William Shakespeare was a patriotic song and heroic epic in praise of the great contributions Henry V (1387-1422) made to England, who represents Shakespeare’s ideal of a good king and aspiration for the national uni...William Shakespeare was a patriotic song and heroic epic in praise of the great contributions Henry V (1387-1422) made to England, who represents Shakespeare’s ideal of a good king and aspiration for the national unity of England under a powerful and efficient monarch.展开更多
In his famous book The Golden Bough,]ames Frazer mentioned one special custom found along the shores of Lake Nemi in Italy. The forest king who lived beside Lake N e m i, was not only once a prisoner, but also the mur...In his famous book The Golden Bough,]ames Frazer mentioned one special custom found along the shores of Lake Nemi in Italy. The forest king who lived beside Lake N e m i, was not only once a prisoner, but also the murderer of his predecessor. W hy did the K ing have to be kille d ? How could he be k ille d ? This was the very starting point of James Frazer’s divine kingship study. This was in contrast to the common idea held in many cultures, that kings, or even gods, would die.展开更多
In ancient China,true kingship was supreme rule over all under Heaven by the royal houses of the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou dynasties(the Three Dynasties).It was associated with the Three Dynasties’plural but unified...In ancient China,true kingship was supreme rule over all under Heaven by the royal houses of the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou dynasties(the Three Dynasties).It was associated with the Three Dynasties’plural but unified composite state structure,and its birth was signaled by the emergence of the Xia dynasty.At the time,kingship was related to the appellation“king”(王wang),but was not absolutely equated to it.On the one hand,whenever oracle bone and bronze inscriptions and textual records refer directly to“king(s),”the word refers to the Shang and Zhou kings;but on the other,some bronze inscriptions preserve the use of“king”to refer to the chieftains of smaller tribal states in remote areas.When a supreme dynastic ruler bore the appellation“king,”this indicated the kingly power of the royal house;but when the ruler of a small remote state called himself“king,”the word expressed rule over his state.The appellation“king”was used for these two different levels because the Chinese character“王”and the corresponding royal title originated in the shape of the battle axe that symbolized command of armies.The Xia dynasty was not China’s first state,for in the age of Yao,Shun and Yu numerous local states had organized themselves into tribal federations.Xia dynasty kingship,where the king was“common ruler of all under Heaven”(天下共主tianxia gongzhu)developed out of the power wielded by the hegemonic chieftains in the age of very large tribal states.展开更多
The rich writings of William of Malmesbury provide many materials on his thoughts of kingship and counsellorship.Many scholars emphasised the cooperation between successful kings and their ecclesiastical advisors in W...The rich writings of William of Malmesbury provide many materials on his thoughts of kingship and counsellorship.Many scholars emphasised the cooperation between successful kings and their ecclesiastical advisors in William's works,but royal counsellors are a bigger group,and a clear and systematic analysis of the relationship between kingship and counsellorship in William's works is still absent.This article examines the literary tradition on counsel and counsellors before the twelfth century and William's own interpretations of kingship and counsellorship.William inherited the previous emphasis on the personal qualities of royal counsellors and the necessity of clerical oversight,but he also showed new concerns over the secular counsellorship,which modified the traditional religious discourse.Furthermore,his various ways of describing the relations between counsellors and kings demonstrated the interplay between kingship and counsellorship.The strong,humble king and the wise,righteous counsellors,whether from the Church or secular nobles,together achieved an equilibrium and constructed the ideal political structure in William's thoughts.展开更多
文摘William Shakespeare was a patriotic song and heroic epic in praise of the great contributions Henry V (1387-1422) made to England, who represents Shakespeare’s ideal of a good king and aspiration for the national unity of England under a powerful and efficient monarch.
文摘In his famous book The Golden Bough,]ames Frazer mentioned one special custom found along the shores of Lake Nemi in Italy. The forest king who lived beside Lake N e m i, was not only once a prisoner, but also the murderer of his predecessor. W hy did the K ing have to be kille d ? How could he be k ille d ? This was the very starting point of James Frazer’s divine kingship study. This was in contrast to the common idea held in many cultures, that kings, or even gods, would die.
文摘In ancient China,true kingship was supreme rule over all under Heaven by the royal houses of the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou dynasties(the Three Dynasties).It was associated with the Three Dynasties’plural but unified composite state structure,and its birth was signaled by the emergence of the Xia dynasty.At the time,kingship was related to the appellation“king”(王wang),but was not absolutely equated to it.On the one hand,whenever oracle bone and bronze inscriptions and textual records refer directly to“king(s),”the word refers to the Shang and Zhou kings;but on the other,some bronze inscriptions preserve the use of“king”to refer to the chieftains of smaller tribal states in remote areas.When a supreme dynastic ruler bore the appellation“king,”this indicated the kingly power of the royal house;but when the ruler of a small remote state called himself“king,”the word expressed rule over his state.The appellation“king”was used for these two different levels because the Chinese character“王”and the corresponding royal title originated in the shape of the battle axe that symbolized command of armies.The Xia dynasty was not China’s first state,for in the age of Yao,Shun and Yu numerous local states had organized themselves into tribal federations.Xia dynasty kingship,where the king was“common ruler of all under Heaven”(天下共主tianxia gongzhu)developed out of the power wielded by the hegemonic chieftains in the age of very large tribal states.
文摘The rich writings of William of Malmesbury provide many materials on his thoughts of kingship and counsellorship.Many scholars emphasised the cooperation between successful kings and their ecclesiastical advisors in William's works,but royal counsellors are a bigger group,and a clear and systematic analysis of the relationship between kingship and counsellorship in William's works is still absent.This article examines the literary tradition on counsel and counsellors before the twelfth century and William's own interpretations of kingship and counsellorship.William inherited the previous emphasis on the personal qualities of royal counsellors and the necessity of clerical oversight,but he also showed new concerns over the secular counsellorship,which modified the traditional religious discourse.Furthermore,his various ways of describing the relations between counsellors and kings demonstrated the interplay between kingship and counsellorship.The strong,humble king and the wise,righteous counsellors,whether from the Church or secular nobles,together achieved an equilibrium and constructed the ideal political structure in William's thoughts.
