With the deepening cultural and economic ties between China and Italy,Chinese language education in Italy has been at the forefront of Europe,and significant progress has been made in localized teaching in Italy.Howev...With the deepening cultural and economic ties between China and Italy,Chinese language education in Italy has been at the forefront of Europe,and significant progress has been made in localized teaching in Italy.However,the current“Chinese language craze”in Italy seems to have cooled down,and the demand for Italians to learn Chinese has stabilized or even declined.This phenomenon involves multiple factors.From the perspective of cross-cultural perspective,this paper analyzes the current development status of Chinese language education in Italy,as well as the practical problems existing in various aspects such as teachers,textbooks,and curriculum settings.It explores the key factors for the better development of Chinese language education in Italy and provides suggestions on how to solve the current problems,aiming to promote the sound development of Chinese language education in Italy.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)model in rats. METHODS:TNBS was administered to rats at the following c...AIM:To investigate the key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)model in rats. METHODS:TNBS was administered to rats at the following conditions:(1)with different doses(20,10,5 mg/0.8 mL per rat);(2)with same dose in different concentrations(20 mg/rat,25,50 mg/mL);(3)in different ethanol percentage(25%,50%);and(4)at depth either 4 cm or 8 cm from anus.At 5 d and 4 wk after TNBS administration,inflammation severity and inflammation resolution were evaluated.At 4 and 8 wk after TNBS application,visceral hyperalgesia and enterochromaffin(EC)cell hyperplasia were assayed by abdominal withdrawal reflex test,silver staining and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS:Our results showed that:(1)TNBS induced dose-dependent acute inflammation and inflammation resolution.At 5 d post TNBS,the pathological score and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in all TNBS treated rats were significantly elevated compared to that of the control(9.48±1.86,8.18±0.67,5.78± 0.77 vs 0,and 3.55±1.11,1.80±0.82,0.97±0.08 unit/mg vs 0.14±0.01 unit/mg,P<0.05).At 4 wk post TNBS,the pathological score in high and median dose TNBS-treated rats were still significantly higher than that of the control(1.52±0.38 and 0.80±0.35 vs 0,P<0.05);(2)Intracolonic TNBS administration position affected the persistence of visceral hyperalgesia.At 4 wk post TNBS,abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR)threshold pressure in all TNBS-treated groups were decreased compared to that of the control(21.52 ±1.73 and 27.10±1.94 mmHg vs 34.44±1.89 mmHg,P<0.05).At 8 wk post TNBS,AWR threshold pressure in 8 cm administration group was still significantly decreased(23.33±1.33 mmHg vs 36.79±2.29 mmHg,P<0.05);(3)Ethanol percentage affected the TNBS-induced inflammation severity and visceral hyperalgesia.In TNBS-25%ethanol-treated group,the pathological score and MPO activity were significantly lowered compared to that of the TNBS-50%ethanoltreated group,while AWR threshold pressure were significantly elevated(36.33±0.61 mmHg vs 23.33±1.33 mmHg,P<0.05);and(4)TNBS(5 mg/0.8 mL per rat, in 50%ethanol,8 cm from anus)-treated rats recovered completely from the inflammation with acquired visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia at 4 wk after TNBS administration.CONCLUSION:TNBS dosage,concentration,intraco-lonic administration position,and ethanol percentage play important roles in developing visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia of TNBS-induced PI-IBS rats.展开更多
In order to ascertain the key factors affecting the lifetime of the triple grids in the LIPS-300 ion thruster,the thermal deformation,upstream ion density and component lifetime of the grids are simulated with finite ...In order to ascertain the key factors affecting the lifetime of the triple grids in the LIPS-300 ion thruster,the thermal deformation,upstream ion density and component lifetime of the grids are simulated with finite element analysis,fluid simulation and charged-particle tracing simulation methods on the basis of a 1500 h short lifetime test.The key factor affecting the lifetime of the triple grids in the LIPS-300 ion thruster is obtained and analyzed through the test results.The results show that ion sputtering erosion of the grids in 5 kW operation mode is greater than in the case of 3 kW.In 5 kW mode,the decelerator grid shows the most serious corrosion,the accelerator grid shows moderate corrosion,and the screen grid shows the least amount of corrosion.With the serious corrosion of the grids in 5 kW operation mode,the intercept current of the acceleration and deceleration grids increases substantially.Meanwhile,the cold gap between the accelerator grid and the screen grid decreases from 1 mm to 0.7 mm,while the cold gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases from 1 mm to 1.25 mm after 1500 h of thruster operation.At equilibrium temperature with 5 k W power,the finite element method（FEM）simulation results show that the hot gap between the screen grid and the accelerator grid reduces to 0.2 mm.Accordingly,the hot gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases to 1.5 mm.According to the fluid method,the plasma density simulated in most regions of the discharge chamber is 1?×?10;-8?×?10;m;.The upstream plasma density of the screen grid is in the range 6?×?10;-6?×?10;m;and displays a parabolic characteristic.The charged particle tracing simulation method results show that the ion beam current without the thermal deformation of triple grids has optimal perveance status.The ion sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole and the decelerator hole are 5.5?×?10;kg s;and 4.28?×?10;kg s;,respectively,while after the thermal deformation of the triple grids,the ion beam current has over-perveance status.The ion sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole and the decelerator hole are 1.41?×?10;kg s;and 4.1?×?10;kg s;,respectively.The anode current is a key factor for the triple grid lifetime in situations where the structural strength of the grids does not change with temperature variation.The average sputtering rates of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid,which were measured during the 1500 h lifetime test in5 k W operating conditions,are 2.2?×?10;kg s;and 7.3?×?10;kg s;,respectively.These results are in accordance with the simulation,and the error comes mainly from the calculation distribution of the upstream plasma density of the grids.展开更多
[ Objective] In order to study the production key factors of microbial fermented feed and the composition variation during fermentation. [ Methods ] Water, temperature, energy and protein were selected to study the ef...[ Objective] In order to study the production key factors of microbial fermented feed and the composition variation during fermentation. [ Methods ] Water, temperature, energy and protein were selected to study the effects on microbial fermented feed. And the fermentation conditions were optimized. Changes on nutrient composition during fermentation were determined and analyzed. [ Result ] Test results showed that feed formula with high sugar content, low protein, 34% - 36% water content, high fermentation temperature was more conducive to the production and actual production needs of fermentation strains. During the fermentation, strains showed interactions, test tended to be completed at the 144^th h after the fermentation, and number of lactic acid bacteria reached the peak of 1.86×10^9 strain/g, contents of lactic acid could even reach 0.89%. As time prolonged, contents of total energy, fiber and isothiocyanate gradually reduced, while contents of water and protein increased slightly. Contents of vitamin were stable, which in an order of VB〉 VE 〉 Vx 〉 VA 〉 VD. Composition of amino acids showed an better change, contents of glutamic acid and proline decreased slowly, while contents of glycine and phenylalanine increased slowly. [ Conclusion] High quality microbial fermentation feed could improve the palatability and safety of feed and keep the intestinal balance of livestock and poultry, which had broad application prospect.展开更多
Cold orbital forging is an advanced spur bevel gear forming technology. Generally, the spur bevel gear in the cold orbital forging process is formed by two steps: the preforming step and the final step. Due to the gre...Cold orbital forging is an advanced spur bevel gear forming technology. Generally, the spur bevel gear in the cold orbital forging process is formed by two steps: the preforming step and the final step. Due to the great importance of the final step to gear forming and its complication with interactive factors, this work aims at examining the influence of key factors on the final step in cold orbital forging of a spur bevel gear. Using the finite element(FE) method and control variate method, the influence rules of four key factors, rotation velocity of the upper tool, n, feeding velocity of the lower tool, v, tilted angle of the upper tool, γ, friction factor between the tools and the billet, m, on the geometry and the deformation inhomogeneity of the cold orbital forged gear are thoroughly clarified. The research results show that the flash becomes more homogeneous with increasing v, increasing m, decreasing n or decreasing γ. And the deformation of the gear becomes more homogeneous with increasing v, decreasing n or decreasing γ. Finally, a corresponding experiment is conducted, which verifies the accuracy of FE simulation conclusions.展开更多
In the context of globalization and digitalization,cultural and artistic management and educational model innovation have become the core driving force for the sustainable development of the industry.This article syst...In the context of globalization and digitalization,cultural and artistic management and educational model innovation have become the core driving force for the sustainable development of the industry.This article systematically sorts out the six key success factors of strategic planning,content innovation,organizational change,user orientation,and dynamic evaluation through case analysis and theoretical discussion.These factors work together to provide a clear path and impetus for the sustainable development of the cultural and arts industry.展开更多
To effectively address the complexity of the environment,information uncertainty,and variability among decision-makers in the event of an enterprise emergency,a multi-granularity binary semantic-based emergency decisi...To effectively address the complexity of the environment,information uncertainty,and variability among decision-makers in the event of an enterprise emergency,a multi-granularity binary semantic-based emergency decision-making method is proposed.Decision-makers use preferred multi-granularity non-uniform linguistic scales combined with binary semantics to represent the evaluation information of key influencing factors.Secondly,the weights were determined based on the proposed method.Finally,the proposed method’s effectiveness is validated using a case study of a fire incident in a chemical company.展开更多
A low-power environmental monitoring system based on WSN technology is proposed to effectively monitor the environmental status and ensure the healthy growth of greenhouse crops in the greenhouse. The system performs ...A low-power environmental monitoring system based on WSN technology is proposed to effectively monitor the environmental status and ensure the healthy growth of greenhouse crops in the greenhouse. The system performs dynamic mon- itoring on the environmental data of temperature, humidity, illumination, soil tempera- ture and humidity of the greenhouse, and it reduces the energy consumption by us- ing solar energy and lithium battery as the power supply mode and dynamic power management algorithm combined with improved routing protocol. Stable and reliable, the system could effectively monitor the key environmental factors in the green- house, making it of certain promotion value.展开更多
Model simulations show that drought may become more severe and widespread in the 21st century due to humaninduced global warming. However, the contributions from the key factors to the model-projected drought changes ...Model simulations show that drought may become more severe and widespread in the 21st century due to humaninduced global warming. However, the contributions from the key factors to the model-projected drought changes in China have not yet been examined in detail. We used the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index with Penman–Monteith potential evapotranspiration(scPDSIpm) based on 10 model simulations selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6). We investigated the contributions from precipitation(P), near-surface air temperature and specific humidity [Δ(T + q)], net surface longwave radiation(LW), net surface shortwave radiation(SW), and wind speed(WS) to the future changes in scPDSIpm, including the long-term mean, drying area,probability distribution function(PDF), drought frequency, and drought duration based on the scPDSIpm over China.Our results show that model-projected drying mainly occurs over southern China, whereas the dry areas under drought conditions increase from 20% to about 23%/30% under the two scenarios of the shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP2-4.5/SSP5-8.5) from 1985 to 2100, despite large uncertainties in individual projections partly due to internal variability. Drought frequency is projected to increases by about 10%–54%(15%–88%) under the SSP2-4.5(SSP5-8.5) scenario by the late 21st century, along with increases in drought duration. These changes are accompanied by a decrease in the mean scPDSIpm and flattening of the PDFs. The changes in drying over southern China are mainly attributed to surface warming and the increased surface vapor pressure deficit(VPD), with small contributions from changes in the surface net radiation. The changes in wetting over northern China mostly result from increased precipitation along with a small wetting effect from the changes in wind speed.展开更多
Tourism is facing increasingly difficult conditions as the global economy deteriorates and Asia and the Pacific, one of fastest growing tourism regions in the world,is also strongly feeling the impact of the global sl...Tourism is facing increasingly difficult conditions as the global economy deteriorates and Asia and the Pacific, one of fastest growing tourism regions in the world,is also strongly feeling the impact of the global slowdown.But,as concluded by the over 100 experts from 25 countries gathered in Guilin for the 2nd UNWTO Conference on展开更多
As an emerging technology,blockchain has recently gained attention in both academic and economic fields,but its adoption is not yet widespread in the banking sector in Taiwan.As academics have paid scant attention to ...As an emerging technology,blockchain has recently gained attention in both academic and economic fields,but its adoption is not yet widespread in the banking sector in Taiwan.As academics have paid scant attention to this topic,this study determines the critical factors affecting blockchain adoption from the organizational perspective in the banking industry.We propose hybrid methods to fill the gap in the literature.First,we apply the technology-organization-environment framework as the basis and combine relevant factors as a framework to identify the relevant evaluation factors.Second,we propose a hybrid method that integrates the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)with the evaluation based on distance from average solution(EDAS)approach and employs DEMATEL to measure the importance of the factors and alternatives to blockchain as ranked by the EDAS method.According to the ranking results,we identify the best preference among alternatives to blockchain.The results suggest that organizational and technological aspects are the main considerations to enhance and promote the effectiveness of blockchain adoption.This study suggests valuable strategies for stimulating blockchain adoption in the banking sector in Taiwan.展开更多
Based on the observed data in monitored drainage areas and GIS spatial analysis tools,watershed basic database of Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin was built.The multivariate analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA) were used...Based on the observed data in monitored drainage areas and GIS spatial analysis tools,watershed basic database of Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin was built.The multivariate analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA) were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of water quality,identify the key environmental factors and their patterns influencing the spatial variation of water quality,and determine the main types and forms of the non-point source(NPS) pollutant export controlled by the key environmental factors.The results show that different patterns of environmental factors lead to great changes in water quality at spatial and seasonal scales.All selected environmental factors explain 64.5% and 68.2% of the spatial variation of water quality over dry season and rainy season,respectively,which shows clear seasonal difference.Over dry season,residential land is the most important environmental factor,which possesses 35.4% of the spatial variation,and drainage area is the second key environmental factor,which possesses 17.0% of spatial variation in the total variance.Over rainy season,slope length and drainage area are the key environmental factors,which possess 29.3% of the spatial variation together.Residential land influences nitrogen export by changing NH4+-N and particulate organic nitrogen(PON) discharge over dry season,and drainage area controls phosphorus export by regulating dissolved phosphorus(DP) drainage over dry season and phosphorus associated particulate(PAP) loss over rainy season,respectively.Although slope length is an important environmental factor,it does not influence NPS pollutant export.It is interesting that soil organic matter,as a minor environmental factor,highly determines phosphorus and nitrogen export by enhancing the DP,PAP and PON loss.展开更多
Fourteen SAE standards related to accommodation and occupant＇ packaging for vehicle interior are studied. The influencing factors, key reference accommodation points and major design dimensions and their relationship...Fourteen SAE standards related to accommodation and occupant＇ packaging for vehicle interior are studied. The influencing factors, key reference accommodation points and major design dimensions and their relationships of occupant packaging and ergonomics during the vehicle interior layout design and development are analyzed. Prototypes are presented to verify the results and how to achieve the packaging is shown. Auto- mobile designers can achieve significant practical guidance for human safety, efficiency accommodation and occupant packaging of all passengers during the vehicle design process.展开更多
In order to prevent and control environmental mass incidents,by comprehensively using literature research,case analysis and logical reasoning method,27 factors influencing environmental mass incidents were selected. A...In order to prevent and control environmental mass incidents,by comprehensively using literature research,case analysis and logical reasoning method,27 factors influencing environmental mass incidents were selected. Among them,15 key influencing factors were screened by Delphi-PCA-frequency analysis composite method. The key influencing factors were analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.展开更多
This study introduces a comprehensive and automated framework that leverages data-driven method-ologies to address various challenges in shale gas development and production.Specifically,it harnesses the power of Auto...This study introduces a comprehensive and automated framework that leverages data-driven method-ologies to address various challenges in shale gas development and production.Specifically,it harnesses the power of Automated Machine Learning(AutoML)to construct an ensemble model to predict the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)of shale gas wells.To demystify the“black-box”nature of the ensemble model,KernelSHAP,a kernel-based approach to compute Shapley values,is utilized for elucidating the influential factors that affect shale gas production at both global and local scales.Furthermore,a bi-objective optimization algorithm named NSGA-Ⅱ is seamlessly incorporated to opti-mize hydraulic fracturing designs for production boost and cost control.This innovative framework addresses critical limitations often encountered in applying machine learning(ML)to shale gas pro-duction:the challenge of achieving sufficient model accuracy with limited samples,the multidisciplinary expertise required for developing robust ML models,and the need for interpretability in“black-box”models.Validation with field data from the Fuling shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin substantiates the framework's efficacy in enhancing the precision and applicability of data-driven techniques.The test accuracy of the ensemble ML model reached 83%compared to a maximum of 72%of single ML models.The contribution of each geological and engineering factor to the overall production was quantitatively evaluated.Fracturing design optimization raised EUR by 7%-34%under different production and cost tradeoff scenarios.The results empower domain experts to conduct more precise and objective data-driven analyses and optimizations for shale gas production with minimal expertise in data science.展开更多
From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which inclu...From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.展开更多
Since data services are penetrating into our daily life rapidly, the mobile network becomes more complicated, and the amount of data transmission is more and more increasing. In this case, the traditional statistical ...Since data services are penetrating into our daily life rapidly, the mobile network becomes more complicated, and the amount of data transmission is more and more increasing. In this case, the traditional statistical methods for anomalous cell detection cannot adapt to the evolution of networks, and data mining becomes the mainstream. In this paper, we propose a novel kernel density-based local outlier factor(KLOF) to assign a degree of being an outlier to each object. Firstly, the notion of KLOF is introduced, which captures exactly the relative degree of isolation. Then, by analyzing its properties, including the tightness of upper and lower bounds, sensitivity of density perturbation, we find that KLOF is much greater than 1 for outliers. Lastly, KLOFis applied on a real-world dataset to detect anomalous cells with abnormal key performance indicators(KPIs) to verify its reliability. The experiment shows that KLOF can find outliers efficiently. It can be a guideline for the operators to perform faster and more efficient trouble shooting.展开更多
文摘With the deepening cultural and economic ties between China and Italy,Chinese language education in Italy has been at the forefront of Europe,and significant progress has been made in localized teaching in Italy.However,the current“Chinese language craze”in Italy seems to have cooled down,and the demand for Italians to learn Chinese has stabilized or even declined.This phenomenon involves multiple factors.From the perspective of cross-cultural perspective,this paper analyzes the current development status of Chinese language education in Italy,as well as the practical problems existing in various aspects such as teachers,textbooks,and curriculum settings.It explores the key factors for the better development of Chinese language education in Italy and provides suggestions on how to solve the current problems,aiming to promote the sound development of Chinese language education in Italy.
基金Supported by Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine,No.JCICM-4-07
文摘AIM:To investigate the key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)model in rats. METHODS:TNBS was administered to rats at the following conditions:(1)with different doses(20,10,5 mg/0.8 mL per rat);(2)with same dose in different concentrations(20 mg/rat,25,50 mg/mL);(3)in different ethanol percentage(25%,50%);and(4)at depth either 4 cm or 8 cm from anus.At 5 d and 4 wk after TNBS administration,inflammation severity and inflammation resolution were evaluated.At 4 and 8 wk after TNBS application,visceral hyperalgesia and enterochromaffin(EC)cell hyperplasia were assayed by abdominal withdrawal reflex test,silver staining and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS:Our results showed that:(1)TNBS induced dose-dependent acute inflammation and inflammation resolution.At 5 d post TNBS,the pathological score and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in all TNBS treated rats were significantly elevated compared to that of the control(9.48±1.86,8.18±0.67,5.78± 0.77 vs 0,and 3.55±1.11,1.80±0.82,0.97±0.08 unit/mg vs 0.14±0.01 unit/mg,P<0.05).At 4 wk post TNBS,the pathological score in high and median dose TNBS-treated rats were still significantly higher than that of the control(1.52±0.38 and 0.80±0.35 vs 0,P<0.05);(2)Intracolonic TNBS administration position affected the persistence of visceral hyperalgesia.At 4 wk post TNBS,abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR)threshold pressure in all TNBS-treated groups were decreased compared to that of the control(21.52 ±1.73 and 27.10±1.94 mmHg vs 34.44±1.89 mmHg,P<0.05).At 8 wk post TNBS,AWR threshold pressure in 8 cm administration group was still significantly decreased(23.33±1.33 mmHg vs 36.79±2.29 mmHg,P<0.05);(3)Ethanol percentage affected the TNBS-induced inflammation severity and visceral hyperalgesia.In TNBS-25%ethanol-treated group,the pathological score and MPO activity were significantly lowered compared to that of the TNBS-50%ethanoltreated group,while AWR threshold pressure were significantly elevated(36.33±0.61 mmHg vs 23.33±1.33 mmHg,P<0.05);and(4)TNBS(5 mg/0.8 mL per rat, in 50%ethanol,8 cm from anus)-treated rats recovered completely from the inflammation with acquired visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia at 4 wk after TNBS administration.CONCLUSION:TNBS dosage,concentration,intraco-lonic administration position,and ethanol percentage play important roles in developing visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia of TNBS-induced PI-IBS rats.
基金supported by the fund of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics (Grant No. 6142207030103)
文摘In order to ascertain the key factors affecting the lifetime of the triple grids in the LIPS-300 ion thruster,the thermal deformation,upstream ion density and component lifetime of the grids are simulated with finite element analysis,fluid simulation and charged-particle tracing simulation methods on the basis of a 1500 h short lifetime test.The key factor affecting the lifetime of the triple grids in the LIPS-300 ion thruster is obtained and analyzed through the test results.The results show that ion sputtering erosion of the grids in 5 kW operation mode is greater than in the case of 3 kW.In 5 kW mode,the decelerator grid shows the most serious corrosion,the accelerator grid shows moderate corrosion,and the screen grid shows the least amount of corrosion.With the serious corrosion of the grids in 5 kW operation mode,the intercept current of the acceleration and deceleration grids increases substantially.Meanwhile,the cold gap between the accelerator grid and the screen grid decreases from 1 mm to 0.7 mm,while the cold gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases from 1 mm to 1.25 mm after 1500 h of thruster operation.At equilibrium temperature with 5 k W power,the finite element method（FEM）simulation results show that the hot gap between the screen grid and the accelerator grid reduces to 0.2 mm.Accordingly,the hot gap between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid increases to 1.5 mm.According to the fluid method,the plasma density simulated in most regions of the discharge chamber is 1?×?10;-8?×?10;m;.The upstream plasma density of the screen grid is in the range 6?×?10;-6?×?10;m;and displays a parabolic characteristic.The charged particle tracing simulation method results show that the ion beam current without the thermal deformation of triple grids has optimal perveance status.The ion sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole and the decelerator hole are 5.5?×?10;kg s;and 4.28?×?10;kg s;,respectively,while after the thermal deformation of the triple grids,the ion beam current has over-perveance status.The ion sputtering rates of the accelerator grid hole and the decelerator hole are 1.41?×?10;kg s;and 4.1?×?10;kg s;,respectively.The anode current is a key factor for the triple grid lifetime in situations where the structural strength of the grids does not change with temperature variation.The average sputtering rates of the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid,which were measured during the 1500 h lifetime test in5 k W operating conditions,are 2.2?×?10;kg s;and 7.3?×?10;kg s;,respectively.These results are in accordance with the simulation,and the error comes mainly from the calculation distribution of the upstream plasma density of the grids.
基金Supported by Provincial Science and Technology Department of Major Projects(2014N3011)Provincial Science and Technology Department of Major and Special Projects(2014NZ0002)+1 种基金Longyan City Science and Technology Project(2015LY32)Longyan College 2016 Horizontal Cooperation Issues(201601)
文摘[ Objective] In order to study the production key factors of microbial fermented feed and the composition variation during fermentation. [ Methods ] Water, temperature, energy and protein were selected to study the effects on microbial fermented feed. And the fermentation conditions were optimized. Changes on nutrient composition during fermentation were determined and analyzed. [ Result ] Test results showed that feed formula with high sugar content, low protein, 34% - 36% water content, high fermentation temperature was more conducive to the production and actual production needs of fermentation strains. During the fermentation, strains showed interactions, test tended to be completed at the 144^th h after the fermentation, and number of lactic acid bacteria reached the peak of 1.86×10^9 strain/g, contents of lactic acid could even reach 0.89%. As time prolonged, contents of total energy, fiber and isothiocyanate gradually reduced, while contents of water and protein increased slightly. Contents of vitamin were stable, which in an order of VB〉 VE 〉 Vx 〉 VA 〉 VD. Composition of amino acids showed an better change, contents of glutamic acid and proline decreased slowly, while contents of glycine and phenylalanine increased slowly. [ Conclusion] High quality microbial fermentation feed could improve the palatability and safety of feed and keep the intestinal balance of livestock and poultry, which had broad application prospect.
基金Project(51105287)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(IRT13087)supported by Innovative Research Team Development Program of Ministry of Education of China+2 种基金Project(2012-86)supported by High-End Talent Leading Program of Hubei Province,ChinaProject(2014CFB876)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei ProvinceChina
文摘Cold orbital forging is an advanced spur bevel gear forming technology. Generally, the spur bevel gear in the cold orbital forging process is formed by two steps: the preforming step and the final step. Due to the great importance of the final step to gear forming and its complication with interactive factors, this work aims at examining the influence of key factors on the final step in cold orbital forging of a spur bevel gear. Using the finite element(FE) method and control variate method, the influence rules of four key factors, rotation velocity of the upper tool, n, feeding velocity of the lower tool, v, tilted angle of the upper tool, γ, friction factor between the tools and the billet, m, on the geometry and the deformation inhomogeneity of the cold orbital forged gear are thoroughly clarified. The research results show that the flash becomes more homogeneous with increasing v, increasing m, decreasing n or decreasing γ. And the deformation of the gear becomes more homogeneous with increasing v, decreasing n or decreasing γ. Finally, a corresponding experiment is conducted, which verifies the accuracy of FE simulation conclusions.
文摘In the context of globalization and digitalization,cultural and artistic management and educational model innovation have become the core driving force for the sustainable development of the industry.This article systematically sorts out the six key success factors of strategic planning,content innovation,organizational change,user orientation,and dynamic evaluation through case analysis and theoretical discussion.These factors work together to provide a clear path and impetus for the sustainable development of the cultural and arts industry.
文摘To effectively address the complexity of the environment,information uncertainty,and variability among decision-makers in the event of an enterprise emergency,a multi-granularity binary semantic-based emergency decision-making method is proposed.Decision-makers use preferred multi-granularity non-uniform linguistic scales combined with binary semantics to represent the evaluation information of key influencing factors.Secondly,the weights were determined based on the proposed method.Finally,the proposed method’s effectiveness is validated using a case study of a fire incident in a chemical company.
基金Supported by the Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Province(CX(14)2108&CX(13)5066)~~
文摘A low-power environmental monitoring system based on WSN technology is proposed to effectively monitor the environmental status and ensure the healthy growth of greenhouse crops in the greenhouse. The system performs dynamic mon- itoring on the environmental data of temperature, humidity, illumination, soil tempera- ture and humidity of the greenhouse, and it reduces the energy consumption by us- ing solar energy and lithium battery as the power supply mode and dynamic power management algorithm combined with improved routing protocol. Stable and reliable, the system could effectively monitor the key environmental factors in the green- house, making it of certain promotion value.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2020YFA0608904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42275185, 41975115, and 41675094)。
文摘Model simulations show that drought may become more severe and widespread in the 21st century due to humaninduced global warming. However, the contributions from the key factors to the model-projected drought changes in China have not yet been examined in detail. We used the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index with Penman–Monteith potential evapotranspiration(scPDSIpm) based on 10 model simulations selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6). We investigated the contributions from precipitation(P), near-surface air temperature and specific humidity [Δ(T + q)], net surface longwave radiation(LW), net surface shortwave radiation(SW), and wind speed(WS) to the future changes in scPDSIpm, including the long-term mean, drying area,probability distribution function(PDF), drought frequency, and drought duration based on the scPDSIpm over China.Our results show that model-projected drying mainly occurs over southern China, whereas the dry areas under drought conditions increase from 20% to about 23%/30% under the two scenarios of the shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP2-4.5/SSP5-8.5) from 1985 to 2100, despite large uncertainties in individual projections partly due to internal variability. Drought frequency is projected to increases by about 10%–54%(15%–88%) under the SSP2-4.5(SSP5-8.5) scenario by the late 21st century, along with increases in drought duration. These changes are accompanied by a decrease in the mean scPDSIpm and flattening of the PDFs. The changes in drying over southern China are mainly attributed to surface warming and the increased surface vapor pressure deficit(VPD), with small contributions from changes in the surface net radiation. The changes in wetting over northern China mostly result from increased precipitation along with a small wetting effect from the changes in wind speed.
文摘Tourism is facing increasingly difficult conditions as the global economy deteriorates and Asia and the Pacific, one of fastest growing tourism regions in the world,is also strongly feeling the impact of the global slowdown.But,as concluded by the over 100 experts from 25 countries gathered in Guilin for the 2nd UNWTO Conference on
基金Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST 110-2221-E-141-008).
文摘As an emerging technology,blockchain has recently gained attention in both academic and economic fields,but its adoption is not yet widespread in the banking sector in Taiwan.As academics have paid scant attention to this topic,this study determines the critical factors affecting blockchain adoption from the organizational perspective in the banking industry.We propose hybrid methods to fill the gap in the literature.First,we apply the technology-organization-environment framework as the basis and combine relevant factors as a framework to identify the relevant evaluation factors.Second,we propose a hybrid method that integrates the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)with the evaluation based on distance from average solution(EDAS)approach and employs DEMATEL to measure the importance of the factors and alternatives to blockchain as ranked by the EDAS method.According to the ranking results,we identify the best preference among alternatives to blockchain.The results suggest that organizational and technological aspects are the main considerations to enhance and promote the effectiveness of blockchain adoption.This study suggests valuable strategies for stimulating blockchain adoption in the banking sector in Taiwan.
基金Under the auspices of Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jilin Province (No 2006SYHZ0025)Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No KZCX2-YW-126,KZCX2-YW-Q06-2)
文摘Based on the observed data in monitored drainage areas and GIS spatial analysis tools,watershed basic database of Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin was built.The multivariate analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA) were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of water quality,identify the key environmental factors and their patterns influencing the spatial variation of water quality,and determine the main types and forms of the non-point source(NPS) pollutant export controlled by the key environmental factors.The results show that different patterns of environmental factors lead to great changes in water quality at spatial and seasonal scales.All selected environmental factors explain 64.5% and 68.2% of the spatial variation of water quality over dry season and rainy season,respectively,which shows clear seasonal difference.Over dry season,residential land is the most important environmental factor,which possesses 35.4% of the spatial variation,and drainage area is the second key environmental factor,which possesses 17.0% of spatial variation in the total variance.Over rainy season,slope length and drainage area are the key environmental factors,which possess 29.3% of the spatial variation together.Residential land influences nitrogen export by changing NH4+-N and particulate organic nitrogen(PON) discharge over dry season,and drainage area controls phosphorus export by regulating dissolved phosphorus(DP) drainage over dry season and phosphorus associated particulate(PAP) loss over rainy season,respectively.Although slope length is an important environmental factor,it does not influence NPS pollutant export.It is interesting that soil organic matter,as a minor environmental factor,highly determines phosphorus and nitrogen export by enhancing the DP,PAP and PON loss.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19832020)National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China(10125208)
文摘Fourteen SAE standards related to accommodation and occupant＇ packaging for vehicle interior are studied. The influencing factors, key reference accommodation points and major design dimensions and their relationships of occupant packaging and ergonomics during the vehicle interior layout design and development are analyzed. Prototypes are presented to verify the results and how to achieve the packaging is shown. Auto- mobile designers can achieve significant practical guidance for human safety, efficiency accommodation and occupant packaging of all passengers during the vehicle design process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41001338)Key Projects of Henan Colleges and Universities(15A610012)
文摘In order to prevent and control environmental mass incidents,by comprehensively using literature research,case analysis and logical reasoning method,27 factors influencing environmental mass incidents were selected. Among them,15 key influencing factors were screened by Delphi-PCA-frequency analysis composite method. The key influencing factors were analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42050104).
文摘This study introduces a comprehensive and automated framework that leverages data-driven method-ologies to address various challenges in shale gas development and production.Specifically,it harnesses the power of Automated Machine Learning(AutoML)to construct an ensemble model to predict the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)of shale gas wells.To demystify the“black-box”nature of the ensemble model,KernelSHAP,a kernel-based approach to compute Shapley values,is utilized for elucidating the influential factors that affect shale gas production at both global and local scales.Furthermore,a bi-objective optimization algorithm named NSGA-Ⅱ is seamlessly incorporated to opti-mize hydraulic fracturing designs for production boost and cost control.This innovative framework addresses critical limitations often encountered in applying machine learning(ML)to shale gas pro-duction:the challenge of achieving sufficient model accuracy with limited samples,the multidisciplinary expertise required for developing robust ML models,and the need for interpretability in“black-box”models.Validation with field data from the Fuling shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin substantiates the framework's efficacy in enhancing the precision and applicability of data-driven techniques.The test accuracy of the ensemble ML model reached 83%compared to a maximum of 72%of single ML models.The contribution of each geological and engineering factor to the overall production was quantitatively evaluated.Fracturing design optimization raised EUR by 7%-34%under different production and cost tradeoff scenarios.The results empower domain experts to conduct more precise and objective data-driven analyses and optimizations for shale gas production with minimal expertise in data science.
文摘From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program: 2013CB329004)
文摘Since data services are penetrating into our daily life rapidly, the mobile network becomes more complicated, and the amount of data transmission is more and more increasing. In this case, the traditional statistical methods for anomalous cell detection cannot adapt to the evolution of networks, and data mining becomes the mainstream. In this paper, we propose a novel kernel density-based local outlier factor(KLOF) to assign a degree of being an outlier to each object. Firstly, the notion of KLOF is introduced, which captures exactly the relative degree of isolation. Then, by analyzing its properties, including the tightness of upper and lower bounds, sensitivity of density perturbation, we find that KLOF is much greater than 1 for outliers. Lastly, KLOFis applied on a real-world dataset to detect anomalous cells with abnormal key performance indicators(KPIs) to verify its reliability. The experiment shows that KLOF can find outliers efficiently. It can be a guideline for the operators to perform faster and more efficient trouble shooting.
