It is a challenge to achieve a sound welded metal/carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic（CFRTP） joint with high strength and few bubbles. In this study, sound lap joints of Cu and CFRTP were obtained by friction lap ...It is a challenge to achieve a sound welded metal/carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic（CFRTP） joint with high strength and few bubbles. In this study, sound lap joints of Cu and CFRTP were obtained by friction lap joining（FLJ） directly at rotation rates of 600-2000 rpm, with the welding tool at the joint center and offsetting the tool 7 mm away from the center toward the retreating side, respectively. Tool offsetting reduced the non-uniform temperature distribution in the lap joints resulting from the high conductivity of Cu, which not only enhanced the tensile shear force from 0.89-2.25 kN to 1.71-3.54 kN,with the maximum increasing rate of 135%, but also reduced the bubble area to only 19% of the original level of 2000 rpm. It is the first time to report a high-quality Cu/CFRTP joint with a high strength and few bubbles. The large increase of the strength after tool offsetting was attributed to the increase of the joining area, the decrease of bubbles and the decrease of the CFRTP degradation. The details on the generation,quantitative distribution and expulsion of the bubbles in the FLJ joints were discussed.展开更多
Objective:To observe clinical efficacy differences of regular acupuncture at empirical acupoints combined with join valley needling at ashi point compared with simple join valley needling at ashi point for scapulohume...Objective:To observe clinical efficacy differences of regular acupuncture at empirical acupoints combined with join valley needling at ashi point compared with simple join valley needling at ashi point for scapulohumeral periarthritis.Methods:Sixty-four patients of scapulohumeral periarthritis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,32 cases in each one.Both groups underwent basic rehabilitation training.Patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at empirical acupoints combined with join valley needling at ashi point,while the patients of the control group were treated with simple join valley needling at ashi point.Both groups were all treated once a day,6 times a week.Patients were treated for one course which lasted for 4 weeks.The visual analog scale(VAS)score,the Constant-Murley score and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)are compared between the two groups before and after the treatment,and the efficacy was evaluated after the treatment.Telephone investigation was applied as the followed-up after one month of the treatment.Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was 87.5%(28/32),and that in the control group was 71.9%(23/32),and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The VAS scores,Constant-Murley scores,and HAMA scores in the patients of the observation group were lower than those of the corresponding indicators in the patients of the control group respectively,and there were statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusions:Compared with simple join valley needling at ashi point,regular acupuncture at empirical acupoints combined with join valley needling at ashi point can relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis,attenuate pains,ease anxiety and improve daily life activities better.展开更多
Recent studies revealed the relationship among homologous recombination repair(HRR),androgen receptor(AR),and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP);however,the synergy between anti-androgen enzalutamide(E...Recent studies revealed the relationship among homologous recombination repair(HRR),androgen receptor(AR),and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP);however,the synergy between anti-androgen enzalutamide(ENZ)and PARP inhibitor olaparib(OLA)remains unclear.Here,we showed that the synergistic effect of ENZ and OLA significantly reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines.Next-generation sequencing followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed the significant effects of ENZ plus OLA on nonhomologous end joining(NHEJ)and apoptosis pathways.ENZ combined with OLA synergistically inhibited the NHEJ pathway by repressing DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit(DNA-PKcs)and X-ray repair cross complementing 4(XRCC4).Moreover,our data showed that ENZ could enhance the response of prostate cancer cells to the combination therapy by reversing the anti-apoptotic effect of OLA through the downregulation of anti-apoptotic gene insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF1R)and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic gene death-associated protein kinase 1(DAPK1).Collectively,our results suggested that ENZ combined with OLA can promote prostate cancer cell apoptosis by multiple pathways other than inducing HRR defects,providing evidence for the combined use of ENZ and OLA in prostate cancer regardless of HRR gene mutation status.展开更多
Determining the crossing number of a given graph is NP-complete. The cycle of length m is denoted by Cm = v1v2…vmv1. G^((1))_(m) (m ≥ 5) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and vlvl+2 (3 ≤ l ≤ m...Determining the crossing number of a given graph is NP-complete. The cycle of length m is denoted by Cm = v1v2…vmv1. G^((1))_(m) (m ≥ 5) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and vlvl+2 (3 ≤ l ≤ m−2), G^((2))m (m ≥ 4) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and v2v4. The famous Zarankiewicz’s conjecture on the crossing number of the complete bipartite graph Km,n states that cr(Km,n)=Z(m,n)=[m/2][m-1/2][n/2[n-1/2].Based on Zarankiewicz’s conjecture, a natural problem is to study the change in the crossingnumber of the graphs obtained from the complete bipartite graph by adding certain edge sets.If Zarankiewicz’s conjecture is true, this paper proves that cr(G^((1))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+2[n/2] and cr(G^((2))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+n.展开更多
Cotton Council International('CCI')and Cotton Incorporated('CI') joined forces again,from October 19-22,2010 at Intertextile Shanghai,to promote natural fiber-U.S.cotton.As global textile strategic par...Cotton Council International('CCI')and Cotton Incorporated('CI') joined forces again,from October 19-22,2010 at Intertextile Shanghai,to promote natural fiber-U.S.cotton.As global textile strategic partners,both organizations were bringing together alliances through the展开更多
The effect of current density on electrically assisted solid-state bulk joining,so-called electrically assisted pressure joining(EAPJ),of copper(Cu)C11000 and aluminum(Al)6061-T6 alloys is investigated.During EAPJ,var...The effect of current density on electrically assisted solid-state bulk joining,so-called electrically assisted pressure joining(EAPJ),of copper(Cu)C11000 and aluminum(Al)6061-T6 alloys is investigated.During EAPJ,various combinations of electric current density and duration are applied to the cylindrical specimen assembly to reach a fixed peak temperature during continuous axial compressive plastic deformation.Then,an additional electric current is periodically applied to the specimen assembly without plastic deformation to keep the temperature elevated.Microstructural observation confirms that the defect-free joint of the selected material combination is fabricated without melting and solidification.The athermal effect of electric current on the diffusion enhancement can be accommodated by introducing the effective activation energy or the effective temperature.The microstructural analysis also demonstrates that the current density both increases the thickness of the intermetallic compound(IMC)layer at the joint interface and affects the microstructural evolution of joining materials.Finally,the mechanical properties of the joint are strongly affected by the electric current density.The present study provides insight into the effect of electric current density on the solid-state joining mechanism of EAPJ of dissimilar material combinations.展开更多
Chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)are often generated in the genome of all living organisms.To combat DNA damage,organisms have evolved several DSB repair mechanisms,with nonhomologous end-joining(NHEJ)and hom...Chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)are often generated in the genome of all living organisms.To combat DNA damage,organisms have evolved several DSB repair mechanisms,with nonhomologous end-joining(NHEJ)and homologous recombination(HR)being the two most prominent.Although two major pathways have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis,rice and other mammals,the exact functions and differences between the two DSB repair pathways in maize still remain less well understood.Here,we characterized mre11a and rad50,mutants of HR pathway patterns,which showed drastic degradation of the typically persistent embryo and endosperm during kernel development.Loss of MRE11 or RAD50 function led to chromosomal fragments and chromosomal bridges in anaphase.While we also reported that the NHEJ pathway patterns,KU70 and KU80 are associated with developmental growth and genome stability.ku70 and ku80 both displayed an obvious dwarf phenotype.Cytological analysis of the mutants revealed extensive chromosome fragmentation in metaphase and subsequent stages.Loss of KU70/80 function upregulated the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression and nuclear division.These results provide insights into how NHEJ and HR are mechanistically executed during different plant developmental periods and highlight a competitive and complementary relationship between the NHEJ and HR pathways for DNA double-strand break repair in maize.展开更多
The development and application of large Die⁃Casting Al Alloy(DCAA)parts and Thermo⁃Formed Steel Sheets(TFSS)in Body⁃in⁃White(BIW)have created higher demands for the joining technology of high⁃strength steel/Al dissim...The development and application of large Die⁃Casting Al Alloy(DCAA)parts and Thermo⁃Formed Steel Sheets(TFSS)in Body⁃in⁃White(BIW)have created higher demands for the joining technology of high⁃strength steel/Al dissimilar materials.As an emerging technology,Flush Self⁃Piercing Riveting(FSPR)is still in the experimental phase and undergoing small batch equipment verification.This paper focuses on the joining methods for DCAA and TFSS in BIW,investigating the joining mechanisms,technical features,and forming principles of FSPR for steel/Al dissimilar materials with two⁃layer or three⁃layer plate combinations.Considering the TL4225/C611/CR5 sheet combination as a subject,the forming mechanism of high⁃quality joints was studied,and a physical and mathematical model was established to depict the relationship between the filling amount of the arc⁃gap and die dimensions,as well as the extrusion amount.This model effectively illustrates the relationship between the filling amount of the flowing metal in the arc⁃gap and critical parameters,such as die dimensions and feeding amounts.By simplifying the process of selecting joining parameters,it significantly reduces both the time and experimental workload associated with parameter selection.This provides a technical foundation for the application of DAAA and TFSS parts in BIW,enabling the rapid choice of appropriate joining parameters to meet the requirements for obtaining high⁃quality joints.The model can be effectively utilized to investigate the relationships between key parameters,including arc⁃gap radius,plate thickness,rivet arc radius,nail head radius,groove width,and feeding amount,while keeping other parameters constant.This approach provides a theoretical foundation for the design of Friction Stir Processing(FSP)joints and aids in the selection of optimal parameters.展开更多
The semantic of JOIN in workflow process definition language WPDL is analyzed and studied. It points outthat there is a problem about AND-JOIN. To solve the problem, the synchronized semantic of AND-JOIN in extend-ed ...The semantic of JOIN in workflow process definition language WPDL is analyzed and studied. It points outthat there is a problem about AND-JOIN. To solve the problem, the synchronized semantic of AND-JOIN in extend-ed Xinpai-driven model is defined formally. It puts forward the concepts of synchronizedarea and asynchronizedarea. It gives the solution of true-and-false token rules in synchronized area and true token rules in asychronized area,and some other issues arisen from the solution are studied systematically and completely. The constrain issues of con-trol structures in synchronized area and asynchronized area are discussed, and its solution is put forward. Finally, thealgorithm of how to find the focus point and synchronized area is given.展开更多
文摘It is a challenge to achieve a sound welded metal/carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic（CFRTP） joint with high strength and few bubbles. In this study, sound lap joints of Cu and CFRTP were obtained by friction lap joining（FLJ） directly at rotation rates of 600-2000 rpm, with the welding tool at the joint center and offsetting the tool 7 mm away from the center toward the retreating side, respectively. Tool offsetting reduced the non-uniform temperature distribution in the lap joints resulting from the high conductivity of Cu, which not only enhanced the tensile shear force from 0.89-2.25 kN to 1.71-3.54 kN,with the maximum increasing rate of 135%, but also reduced the bubble area to only 19% of the original level of 2000 rpm. It is the first time to report a high-quality Cu/CFRTP joint with a high strength and few bubbles. The large increase of the strength after tool offsetting was attributed to the increase of the joining area, the decrease of bubbles and the decrease of the CFRTP degradation. The details on the generation,quantitative distribution and expulsion of the bubbles in the FLJ joints were discussed.
基金Supported by National Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical characteristic technology inheritance backbone talent training program:National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019 No.36Innovative research project for postgraduates of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2018yjscx047
文摘Objective:To observe clinical efficacy differences of regular acupuncture at empirical acupoints combined with join valley needling at ashi point compared with simple join valley needling at ashi point for scapulohumeral periarthritis.Methods:Sixty-four patients of scapulohumeral periarthritis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,32 cases in each one.Both groups underwent basic rehabilitation training.Patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at empirical acupoints combined with join valley needling at ashi point,while the patients of the control group were treated with simple join valley needling at ashi point.Both groups were all treated once a day,6 times a week.Patients were treated for one course which lasted for 4 weeks.The visual analog scale(VAS)score,the Constant-Murley score and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)are compared between the two groups before and after the treatment,and the efficacy was evaluated after the treatment.Telephone investigation was applied as the followed-up after one month of the treatment.Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was 87.5%(28/32),and that in the control group was 71.9%(23/32),and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The VAS scores,Constant-Murley scores,and HAMA scores in the patients of the observation group were lower than those of the corresponding indicators in the patients of the control group respectively,and there were statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusions:Compared with simple join valley needling at ashi point,regular acupuncture at empirical acupoints combined with join valley needling at ashi point can relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis,attenuate pains,ease anxiety and improve daily life activities better.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82002718)the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(BK20191077)Jiangsu Province Hospital(the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University)Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project(JSPH-MC-2021-12).
文摘Recent studies revealed the relationship among homologous recombination repair(HRR),androgen receptor(AR),and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP);however,the synergy between anti-androgen enzalutamide(ENZ)and PARP inhibitor olaparib(OLA)remains unclear.Here,we showed that the synergistic effect of ENZ and OLA significantly reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines.Next-generation sequencing followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed the significant effects of ENZ plus OLA on nonhomologous end joining(NHEJ)and apoptosis pathways.ENZ combined with OLA synergistically inhibited the NHEJ pathway by repressing DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit(DNA-PKcs)and X-ray repair cross complementing 4(XRCC4).Moreover,our data showed that ENZ could enhance the response of prostate cancer cells to the combination therapy by reversing the anti-apoptotic effect of OLA through the downregulation of anti-apoptotic gene insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF1R)and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic gene death-associated protein kinase 1(DAPK1).Collectively,our results suggested that ENZ combined with OLA can promote prostate cancer cell apoptosis by multiple pathways other than inducing HRR defects,providing evidence for the combined use of ENZ and OLA in prostate cancer regardless of HRR gene mutation status.
基金Supported by Changsha Natural Science Foundation(No.kq2208001)the Key Project Funded by Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.21A0590)。
文摘Determining the crossing number of a given graph is NP-complete. The cycle of length m is denoted by Cm = v1v2…vmv1. G^((1))_(m) (m ≥ 5) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and vlvl+2 (3 ≤ l ≤ m−2), G^((2))m (m ≥ 4) is the graph obtained from Cm by adding two edges v1v3 and v2v4. The famous Zarankiewicz’s conjecture on the crossing number of the complete bipartite graph Km,n states that cr(Km,n)=Z(m,n)=[m/2][m-1/2][n/2[n-1/2].Based on Zarankiewicz’s conjecture, a natural problem is to study the change in the crossingnumber of the graphs obtained from the complete bipartite graph by adding certain edge sets.If Zarankiewicz’s conjecture is true, this paper proves that cr(G^((1))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+2[n/2] and cr(G^((2))_(m)+Kn)=Z(m,n)+n.
文摘Cotton Council International('CCI')and Cotton Incorporated('CI') joined forces again,from October 19-22,2010 at Intertextile Shanghai,to promote natural fiber-U.S.cotton.As global textile strategic partners,both organizations were bringing together alliances through the
基金supported by"Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)"through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(2021RIS-003)supported by the Technology Innovation Program(Development of design for additive manufacturing technology and low alloy steel materials with tensile strength 1.0 GPa for next-generation components,20024345)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(MOTIE,Korea)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(NRF-2021R1A2C3005096).
文摘The effect of current density on electrically assisted solid-state bulk joining,so-called electrically assisted pressure joining(EAPJ),of copper(Cu)C11000 and aluminum(Al)6061-T6 alloys is investigated.During EAPJ,various combinations of electric current density and duration are applied to the cylindrical specimen assembly to reach a fixed peak temperature during continuous axial compressive plastic deformation.Then,an additional electric current is periodically applied to the specimen assembly without plastic deformation to keep the temperature elevated.Microstructural observation confirms that the defect-free joint of the selected material combination is fabricated without melting and solidification.The athermal effect of electric current on the diffusion enhancement can be accommodated by introducing the effective activation energy or the effective temperature.The microstructural analysis also demonstrates that the current density both increases the thickness of the intermetallic compound(IMC)layer at the joint interface and affects the microstructural evolution of joining materials.Finally,the mechanical properties of the joint are strongly affected by the electric current density.The present study provides insight into the effect of electric current density on the solid-state joining mechanism of EAPJ of dissimilar material combinations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372116)to Yan He.
文摘Chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)are often generated in the genome of all living organisms.To combat DNA damage,organisms have evolved several DSB repair mechanisms,with nonhomologous end-joining(NHEJ)and homologous recombination(HR)being the two most prominent.Although two major pathways have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis,rice and other mammals,the exact functions and differences between the two DSB repair pathways in maize still remain less well understood.Here,we characterized mre11a and rad50,mutants of HR pathway patterns,which showed drastic degradation of the typically persistent embryo and endosperm during kernel development.Loss of MRE11 or RAD50 function led to chromosomal fragments and chromosomal bridges in anaphase.While we also reported that the NHEJ pathway patterns,KU70 and KU80 are associated with developmental growth and genome stability.ku70 and ku80 both displayed an obvious dwarf phenotype.Cytological analysis of the mutants revealed extensive chromosome fragmentation in metaphase and subsequent stages.Loss of KU70/80 function upregulated the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression and nuclear division.These results provide insights into how NHEJ and HR are mechanistically executed during different plant developmental periods and highlight a competitive and complementary relationship between the NHEJ and HR pathways for DNA double-strand break repair in maize.
文摘The development and application of large Die⁃Casting Al Alloy(DCAA)parts and Thermo⁃Formed Steel Sheets(TFSS)in Body⁃in⁃White(BIW)have created higher demands for the joining technology of high⁃strength steel/Al dissimilar materials.As an emerging technology,Flush Self⁃Piercing Riveting(FSPR)is still in the experimental phase and undergoing small batch equipment verification.This paper focuses on the joining methods for DCAA and TFSS in BIW,investigating the joining mechanisms,technical features,and forming principles of FSPR for steel/Al dissimilar materials with two⁃layer or three⁃layer plate combinations.Considering the TL4225/C611/CR5 sheet combination as a subject,the forming mechanism of high⁃quality joints was studied,and a physical and mathematical model was established to depict the relationship between the filling amount of the arc⁃gap and die dimensions,as well as the extrusion amount.This model effectively illustrates the relationship between the filling amount of the flowing metal in the arc⁃gap and critical parameters,such as die dimensions and feeding amounts.By simplifying the process of selecting joining parameters,it significantly reduces both the time and experimental workload associated with parameter selection.This provides a technical foundation for the application of DAAA and TFSS parts in BIW,enabling the rapid choice of appropriate joining parameters to meet the requirements for obtaining high⁃quality joints.The model can be effectively utilized to investigate the relationships between key parameters,including arc⁃gap radius,plate thickness,rivet arc radius,nail head radius,groove width,and feeding amount,while keeping other parameters constant.This approach provides a theoretical foundation for the design of Friction Stir Processing(FSP)joints and aids in the selection of optimal parameters.
文摘The semantic of JOIN in workflow process definition language WPDL is analyzed and studied. It points outthat there is a problem about AND-JOIN. To solve the problem, the synchronized semantic of AND-JOIN in extend-ed Xinpai-driven model is defined formally. It puts forward the concepts of synchronizedarea and asynchronizedarea. It gives the solution of true-and-false token rules in synchronized area and true token rules in asychronized area,and some other issues arisen from the solution are studied systematically and completely. The constrain issues of con-trol structures in synchronized area and asynchronized area are discussed, and its solution is put forward. Finally, thealgorithm of how to find the focus point and synchronized area is given.
