To the editor,I read with great interest the recent article by Erko et al[1].Interestingly,one facet of schistosomal infection that is often overlooked is Katayama syndrome(KS).The constellation of symptoms seen in KS...To the editor,I read with great interest the recent article by Erko et al[1].Interestingly,one facet of schistosomal infection that is often overlooked is Katayama syndrome(KS).The constellation of symptoms seen in KS is secondary to eosinophil mediated systemic vasculitis.Small vessel thrombosis may accompany the vasculitis.This eosinophilic response is triggered by the migrating schistosomula[2].KS overall represents a hyper-sensitivity response.Symptoms and signs usually appear within six weeks of onset of展开更多
Schistosomiasis,as a neglected tropical disease,presents a public health challenge,particularly in impoverished tropical and subtropical areas.This living review focuses on the key aspects of schistosomiasis,including...Schistosomiasis,as a neglected tropical disease,presents a public health challenge,particularly in impoverished tropical and subtropical areas.This living review focuses on the key aspects of schistosomiasis,including its etiology,epidemiology,pathophysiology,clinical features,diagnosis,prophylaxis,treatment,and control.We also examine the key aspects of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mekongi,Schistosoma bovis,and Schistosoma curassoni.To date,praziquantel is the main drug for treating and reducing the transmission of schistosomiasis.The development of vaccines remains an important scientific goal in the control of this neglected disease.展开更多
The first Zagreb index M1 （G） is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index M2 （G） is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices of t...The first Zagreb index M1 （G） is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index M2 （G） is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices of the underlying molecular graph G. In this paper, we obtain lower and upper bounds on the first Zagreb index MI（G） of G in terms of the number of vertices （n）, number of edges （m）, maximum vertex degree （△）, and minimum vertex degree （δ）. Using this result, we find lower and upper bounds on M2（G）. Also, we present lower and upper bounds on M2（G） ＋ M2（G） in terms of n, m, △, and δ, where denotes the complement of G. Moreover, we determine the bounds on first Zagreb coindex MI（G） and second Zagreb coindex M2（G）. Finally, we give a relation between the first Zagreb index and the second Zagreb index of graph G.展开更多
文摘To the editor,I read with great interest the recent article by Erko et al[1].Interestingly,one facet of schistosomal infection that is often overlooked is Katayama syndrome(KS).The constellation of symptoms seen in KS is secondary to eosinophil mediated systemic vasculitis.Small vessel thrombosis may accompany the vasculitis.This eosinophilic response is triggered by the migrating schistosomula[2].KS overall represents a hyper-sensitivity response.Symptoms and signs usually appear within six weeks of onset of
文摘Schistosomiasis,as a neglected tropical disease,presents a public health challenge,particularly in impoverished tropical and subtropical areas.This living review focuses on the key aspects of schistosomiasis,including its etiology,epidemiology,pathophysiology,clinical features,diagnosis,prophylaxis,treatment,and control.We also examine the key aspects of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mekongi,Schistosoma bovis,and Schistosoma curassoni.To date,praziquantel is the main drug for treating and reducing the transmission of schistosomiasis.The development of vaccines remains an important scientific goal in the control of this neglected disease.
基金Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to two anonymous referees for their careful reading of this paper and strict criticisms, and valuable comments on this paper, which have considerably improved the presentation of this paper. The first author was supported by the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government （Grant No. 2013R1A1A2009341） the second author was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 11201227）, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （2013M530253）, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （BK20131357）.
文摘The first Zagreb index M1 （G） is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index M2 （G） is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices of the underlying molecular graph G. In this paper, we obtain lower and upper bounds on the first Zagreb index MI（G） of G in terms of the number of vertices （n）, number of edges （m）, maximum vertex degree （△）, and minimum vertex degree （δ）. Using this result, we find lower and upper bounds on M2（G）. Also, we present lower and upper bounds on M2（G） ＋ M2（G） in terms of n, m, △, and δ, where denotes the complement of G. Moreover, we determine the bounds on first Zagreb coindex MI（G） and second Zagreb coindex M2（G）. Finally, we give a relation between the first Zagreb index and the second Zagreb index of graph G.
