This paper aims to contribute to the development of spatial criteria for adaptive capacity,which is identified as one important factor for the transition towards more circular housing design.The paper focuses on the k...This paper aims to contribute to the development of spatial criteria for adaptive capacity,which is identified as one important factor for the transition towards more circular housing design.The paper focuses on the kitchen,as an important function of the home which is connected to large resource flows and is exposed to frequent renovations and replacements.This paper identifies spatial characteristics of the kitchen and evaluates their potential to accommodate circular solutions focusing on adaptive capacity.As a first step,previous literature on the spatial characteristics of kitchens and indicators that support adaptability is reviewed.These are then used to develop an analytical framework to assess the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of 3624 kitchens in contemporary Swedish apartments.A qualitative approach in combination with quantitative methods is employed to analyse the selected sample.The main contributions of this paper include its spatial analytical framework,its descriptive presentation of contemporary kitchen and apartment designs,and its adaptive capacity assessment of the studied kitchens.The results point out that although the overcapacity of the floor area of kitchens and apartments can have significance for adaptability,it is not the only determinative spatial characteristics.The windows’location and distribution,the number of door openings and traffic zones,the shafts’location and accessibility from multiple rooms,the room typology and the kitchen typology can improve the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of kitchens and dwellings.The findings show that in contemporary floorplans advantageous design solutions connected to the identified spatial characteristics are not applied in a systematic way.Further research is necessary to define the exact measures of the individual spatial characteristics and their combined application in multiresidential floorplan design.展开更多
This case study focuses on the sustainable design of a demonstration kitchen space within a multifamily residence through a student lens.A project-based learning opportunity for undergraduate students in a senior-leve...This case study focuses on the sustainable design of a demonstration kitchen space within a multifamily residence through a student lens.A project-based learning opportunity for undergraduate students in a senior-level kitchen and bath design studio was created to redesign a multifamily starter kitchen space into a multifamily sustainable kitchen space within the Center for Real Life Kitchen Design at Virginia Tech.Upon completion of this student project,a content analysis was employed to uncover sustainability themes within these student projects.As students are making the environment and sustainability priorities in their shopping choices,uncovering student themes regarding multifamily sustainability kitchen design criteria can uncover trends important to this millennial generation(The Nielsen Company,2015;Timm,2014).Furthermore,as demand for sustainability increases,comparing student themes to multifamily industry sustainability certification systems may unearth potential gaps in the industry which need to be addressed.Although there are several sustainability certification agencies that apply to multifamily in general,there is no one specific source for sustainability guidelines for kitchens,much less in multifamily units.This lack of guidelines and the inconsistency between existing certification programs make it confusing for consumers,developers,designers,and students to value and weigh elements of a sustainable kitchen project,especially with respect to multifamily housing.By examining kitchens using current sustainability certification programs as well as this case study,recommendations can be put forth to shape guidelines for sustainable multifamily kitchens that are both clearly understood and sensitive to the environment.Ultimately,this could lead to sustainable kitchen design features becoming more commonplace in the multifamily resident home.展开更多
This paper is part of a research project that analyses trends in housing architecture over the past 100 years. The research aims toshow how changing norms and new forms of everyday life have altered our views on housi...This paper is part of a research project that analyses trends in housing architecture over the past 100 years. The research aims toshow how changing norms and new forms of everyday life have altered our views on housing and have led to fundamental changes in housing architecture. In this paper the analysis focuses particularly on the kitchen. A hundred years ago tile kitchen of the bourgeoisie and the middleclass was only used by servants and other employees. Accordingly, the design of the kitchen was not a task for architects at all. However, during the 20th century the kitchen became an important architectural focal point. In the early part of the century architects considered it a practical workspaceto beimproved through rational analysis. Later on the kitchen was seen as a space with great social qualities, and the informal character of the kitchen was developed and exported to the rest of the dwelling. Today the kitchen has become the central space in many dwellings, but as the dwelling is increasingly being rendered representative value, modem kitchens are designed with emphasis on their aesthetic appearance. They are ＂life-style kitchens＂, which demonstrate the ＂good taste＂ of the residents and reflect their personalities.展开更多
基金The final revision of this paper was Garried out within the Gircular Kitchen 2.0 project founded by Vastra Gotalandsregionen(project number:20232029)and Formas-A Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development(project number:202102454).
文摘This paper aims to contribute to the development of spatial criteria for adaptive capacity,which is identified as one important factor for the transition towards more circular housing design.The paper focuses on the kitchen,as an important function of the home which is connected to large resource flows and is exposed to frequent renovations and replacements.This paper identifies spatial characteristics of the kitchen and evaluates their potential to accommodate circular solutions focusing on adaptive capacity.As a first step,previous literature on the spatial characteristics of kitchens and indicators that support adaptability is reviewed.These are then used to develop an analytical framework to assess the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of 3624 kitchens in contemporary Swedish apartments.A qualitative approach in combination with quantitative methods is employed to analyse the selected sample.The main contributions of this paper include its spatial analytical framework,its descriptive presentation of contemporary kitchen and apartment designs,and its adaptive capacity assessment of the studied kitchens.The results point out that although the overcapacity of the floor area of kitchens and apartments can have significance for adaptability,it is not the only determinative spatial characteristics.The windows’location and distribution,the number of door openings and traffic zones,the shafts’location and accessibility from multiple rooms,the room typology and the kitchen typology can improve the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of kitchens and dwellings.The findings show that in contemporary floorplans advantageous design solutions connected to the identified spatial characteristics are not applied in a systematic way.Further research is necessary to define the exact measures of the individual spatial characteristics and their combined application in multiresidential floorplan design.
文摘This case study focuses on the sustainable design of a demonstration kitchen space within a multifamily residence through a student lens.A project-based learning opportunity for undergraduate students in a senior-level kitchen and bath design studio was created to redesign a multifamily starter kitchen space into a multifamily sustainable kitchen space within the Center for Real Life Kitchen Design at Virginia Tech.Upon completion of this student project,a content analysis was employed to uncover sustainability themes within these student projects.As students are making the environment and sustainability priorities in their shopping choices,uncovering student themes regarding multifamily sustainability kitchen design criteria can uncover trends important to this millennial generation(The Nielsen Company,2015;Timm,2014).Furthermore,as demand for sustainability increases,comparing student themes to multifamily industry sustainability certification systems may unearth potential gaps in the industry which need to be addressed.Although there are several sustainability certification agencies that apply to multifamily in general,there is no one specific source for sustainability guidelines for kitchens,much less in multifamily units.This lack of guidelines and the inconsistency between existing certification programs make it confusing for consumers,developers,designers,and students to value and weigh elements of a sustainable kitchen project,especially with respect to multifamily housing.By examining kitchens using current sustainability certification programs as well as this case study,recommendations can be put forth to shape guidelines for sustainable multifamily kitchens that are both clearly understood and sensitive to the environment.Ultimately,this could lead to sustainable kitchen design features becoming more commonplace in the multifamily resident home.
文摘This paper is part of a research project that analyses trends in housing architecture over the past 100 years. The research aims toshow how changing norms and new forms of everyday life have altered our views on housing and have led to fundamental changes in housing architecture. In this paper the analysis focuses particularly on the kitchen. A hundred years ago tile kitchen of the bourgeoisie and the middleclass was only used by servants and other employees. Accordingly, the design of the kitchen was not a task for architects at all. However, during the 20th century the kitchen became an important architectural focal point. In the early part of the century architects considered it a practical workspaceto beimproved through rational analysis. Later on the kitchen was seen as a space with great social qualities, and the informal character of the kitchen was developed and exported to the rest of the dwelling. Today the kitchen has become the central space in many dwellings, but as the dwelling is increasingly being rendered representative value, modem kitchens are designed with emphasis on their aesthetic appearance. They are ＂life-style kitchens＂, which demonstrate the ＂good taste＂ of the residents and reflect their personalities.
