it is worth popularizing.
文摘Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the competency model for nursing managers in the training of newly appointed head nurses.Methods:Eighteen newly appointed head nurses from Yichang Central People’s Hospital,selected between August 2023 and July 2024,were chosen as the research subjects.Based on the nursing manager competency model,corresponding training programs were developed,and these 18 head nurses were trained accordingly.Results:After the training,all newly appointed head nurses passed the theoretical assessments,with a pass rate of 100.00%.The pass rates for two rounds of assessment were 100.00%and 94.54%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the performance evaluation scores between new and senior head nurses in terms of standardized services,nursing quality,nursing research and teaching,and patient satisfaction(P>0.05).Conclusion:The competency model for nursing managers has a significant effect on the training of newly appointed head nurses.It effectively enhances management awareness,facilitates role transition,and,to some extent,improves the management and leadership capabilities of head nurses.It holds high value for broader implementation.
文摘The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Analysis results revealed street interviews help students acquire knowledge in intercultural attitudes,intercultural knowledge,skills of discovery and interaction,and critical cultural awareness,aligning with the four components of Byram’s ICC model.Meanwhile,they have positive perceptions of street interviews.Therefore,street interviews have a positive effect on the development of participants’ICC.
文摘AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.
文摘On the basis of the dyeing and weaving corporations’ characters,this paper put forward the dimensionality and index system to analyze the core competence. This paper divided the core competence into three layers and gave out the Dimensional-Hierarchical structure of core competence through combining the analysis dimensionalities with the competence layers. The model was described to evaluate,analyze and judge the dyeing and weaving corporation’s competence.
文摘Based on the competency model building theory, a literature review, a behavioral event interview and statistical analysis were used in this study to build a competency model for pharmacists in China. The competency model framework for pharmacists included five dimensions of characteristics, consisting of 25 competency elements of pharmacists, such as the general competency elements that all pharmacists should possess and outstanding competency elements that community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists should possess. This newly constructed competency model for pharmacists helped develop and cultivate the abilities of future Chinese pharmacists.
文摘Grammar-translation teaching method(GTTM as a shorthand below) has long been a buzzword when it is adopted in the class of English as a foreign language.It has been universally acknowledged that such teaching method contradicts the development of communicative language competence advocated in recent decades.However,I positively argue that GTTM in English class,as a comparative and intercultural model,should be given a due reconsideration to improve L2 learners' pragmatic competence.
文摘English language learners' pragmatic competence is related to their success incross-cultural communication. Cognitive approaches, mainly the Noticing Hypothesis and Analysis/Control Model, have provided some insights into the question of how to effectively develop second language(L2) learners' pragmatic competence. Empirical studies based on cognitive theoretical constructs suggest that pragmatic activitiesthat draw learners' attention and help them control attention to relevant and appropriate information and integrate those forms in real time of communication contribute to the development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.
文摘This paper presents a new perspective on the nature of destination competition in spatial interaction models. The concept of destinations competing with one another on the basis of their spatial proximity to each other is compared with an alternative point of view which argues that competition takes place on the basis of similarities in the spatial influences of competing destinations on decision makers at origins. Potential movers at an origin are facing a set of destinations which compete for their attention. This paper argues that the movers' choices are conditioned by the relative size and number of influences they see (where influence is directly proportional to destination size and inversely proportional to distance). A small amount of supporting empirical evidence concerning recreational day trips, and population migration, is presented.
文摘The competency model is a widely-used human resource management tool that can be applied to human resource management in different regions,different fields,different enterprises,and positions of different nature,which can improve the objectivity,reliability,authenticity and fairness of enterprise human resource management,give full play to the promotion of human resource management to the development of enterprise operations,and help enterprises achieve development and manage-ment goals.
文摘Vocabulary knowledge is an important component of the writing skill and it has many dimensions, such as size, depth, and productive, in interaction with writing skill. To evaluate this relation and determine which dimension is the most effective for second language writing quality, the present study was conducted. Turkish EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners＇ lexical competence and writing abilities were examined through their vocabulary profiles and academic essays. The results of each vocabulary measure indicated that the participants had a limited vocabulary size, containing words mostly from 2,000 to 3,000 frequency bands and thus, the productive vocabulary knowledge of the participants mostly consisted of lk ＋ 2k words and the use of academic words in their essays was very low. The results of the study revealed that the lexical competence covering the main components of vocabulary knowledge was a good predictor of the students＇ quality of writing performance.
