Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJ...Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.展开更多
The jacket structure has become more popular as the offshore wind-turbine support structure. K-type and inverted-K-type jacket support structures have superior potential due to their fewer joints and lower cost of man...The jacket structure has become more popular as the offshore wind-turbine support structure. K-type and inverted-K-type jacket support structures have superior potential due to their fewer joints and lower cost of manufacture and installation. A numerical study was presented on the dynamic responses of K-type and inverted-K-type jacket support structures subjected to different kinds of dynamic load. The results show that the inverted-K-type jacket structure has higher natural frequencies than the K-type. The wave force spectrum response shows that the maximum displacement of the K-type jacket structure is larger than that of the inverted-K-type. The time-history responses under wind and wave-current load indicate that the inverted-K-type jacket structure shows smaller displacement and stress compared with the K-type, and presents different stress concentration phenomena. The dynamic responses reveal that the inverted-K-type of jacket support structure has greater stiffness and superior mechanical properties, and thus is more applicable in the offshore area with relatively deep water.展开更多
Random fatigue of welded K-type tubular joints subjected to axial or out-of-plane bending load is analyzed. By considering the sizes of initial surface cracks and material constants as random variables with some proba...Random fatigue of welded K-type tubular joints subjected to axial or out-of-plane bending load is analyzed. By considering the sizes of initial surface cracks and material constants as random variables with some probabilistic distributions, incorporating the effect of the weld, five hundred random samples are generated. Statistical computational results of life of crack propagation and effect of change of crack shape are finally obtained and compared with experimental data available based on a regression analysis. Meanwhile, crack propagation behaviors are also investigated.展开更多
目的:评价尼妥珠单抗联合吉西他滨(nimotuzumab plus gemcitabine,NG)一线治疗局部晚期或转移性K-Ras野生型胰腺癌患者的经济性,为相关卫生决策提供参考。方法:基于一项多中心、随机、开放标签的Ⅲ期临床试验(NCT02395016)数据构建分区...目的:评价尼妥珠单抗联合吉西他滨(nimotuzumab plus gemcitabine,NG)一线治疗局部晚期或转移性K-Ras野生型胰腺癌患者的经济性,为相关卫生决策提供参考。方法:基于一项多中心、随机、开放标签的Ⅲ期临床试验(NCT02395016)数据构建分区生存模型,模拟时限为5年,循环周期为28 d。比较NG方案和吉西他滨(gemcitabine,G)方案一线治疗局部晚期或转移性K-Ras野生型胰腺癌的经济性。以质量调整生命年(quality-adjusted life year,QALY)作为产出指标并计算增量成本-效果比(incremental cost-effectiveness ratio,ICER),采用单因素敏感性分析及概率敏感性分析评价模型参数变化对结果稳健性的影响。结果:基础分析结果显示,相较于G方案,NG方案人均成本增加304806.15元,人均效用增加0.16 QALYs,ICER为1865405.26元/QALY,高于本研究设定的268074.00元/QALY的意愿支付(willingness-to-pay,WTP)阈值。单因素敏感性分析结果表明,尼妥珠单抗的成本、肿瘤稳定状态效用和肿瘤进展状态效用对ICER的影响较大。概率敏感性分析结果显示,在WTP阈值为268074.00元/QALY时,NG方案具有经济性的概率为0。结论:与G方案相比,NG方案作为一线药物治疗局部晚期或转移性K-Ras野生型胰腺癌不具有经济性。展开更多
FOR a linear connected simple Lie group G other than split G<sub>2</sub>, in order to obtain formulas forthe action of intertwining operators on certain subspaces of standard induced representations ofG, B...FOR a linear connected simple Lie group G other than split G<sub>2</sub>, in order to obtain formulas forthe action of intertwining operators on certain subspaces of standard induced representations ofG, Baldoni-Silva and Knapp discussed the occurrence of K types in a tensor product. Inthis letter, the author has obtained similar results about the occurrence of K types in a展开更多
文摘Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.
基金Project(51509081)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(B12032)supported by the “111 Project” of ChinaProjects(BK20150037,BK20150811)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘The jacket structure has become more popular as the offshore wind-turbine support structure. K-type and inverted-K-type jacket support structures have superior potential due to their fewer joints and lower cost of manufacture and installation. A numerical study was presented on the dynamic responses of K-type and inverted-K-type jacket support structures subjected to different kinds of dynamic load. The results show that the inverted-K-type jacket structure has higher natural frequencies than the K-type. The wave force spectrum response shows that the maximum displacement of the K-type jacket structure is larger than that of the inverted-K-type. The time-history responses under wind and wave-current load indicate that the inverted-K-type jacket structure shows smaller displacement and stress compared with the K-type, and presents different stress concentration phenomena. The dynamic responses reveal that the inverted-K-type of jacket support structure has greater stiffness and superior mechanical properties, and thus is more applicable in the offshore area with relatively deep water.
文摘Random fatigue of welded K-type tubular joints subjected to axial or out-of-plane bending load is analyzed. By considering the sizes of initial surface cracks and material constants as random variables with some probabilistic distributions, incorporating the effect of the weld, five hundred random samples are generated. Statistical computational results of life of crack propagation and effect of change of crack shape are finally obtained and compared with experimental data available based on a regression analysis. Meanwhile, crack propagation behaviors are also investigated.
文摘目的:评价尼妥珠单抗联合吉西他滨(nimotuzumab plus gemcitabine,NG)一线治疗局部晚期或转移性K-Ras野生型胰腺癌患者的经济性,为相关卫生决策提供参考。方法:基于一项多中心、随机、开放标签的Ⅲ期临床试验(NCT02395016)数据构建分区生存模型,模拟时限为5年,循环周期为28 d。比较NG方案和吉西他滨(gemcitabine,G)方案一线治疗局部晚期或转移性K-Ras野生型胰腺癌的经济性。以质量调整生命年(quality-adjusted life year,QALY)作为产出指标并计算增量成本-效果比(incremental cost-effectiveness ratio,ICER),采用单因素敏感性分析及概率敏感性分析评价模型参数变化对结果稳健性的影响。结果:基础分析结果显示,相较于G方案,NG方案人均成本增加304806.15元,人均效用增加0.16 QALYs,ICER为1865405.26元/QALY,高于本研究设定的268074.00元/QALY的意愿支付(willingness-to-pay,WTP)阈值。单因素敏感性分析结果表明,尼妥珠单抗的成本、肿瘤稳定状态效用和肿瘤进展状态效用对ICER的影响较大。概率敏感性分析结果显示,在WTP阈值为268074.00元/QALY时,NG方案具有经济性的概率为0。结论:与G方案相比,NG方案作为一线药物治疗局部晚期或转移性K-Ras野生型胰腺癌不具有经济性。
文摘FOR a linear connected simple Lie group G other than split G<sub>2</sub>, in order to obtain formulas forthe action of intertwining operators on certain subspaces of standard induced representations ofG, Baldoni-Silva and Knapp discussed the occurrence of K types in a tensor product. Inthis letter, the author has obtained similar results about the occurrence of K types in a
