Jujube is the homology of medicine and food,which popular for its characteristic flavor.Aroma is one of the most key factors that determining the quality of commercial Chinese jujube.In this study,gas chromatographyio...Jujube is the homology of medicine and food,which popular for its characteristic flavor.Aroma is one of the most key factors that determining the quality of commercial Chinese jujube.In this study,gas chromatographyion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)was applied for aroma characterization of 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.Results showed that a total of 29 aroma compositions were identified,and aldehydes(10.42%−22.87%),ketones(26.45%−42.06%),alcohols(2.42%−7.30%),and esters(16.41%−26.86%)were common in 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.3-Hydroxy-2-butanone,methyl acetate,benzaldehyde,2,3-butanedione and 2-methylbutyric acid contributed great to the aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.Moreover,significant differences(P<0.05)of aroma profiles were found among 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes,and it can be well distinguished by 3D-topographic,characteristic fingerprint and principal component analysis(PCA)results.In conclusion,JSBZ(Ji Shan Ban Zao),HMDZ(Ha Mi Da Zao)and HPZ(Hu Ping Zao)respectively presented significantly different aroma profile characteristics.GC-IMS instrument and PCA statistical method were superior and effective in assessing the differences of aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.展开更多
order to obtain accurate contact parameters of jujubes in dwarfing and closer cultivation in Xinjiang during the harvest period,based on the Hertz-Mindlin(no-slip)contact model in EDEM,the contact parameters,including...order to obtain accurate contact parameters of jujubes in dwarfing and closer cultivation in Xinjiang during the harvest period,based on the Hertz-Mindlin(no-slip)contact model in EDEM,the contact parameters,including the coefficient of restitution,static friction,and rolling friction,between jujube and machine components have been calibrated through physical and simulation test.The coefficient of restitution,static friction,and rolling friction between the jujubes and steel(jujube-steel)were calculated as 0.33,0.46,and 0.04,respectively.The coefficient of restitution,static friction,and rolling friction between the jujubes and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)(jujube-PVC)were calculated as 0.39,0.61,and 0.06,respectively.The optimum contact parameters among jujubes(inter-jujubes)were 0.23,0.33,and 0.04.The accumulation test was applied for comparing the simulation and testing values of jujube’s repose angle.In the results,the relative error was 1.27%which means the discrete element model and the contact parameters of jujube can be used for the discrete element simulation test.In addition,the results can be adequately used to simulate particle scale mechanics(grain commingling,flow/motion,forces,etc.)of jujube in harvest as well as the design and working mechanism study of post-harvest processing machinery and devices.展开更多
tone fruits, also known as drupes, have evolved an extremely hard wood-like shell called a stone to protect the seeds. Recently, the market value of stoneless cultivars has risen dramatically, which highlights the nee...tone fruits, also known as drupes, have evolved an extremely hard wood-like shell called a stone to protect the seeds. Recently, the market value of stoneless cultivars has risen dramatically, which highlights the needto cultivate stoneless fruit. Therefore, determining the underlying mechanism of fruit stone development isurgently needed. By employing the stone-containing jujube cultivar 'Youhe' and two stoneless Chinese jujube cultivars, 'Wuhefeng' and 'Daguowuhe', we comprehensively studied the mechanism of fruit stone development in jujube. Anatomical analysis and lignin staining revealed that the stone cultivar 'Youhe' jujube exhibited much greater lignin accumulation in the endocarp than the two stoneless cultivars. Lignin accumulation may be the key factor in fruit stone formation. By analyzing the transcriptome data and identifying differentially expressed genes(DEGs), 49 overlapping DEGs were identified in the comparisons of 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Wuhefeng' jujube and 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Daguowuhe' jujube. ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, which are involved in lignin synthesis, were identified among these DEGs. The overexpression and silencing of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD in wild jujube seedlings further confirmed their roles in lignin synthesis. In addition, two bHLH transcription factors were included in the 49 overlapping DEGs, and bHLH transcription factor binding motifs were found in the promoters of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, indicating that bHLH transcription factors are also involved in lignin synthesis and stone formation in Chinese jujube. This study provides new insights into the molecular networks underlying fruit stone formation and can serve as an important reference for the molecular design and breeding of stoneless fruit cultivars of jujube and fruit trees.展开更多
Increasing access to locally produced, safe, nutritious and affordable complementary foods is essential to combat micronutrient deficiencies in young children in low- and middle-income countries. Two formulations of s...Increasing access to locally produced, safe, nutritious and affordable complementary foods is essential to combat micronutrient deficiencies in young children in low- and middle-income countries. Two formulations of sweets based on jujube, baobab fruit powder and sweet potato puree were produced, and their nutritional values and sensory properties such as taste, smell, color and acceptability were assessed. The formulation containing the most jujube powder, baobab fruit and sweet potato puree gave the best nutritional value. The sweets are rich in calcium (259.80 mg/100 g), magnesium (67.98 mg/100 g), potassium (782.04 mg/100 g), vitamin C (32.37 mg/100 g), iron (6.45 g mg/100 g) and zinc (0.97 mg/100 g). Sensory tests on the two formulations showed acceptability scores ranging from 81.26% to 84.58%, well above the minimum acceptable threshold. Candies with jujube, baobab fruit powder and sweet potato puree could be an alternative for preventing micronutrient deficiencies.展开更多
The FW2.2-like(FWL)gene family has been extensively studied across multiple species,demonstrating conserved functions among specific members in organ development,particularly in fruit size regulation.For species with ...The FW2.2-like(FWL)gene family has been extensively studied across multiple species,demonstrating conserved functions among specific members in organ development,particularly in fruit size regulation.For species with limited research foundations,such as Chinese jujube,analyzing this gene family is an effective approach to identify candidate genes for fruit size.This study identified twenty ZjFWL genes and comprehensively analyzed their chromosomal distribution,phylogenetic relationships,gene structure,evolutionary dynamics,expression patterns,and cis-acting elements in their promoters.Natural variation analysis of the ZjFWL10 sequence identified a significant correlation between a seven-base pair deletion in the conserved domain and jujube fruit size.To validate the functional implications of the seven-base pair deletion genotype,heterologous overexpression experiments were conducted in tomatoes,generating three overexpression lines.Comparative analysis with the wild-type demonstrated a significant reduction in fruit size and a notable increase in plant height in the overexpressed lines.This gene may play a critical role in regulating nutrient partitioning in jujube,ultimately affecting fruit size.These findings advance our understanding of fruit size regulation mechanisms and offer valuable insights for genetic improvement strategies targeting jujube fruit size.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on the oxidation resistance of flavonoids in Chinese jujube stone. [Method] The extract of flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone was added to fresh rapeseed oil and lard to explore the ...[Objective] The aim was to study on the oxidation resistance of flavonoids in Chinese jujube stone. [Method] The extract of flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone was added to fresh rapeseed oil and lard to explore the oxidation resistance of flavonoids; the removal rates of it to O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH were also studied. [Result] The flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone had good oxidation resistance on rapeseed oil and lard,and the effects showed dose-dependent; citric acid and vitamin C appeared synergistic effects to the flavonoids; in free-radical reaction experiment,the flavonoids from Chinese Jujube stone also showed strong scavenging ability on O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH,in addition,the scavenging ability increased with concentration increasing. [Conclusion] The result of this study had provided theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Chinese jujube resource.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to identify the composition of pigments from Jujube fruit skin.[Method]Pigments were extracted from＇Lubei Dongzao＇,＇Lajiao Zao＇,＇Chengwu Dongzao＇,＇Dabailing＇and identificated by using hi...[Objective]The aim was to identify the composition of pigments from Jujube fruit skin.[Method]Pigments were extracted from＇Lubei Dongzao＇,＇Lajiao Zao＇,＇Chengwu Dongzao＇,＇Dabailing＇and identificated by using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）.[Result]The results showed that eight flavanols and four to five flavonols were detected,no anthocyanins was detected.The contents of flavonoids were differnt in four varieties.The contents of flavanols（11 mg/g） and flavonols（1.78 mg/g） in＇Dabailing＇ were one-time higher than other varieties.Quercetin 3 rutinoside was the major flavonol.[Conclusion]The research provided theoretical basis for further study on mechanism of Jujube pigment turnning into the red.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using L...[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.展开更多
基金support of Youth Project of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(JYTQN2023334)Anhui Provincial Department of Education Key Research Project on Natural Science in Higher Education Institutions(KJ2021A1072)+1 种基金Science and Technology Plan Project of Chuzhou Science and Technology Bureau(2021ZD023)the Innovative Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Tianjin(ITTHRS2021000).
文摘Jujube is the homology of medicine and food,which popular for its characteristic flavor.Aroma is one of the most key factors that determining the quality of commercial Chinese jujube.In this study,gas chromatographyion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)was applied for aroma characterization of 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.Results showed that a total of 29 aroma compositions were identified,and aldehydes(10.42%−22.87%),ketones(26.45%−42.06%),alcohols(2.42%−7.30%),and esters(16.41%−26.86%)were common in 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes.3-Hydroxy-2-butanone,methyl acetate,benzaldehyde,2,3-butanedione and 2-methylbutyric acid contributed great to the aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.Moreover,significant differences(P<0.05)of aroma profiles were found among 15 varieties of commercial Chinese jujubes,and it can be well distinguished by 3D-topographic,characteristic fingerprint and principal component analysis(PCA)results.In conclusion,JSBZ(Ji Shan Ban Zao),HMDZ(Ha Mi Da Zao)and HPZ(Hu Ping Zao)respectively presented significantly different aroma profile characteristics.GC-IMS instrument and PCA statistical method were superior and effective in assessing the differences of aroma profiles of different commercial Chinese jujubes.
基金The authors acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51865050)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2016YFD0701504)。
文摘order to obtain accurate contact parameters of jujubes in dwarfing and closer cultivation in Xinjiang during the harvest period,based on the Hertz-Mindlin(no-slip)contact model in EDEM,the contact parameters,including the coefficient of restitution,static friction,and rolling friction,between jujube and machine components have been calibrated through physical and simulation test.The coefficient of restitution,static friction,and rolling friction between the jujubes and steel(jujube-steel)were calculated as 0.33,0.46,and 0.04,respectively.The coefficient of restitution,static friction,and rolling friction between the jujubes and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)(jujube-PVC)were calculated as 0.39,0.61,and 0.06,respectively.The optimum contact parameters among jujubes(inter-jujubes)were 0.23,0.33,and 0.04.The accumulation test was applied for comparing the simulation and testing values of jujube’s repose angle.In the results,the relative error was 1.27%which means the discrete element model and the contact parameters of jujube can be used for the discrete element simulation test.In addition,the results can be adequately used to simulate particle scale mechanics(grain commingling,flow/motion,forces,etc.)of jujube in harvest as well as the design and working mechanism study of post-harvest processing machinery and devices.
基金supported by the Central Fund for Promoting Innovative Technology Development, China (236Z6801G)the Hebei Provincial Modern Seed Industry Technology Innovation Team-Dried Fruits, China (21326304D)the Construction of Innovative Teams for the Modern Agricultural Industry System in Hebei Province, China (HBCT2023120210, HBCT2024190203)。
文摘tone fruits, also known as drupes, have evolved an extremely hard wood-like shell called a stone to protect the seeds. Recently, the market value of stoneless cultivars has risen dramatically, which highlights the needto cultivate stoneless fruit. Therefore, determining the underlying mechanism of fruit stone development isurgently needed. By employing the stone-containing jujube cultivar 'Youhe' and two stoneless Chinese jujube cultivars, 'Wuhefeng' and 'Daguowuhe', we comprehensively studied the mechanism of fruit stone development in jujube. Anatomical analysis and lignin staining revealed that the stone cultivar 'Youhe' jujube exhibited much greater lignin accumulation in the endocarp than the two stoneless cultivars. Lignin accumulation may be the key factor in fruit stone formation. By analyzing the transcriptome data and identifying differentially expressed genes(DEGs), 49 overlapping DEGs were identified in the comparisons of 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Wuhefeng' jujube and 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Daguowuhe' jujube. ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, which are involved in lignin synthesis, were identified among these DEGs. The overexpression and silencing of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD in wild jujube seedlings further confirmed their roles in lignin synthesis. In addition, two bHLH transcription factors were included in the 49 overlapping DEGs, and bHLH transcription factor binding motifs were found in the promoters of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, indicating that bHLH transcription factors are also involved in lignin synthesis and stone formation in Chinese jujube. This study provides new insights into the molecular networks underlying fruit stone formation and can serve as an important reference for the molecular design and breeding of stoneless fruit cultivars of jujube and fruit trees.
文摘Increasing access to locally produced, safe, nutritious and affordable complementary foods is essential to combat micronutrient deficiencies in young children in low- and middle-income countries. Two formulations of sweets based on jujube, baobab fruit powder and sweet potato puree were produced, and their nutritional values and sensory properties such as taste, smell, color and acceptability were assessed. The formulation containing the most jujube powder, baobab fruit and sweet potato puree gave the best nutritional value. The sweets are rich in calcium (259.80 mg/100 g), magnesium (67.98 mg/100 g), potassium (782.04 mg/100 g), vitamin C (32.37 mg/100 g), iron (6.45 g mg/100 g) and zinc (0.97 mg/100 g). Sensory tests on the two formulations showed acceptability scores ranging from 81.26% to 84.58%, well above the minimum acceptable threshold. Candies with jujube, baobab fruit powder and sweet potato puree could be an alternative for preventing micronutrient deficiencies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800559)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2200404)+2 种基金the National XA Science and Technology Innovation Project,China(2022XACX1100)the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi,China(‘Guike’AB16380060)the central government guides local science and technology development project“Germplasm Innovation of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Tree”,and partly supported by the open funds of the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,China.
文摘The FW2.2-like(FWL)gene family has been extensively studied across multiple species,demonstrating conserved functions among specific members in organ development,particularly in fruit size regulation.For species with limited research foundations,such as Chinese jujube,analyzing this gene family is an effective approach to identify candidate genes for fruit size.This study identified twenty ZjFWL genes and comprehensively analyzed their chromosomal distribution,phylogenetic relationships,gene structure,evolutionary dynamics,expression patterns,and cis-acting elements in their promoters.Natural variation analysis of the ZjFWL10 sequence identified a significant correlation between a seven-base pair deletion in the conserved domain and jujube fruit size.To validate the functional implications of the seven-base pair deletion genotype,heterologous overexpression experiments were conducted in tomatoes,generating three overexpression lines.Comparative analysis with the wild-type demonstrated a significant reduction in fruit size and a notable increase in plant height in the overexpressed lines.This gene may play a critical role in regulating nutrient partitioning in jujube,ultimately affecting fruit size.These findings advance our understanding of fruit size regulation mechanisms and offer valuable insights for genetic improvement strategies targeting jujube fruit size.
基金Supported by Tarim University President Fund for Innovation Group Program (TDZKCX08001)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on the oxidation resistance of flavonoids in Chinese jujube stone. [Method] The extract of flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone was added to fresh rapeseed oil and lard to explore the oxidation resistance of flavonoids; the removal rates of it to O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH were also studied. [Result] The flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone had good oxidation resistance on rapeseed oil and lard,and the effects showed dose-dependent; citric acid and vitamin C appeared synergistic effects to the flavonoids; in free-radical reaction experiment,the flavonoids from Chinese Jujube stone also showed strong scavenging ability on O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH,in addition,the scavenging ability increased with concentration increasing. [Conclusion] The result of this study had provided theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Chinese jujube resource.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R & D Program 2006BAD01A1701 and 2006BAD18B02Shandong Agriculture Good Cultivar Engineering Project (2008LZ09)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to identify the composition of pigments from Jujube fruit skin.[Method]Pigments were extracted from＇Lubei Dongzao＇,＇Lajiao Zao＇,＇Chengwu Dongzao＇,＇Dabailing＇and identificated by using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）.[Result]The results showed that eight flavanols and four to five flavonols were detected,no anthocyanins was detected.The contents of flavonoids were differnt in four varieties.The contents of flavanols（11 mg/g） and flavonols（1.78 mg/g） in＇Dabailing＇ were one-time higher than other varieties.Quercetin 3 rutinoside was the major flavonol.[Conclusion]The research provided theoretical basis for further study on mechanism of Jujube pigment turnning into the red.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770401)National Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Forestry Scienceand Technology Support Topics(2006BADO3A0505)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.
